296 lines
31 KiB
XML
296 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.386.6913" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3a2df501-1763-4f11-a2ea-f9abaac99c00" ID-PMC="PMC3970064" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-386-29" ID-PubMed="24693214" ID-ZBK="357FE9805295436EB40CFDD307D00D48" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-386-29" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 386" ModsDocTitle="The Megophthalmidia (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) of North America including eight new species" checkinTime="1451246199718" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kerr, Peter H." docDate="2014" docId="AF0955CD8F5FB702E99C4D26FE1D15A7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 386: 29-83" docOrigin="ZooKeys 386" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.386.6913" docTitle="Megophthalmidia occidentalis Johannsen" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FFE4CC07FFFAC50AFFB0FFF4FFD6FFF4" masterDocTitle="The Megophthalmidia (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) of North America including eight new species" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668157894205" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Megophthalmidia (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) of North America including eight new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kerr, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>386</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>29</mods:start>
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<mods:end>83</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.386.6913</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.386.6913</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-386-29</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">357FE9805295436EB40CFDD307D00D48</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">357FE9805295436EB40CFDD307D00D48</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152051502" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF0955CD8F5FB702E99C4D26FE1D15A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF0955CD8F5FB702E99C4D26FE1D15A7" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Megophthalmidia_occidentalis" authority="Johannsen" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis Johannsen</taxonomicName>
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Figs 51-61
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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Johannsen, 1909: 89
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" type="type material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="49">Type material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="49">
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♂, "Friday Harbor, Wash., July 6.05" / "OAJohannsen, Lot 114, Sub + slide, Cornell U." / "♂ HOLOTYPE
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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Johannsen" [white label with edge colored red] / "HOLOTYPE Cornell U. No. 1999" [red label]. Specimen double-mounted. Left wing dissected and slide-mounted, marked "HOLOTYPE Cornell U., No. 1999"; male genitalia dissected, ethanol-preserved, in glass microvial within stoppered glass vial marked "MYCETOPHILIDAE, O.A. Johannsen, LOT 114, Cornell U., HOLOTYPE No. 1999." [CUIC].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="21" pageNumber="50">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="50" start="start">Additional</pageBreakToken>
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material examined: CALIFORNIA: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, "USA: CA: Alpine Co; GroverHotSprings SP, nr. Hoffman house,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.69995">38°41.997'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-119.84675">119°50.805'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1800masl, 14.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="viii–">viii-</normalizedToken>
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3.ix.2006 PH Kerr & M Hoffman 06LOT476" [CSCA]; 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, "USA: CA: Amador Co.: Indian Grinding Rock St. Pk., dry wash nr. S.Nature trail, MT#2,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="38.416668">38°25' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-120.63333">120°38' W</geoCoordinate>
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', 715masl, 24.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="v–">v-</normalizedToken>
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10.vi.2007 P. Kerr & M. Hauser 07LOT096" [CSCA; locality Fig. 104; specimen numbers 07Y273 (♂, Fig. 51), 07Y274 (♂, dissected), and # 07Z068 (♀)]; ♂, "USA: CA: Amador Co.: Indian Grinding Rock St. Pk., firebreak nr. envtl camp, MT#3,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="38.428333">38°25.7' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-120.64333">120°38.6' W</geoCoordinate>
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', 715masl, 24.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="v–">v-</normalizedToken>
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10.vi.2007 P. Kerr & M. Hauser 07LOT097" [CSCA]; 26 ♂♂, 46 ♀♀, "USA: CA: Amador Co.: Indian Grinding Rock St. Pk., dry wash nr. S.Nature trail, MT#2,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="38.416668">38°25' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-120.63333">120°38' W</geoCoordinate>
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', 715masl, 10-29.vi.2007 P. Kerr & M. Hauser, 07LOT315" [CSCA, 25 ♂♂, 45 ♀♀, including specimen numbers 07Z048 (♀, Fig. 51) and 07Z049 (♀, dissected); UAIC, ♂, ♀]; 6 ♂, 13 ♀♀, "USA: CA: Amador Co.: Indian Grinding Rock St. Pk., dry wash nr. S.Nature trail, MT#2, 38.4216°N,-120.645°W 715masl, 15.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="v–">v-</normalizedToken>
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18.vi.2008 P. Kerr CSCA08L596" [CSCA, 4 ♂, 11 ♀♀; LACM, ♂, ♀; SBNM, ♂, ♀]; 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, "USA: CA: Amador Co., Indian Grinding Rock SHP, 25.vi.2008, P. Kerr CSCA09L616" [CSCA; in alcohol]; 13 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀, "USA: CA: Calaveras Co., Calaveras Big TreesSP, South Grove old fire rd.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="38.248333">38°14.9'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-120.2575">120°15.45'W</geoCoordinate>
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~1400masl, 8-26.vii.2005, A.R. Cline & S.D. Gaimari, 06LOT289" [CSCA, 10 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀; LACM, ♂, ♀; SBNM, ♂, ♀; UAIC, ♂, ♀;]; ♂, "USA: CA: Calaveras Co., BigTreesSP, S. Grove, Sequoia tree #298 (Creek), canopy trap (153'),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="38.2415">38.2415°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-120.2554">120.2554°W</geoCoordinate>
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1405masl, 27.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–">vi-</normalizedToken>
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18.vii.2009, P. Kerr & R. Frizzell CSCA09L428" [CSCA; in alcohol, specimen # 09D638]; ♂, "USA: CA: Calaveras Co., BigTreesSP, S. Grove, Sequoia tree #282 (Stellar), canopy trap (129'), top bottle,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="38.2407">38.2407°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-120.2546">120.2546°W</geoCoordinate>
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1425masl, 27.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–">vi-</normalizedToken>
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18.vii.2009, P. Kerr & R. Frizzell CSCA09L433" [CSCA; specimen # 09D656, in alcohol]; ♂, "USA: CA: Calaveras Co., BigTreesSP, S. Grove, Sequoia tree #282 (Stellar), canopy trap (129'), bottom bottle,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="38.2407">38.2407°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-120.2546">120.2546°W</geoCoordinate>
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1425masl, 27.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–">vi-</normalizedToken>
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18.vii.2009, P. Kerr & R. Frizzell CSCA09L434" [CSCA; specimen # 09D656, in alcohol]; 4♀♀, "USA: CA: Calaveras Co., BigTreesSP, S. Grove, Sequoia tree #282 (Stellar), canopy trap nr. ground, top bottle,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="38.2407">38.2407°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-120.2546">120.2546°W</geoCoordinate>
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1425masl, 27.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–">vi-</normalizedToken>
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18.vii.2009, P. Kerr & R. Frizzell CSCA09L435" [CSCA; in alcohol]; 2 ♂♂, "USA: CA: Calaveras Co., BigTreesSP, S. Grove, Sequoia tree #282 (Stellar), canopy trap nr. ground, bottom bottle,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="38.2407">38.2407°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-120.2546">120.2546°W</geoCoordinate>
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1425masl, 27.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–">vi-</normalizedToken>
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18.vii.2009, P. Kerr & R. Frizzell CSCA09L436" [CSCA; specimen numbers 09D665, 09D666, both in alcohol]; ♂, "USA: CA: Calaveras Co., BigTreesSP, S. Grove, Sequoia tree #317 (Neighbor), canopy trap (4'), top bottle,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="38.2406">38.2406°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-120.2563">120.2563°W</geoCoordinate>
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1410masl, 27.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–">vi-</normalizedToken>
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18.vii.2009 P. Kerr & R. Frizzell CSCA09L441" [CSCA; specimen # 09D718, in alcohol]; ♂, "USA: CA: Del Norte Co, SixRiversNF, ForestRd17N05, 2miSE Rt.199,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="41.8737">41.8737°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-123.8135">123.8135°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 620masl, 3.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–">vi-</normalizedToken>
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24.vii.2009 P. Kerr & O. Lonsdale, 2m MT, CSCA09L524" [CSCA; Figs 56-58]; 2 ♂♂, "CALIF. Madera Co., Meadow near locked gate, road to Mark Mine, SE. slope of Green Mt. 7600 ft., 20.VIII.71 H. Leech" [CAS]; 6 ♂♂, "CAL. Mono Co., Alt. 7200 ft, Leavitt Meadow / 12-
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<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="51" start="start">VIII</pageBreakToken>
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-1963, flight trap, H. B. Leech" [CAS]; ♂, "McBride Spgs., Mt. Shasta, CALIF., 4800' 22.VII.1965, Malaise trap" [CNC]; ♂, "Loop Trail nr, Phillipsville, Alt Hwy 101 CAL, 5-VII-1968, B. V. Peterson" [CNC]; ♂, "U.S.A.: CALIFORNIA: Siskiyou County, McBride Springs, 8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–VIII–">-VIII-</normalizedToken>
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1967 1524m., Paul H. Arnaud, Jr." [CAS]; ♂, "U.S.A.: CALIFORNIA: Siskiyou County, Elk Creek, ca. 6 km. E. McCloud, 29
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–VII–">-VII-</normalizedToken>
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1974, Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., Calif. Acad. Sci. Coll." [CAS]; ♂, "U.S.A.: CALIFORNIA: Siskiyou County, Big Flat Public Camp, South Fork Salmon River, 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–VIII–">-VIII-</normalizedToken>
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1980, 1510m, Paul H. Arnaud, Jr." [CAS]; 10 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, "USA: CA: Sonoma Co., Annadel SP, 0.9mi from park lot, Richardson trail,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="38.435165">38°26.11'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-122.61117">122°36.67'W</geoCoordinate>
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220masl, 6m MT#3, 17.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="v–">v-</normalizedToken>
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7.vi.2007 P. Kerr & S. Blank 07LOT196" [CSCA; including # 13M284 (♂, Fig. 52), 7 males in alcohol]; ♂, "USA: CA: Sonoma Co., Annadel SP, swept from exposed roots overhanging dry creekbed,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="38.435165">38°26.11'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-122.61117">122°36.67'W</geoCoordinate>
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220masl 7.vi.2007 P. Kerr 07LOT094" [CSCA]; ♂, "CAL. Trinity Co., S. Fork Van Horn, creek 2 mi. from, mouth at upper, Mad river. Alt. 3000' 9.VIII.70 / moss-edged rock pools in running stream, open area. Collector Hugh B. Leech" [CAS]; ♂, "USA: CA: Tulare Co.: Whitaker Forest, E. Eshom Crk. Drainage, nr. tree #142,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.7062">36.7062N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-118.9319">118.9319W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1650masl, MT, 3.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vi–">vi-</normalizedToken>
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16.vii.2010 P.H. Kerr CSCA10L174" [CSCA; specimen #12J131, in alcohol]; 3 ♂♂, "USA: CA: Tulare Co.: Whitaker Forest, E. Eshom Crk. Drainage, nr. tree #142,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.7062">36.7062N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-118.9319">118.9319W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1650masl, MT, 16.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vii–">vii-</normalizedToken>
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12.viii.2010 P.H. Kerr CSCA10L286" [CSCA; # 12J955 (dissected, Figs 53-55, 59-61); 2 ♂♂ in alcohol]. IDAHO: ♂, "USA: IDAHO: Bonner County, Sandpoint KOA, 0.4 km W. Sagle, 18-VII-1974, Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., Calif. Acad. Sci. Coll." [CAS (dissected)]. NEVADA: ♂, "Clear Creek Cpgd., Ormsby Co., NEV., 6500' 27.VII.1968, D. D. Munroe" [CNC]. OREGON: 12 ♂♂, "USA: ORE.: Deschutes Co., DeschutesRiver, 1 mi. SW. Pringle Falls 31-VII-1970, Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., 4250' Flight Trap" [CAS]; ♂, "USA: OREGON: Crook County, Cougar Campground, Marks Creek, 24
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–VII–">-VII-</normalizedToken>
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1974, Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., Calif. Acad. Sci. Coll." [CAS]; ♂, "USA: OREGON: Jackson County, Union Creek Campground, Rogue River 17.3 km N. Prospect, 975m / 24
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–VII–">-VII-</normalizedToken>
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1974, Paul H. Arnaud, Jr., Calif. Acad. Sci. Coll." [CAS]. WYOMING: ♂, "U.S.A.: WYOMING:, Lincoln County, between Grover and, Thayne 16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–VIII–">-VIII-</normalizedToken>
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1981, Paul H. Arnaud, Jr" [CAS]. CANADA (B.C.): ♂, "12km. NE Pemberton, B.C., 28-VII-1990, A. Borkent CD1236" [CNC]; ♂, "No. 62-1256-04, Date 8.VII.62, F.I.S.1962 / light trap, Langford, B.C." [CNC]; ♂, "CANADA: BC: Nanaimo,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="49.13">49.13°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-123.97">123.97°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 4-6 June 2004, B. Brown, Malaise 06LOT435" [CSCA; specimen # 13N141].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="22" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="52" start="start">Megophthalmidia</pageBreakToken>
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occidentalis
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</taxonomicName>
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is most easily separated from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia mckibbeni" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckibbeni">Megophthalmidia mckibbeni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and all other Nearctic congeners by its yellow body that contrasts its dark brown head (Fig. 51). This species is most similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia mckibbeni" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckibbeni">Megophthalmidia mckibbeni</taxonomicName>
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in the morphology of its male reproductive structures, particularly the aedeagus, which features a pair of long lateral processes (= "aedeagal fork", Fig. 60) that bear a short recurved ventral hook (Fig. 59). This feature distinguishes these two species from all other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megophthalmidia</taxonomicName>
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in North America. Independent of body coloration,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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may be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia mckibbeni" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckibbeni">Megophthalmidia mckibbeni</taxonomicName>
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by having the epandrium posterior margin emarginate medially only (Fig. 55; not entire margin angled inward, toward center), aedeagus bearing lateral processes that have s-curvature (tip pointing upward) in lateral view (Fig. 59) and are subtended by a short process that extends about 1/3 length of lateral process before hook (Fig. 59; in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia mckibbeni" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckibbeni">Megophthalmidia mckibbeni</taxonomicName>
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, this subtending process is clearly longer (Fig. 38)). In the dorsal view, the aedeagal lateral processes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are thicker and exhibit noticeable bends (Fig. 60), as opposed to being largely straight (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia mckibbeni" order="Diptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckibbeni">Megophthalmidia mckibbeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig. 39).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="53" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Male. Body length: 2.3-3.0, 2.7 [2.9] mm (n=10). Wing length: 2.2-2.7, 2.5 [2.6] mm (n=10).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="53">Coloration (Fig. 51). Head dark brown; antennal scape and pedicel pale cream-colored to pale yellow, flagellomeres brown; face and clypeus light brown to brown; palps and labellum cream-colored to pale yellow. Thorax pale yellow to yellow throughout; scutum setae brown. Legs cream-colored to pale yellow becoming gradually darker apically, to light brown at tarsi; hind tibial comb yellowish, preceded by 0-3 (usually 3) dark brown setae. Wing hyaline without markings, wing veins yellowish brown; haltere stem and knob pale yellow. Anterior abdominal segments yellow to yellowish brown, posterior segments darkening successively; all abdominal segments bear dark brown setae. Terminalia pale yellow to light brown at base, gradually becoming darker brown apically.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="24" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Figure 51.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Johannsen, habitus, fresh specimens [male above, # 07y273; female below, #07Z048]. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="54" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Ocelli slightly raised, median ocellus in line with anterior margin of lateral ocelli, median ocellus approx. 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
size as lateral ocelli; lateral ocellus located approx. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.3×">-1.3x</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter of ocellus from eye margin, separated from median ocellus by approx. twice its own diameter. Eyes with microsetae, which are approximately as long as width of facet. Frons microtrichose, without setae, flattened. Antennal length 0.8-1.1, 1.0 [1.0] mm (n=10) (approx. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of head and thorax). Face clearly longer than wide, setose; clypeus and labrum microtrichose, without setae. Palpus with four palpomeres; palpomere 1 without setae, other palpomeres with golden brown to dark brown setae, palpomere 2 bearing inconspicuous, small pocket of sensilla; palpomeres 1 and 2 subequal in length, palpomere 3 length subequal to or shorter than combined length of palpomeres 1 and 2, palpomere 4 length 1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–1.25×">-1.25x</normalizedToken>
|
||
combined lengths of palpomeres 1-3. In female, palpomere 4 appx. length of palpomeres 2-3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">Thorax. Dorsum with evenly-distributed, short, appressed setae, bearing longer setae only along lateral and posterior margins. Antepronotum, proepisternum, and laterotergite bearing setae; remaining lateral thoracic sclerites bare. Costal wing vein extends beyond R5, one-half to approx. two-thirds distance between R5 and M1; R1 approximately the same length as r-m; cubital fork proximad of r-m base (Fig. 52); R1, M1, M2, CuA1, and CuA2 with setae on upper surface (lacking setae on M1 + M2). Wing veins A1 and CuP absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="55" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
|
||
genitalia (Figs 53-61). Epandrium dorsal surface flat or nearly so, with or without setae medially, posterior broadly but shallowly emarginate at center (Fig. 55). Posterior processes of epandrium greater than 7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than wide, separated at base by approx. 3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width of process, length of setae at base of epandrial processes ~2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width of process (Figs 54). Gonocoxites as in Figs 56-58. Aedeagal fork with short recurved hook, bearing subtending process approx. 1/3 length of base to tip of hook (Fig. 59).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Figure 52.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Johannsen, wing [male, # 13M284]. Scale bar = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Figures 53-55.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Johannsen, male epandrium [# 12J955] 53 Lateral view 54 Posterior view 55 Dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Figures 56-58.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Johannsen, male hypandrium [# 09D712] 56 Lateral view 57 Dorsal view 58 Ventral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Figures 59-61.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Johannsen, male aedeagus [# 12J955] 59 Lateral view 60 Dorsal view 61 Posterior view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: sub p subtending process vh recurved ventral hook.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Female. Body length: 2.4-3.0, 2.7 mm (n=10). Antennal length: 0.6-0.8, 0.7 mm (n=10). Wing length: 2.4-2.7, 2.6 mm (n=10).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Coloration (Fig. 51). Same as male, except generally lighter at apex of abdomen.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Head and thorax. Same as male, except antenna length shorter; 0.6-0.8, 0.7 mm (n=10).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="55">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Where sympatric,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia mckibbeni" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckibbeni">Megophthalmidia mckibbeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
demonstrate clear color differences of both males and females that make distinguishing them in the field routine (Figs 31, 51). Interestingly, the male genitalia of these two species are remarkably similar however - to the point where additional study was necessary to make sure that they
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="aren’t">aren't</normalizedToken>
|
||
simply color morphs of the same species. This
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="wouldn’t">wouldn't</normalizedToken>
|
||
be expected, given that both sexes of each type are found in sympatry, but it was still worth considering. As a test in a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘double-blind’">'double-blind'</normalizedToken>
|
||
format, I examined dozens of dissected and disassociated male genitalia from both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia mckibbeni" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckibbeni">Megophthalmidia mckibbeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
throughout their respective geographic ranges, to see if differences in the structure of the male genitalia are consistent with the more obvious, non-genitalic differences between these species, such as body color. It was found that the genitalia of these two species do exhibit consistent morphological differences, in addition to differences of body color, and this test corroborated a separate species hypothesis for each (i.e., they can be distinguished reliably by their genitalia alone). If specimens are not critically-point dried, however, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
tend to darken to an orange-brown color and in Southern California, I have seen a male
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
that retains a similar body color to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia mckibbeni" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mckibbeni">Megophthalmidia mckibbeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
[#12K748], so specific morphology of the male terminalia remains the more reliable arbiter for proper species recognition. The original holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Megophthalmidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megophthalmidia occidentalis" order="Diptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">Megophthalmidia occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has darkened somewhat, but is consistent with Fig. 51.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |