383 lines
46 KiB
XML
383 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="4ECD0E0DBA8B20135308376E520F5BB4" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8032" ID-PMC="PMC4934140" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--8032" ID-PubMed="27433124" ID-ZooBank="5AE871B646CB4BEF8E4D19C0F05BDBFA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e8032" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Stigmatomma Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region" checkinTime="1585357386748" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Esteves, Flavia A. & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2016" docId="AE0D3D70EBADD44169D675BC66CA76A6" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e8032" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e8032" docTitle="Stigmatomma besucheti" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8032" masterDocId="FFAD0B3F0C26FFD799468A217748AA14" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of Stigmatomma Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region" masterLastPageNumber="8032" masterPageNumber="8032" pageNumber="8032" updateTime="1701318565826" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8E4EDB239DEF5FA55B49E61C0667CCDF">Taxonomic revision of Stigmatomma Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E614F7DC5EC5BBD8D17DE9E30A4133C9">Esteves, Flavia A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="721D728D094FA9B0F845905B0233F1F8">Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9237B8D2C42275B759FB7AD3BF126E07">Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C652FDBCDB9B82785DA2C708ACDFEB69">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AE0D3D70EBADD44169D675BC66CA76A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE0D3D70EBADD44169D675BC66CA76A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE0D3D70EBADD44169D675BC66CA76A6" lastPageNumber="8032" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
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<subSubSection id="9ABFCD2F2C5767E5191E2177538DEC66" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F0EF1FD1E1783165ECB47BC679C2434C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
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<taxonomicName id="6C43666BC128D595B6A018BD8973C341" authority="Baroni Urbani 1978" authorityYear="1978" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stigmatomma besucheti" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="besucheti">Stigmatomma besucheti (Baroni Urbani 1978)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BB14C0F4FB454C84258DB80102B89092" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C20946ABC67CA323FE99FB8B5465AC84" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
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<taxonomicName id="93C5E60AC818B2D34F7A6440D7FEAF17" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Amblyopone" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amblyopone besucheti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="besucheti">Amblyopone besucheti</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="F914C06A6DEAD17DF7A606E69F0D09A8" author="Baroni Urbani, C." journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" pagination="39 - 51" title="Contributo alla conoscenza del genere Amblyopone Erichson (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" volume="51" year="1978">Baroni Urbani 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 49, figs. 15, 16. Holotype (worker, CASENT0101816): SEYCHELLES: Ile de la Digue, 28.Jan.1975, P. Schauenberg leg. Paratypes: 9 workers; same data as holotype.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DE6F3C472B76562C7343F65014ABE015" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
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<taxonomicName id="C70B22D2A1ED4B8CFB308AF73C84807C" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stigmatomma besucheti" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="besucheti">Stigmatomma besucheti</taxonomicName>
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Combination in
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<taxonomicName id="5660051C3BA7F08C3CDC242B1B226C05" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stigmatomma" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Stigmatomma</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="194A33346856A57D259E6D1583319371" author="Yoshimura, Masashi" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" pagination=": e 33325" title="A Revision of Male Ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with Resurrections of the Genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer" volume="7" year="2012">Yoshimura and Fisher 2012b</bibRefCitation>
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: 19.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="6FA941B4A224F27D1DE376A5DC9DB2D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Materials</paragraph>
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Type status:
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Type status:
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|
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<collectionCode id="E7B7337F69A7F678900BBCB788957949" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">NHMB</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="EE4C6D03D53E9AEA966B13D6E3FFA31E" collectingDate="1975-01-28" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="P. Schauenberg" country="Seychelles" latitude="-4.359097" location="Ile de la Digue" longitude="55.841244" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" specimenCode="casent 0906834" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||
Type status:
|
||
<typeStatus id="F7623F46742630AD8D4B106A130FF24A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DFFE51260915B442B815B9D67DD1EDED" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">casent0906834</specimenCode>
|
||
; recordedBy:
|
||
<collectorName id="9568F87C36529134FB69D6642D551DB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">P. Schauenberg</collectorName>
|
||
; sex:
|
||
<specimenType id="98E9CC568AB7E04FAA2B70D92C91D718" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">1w</specimenType>
|
||
; preparations: pin; associatedMedia: http://www.antweb.org/specimen/casent0906834; Taxon: scientificName: Stigmatommabesucheti; genus: Stigmatomma; Location: country:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="35616F1B09C1E915EADE207432DC0036" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
; locality:
|
||
<location id="83B075AC1BB61B5A725A986825059D77" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE0D3D70EBADD44169D675BC66CA76A6:83B075AC1BB61B5A725A986825059D77" country="Seychelles" latitude="-4.359097" longitude="55.841244" name="Ile de la Digue" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Ile de la Digue</location>
|
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; decimalLatitude:
|
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<geoCoordinate id="9AF2907512DDF61C90D043C739EF3EE0" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" value="-4.359097">-4.359097</geoCoordinate>
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; decimalLongitude:
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|
||
; georeferenceRemarks: coordinates obtained from Google Earth; Event: eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate id="F4287A2166DFBA5B92A9DF0E3EEE1DFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" value="1975-01-28">01/28/1975</collectingDate>
|
||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode id="773FE4811477E80C99088A0F3719AD65" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">NHMB</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="28D389E3B6C260BC26B43DAD7485ACDD" collectingDate="1975-01-28" collectionCode="NHMB" collectorName="P. Schauenberg" country="Seychelles" latitude="-4.359097" location="Ile de la Digue" longitude="55.841244" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" specimenCode="casent 0906835" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratype">
|
||
Type status:
|
||
<typeStatus id="D6BBAEC4303561EA478530F6D960A1BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DEDCAA99FF472E8889B897DF38E89E8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">casent0906835</specimenCode>
|
||
; recordedBy:
|
||
<collectorName id="BE30EA88C3383E43F747225B61201A64" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">P. Schauenberg</collectorName>
|
||
; sex:
|
||
<specimenType id="B3A35E1EBDE801F0498CAFE6300E4FB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">1w</specimenType>
|
||
; preparations: pin; associatedMedia: http://www.antweb.org/specimen/casent0906835; Taxon: scientificName: Stigmatommabesucheti; genus: Stigmatomma; Location: country:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="13C8B2F3BFC5F240943C3C83C1967810" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
; locality:
|
||
<location id="2A58043E2AD2DD98E4B94C3002E6795F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE0D3D70EBADD44169D675BC66CA76A6:2A58043E2AD2DD98E4B94C3002E6795F" country="Seychelles" latitude="-4.359097" longitude="55.841244" name="Ile de la Digue" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Ile de la Digue</location>
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; decimalLatitude:
|
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<geoCoordinate id="C68FE36CF9B3AA2492AE59D13875DA0C" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" value="-4.359097">-4.359097</geoCoordinate>
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; decimalLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate id="CF54DE98F7E201213F0D0E86439610B1" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" value="55.841242">55.841242</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; georeferenceRemarks: coordinates obtained from Google Earth; Event: eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate id="7C42EA0697E49852BE58467BB4A38494" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" value="1975-01-28">01/28/1975</collectingDate>
|
||
; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode id="1074518914A00EB36B3B2830F6B5D3CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">NHMB</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="343216E6CAC191599E87D32A21F5341A" collectingDate="1964-01-06" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="D. H. Murphy" country="Singapore" latitude="1.28333" location="Univ. Campus Singapore; (ANIC 32 - 016286)" longitude="103.767" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" specimenCode="casent 0172194" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||
Type status:
|
||
<typeStatus id="4A70E21CF733BD8849716B2341800385" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||
<specimenCode id="5F1AE8B247B174FEEF3184A919E2DD91" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">casent0172194</specimenCode>
|
||
; recordedBy:
|
||
<collectorName id="8B3C70ECEA6399737AF1382DBD1ACA3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">D.H.Murphy</collectorName>
|
||
; sex:
|
||
<specimenType id="EBFAD5F90997E448AF0D608F79445BB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">1w</specimenType>
|
||
; preparations: pin; otherCatalogNumbers: anic32-016286; associatedMedia: http://www.antweb.org/specimen/CASENT0172194; Taxon: scientificName: Stigmatommacf.besucheti; genus: Stigmatomma; Location: country:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="895B3214E08A4F6E2AAFCA18EEC3CFA3" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
; locality:
|
||
<location id="C9EE139AD647C48342B356E85B0F8956" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE0D3D70EBADD44169D675BC66CA76A6:C9EE139AD647C48342B356E85B0F8956" country="Singapore" latitude="1.28333" longitude="103.767" name="Univ. Campus Singapore; (ANIC 32 - 016286)" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Univ. Campus Singapore; (ANIC32-016286)</location>
|
||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="503BE2144B9707202AEA5DDB6510797C" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" value="1.28333">1.28333</geoCoordinate>
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||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5F0DD83309070F552CADC8E0F80B48A5" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" value="103.767">103.767</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; georeferenceRemarks: 10km; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||
<determinerName id="2191B7C27A02496AE7C3B7C2FA2A5973" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">R.W. Taylor</determinerName>
|
||
; dateIdentified: 12/06/1978; Event: eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate id="74419C8922016FBFDA9BAC6AEB8FF77B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" value="1964-01-06">06/01/1964</collectingDate>
|
||
; habitat: Imperata grassland; eventRemarks: soil; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode id="0BB1932BF8C8F3F0AEDB8593BB0447E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="161FD8EF9AC22C280745CCEE5D39D0A2" collectingDate="1965-04-10" collectionCode="ANIC" collectorName="D. H. Murphy" country="Singapore" latitude="1.38333" location="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve" longitude="103.8" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" specimenCode="casent 0195513" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||
Type status:
|
||
<typeStatus id="B4E8E9857A65B9A3CBE91DC0F397AB95" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||
. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
|
||
<specimenCode id="EAC4BFB67FB4DD6D31B8A8F18FAABA20" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">casent0195513</specimenCode>
|
||
; recordedBy:
|
||
<collectorName id="DBD9EE14C2CEB04BFA581B8DE01B6EA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">D.H.Murphy</collectorName>
|
||
; sex:
|
||
<specimenType id="7CAB74914E9672E4A9616CBF54410084" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">1dq</specimenType>
|
||
; preparations: pin; otherCatalogNumbers: anic32-016287; associatedMedia: http://www.antweb.org/specimen/CASENT0195513; Taxon: scientificName: Stigmatommacf.besucheti; genus: Stigmatomma; Location: country:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CD17816186A6B10ABDE58388342201F" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
; locality:
|
||
<location id="FA8C410499F5036AAF288A14E3CF7F2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE0D3D70EBADD44169D675BC66CA76A6:FA8C410499F5036AAF288A14E3CF7F2B" country="Singapore" latitude="1.38333" longitude="103.8" name="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</location>
|
||
; decimalLatitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0C2725AFBA0E2206A417C127216FC303" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" value="1.38333">1.38333</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; decimalLongitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EC3445CAF1ACEB6C2B846CC99C5BB58E" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" value="103.8">103.8</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; georeferenceRemarks: 10km; Identification: identifiedBy:
|
||
<determinerName id="75933BCCD9F466B669208B10E0F5C9DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">R.W. Taylor</determinerName>
|
||
; dateIdentified: 12/07/1978; Event: eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate id="5C5C29429055B7F1799CCC7D23D1498A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" value="1965-04-10">10/04/1965</collectingDate>
|
||
; habitat: degraded coastal hill forest; eventRemarks: on grantite, berlesate No I24; Record Level: institutionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode id="1089C3179DBAE5A7092E42220F4DBFAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">ANIC</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F78842D54DCC5EA3C75E1B3A6FC576A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="599161D6A355B4E9B52E37328B531D9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Description</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9FDDC36756A342DC8A9791283228EA71" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Worker (Fig. 20): HL: 0.38-0.40; HW: 0.28-0.29; HW2: 0.26-0.27; SL: 0.18-0.19; ML: 0.20-0.22; WL: 0.41-0.43; PPW: 0.15-0.16; PtL: 0.14-0.15; PtW: 0.16-0.16; CI: 71.36-73.54; SI: 46.04-48.68; MI: 52.26-55.45; PtI: 90.00-92.50.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C0A572E18B12AFA1B057C9E2D47BCDD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Head:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F5FE5AB9289D87AC8B1155302B038DA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Mandibular baso-masticatory margin skirted dorsally by row of filiform setae; medially, by flexuous tongue-like setae; ventrally, by flexuous filiform setae, grading into flexuous tongue-like setae apically (Fig. 21a, b). Mandibular dentition arrangement, from base to apex: two single teeth (same size of teeth arranged in pairs); four pairs of teeth (each pair with same dimensions, fused basally); single preapical tooth; apical tooth (Fig. 21a). Pair of teeth with similar dimensions along mandible's basoapical axis. Anterior clypeal margin with three cuticular processes arranged in a single row, armed anteriorly with asymmetrical mucronate dentiform seta; followed laterally by a notch on the anterior clypeal margin (Fig. 21a). Most lateral portion of anterior clypeal margin armed with row of conical setae arising from flat cuticle (or from reduced tubercle-like cuticular processes), decreasing in size laterad. Clypeal cuticular processes with approximately same length of associated dentiform setae. Long filiform setae pair on clypeal median area, posterior to central-most pair of cuticular processes on clypeal anterior margin. Shorter filiform pair of setae on clypeal median area, between longer pair of setae and frontal lobes. Median area of clypeus extending posteriorly between antennal sockets as narrow longitudinal strip; frontoclypeal sulcus acute (Fig. 21c). Supraclypeal area as small oblong depression (Fig. 21c). Ten antennomeres. Genal teeth absent. Compound eyes absent. Palpal formula: 2:2 (two maxillary, two labial; Fig. 21d).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1C86D981068A5E8E14C90FCC3F11DB4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Mesosoma:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="56E3D9D954292EE601AB42A7DF33BA9D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">In dorsal view, mesonotum somewhat expanded laterally (Fig. 22a). Metanotal suture absent. Sulcus dividing mesepisternum into anepisternum and katepisternum; dorsoposterior corner of katepisternum not rounded (Fig. 22b). Metathoracic spiracle slit-like, surrounded by cuticular swell, projected posteriorly, inserted in a concavity. Propodeal spiracle round, surrounded by a cuticular swell. Propodeal declivitous face slightly concave (Fig. 22a).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D31B1260ECA2ED98ED2958ADCD70CE8A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Legs:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CEB7528882DF85284C72CBFB341E607D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Absence of lamella on basoventral margin of calcar of strigil (Fig. 23a). Calcar of strigil anterior face with squamiform microtrichia basally (Fig. 23a); posterior face mostly glabrous (Fig. 23b). Multiple paddle-like setae on anteroventral face of protibial apex, next to calcar of strigil. Multiple paddle-like setae on anterior face of probasitarsus; row of stout setae along posterior face, next to comb of strigil. Mesotibial spur absent; apex of mesotibial inner face with deep fovea (Fig. 23c). Slit-like longitudinal sulcus on anterodorsal face of mesobasitarsus, with apical end projected laterally (Fig. 23c). Two metatibial spurs; anterior spur simple with lanceolate microtrichia; posterior spur pectinate (Fig. 23d). Anterior face of posterior metatibial spur glabrous (Fig. 23d); posterior face with antler-like microtrichia dorsoapically (Fig. 23e). Dorsal face of metabasitarsus with two parallel carinae with convergent apexes (Fig. 23f). Brush of few stout paddle-like setae on baso-inner face of metabasitarsus (Fig. 23e). Arolium on pro-, meso-, and metapretarsus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="36C60172D280AE5723340F8E2E3C376A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Metasoma:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="80AB33A842F25AE7B7BC7A5C70739391" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Petiole sessile (Fig. 24a). Ventroanterior margin of petiolar tergite anterior dorso-latero-ventral carina (Ward 1990) 2x the size of anterior margin of subpetiolar process, in lateral view (Fig. 24a). Subpetiolar process with obtuse angle at midpoint of its ventral margin (fin-like; Fig. 24a). Absence of fenestra on lateral face of subpetiolar process. Petiolar proprioceptor zone reduced to small round concavity bearing few sensilla (Fig. 24b). Prora present (Fig. 24c). Smooth sulcus between pretergite and postergite of abdominal segment III; weakly scrobiculate sulci between presclerites and postsclerites of abdominal segment IV (Fig. 24c). Five to six stout spiniform setae on apex of hypopygium (Fig. 24d).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="98C3FCDFA987A79FC36078EE5F9CE3F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Sculpture:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03DBE2A017B28A78DC448A6321E20A8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Mandibular dorsal face costate-slightly catenate basally, grading into costate apically except for smooth apical portion (Fig. 21a). Clypeal median area smooth, grading into costate to rugose laterally (Fig. 21a). Supraclypeal area smooth (Fig. 21c). Head, in dorsal view, taeniate-catenate; area posterior to tentorial pit plicate (Fig. 21c). Labrum weakly imbricate (Fig. 25a). Mesosoma in dorsal view and lateral face of pronotum foveolate (Fig. 22). Anepisternum smooth; katepisternum mostly imbricate; metapleuron costate posteriorly; lateral face of propodeum smooth, grading into imbricate posteroventrally (Fig. 22b); declivitous face of propodeum smooth (Fig. 22a). Petiolar tergite imbricate ventroanteriorly, grading into weakly and scarcely foveate dorsally and posteriorly (Figs 24a, 25b). Petiolar laterotergite imbricate; petiolar poststernite mostly areolate, grading into smooth ventrally (Fig. 24b). Most of gaster weakly foveolate (Fig. 25c).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="907F94ECE250B2081572CDED7775441E" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Pilosity and color:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="351B51CD4F024B18124125BF67D208D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Suberect pilosity on head, dorsal face of mesosoma, lateral face of pronotum, petiolar tergite, and abdominal segments III, IV, V, and VI. Legs densely covered by subdecumbent pilosity. Suberect pilosity on anterior half of petiolar poststernite. Longer pilosity on abdominal segment VII. Body color yellow.</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="F7F198E694A6A1780A18347310A27A94" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" type="comments on character variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="FDDD13E81BD3D0FB7980B9DF232335DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Comments on character variation</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1CF7D90C2C7EFBB17D87145FDD319A8A" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Character variation among specimens was minimal.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="90026C70759EBA501680EB9A8ADEE143" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" type="other castes">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7AF25781BF4BBD5CF0F49ADDD9B927E" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Other castes</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="96B9DD153CDDC950848BA7DAA5F83454" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
|
||
Unknown for the Malagasy region. However, a gyne of a putative
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5CF0A0B1240A2F44DB9B3A0BCFD4407" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stigmatomma besucheti" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="besucheti">Stigmatomma besucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known for Singapore, as presented below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E534FFE6E0868C97727F0AF53F015910" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="3641087CEEB586401BCF98ED46B9E366" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Diagnosis</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF7EBB1F193939CF83DE1FFEA7EA6EB4" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
|
||
With characters of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C29D63299B46D092F5001B2E0939FF8" lsidName="besucheti" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" rank="species" species="besucheti">besucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
species-group as described above and the following characters (asterisks flag unique characters within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D65E4690E62BCC17A4522347F3DA1E2E" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stigmatomma" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Stigmatomma</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Malagasy bioregion):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7DB6A081C924130F47C07CFF74E8AE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Integument yellow; small-sized ant (HL: 0.38-0.40, WL: 0.41-0.43; Fig. 20).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B18A40261AA78A6CA67B7882F2383EE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
|
||
Pairs of teeth of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1A75660A8720AC38A7EBE8BF119B468A" originalValue="mandible’s">mandible's</normalizedToken>
|
||
baso-masticatory margin the same size along
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CA68F0C0577EAF41D91F227678081317" originalValue="mandible’s">mandible's</normalizedToken>
|
||
basoapical axis (Fig. 21a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C653F54FF55DA4458DCAB8B23EAE45E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
|
||
* Tongue-like setae medially inserted on
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D788167F734DC4AA9F8386167AFEA3F9" originalValue="mandible’s">mandible's</normalizedToken>
|
||
baso-mastigatory margin (Fig. 21b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A75587C65426441241E58FDB106D3383" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">* Dorsal face of the head densely taeniate-catenate (Fig. 21c).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5888284672F632F8122758C559F43464" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Genal teeth absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="321D1F8DCE5FBCF44B6AED73977D4F24" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">* Palpal formula 2:2 (Fig. 21d).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="09A571E140B549286C049B7699934130" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Dorsal face of mesosoma and lateral face of propotum foveolate; declivitous face of propodeum smooth; lateral face of propodeum mostly smooth (Fig. 22).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4015A582FD4FD053830A25C45C394C30" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Mesepisternum divided by a sulcus into anepisternum and katepisternum (Fig. 22b).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="919A511616D9267E37F518F537A98931" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">* Mesotibial spur absent (Fig. 23c).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C44057037DB84CDF3792F6FFF79F9685" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">* Apex of mesotibial inner face bearing a deep fovea; absence of any enlarged process ressembling a spur (Fig. 23c).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9273F2C5A38640EF034AFF5EA640B54D" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Slit-like sulcus present on the anterior face of mesobasitarsus, with apical end projected laterally (Fig. 23c).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E4BFD2C309EFDB95FBB98B51791ABC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Anterior face of posterior metatibial spur glabrous; posterior face with antler-like microtrichia dorsoapically (Fig. 23d, e).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FAB40CA078BDA450DFAAA0E382840132" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Brush of few stout, paddle-like setae present on the baso-inner face of metabasitarsus.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="576756429BBC008748412885B494689B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Absence of fenestra on lateral face of subpetiolar process (Fig. 24a).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9CB375177F55DED6CBAB5EF7ACFF6F1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Subpetiolar process fin-like: half of its ventral margin obtusely angled.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24247C1A0F03E87556FBB3C0AC87C306" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Presence of 5-6 stout spiniform setae on apex of hypopygium (Fig. 24d).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7AF2F8446EF5FAA9706C727606D3A8A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
|
||
In the Malagasy bioregion,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B4DC78A0F112E4662F75E18425C71A6" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stigmatomma besucheti" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="besucheti">Stigmatomma besucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique and easily recognized by: reduced number of antennomeres, palpal formula, head sculpture, absence of any enlarged process ressembling a spur on the apex of the mesotibia, petiolar proprioceptor zone reduced to a small concavity, and small body size. Further, it does not occur in sympatry with any other congener.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A42BF3E0E4E09EB5A2046E3BC259694B" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B392CEB313CEDB628A7C1BD8E36CFD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7A2BA301625822BF26361CC6964CE576" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F053082CE845FB1605752443C7118748" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stigmatomma besucheti" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="besucheti">Stigmatomma besucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known by its type series, collected in Seychelles by Schauenberg in 1975 (Fig. 26), and two specimens collected in Singapore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EBCF011994B47BC748815128FB9A359F" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
|
||
While no direct information about habitat/microhabitat exists, published records of other organisms collected by Schauenberg on La Digue island on 28.Jan.1975 indicate the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD964AD3DA33A37B68C6557EF2042D35" lsidName="S. besucheti" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" rank="species" species="besucheti">S. besucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
was probably extracted from soil samples submitted to Berlese funnels (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92416020F4DDA37982A998140EFB8535" author="Mahunka, S." journalOrPublisher="Rev. Suisse Zool" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" pagination="307 - 340" title="Neue und interessante Milben aus dem Genfer Museum XXXIV. A compendium of the oribatid (Acari) fauna of Mauritius, Reunion and the Seychelles Is II" volume="85" year="1978">Mahunka 1978b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="56DA5A4063DD6CB9A54FF0D68FD4AF2A" author="Mahunka, S." journalOrPublisher="Rev. Suisse Zool" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" pagination="177 - 236" title="Neue und interessante Milden aus dem Genfer Museum XXVII. A first survey of the oribatid (Acari) fauna of Mauritius, Reunion and the Seychelles I" volume="85" year="1978">Mahunka 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A520C0A0128732FF073E0DE937F162EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">The two specimens from Singapore (a worker and a queen; CASENT0172194 and CASENT0195513, respectively) share remarkable similarities with the type specimens (e.g., antennomeres, general body shape and size, sculpture on the head, lack of any spiniform process on the mesotibial inner apex). However, those specimens differ in the following characters (corresponding characters of type specimens are presented within parentheses):</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D24B54EDB1EDF1874DDA4D5FE21D554" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Three mandibular pairs of teeth (four pairs of teeth) (Fig. 27a).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="337744FC67F8411D40408CA916655272" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">The posterior-most pair of long filiform setae on the clypeus of the Singapore specimens is much longer (Fig. 27a).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E45D2E2356E5E29D1BA6267CC74C2CD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Supraclypeal area as a longer oblong depression (small oblong depression) (Fig. 27a).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="94D0FC1F53B6F7F7C848245E84D9FE39" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">Anterior face of posterior metatibial spur glabrous; posterior face glabrous (anterior face glabrous; posterior face with antler-like microtrichia dorsoapically) (Fig. 27b).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E5A5B3916D1A5F6567833BDDE090F50" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
|
||
Despite these differences, we did not examine enough specimens of each form to evaluate character variation, and therefore cannot affirm they are different species. Also, while it seems improbable that a specialized predator would become an exotic species, it is noteworthy that: (1) the putative prey of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42C1CAAA74D8108CF41B504809E2FAC6" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stigmatomma besucheti" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="besucheti">Stigmatomma besucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e., geophilomorph centipedes) are widespread around the world and a major component of soil ecosystems (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5ABE2429E1A402F605278BD5971ED57B" author="Bonato, Lucio" journalOrPublisher="Cladistics" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" pagination="485 - 507" title="Phylogeny of Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda) inferred from new morphological and molecular evidence" volume="30" year="2013">Bonato et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and (2) global trade is known to profoundly influence the movement of species around the world (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC064F88D33C236C5B919FD5CAD1E418" author="McNeely, J. A." journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" title="A Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species" year="2001">McNeely et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and plant seeds and other organisms were inadvertently dispersed in the soil used as ballast in early shipping (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="87272053A44CC72E8DAD1A960F221CB6" author="McNeely, J. A." journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" title="A Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species" year="2001">McNeely et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Seychelles have historically occupied a strategic position along Indian Ocean trade routes, providing coaling/fuelling stations for ships bringing goods from the East to Europe and North America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="38DE64E2FE3DDCE012EC688DEC58D020" author="Ofcansky, T. P." editor="Metz, H. C." journalOrPublisher="Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" title="Indian Ocean: five island countries" year="1995">Ofcansky 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF0C8731368B9F6E3AC21917A68203A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032">
|
||
In addition to the specimens collected in Singapore, there is single specimen collected in Sabah (Borneo; CASENT0235146) that resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF0862893B11627301B828F89B28E607" class="Eurotiomycetes" family="Verrucariaceae" genus="Stigmatomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Stigmatomma besucheti" order="Verrucariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="besucheti">Stigmatomma besucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the number of antennomeres, head sculpture, mandible and clypeal configuration, size, and color, but differs in some significant characters of the petiole. Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="224D1FEC7E173EB15353BA2D955C9854" lsidName="S. besucheti" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" rank="species" species="besucheti">S. besucheti</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the anteroventral margin of petiolar tergite anterior dorso-latero-ventral carina is much shorter, and the shape of the subpetiolar process is different. Unfortunately, specimen CASENT0235146 was previously submitted to DNA extraction (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6DF3B0172EC2A6EBEFD938BE04C5D774" author="Ward, P. S." journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="8032" pagination="683 - 693" title="Tales of dracula ants: the evolutionary history of the ant subfamily Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" volume="41" year="2016">Ward and Fisher 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is too fragile for a thorough examination.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |