194 lines
21 KiB
XML
194 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6B1C33AA26ADFD1BE618A2C2D694BB4C">A systematic revision of the genus Archocentrus (Perciformes: Cichlidae), with the description of two new genera and six new species.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5B72DA2C66D9FEFAD009D70B81D049E5">Juan J. Schmitter-Soto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="223350B0115A42517DBC54F50FB4CEE8">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AEF362049A3EFBCE44BB4B848DA68D13" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6248803" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100117475" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6248803" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AEF362049A3EFBCE44BB4B848DA68D13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AEF362049A3EFBCE44BB4B848DA68D13" lastPageNumber="63" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection id="3D30BB6834AAB7BDE3141F78EDE3EE55" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4B56CC2669D1891C45FB99FF8AA37CBE" pageNumber="62">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="81397E44EB45E9CDFBA2D158ED034B9F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypsophrys Agassiz</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F157B747EE82A223279EC79A39F4EFCB" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D959A3384BA4C9A98E2BA0064D588548" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="D5571385061EC4FA34A20EAD0987C08F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Hypsophrys
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<bibRefCitation id="148ED6BC7433E90B5E500F24665226B0" author="Agassiz, L." pageNumber="3" pagination="407 - 408" refId="ref34420" refString="Agassiz, L. (1859) Remarks on new fishes from Lake Nicaragua. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 6, 407 - 408." type="journal article" year="1859">Agassiz, 1859: 408</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(original description).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9AC38EAFA45CADB24C263F6DE0541869" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="9011EDCFFB5DD16D5B7BB13DDA7A5558" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A1BBC79-44D3-4A63-8873-730518BF6096" family="Cichlidae" genus="Heros" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Heros Heckel 1840:362" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Heros</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="FE281BC465AD7B3B9ADD6A91B62EEE06" author="Guenther, A." pageNumber="3" pagination="114 - 154" refId="ref35371" refString="Guenther, A. (1864) Report on a collection of fishes made by Messrs. Dow, Godman and Salvin in Guatemala. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1864, 114 - 154." type="journal article" year="1864">
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<normalizedToken id="D60CA4EF534234DEDD22C2D3A28A1396" originalValue="Günther" pageNumber="3">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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1864: 153
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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(part.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="97E3133A09CC47F9C698ED98584204AA" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="A04B7D6030ADD72FC5B17FE6CE9B4836" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80528E6-4EC5-48D2-9B49-38E85C7886AF" authority="Guenther, 1867: 603" authorityName="Guenther" authorityPageNumber="603" authorityYear="1867" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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Neetroplus
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<bibRefCitation id="BA666587A643ACADC0394978CD59D5CF" author="Guenther, A." pageNumber="3" pagination="600 - 604" refId="ref35410" refString="Guenther, A. (1867) Memoir on the Fishes of the States of Central America, founded upon specimens collected in the fresh and marine waters of various parts of that country by Messrs. Salvin and Godman and Capt. J. M. Dow. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1866, 600 - 604." type="journal article" year="1867">
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<normalizedToken id="271569611EB88DBF81EE47EC2CD61E78" originalValue="Günther" pageNumber="3">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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||
, 1867: 603
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(junior synonym).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910FEA53E2AC01260C120F195DA3A10C" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="0F287BBE5717B589AD84A8E691DA1A5F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2D5E18F7-A978-4A06-8907-A1F0233A2D39" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cichlasoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cichlasoma Plesiops Swainson 1839:230" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cichlasoma</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="64532F8A0A4203D4D8A39BB1EF6DAD41" author="Pellegrin, J." pageNumber="3" pagination="41 - 399" refId="ref36888" refString="Pellegrin, J. (1904) Contribution a l’ etude anatomique, biologique et taxinomique des poissons de la famille des Cichlides. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de la France, 16, 41 - 399." type="journal article" year="1904">Pellegrin 1904: 167</bibRefCitation>
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(part.)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="19DDC6FEA1D7454E0FF50C365B563D5F" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName id="E94B1E32671E5C894772EEB3E611CBD5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:78A238C5-DD67-4615-8467-E37D9AD456CB" authority="Fernandez-Yepez, 1969: 3" authorityName="Fernandez-Yepez" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1969" family="Cichlidae" genus="Copora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Copora Fernández-Yépez 1969:[4]" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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Copora
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<bibRefCitation id="236965E79B36EFB76C1D11587D8FF49C" author="Fernandez-Yepez, A." pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref35215" refString="Fernandez-Yepez, A. (1969) Contribution al conocimiento de los cichlidos. Evencias, 22, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="1969">
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<normalizedToken id="4F414E338A5466A5D1D0DD020E3C9C40" originalValue="Fernández-Yépez" pageNumber="3">Fernandez-Yepez</normalizedToken>
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, 1969: 3
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(junior synonym).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="92BC0365B2D7B34A4420A283B4197597" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B7737505E71791F6D3E3810F38E8C81" pageNumber="62">
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Type species.
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<taxonomicName id="28E7AB1EC1B069C8D063BC53E3733079" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9A8BE99-0308-4DF9-9916-9C3C02CC68D0" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys unimaculatus Agassiz 1859:408" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unimaculatus">
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Hypsophrys unimaculatus
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<bibRefCitation id="0F68A9C265E9C18CA42FAC868D0F96C5" author="Agassiz, L." pageNumber="3" pagination="407 - 408" refId="ref34420" refString="Agassiz, L. (1859) Remarks on new fishes from Lake Nicaragua. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 6, 407 - 408." type="journal article" year="1859">Agassiz, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName id="45D5A7A8313A8D1E5132C8EB28A541C9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:56E9EA07-80CD-498A-AF8C-CC4F095FE94A" family="Cichlidae" genus="Heros" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Heros nicaraguensis Günther 1864:153" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis">
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Heros nicaraguensis
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<bibRefCitation id="B1CACE4C9290917F945E207C84DFEB72" author="Guenther, A." pageNumber="3" pagination="114 - 154" refId="ref35371" refString="Guenther, A. (1864) Report on a collection of fishes made by Messrs. Dow, Godman and Salvin in Guatemala. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1864, 114 - 154." type="journal article" year="1864">
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<normalizedToken id="2EDB019CF1C0F8494F74EF5734CDE40C" originalValue="Günther" pageNumber="3">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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, 1864
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see Remarks).
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="00939E6326E0BEEB5CFB7D2F0EA4194B" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="327D56F18604CB6782C504AFE89F92A2" pageNumber="62">
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Diagnosis. No strict synapomorphies, but unique characters in combination: total number of gill rakers on first arch modally 11 (also in
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<taxonomicName id="E3975554B2278B324A4E66A20B1F4385" family="Cichlidae" genus="Parachromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Parachromis</taxonomicName>
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); posterior end of dentigerous arm of dentary rounded or squarish (also in
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<taxonomicName id="BDA74A29659F9C3D00155A90D7078492" family="Cichlidae" genus="Parachromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Parachromis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="843F16D5CECCE878E457B250E5CBD2F6" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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, and others); no parhypurapophysis (also not in
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<taxonomicName id="A46DC9A2C4C4DC5E3EFBD5E28BF67970" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:60986D0C-086A-4E68-8914-90992063465B" family="Cichlidae" genus="Amphilophus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Amphilophus Agassiz 1859:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amphilophus</taxonomicName>
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); secondary caudal pores forming rows (also in
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<taxonomicName id="5A2A08A2B8F1A59D8BB834A54320AFD9" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spilurus">Cr. spilurus</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName id="406C486B8A9FA6CF336BA8DAC059FE4D" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cutteri">cutteri</taxonomicName>
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); caudal emarginate (a unique reversal); peritoneum only anterodorsally pigmented (also in
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<taxonomicName id="61026BAEA1878D4B879E0A84BC09F0E0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Rocio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rocio</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="190FA897F440B602F5496E92B04468EC" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6748D105DFB7CE7AA3C4CF64128E18ED" lastPageNumber="63" pageNumber="62">
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Description. D. XVIII-XIX, modally 10 rays; A. VII-VIII, modally 7 or 8 rays. First dorsal-fin ray not divided. Just one row of interradial scales in dorsal and anal fins, up to 5 or 6 (dorsal) and 7 or 8 (anal) scales long. Predorsal scales 15-20; pored lateral-line scales (not counting scales overlapping between the two segments of the lateral line) 30-33, prolonged by two pored scales on caudal fin; scales from lateral line to first dorsal fin ray always 2.5; circumpeduncular scales modally 17. Small to medium-sized heroines, to 165 mm SL (
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<bibRefCitation id="FA901052BA942220F51D65CC3A7883F2" author="Kullander, S. O." pageNumber="3" pagination="605 - 654" refId="ref35967" refString="Kullander, S. O. (2003) Family Cichlidae (Cichlids). In: Reis, R. E., Kullander, S. O. & Ferraris, C. J., Jr. (eds.). Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, pp. 605 - 654." type="book chapter" year="2003">Kullander 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). Body fusiform to rather oval, depth 38-46% of SL; caudal peduncle slender, longer than deep, least depth 13-15% of SL. Maxilla and premaxilla falling short of orbit. Lower jaw receding (contra
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<bibRefCitation id="D0300F96ABA7FD47D52B845EC702A012" author="Guenther, A." pageNumber="3" pagination="377 - 494" refId="ref35473" refString="Guenther, A. (1869) An account of the fishes of the states of Central America, based on collections made by Capt. J. M. Dow, F. Godman, Esq., and O. Salvin, Esq. Transactions of the Zooelogical Society of London, 6, 377 - 494." type="journal article" year="1869">
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<normalizedToken id="78DC5A9BF485DED2F4EB1BA3CE1BF7FC" originalValue="Günther" pageNumber="3">Guenther</normalizedToken>
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1869
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</bibRefCitation>
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, who considered the jaws of both
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<taxonomicName id="8A1AC39F1F4E29E49B7DE86A037AB9CD" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis">H. nicaraguensis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="6FBF31ABD10390763CA643C452BB9854" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nematopus">H. nematopus</taxonomicName>
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“equal in front”); frenum present in lower lip. Dorsal and anal fins bearing filaments. Anal loop and rostral esophageal loop of gut, adjacent
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<pageBreakToken id="5E02673C0C256481D1C464813507FBEF" pageNumber="3">.</pageBreakToken>
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Genital papilla oval, in females opening oval and not much crenulated. Gill rakers trapezoidal, denticulate, with no basal process. Secondary pored scales on caudal fins forming rows between the rays. Four or more procurrent rays of caudal fin. Caudal vertebrae modally 16, total vertebrae 29-30. Stripe from snout to eye absent or diffuse; no interorbital bands; suborbital streak present; no speckles on cheek; no dorsal ocellus or abdominal black blotch in mature females; absent or diffuse longitudinal band on side of body; 6-7 bars on sides, diffuse, except for 3rd bar; 4th bar and sometimes also 3rd bar medially more intense, forming a lateral spot, round or vertically oval; no bars on fins; base of pectoral fin whitish or of same color as breast.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C2506D0C7BF2D9863F59345B2AA7CF2D" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="44BC8C41FA8C7F01D63EF175C2898B24" pageNumber="63">
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Distribution.
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<normalizedToken id="462276762B1371EAB3F66421C02F495C" originalValue="Río" pageNumber="3">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Santa Clara, Costa Rica, through Great Lakes of Nicaragua north to
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<normalizedToken id="7002B88E0CB23247374A660DE5186852" originalValue="Río" pageNumber="3">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Putkrukira-Coco, Nicaragua (Fig. 27).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1155A559551430E02109612739382034" pageNumber="3" type="multiple">
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<caption id="2B09D568ABA049DBFE0AB7B3229B8F89" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph id="B166D787F3311DDAA34B1B330A575F6E" pageNumber="63">
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FIGURE 27. Distribution of the species in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="36C7B20A75E1AD7E49687DCE2184E70F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypsophrys</taxonomicName>
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. Squares,
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<taxonomicName id="CD6F6DF36DA78FAC4E20F0DD3A182A0C" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis">H. nicaraguensis</taxonomicName>
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; triangles,
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<taxonomicName id="D4C8CC133D67A677A9299C56C659196F" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nematopus">H. nematopus</taxonomicName>
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. A symbol may represent more than one collecting site.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="377CBFA788194451DD2AD4A5BD0C36E8" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7CE94BCBBF7D763781EFC077327FA1E3" pageNumber="63">
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Species composition. Two species,
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<taxonomicName id="694FF0CCF8B98701FFCF34CC8201EC45" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis">H. nicaraguensis</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41AF46466BEE28BE314604660CD3C3AF" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nematopus">H. nematopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08609F1843C3F125DFC43F81D38DBC5D" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4756D432A1E0161C50AE20EF6EF2CA90" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Remarks.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D229329FD6397515797A5752D3E379B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80528E6-4EC5-48D2-9B49-38E85C7886AF" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neetroplus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hereby synonymized, so
|
||
<taxonomicName id="819ECDAF404141E8A2A60A8F58E11F70" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypsophrys</taxonomicName>
|
||
is no longer monotypic. The other species assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="775326D748A23B3D3639B177EDBBC3D6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80528E6-4EC5-48D2-9B49-38E85C7886AF" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neetroplus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by some recent authors,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E937B2BB32EFFBA4CB4238D41B94221" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">Cr. panamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is here regarded to belong in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F43E09A134E02C00F89350D65F8788A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:273F29E5-91F4-45BE-8447-659BDE8939E2" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptoheros Allgayer 2001" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptoheros</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E5CBB38FE615CA6DE71831845502816" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The availability of the name, the identity of the type species, the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B41FC3D88EE533CA19DCCA13C55AA012" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:78A238C5-DD67-4615-8467-E37D9AD456CB" family="Cichlidae" genus="Copora" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Copora Fernández-Yépez 1969:[4]" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Copora</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other issues were dealt with by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BCDE7E694C25D48183B41565D5D0ABBA" author="Kullander, S. O. & Hartel, K. E." pageNumber="3" pagination="193 - 202" refId="ref36034" refString="Kullander, S. O. & Hartel, K. E. (1997) The systematic status of cichlid genera described by Louis Agassiz in 1859: Amphilophus, Baiodon, Hypsophrys and Parachromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 7, 193 - 202." type="journal article" year="1997">Kullander and Hartel (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Further comments below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |