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<mods:title id="E0895EA385DFA83129AC5FFAA5709E3D">Atlas of European millipedes 2: Order Julida (Class Diplopoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0900EFFB6B05FEB3870AA2FB626F62DB">Kime, Richard Desmond</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="AE61D913FF2FFF49FDAE4F1EFB13FD6C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3867270" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164394113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3867270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE61D913FF2FFF49FDAE4F1EFB13FD6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE61D913FF2FFF49FDAE4F1EFB13FD6C" lastPageId="143" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<subSubSection id="6ED23B8EFF2FFF48FDAE4F1EFBBDFBB8" box="[515,1072,1100,1127]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FDAE4F1EFBBDFBB8" blockId="142.[515,1072,1100,1127]" box="[515,1072,1100,1127]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<heading id="7D3FDF69FF2FFF48FDAE4F1EFBBDFBB8" box="[515,1072,1100,1127]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
469.
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2FFF48FD934F1EFBBDFBB8" ID-CoL="9G5MC" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[574,1072,1100,1127]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Ommatoiulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosus">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FD934F1EFCECFBB8" bold="true" box="[574,865,1100,1127]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Ommatoiulus sabulosus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
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<subSubSection id="6ED23B8EFF2FFF48FF104FD4FDADFAAB" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FF104FD4FDB7FB7E" blockId="142.[189,607,1158,1396]" box="[189,570,1158,1185]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="06D84F2BFF2FFF48FF104FD4FDB7FB7E" box="[189,570,1158,1185]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<treatmentCitation id="A7694E14FF2FFF48FF104FD4FDB7FB7E" box="[189,570,1158,1185]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2FFF48FF104FD4FDB8FB7E" ID-CoL="61f8fee4-a035-4d7e-a8de-cdab3a5b058d" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[189,565,1158,1185]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Julus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosus">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FF104FD4FEFBFB7F" box="[189,374,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Julus sabulosus</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FF104FFBFDBDFB1C" blockId="142.[189,607,1158,1396]" box="[189,560,1193,1219]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="06D84F2BFF2FFF48FF104FFBFDBDFB1C" box="[189,560,1193,1219]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<treatmentCitation id="A7694E14FF2FFF48FF104FFBFDBDFB1C" box="[189,560,1193,1219]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2FFF48FF104FFBFDA1FB1C" authority="Risso, 1826" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" box="[189,556,1193,1219]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Iulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aimatopodus">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FF104FFBFE1AFB1C" box="[189,407,1193,1219]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Iulus aimatopodus</emphasis>
Risso, 1826
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FF104F9EFE64FB38" blockId="142.[189,607,1158,1396]" box="[189,489,1228,1255]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2FFF48FF104F9EFE24FB39" ID-CoL="7RRG8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[189,425,1228,1254]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Archiulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosus">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FF104F9EFE24FB39" box="[189,425,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Archiulus sabulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FF104FA2FE72FAD5" blockId="142.[189,607,1158,1396]" box="[189,511,1264,1290]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2FFF48FF104FA2FE4DFAD5" ID-CoL="7XTN6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[189,448,1264,1290]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Palaioiulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosus">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FF104FA2FE4DFAD5" box="[189,448,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Palaioiulus sabulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FF104E41FDA0FAF2" blockId="142.[189,607,1158,1396]" box="[189,557,1299,1325]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2FFF48FF104E41FE61FAF2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[189,492,1299,1325]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Schizophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosum">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FF104E41FE61FAF2" box="[189,492,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Schizophyllum sabulosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FF104E64FDD2FA8F" blockId="142.[189,607,1158,1396]" box="[189,607,1334,1360]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2FFF48FF104E64FDD7FA8F" ID-CoL="7RRG3" authority="Attems, 1927" authorityName="Attems" authorityYear="1927" box="[189,602,1334,1360]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Archiulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FF104E64FE3EFA8F" box="[189,435,1334,1360]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Archiulus irregularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FF2FFF48FE144E64FDD7FA8F" author="Attems C." box="[441,602,1334,1360]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 256" refId="ref54416" refString="Attems C. 1927. Uber palaearktische Diplopoden. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 92 A: 1 - 256." type="journal article" year="1927">Attems, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FF104E0BFDADFAAB" blockId="142.[189,607,1158,1396]" box="[189,544,1369,1396]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2FFF48FF104E0BFE6DFAAC" ID-CoL="7RRG3" baseAuthorityName="Attems" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[189,480,1369,1395]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Ommatoiulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FF104E0BFE6DFAAC" box="[189,480,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Ommatoiulus irregularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
auct.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6ED23B8EFF2FFF48FF104EC1FEFAF999" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FF104EC1FEDBFA72" blockId="142.[189,342,1427,1453]" box="[189,342,1427,1453]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<heading id="7D3FDF69FF2FFF48FF104EC1FEDBFA72" bold="true" box="[189,342,1427,1453]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FF104EC1FEDBFA72" bold="true" box="[189,342,1427,1453]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FF104E90FEFAF999" blockId="142.[189,1399,1474,1606]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
AL, AT, BA, BE, BG, BY,
<collectingCountry id="5EDF2895FF2FFF48FDA94E90FDBDFA03" box="[516,560,1474,1500]" name="Switzerland" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">CH</collectingCountry>
, CZ, DE, DK-DEN, ES-SPA, FI, FR-FRA, GB-CI, GB-GRB, GB-NI, HR, HU, IE, IT-ITA, LT, LU, LV, MC, MK, NL, NO-NOR, PL, RO, RU-KGD, RU-RUC, RU-RUE, RU-RUN, SB, SE, SI, SK, UA. Most of Europe, from the Mediterranean to the Boreal Zones and east to the Ural Mts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6ED23B8EFF2FFF48FF104D3EFBBDF810" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FF104D3EFE90F959" blockId="142.[189,285,1644,1670]" box="[189,285,1644,1670]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
<heading id="7D3FDF69FF2FFF48FF104D3EFE90F959" bold="true" box="[189,285,1644,1670]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FF104D3EFE90F959" bold="true" box="[189,285,1644,1670]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26776805FF2FFF48FF104DC9FBBDF810" blockId="142.[189,1399,1691,1999]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">
Eurytopic, with an altitudinal range of nearly
<quantity id="E130C5E0FF2FFF48FD484DC9FCCFF969" box="[741,834,1691,1718]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
, though it is particularly associated with warm habitats and sandy areas. It is often abundant in sand dune systems and is closely associated with heaths but may be found on limestone as well as sandstone. It is common in more or less open woods on lighter soils but, in
<collectingCountry id="5EDF2895FF2FFF48FEE04C57FE3FF8C0" box="[333,434,1797,1823]" name="Belgium" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Belgium</collectingCountry>
at least, it is almost never observed in large closed forests. Yet, in Eastern Europe it is dominant in some
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2FFF48FE624C7AFDBCF89D" box="[463,561,1832,1858]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FE624C7AFDBCF89D" box="[463,561,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2FFF48FDC04C7BFD3DF89D" box="[621,688,1833,1858]" class="Spermatopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Coniferales" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2FFF48FDC04C7BFD3DF89D" box="[621,688,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="143">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stands in the Byelovezskaya Puzcha (
<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FF2FFF48FBDB4C7AFAB6F89D" author="Tarasevich Y. L." box="[1142,1339,1832,1858]" pageId="142" pageNumber="143" pagination="213 - 218" refId="ref62383" refString="Tarasevich Y. L. 1992. Diplopoda in the associations of mixed forests in Byelorussia. Berichte des naturhistorisch-medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck, Supplementum 10: 213 - 218." type="journal article" year="1992">Tarasevich 1992</bibRefCitation>
) and it occurs in the taiga. Adults wander into a very wide variety of habitats from lowland woodlands and grasslands to alpine meadows, usually during the summer. In winter it appears to be more restricted to damper places occurring in the leaf litter and superficial layers of well drained soil. There are several references to its occurrence in wetlands and on moors, including peat bogs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6ED23B8EFF2EFF49FF104A59FB13FD6C" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="26776805FF2EFF49FF104A59FEA2FEFA" blockId="143.[189,303,267,293]" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="7D3FDF69FF2EFF49FF104A59FEA2FEFA" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" reason="3">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2EFF49FF104A59FEA2FEFA" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="26776805FF2EFF49FF104A68FB13FD6C" blockId="143.[189,1399,313,692]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
One of the most widely dispersed millipedes in Europe, from
<geoCoordinate id="43FC0EC2FF2EFF49FC0E4A68FC67FE8B" box="[931,1002,314,340]" degrees="38" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" precision="55555" value="38.0">38° N</geoCoordinate>
in Calabria to
<geoCoordinate id="43FC0EC2FF2EFF49FB0D4A6BFB6AFE8B" box="[1184,1255,313,340]" degrees="64" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" precision="55555" value="64.0">64° N</geoCoordinate>
in the taiga of
<collectingCountry id="5EDF2895FF2EFF49FF4D4A0EFEB3FEA9" box="[224,318,348,374]" name="Finland" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Finland</collectingCountry>
. It has not yet been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="5EDF2895FF2EFF49FD5C4A0FFCCAFEA8" box="[753,839,349,375]" name="Greece" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Greece</collectingCountry>
, some major Mediterranean islands and much of
<collectingCountry id="5EDF2895FF2EFF49FF4C4AD2FEA5FE45" box="[225,296,384,410]" name="Georgia" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Iberia</collectingCountry>
, where many other species of
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2EFF49FD094AD2FCCFFE45" authorityName="Latzel" authorityYear="1884" box="[676,834,384,410]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Ommatoiulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2EFF49FD094AD2FCCFFE45" box="[676,834,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Ommatoiulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur. Records from
<collectingCountry id="5EDF2895FF2EFF49FBE24AD2FB3FFE45" box="[1103,1202,384,410]" name="Portugal" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Portugal</collectingCountry>
are not reliable (N. Akkari, pers. comm.) It is active in summer when many other species are dormant, spatially very patchy and it undergoes large population fluctuations. Mass swarming has been observed on many occasions (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FF2EFF49FE2D4ABBFDD5FDDB" author="Ehrnsberger R." box="[384,600,489,516]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" pagination="199 - 203" refId="ref56158" refString="Ehrnsberger R. 2002. Massenauftreten und Wanderung des Diplopoden Ommatoiulus sabulosus in Westniedersachsen. Osnabrucker Naturwissenschaftliche Mitteilungen 28: 199 - 203." type="journal article" year="2002">Ehrnsberger 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FF2EFF49FDC54ABBFD67FDDB" author="Helb H. W." box="[616,746,489,516]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" pagination="376 - 381" refId="ref57993" refString="Helb H. W. 1975. Zum Massenauftreten von Schizophyllum sabulosum im Saarland. Entomologica Germanica 1: 376 - 381." type="journal article" year="1975">Helb 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FF2EFF49FD574ABBFC7AFDDB" author="Kania G. &amp; Tracz H." box="[762,1015,489,516]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" pagination="57 - 66" refId="ref58595" refString="Kania G. &amp; Tracz H. 2005. Mass occurrence and migration of Ommatoiulus sabulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae) in Poland. Peckiana 4: 57 - 66." type="journal article" year="2005">Kania &amp; Tracz 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FF2EFF49FBAB4ABBFB54FDDB" author="Voigtlander K." box="[1030,1241,489,516]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" pagination="181 - 187" refId="ref63284" refString="Voigtlander K. 2005. Mass occurrences and swarming behaviour of millipedes (Diplopoda: Julidae) in Eastern Germany. Peckiana 5: 181 - 187." type="journal article" year="2005">Voigtländer 2005</bibRefCitation>
). An entirely black form without the two characteristic orange dorsal stripes,
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2EFF49FC75495FFB8DFDF8" box="[984,1024,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">O.s.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2EFF49FC52495FFADFFDF8" authority="(Risso, 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[1023,1362,524,551]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Iulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aimatopodus">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2EFF49FC52495FFB12FDF8" box="[1023,1183,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">aimatopodus</emphasis>
(Risso, 1826)
</taxonomicName>
, is known from some southern departments of
<collectingCountry id="5EDF2895FF2EFF49FD184962FC84FD95" box="[693,777,560,586]" name="France" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">France</collectingCountry>
. We treat
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2EFF49FCD54962FB95FD95" baseAuthorityName="Attems" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[888,1048,560,586]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Ommatoiulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2EFF49FCD54962FB95FD95" box="[888,1048,560,586]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">O. irregularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2EFF49FB4D4962FAFAFD95" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1248,1399,560,586]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Palaioiulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosus">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2EFF49FB4D4962FAFAFD95" box="[1248,1399,560,586]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">O. sabulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the advice of Nesrine Akkari, who has seen Attems
<typeStatus id="F973D6A7FF2EFF49FCF84906FC05FDB1" box="[853,904,596,622]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">type</typeStatus>
specimen.
<taxonomicName id="E1C81386FF2EFF49FBA24901FB3EFDB2" baseAuthorityName="Attems" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1039,1203,595,621]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Ommatoiulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2EFF49FBA24901FB3EFDB2" box="[1039,1203,595,621]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">O. irregularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was included in the Italian checklist (
<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FF2EFF49FE1E4924FD5EFD4F" author="Strasser C. &amp; Minelli A." box="[435,723,630,656]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" pagination="193 - 212" refId="ref61938" refString="Strasser C. &amp; Minelli A. 1984. Elenco dei diplopodi d'Italia. Lavori Societa veneziana Scienze naturali 9: 193 - 212." type="journal article" year="1984">Strasser &amp; Minelli 1984</bibRefCitation>
) with a question mark, but excluded from the later list of
<bibRefCitation id="425915F4FF2EFF49FF1049CBFE27FD6B" author="Foddai D. &amp; Minelli A. &amp; Scheller U. &amp; Zapparoli M." box="[189,426,665,692]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" pagination="32" refId="ref57437" refString="Foddai D., Minelli A., Scheller U. &amp; Zapparoli M. 1995. Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Pauropoda, Symphyla. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. &amp; La Posta S. (eds) Checklist delle Specie della Fauna italiana 32. Calderini, Bologna." type="book chapter" year="1995">
Foddai
<emphasis id="14BCB417FF2EFF49FEBB49C8FEDCFD6C" box="[278,337,665,691]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
. Numerous other forms have been named but are not listed here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>