476 lines
56 KiB
XML
476 lines
56 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9DF6748832B5A078B62346E0518A80C2">A new species of Acarnus Gray, 1867 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Acarnidae) from NE Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2FEE8475B39DEE7ADF449CE7E5EB11EA">Nascimento, Elielton</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="520FBC35241980AFA6FCDD6857AF79A2">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3074388E01EBF7E99F9E19C98E234170" type="email">biologoefn@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0B2035F46014EA29ECAAE56A7C384B9A">Pinheiro, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ED1BBCA6C9DB29CFED4A52D54E6C0869">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C8E5B2BBC717301C4F393749E4AD52BB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B2F52871CAE660CB47A6EAE5384716A1">2023</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="254C36DE0C27FFCEFF66FD7DC55DFCB9" blockId="8.[151,614,762,825]" box="[151,614,762,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
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<heading id="7E0481B20C27FFCEFF66FD7DC55DFCB9" bold="true" box="[151,614,762,789]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C27FFCEFF66FD7DC55DFCB9" ID-CoL="932C" authority="Boury-Esnault, 1973" authorityName="Boury-Esnault" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,614,762,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
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<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFF66FD7DC55DFCB9" bold="true" box="[151,614,762,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
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<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFF66FD7DC666FCB8" bold="true" box="[151,349,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Acarnus toxeata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="41624B2F0C27FFCEFE94FD7DC55DFCB9" author="Boury-Esnault, N." box="[357,614,762,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="263 - 295" refId="ref10355" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Resultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne de la ' Calypso' au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 49 (Supplement 10), 263 - 295." type="journal article" year="1973">Boury-Esnault, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6DE965550C27FFCEFF66FC99C650FC94" box="[151,363,798,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" type="description">
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<paragraph id="254C36DE0C27FFCEFF66FC99C650FC94" blockId="8.[151,614,762,825]" box="[151,363,798,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
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(
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<figureCitation id="BDC82A5B0C27FFCEFF6EFC99C63FFC94" box="[159,260,798,825]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[211,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[323,1263,181,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-26@10.[323,1263,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973 (UFBA 2705).A, Preserved specimen; B, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome. Scale, A, 1 cm; B, 390 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973 (UFBA 2705). A, Style. B, Tylote. C, Detail of Style. D, Detail of tylote. E, Cladotylote I. F, Cladotylote II. G, Isochelae. H, Oxhorn toxa. I, Thin deeply curved toxa. J, Accolada toxa. Scale: A, C, E, F, 50 μm; B, D, 10; G, H, I, J, 20 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961451" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961455" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7961451/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7961455/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="687103650C27FFCEFEFEFC99C659FC94" box="[271,354,799,825]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[152,244,634,660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparative morphological and spicule dimensions, and distribution data for valid published species in the Acarnus “tortilis” group of species. Values are in micrometers (µm), expressed as minimum–maximum or minimum–average–maximum length/width. References are numbered in parentheses and listed at the bottom of the table." pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Table 3</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="254C36DE0C27FFCEFF66FCD8C492FCDB" blockId="8.[151,937,862,886]" box="[151,937,862,886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="05E311F00C27FFCEFF66FCD8C492FCDB" box="[151,937,862,886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
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<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C27FFCEFF66FCD8C570FCDB" ID-CoL="932C" authority="Boury-Esnault, 1973: 285" authorityName="Boury-Esnault" authorityPageNumber="285" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,587,862,886]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
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<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFF66FCD8C606FCDB" box="[151,317,862,886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Acarnus toxeata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="41624B2F0C27FFCEFEB2FCD8C570FCDB" author="Boury-Esnault, N." box="[323,587,862,886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="263 - 295" refId="ref10355" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Resultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne de la ' Calypso' au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 49 (Supplement 10), 263 - 295." type="journal article" year="1973">Boury-Esnault, 1973: 285</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 44.
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<treatmentCitation id="A45210CF0C27FFCEFD55FCD8C49FFCDB" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Hooper, J. N. A. & Hiemstra, F." box="[676,932,862,886]" page="62" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="41624B2F0C27FFCEFD55FCD8C49FFCDB" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Hooper, J. N. A. & Hiemstra, F." box="[676,932,862,886]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="49 - 88" refId="ref12120" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Hooper, J. N. A. & Hiemstra, F. (1991) Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the marine sponge genus Acarnus (Porifera: Poecilosclerida). Beaufortia, 42 (3), 49 - 88." type="journal article" year="1991">
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Van Soest
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<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFCFEFCD9C478FCDB" box="[783,835,862,886]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">et al.</emphasis>
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1991: 62
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFF66FC22C644FC13" bold="true" box="[151,383,932,958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Material examined.</emphasis>
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—Ilha
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(
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),
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<collectingDate id="4109E9F60C27FFCEFF66FC4EC610FC4F" box="[151,299,968,994]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2004-08">August 2004</collectingDate>
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,
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,
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</quantity>
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depth
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.
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—(
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, off
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,
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<collectingRegion id="E737F83C0C27FFCEFAE5FC4EC2A3FC4F" box="[1300,1432,968,994]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Bahia State</collectingRegion>
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,
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),
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<collectingDate id="4109E9F60C27FFCEFF00FC6AC6BFFBAB" box="[241,388,1004,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2004-08">August 2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="880653080C27FFCEFE7FFC6AC569FBAA" box="[398,594,1004,1031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Col. Andrade, W.</collectorName>
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, intertidal
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="959B3C830C27FFCEFD3EFC6AC59EFB86" collectingDate="2004-08-28" collectionCode="UFBA" collectorName="Col. Lopes, U." country="Brazil" latitude="-13.542101" location="Cairu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.5911" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" specimenCode="UFBA 2700" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia State">
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<specimenCode id="75559EA50C27FFCEFD3EFC6AC467FBAA" box="[719,860,1004,1031]" collectionCode="UFBA" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">UFBA 2700</specimenCode>
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—(
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<geoCoordinate id="40C750190C27FFCEFBDAFC6AC3E6FBAA" box="[1067,1245,1004,1031]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" precision="1" seconds="27.96" value="-38.5911">38°35’27.96”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, off
|
||
<location id="202C60050C27FFCEFAFEFC6AC26BFBAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD5A87C80C27FFCBFF66FD7DC248FC64:202C60050C27FFCEFAFEFC6AC26BFBAB" box="[1295,1360,1004,1030]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.542101" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.5911" name="Cairu" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" stateProvince="Bahia State">Cairu</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E737F83C0C27FFCEFAAAFC6AC7E9FB87" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Bahia State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DE4764E0C27FFCEFF2FFB96C61CFB87" box="[222,295,1040,1066]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="514D101E0C27FFCEFECAFB96C6C9FB87" box="[315,498,1040,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2004-08-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4109E9F60C27FFCEFECAFB96C6C9FB87" box="[315,498,1040,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2004-08-28">28 August 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="880653080C27FFCEFE0EFB96C59EFB86" box="[511,677,1040,1067]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Col. Lopes, U.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="959B3C830C27FFCEFD5CFB96C49FFBE3" collectingDate="2005-08-06" collectionCode="UFBA" collectorName="Col. Guerrazzi, M. C." country="Brazil" latitude="-13.909277" location="Marau" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.994556" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" specimenCode="UFBA 2703" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia State">
|
||
<specimenCode id="75559EA50C27FFCEFD5CFB96C40DFB87" box="[685,822,1040,1066]" collectionCode="UFBA" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">UFBA 2703</specimenCode>
|
||
—Baía de Camumu (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="40C750190C27FFCEFBD9FB96C3F8FB86" box="[1064,1219,1040,1067]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" precision="1" seconds="33.4" value="-13.909277">13°54’33.4”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="40C750190C27FFCEFB3AFB96C254FB86" box="[1227,1391,1040,1067]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" precision="1" seconds="40.4" value="-38.994556">38°59’40.4”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, off
|
||
<location id="202C60050C27FFCEFF66FBB2C7D8FBE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD5A87C80C27FFCBFF66FD7DC248FC64:202C60050C27FFCEFF66FBB2C7D8FBE3" box="[151,227,1076,1102]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.909277" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.994556" name="Marau" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" stateProvince="Bahia State">Maraú</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E737F83C0C27FFCEFF00FBB2C64DFBE3" box="[241,374,1076,1102]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Bahia State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DE4764E0C27FFCEFE75FBB2C6F6FBE3" box="[388,461,1076,1102]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="514D101E0C27FFCEFE13FBB2C5A0FBE2" box="[482,667,1076,1103]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2005-08-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4109E9F60C27FFCEFE13FBB2C5A0FBE2" box="[482,667,1076,1103]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2005-08-06">06 August 2005</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="880653080C27FFCEFD58FBB2C49FFBE3" box="[681,932,1076,1103]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Col. Guerrazzi, M. C.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="959B3C830C27FFCEFC5CFBB2C270FBDF" collectingDate="2003-09-13" collectionCode="UFBA" collectorName="de Camamu & Col. Guerrazzi, M. C." country="Brazil" latitude="-13.895166" location="Rio Marau" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.007805" municipality="Marau" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" specimenCode="UFBA 2704" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia State">
|
||
<specimenCode id="75559EA50C27FFCEFC5CFBB2C303FBE3" box="[941,1080,1076,1102]" collectionCode="UFBA" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">UFBA 2704</specimenCode>
|
||
—
|
||
<location id="202C60050C27FFCEFBA5FBB2C3F4FBE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD5A87C80C27FFCBFF66FD7DC248FC64:202C60050C27FFCEFBA5FBB2C3F4FBE3" box="[1108,1231,1076,1102]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.895166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.007805" municipality="Marau" name="Rio Marau" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" stateProvince="Bahia State">Rio Maraú</location>
|
||
/Baía
|
||
<collectorName id="880653080C27FFCEFAE2FBB2C2A7FBE3" box="[1299,1436,1076,1102]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">de Camamu</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="40C750190C27FFCEFF51FBDEC601FBDE" box="[160,314,1112,1139]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" precision="1" seconds="42.6" value="-13.895166">13°53’42.6”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="40C750190C27FFCEFEB3FBDEC6DCFBDF" box="[322,487,1112,1138]" degrees="39" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" precision="1" seconds="28.1" value="-39.007805">39°00’28.1”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, off
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C528ACA40C27FFCEFDEAFBDEC55FFBDF" box="[539,612,1112,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Maraú</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E737F83C0C27FFCEFD8DFBDEC43BFBDF" box="[636,768,1112,1138]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Bahia State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DE4764E0C27FFCEFCFDFBDEC46EFBDF" box="[780,853,1112,1138]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="514D101E0C27FFCEFC98FBDEC373FBDF" box="[873,1096,1112,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2003-09-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4109E9F60C27FFCEFC98FBDEC373FBDF" box="[873,1096,1112,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2003-09-13">13 September 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="880653080C27FFCEFBA5FBDEC270FBDF" box="[1108,1355,1112,1139]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Col. Guerrazzi, M. C.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="959B3C830C27FFCEFAA2FBDEC6F0FB17" collectingDate="2004-10-30" collectionCode="UFBA" collectorName="de Camamu & Col. Guerrazzi, M. C." country="Brazil" latitude="-13.895166" location="Rio Marau" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.007805" municipality="Marau" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" specimenCode="UFBA 2705" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia State">
|
||
<specimenCode id="75559EA50C27FFCEFAA2FBDEC7F5FB3A" collectionCode="UFBA" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">UFBA 2705</specimenCode>
|
||
—
|
||
<location id="202C60050C27FFCEFF1AFBFAC65DFB3B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD5A87C80C27FFCBFF66FD7DC248FC64:202C60050C27FFCEFF1AFBFAC65DFB3B" box="[235,358,1148,1175]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.895166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-39.007805" municipality="Marau" name="Rio Marau" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" stateProvince="Bahia State">Rio Maraú</location>
|
||
/Baía
|
||
<collectorName id="880653080C27FFCEFE5AFBFAC50FFB3B" box="[427,564,1148,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">de Camamu</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="40C750190C27FFCEFDB6FBFAC5DAFB3A" box="[583,737,1148,1175]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" precision="1" seconds="42.6" value="-13.895166">13°53’42.6”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="40C750190C27FFCEFD1AFBFAC4B4FB3B" box="[747,911,1148,1174]" degrees="39" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" precision="1" seconds="28.1" value="-39.007805">39°00’28.1”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, off
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C528ACA40C27FFCEFC36FBFAC32BFB3B" box="[967,1040,1148,1174]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Maraú</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E737F83C0C27FFCEFBDBFBFAC38BFB3B" box="[1066,1200,1148,1174]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Bahia State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DE4764E0C27FFCEFB4FFBFAC23CFB3B" box="[1214,1287,1148,1174]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="514D101E0C27FFCEFAEDFBFAC7E9FB17" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2004-10-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4109E9F60C27FFCEFAEDFBFAC7E9FB17" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2004-10-30">30 October 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="880653080C27FFCEFF2DFB26C6F0FB17" box="[220,459,1184,1211]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Col. Guerrazzi, M. C.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="959B3C830C27FFCEFE20FB26C51EFB73" collectingDate="2004-04-25" collectionCode="UFBA" collectorName="Col. Guerrazzi, M. C." country="Brazil" elevation="6" latitude="-13.541528" location="Cairu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.991585" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" specimenCode="UFBA 3170" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia State">
|
||
<specimenCode id="75559EA50C27FFCEFE20FB26C566FB16" box="[465,605,1184,1211]" collectionCode="UFBA" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">UFBA 3170</specimenCode>
|
||
—(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="40C750190C27FFCEFD74FB26C42CFB16" box="[645,791,1184,1211]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" precision="1" seconds="29.5" value="-13.541528">13°32’29.5”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="40C750190C27FFCEFCECFB26C4FAFB16" box="[797,961,1184,1211]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" precision="1" seconds="29.7" value="-38.991585">38°59’29.7”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="202C60050C27FFCEFC3AFB26C337FB17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD5A87C80C27FFCBFF66FD7DC248FC64:202C60050C27FFCEFC3AFB26C337FB17" box="[971,1036,1184,1210]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.541528" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-38.991585" name="Cairu" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" stateProvince="Bahia State">Cairu</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E737F83C0C27FFCEFBE7FB26C3A3FB17" box="[1046,1176,1184,1210]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Bahia State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DE4764E0C27FFCEFB53FB26C3D0FB17" box="[1186,1259,1184,1210]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="514D101E0C27FFCEFB0DFB26C2A3FB17" box="[1276,1432,1184,1211]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2004-04-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4109E9F60C27FFCEFB0DFB26C2A3FB17" box="[1276,1432,1184,1211]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" value="2004-04-25">25 April 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="880653080C27FFCEFF66FB42C6B7FB73" box="[151,396,1220,1247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Col. Guerrazzi, M. C.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E20B9B3B0C27FFCEFE68FB42C6E2FB72" box="[409,473,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="6.0">
|
||
<elevation id="AEDED1ED0C27FFCEFE68FB42C6E2FB72" box="[409,473,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" unit="m" value="6.0">7,6 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DE965550C27FFCEFF36FB6EC566F91F" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="254C36DE0C27FFCEFF36FB6EC7CAFAE7" blockId="8.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFF36FB6EC6F3FAAF" bold="true" box="[199,456,1256,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
Description (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BDC82A5B0C27FFCEFE91FB6EC680FAAF" box="[352,443,1256,1282]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973 (UFBA 2705).A, Preserved specimen; B, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome. Scale, A, 1 cm; B, 390 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961451/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Thinly to thickly encrusting sponge. Surface hispid with spicules protruding externally. Fragile consistency, easy to break. No color recorded from the living materials, but pale to ochre when stored in ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="254C36DE0C27FFCEFF36FAD2C6DCFA1B" blockId="8.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFF36FAD2C69CFAC3" bold="true" box="[199,423,1364,1390]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
Skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BDC82A5B0C27FFCEFECFFAD2C6A2FAC3" box="[318,409,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[211,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973 (UFBA 2705).A, Preserved specimen; B, thick section showing the ectosome and choanosome. Scale, A, 1 cm; B, 390 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961451/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Reticulate anisotropic choanosomal skeleton formed by ascending multispicular tracts of styles, interconnected by secondary multispicular tracts of styles. Choanosome with echinating cladotylotes I and II, and scattered microscleres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="254C36DE0C27FFCEFF36FA46C566F91F" blockId="8.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFF36FA46C6A8FA77" bold="true" box="[199,403,1472,1498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
Spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BDC82A5B0C27FFCEFECAFA46C6BEFA77" box="[315,389,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[323,1263,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[323,1263,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Acarnus toxeata Boury-Esnault, 1973 (UFBA 2705). A, Style. B, Tylote. C, Detail of Style. D, Detail of tylote. E, Cladotylote I. F, Cladotylote II. G, Isochelae. H, Oxhorn toxa. I, Thin deeply curved toxa. J, Accolada toxa. Scale: A, C, E, F, 50 μm; B, D, 10; G, H, I, J, 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961455" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7961455/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Terminally microspined tylotes with barely swollen heads, 212–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFB73FA46C3FAFA77" bold="true" box="[1154,1217,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">250.4</emphasis>
|
||
–313/ 2–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFAD6FA46C271FA77" bold="true" box="[1319,1354,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">3.4</emphasis>
|
||
–5 μm. Styles long, lightly curved, with microspined, but also occasionally smooth heads, 364–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFB7AFA62C38EFA53" bold="true" box="[1163,1205,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">467</emphasis>
|
||
–555/ 5–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFAEBFA62C206FA53" bold="true" box="[1306,1341,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">9.7</emphasis>
|
||
–15 μm. Cladotylotes I, larger, with few, if any, spines on the shaft (maximum 4 spikes), cladomes with 4–6 clads, length 162–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFF3EF9AAC635F9EB" bold="true" box="[207,270,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">220.1</emphasis>
|
||
–252 μm, shaft width 2–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFDC2F9AAC56DF9EB" bold="true" box="[563,598,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">5.5</emphasis>
|
||
–7 μm, cladome width 15–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFC65F9AAC4FEF9EB" bold="true" box="[916,965,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">21.7</emphasis>
|
||
–27 μm. Cladotylote II, smaller, heavily spined (8–13 spikes), with 4–6 clads, length 83–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFD43F9D6C5D8F9C7" bold="true" box="[690,739,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">96.8</emphasis>
|
||
–141 μm, shaft width 1–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFC02F9D6C33AF9C7" bold="true" box="[1011,1025,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">2</emphasis>
|
||
–4 μm, cladome width 5–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFAECF9D6C27BF9C7" bold="true" box="[1309,1344,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">7.6</emphasis>
|
||
–12 μm. Isochelae, 10–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFECAF9F2C641F923" bold="true" box="[315,378,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">10.7–</emphasis>
|
||
12 μm. Toxas I, accolada (222–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFD17F9F2C41EF923" bold="true" box="[742,805,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">435.6</emphasis>
|
||
–656 μm); Toxas II, thin deeply curved (50–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFAD4F9F2C25FF923" bold="true" box="[1317,1380,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">128.9</emphasis>
|
||
–313 μm); Toxa III, oxhorn (35–
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFE37F91EC6CCF91F" bold="true" box="[454,503,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">55.2</emphasis>
|
||
–81 μm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DE965550C27FFCEFF36F93AC579F97B" box="[199,578,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="254C36DE0C27FFCEFF36F93AC579F97B" blockId="8.[151,1437,932,2039]" box="[199,578,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFF36F93AC65AF97B" bold="true" box="[199,353,1724,1750]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E737F83C0C27FFCEFE96F93AC6D0F97B" box="[359,491,1724,1750]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Bahia State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DE4764E0C27FFCEFE07F93AC505F97B" box="[502,574,1724,1750]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DE965550C27FFCEFF36F966C4D3F957" box="[199,1000,1760,1787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="254C36DE0C27FFCEFF36F966C4D3F957" blockId="8.[151,1437,932,2039]" box="[199,1000,1760,1787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFF36F966C617F957" bold="true" box="[199,300,1760,1786]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens occur encrusting bivalve shells and rhodolites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DE965550C27FFCBFF36F882C248FC64" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="534" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="254C36DE0C27FFCEFF36F882C2A3F85B" blockId="8.[151,1437,932,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFF36F882C600F8B3" bold="true" box="[199,315,1796,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41624B2F0C27FFCEFD67F882C4B1F8B3" author="Boury-Esnault, N." box="[662,906,1796,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="263 - 295" refId="ref10355" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Resultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne de la ' Calypso' au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 49 (Supplement 10), 263 - 295." type="journal article" year="1973">Boury-Esnault (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on a unique specimen (
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA48887C0C27FFCEFB24F882C206F8B3" box="[1237,1341,1796,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: MNHN DNBe. 1037) from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E737F83C0C27FFCEFE84F8AEC6CDF8EF" box="[373,502,1832,1858]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Bahia State</collectingRegion>
|
||
(off Abrolhos). This author described the external morphology, provided drawings of the spicule set, but did not describe the skeletal architecture.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41624B2F0C27FFCEFC8BF8CAC34AF8CB" author="Boury-Esnault, N." box="[890,1137,1868,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="263 - 295" refId="ref10355" refString="Boury-Esnault, N. (1973) Resultats Scientifiques des Campagnes de la ' Calypso'. Campagne de la ' Calypso' au large des cotes atlantiques de l'Amerique du Sud (1961 - 1962). I. 29. Spongiaires. Annales de l'Institut oceanographique, 49 (Supplement 10), 263 - 295." type="journal article" year="1973">Boury-Esnault (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguished this species from the other congeners by having larger styles, two categories of spined cladotylotes and three categories of toxas. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41624B2F0C27FFCEFEDEF813C506F803" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Hooper, J. N. A. & Hiemstra, F." box="[303,573,1940,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="49 - 88" refId="ref12120" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Hooper, J. N. A. & Hiemstra, F. (1991) Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the marine sponge genus Acarnus (Porifera: Poecilosclerida). Beaufortia, 42 (3), 49 - 88." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFE5CF813C6D2F803" box="[429,489,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1991)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reexamined microscopic slides of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA48887C0C27FFCEFBF2F812C35EF803" box="[1027,1125,1940,1966]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and characterized in more detail the spicules, but did not provide information on the choanosomal structure, and also stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C27FFCEFAE1F83EC2B9F87F" authorityName="Boury-Esnault" authorityYear="1973" box="[1296,1410,1976,2002]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C27FFCEFAE1F83EC2B9F87F" box="[1296,1410,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by presenting choanosomal styles, the larger cladotylotes, and the accolada toxa greatly exceeded
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="254C36DE0C24FFCDF931FA7CC0D1F9BE" blockId="11.[1728,2026,1530,1555]" box="[1728,2026,1530,1555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C24FFCDF931FA7CC0D1F9BE" box="[1728,2026,1530,1555]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">...Continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="254C36DE0C23FFCAFF66FA6DC221F9A8" blockId="12.[151,1306,1515,1541]" box="[151,1306,1515,1541]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
|
||
References: (1)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41624B2F0C23FFCAFEB0FA6DC5F4F9A8" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Hooper, J. N. A. & Hiemstra, F." box="[321,719,1515,1541]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="49 - 88" refId="ref12120" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Hooper, J. N. A. & Hiemstra, F. (1991) Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the marine sponge genus Acarnus (Porifera: Poecilosclerida). Beaufortia, 42 (3), 49 - 88." type="journal article" year="1991">van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; (2)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41624B2F0C23FFCAFD0FFA6DC221F9A8" author="Aguilar-Camacho, J. M. & Carballo, J. L. & Cruz-Barraza, J. A." box="[766,1306,1515,1541]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="677 - 696" refId="ref10287" refString="Aguilar-Camacho, J. M., Carballo, J. L. & Cruz-Barraza, J. A. (2013) Acarnidae Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from the Mexican Pacific Ocean with the description of six new species. Scientia Marina, 77 (4), 677 - 696. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 03800.06 a" type="journal article" year="2013">Aguilar-Camacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="254C36DE0C22FFCBFF66FF11C691FF54" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
|
||
the size when comparing the dimensions of these spicules among the other species of the “tortilis” group. So, here we provide, for the first time, SEMs of the spicule set and a characterization of the skeletal arrangement of other specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFEC0FF59C699FF55" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[305,418,223,249]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFEC0FF59C699FF55" box="[305,418,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="254C36DE0C22FFCBFF36FE85C248FC64" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFF36FE85C644FEB1" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[199,383,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFF36FE85C644FEB1" box="[199,383,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Acarnus toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has cladotylotes with base curved spines, which are similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFBBCFE85C61AFEED" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFBBCFE85C3CAFEB0" authorityName="van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra" authorityYear="1991" box="[1101,1265,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">A. deweerdtae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFB0DFE85C243FEB1" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" box="[1276,1400,259,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="topsenti">A. topsenti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFA75FE85C61AFEED" authorityName="Aguilar-Camacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2013" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oaxaquensis">A. oaxaquensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFEDFFEA1C690FEEC" authorityName="Aguilar-Camacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2013" box="[302,427,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sabulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFEDFFEA1C690FEEC" box="[302,427,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. sabulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, these species differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFCCEFEA1C494FEED" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[831,943,295,321]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFCCEFEA1C494FEED" box="[831,943,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having one category of cladotylotes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFA75FEA1C7CBFEC9" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1922" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="topsenti">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFA75FEA1C7CBFEC9" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. topsenti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFEBAFECDC680FEC9" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[331,443,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFEBAFECDC680FEC9" box="[331,443,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), two categories of toxas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFD05FECDC4DAFEC9" authorityName="Aguilar-Camacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2013" box="[756,993,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oaxaquensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFD05FECDC4DAFEC9" box="[756,993,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Acarnus oaxaquensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(three categories in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFB32FECDC208FEC9" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[1219,1331,331,357]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFB32FECDC208FEC9" box="[1219,1331,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), smaller sized cladotylotes and toxas (at least 50% smaller) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFCFDFEE9C4E8FE24" authorityName="Aguilar-Camacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza" authorityYear="2013" box="[780,979,367,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sabulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFCFDFEE9C4E8FE24" box="[780,979,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Acarnus sabulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFB4DFEE9C20BFE25" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[1212,1328,367,393]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFB4DFEE9C20BFE25" box="[1212,1328,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spicules.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFF66FE15C646FE00" authorityName="van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,381,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="deweerdtae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFF66FE15C646FE00" box="[151,381,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Acarnus deweerdtae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most similar species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFD2AFE15C475FE01" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[731,846,403,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFD2AFE15C475FE01" box="[731,846,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having lightly spined larger cladotylotes and the retention of normal accolada toxa. However, it presents three categories of cladotylote (versus two of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFB0EFE31C254FE7D" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[1279,1391,439,465]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFB0EFE31C254FE7D" box="[1279,1391,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in addition to the absence of oxhorn toxa (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFD4EFE5DC414FE59" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[703,815,475,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFD4EFE5DC414FE59" box="[703,815,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The very evident difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFB11FE5DC26BFE59" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[1248,1360,475,501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFB11FE5DC26BFE59" box="[1248,1360,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFA75FE5DC7D2FDB4" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="claudei">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFA75FE5DC7D2FDB4" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. claudei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the base of the cladotylote, while the former possesses rounded spines, the second has tyles flattened and is provided with lobes and blunt protrusions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41624B2F0C22FFCBFD69FDA5C4B4FD90" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. & Hooper, J. N. A. & Hiemstra, F." box="[664,911,547,573]" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" pagination="49 - 88" refId="ref12120" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Hooper, J. N. A. & Hiemstra, F. (1991) Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the marine sponge genus Acarnus (Porifera: Poecilosclerida). Beaufortia, 42 (3), 49 - 88." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFCE3FDA5C470FD90" box="[786,843,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFC52FDA5C34AFD90" authorityName="van Soest, Hooper & Hiemstra" authorityYear="1991" box="[931,1137,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bergquist">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFC52FDA5C34AFD90" box="[931,1137,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Acarnus bergquist</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFAF7FDA5C243FD91" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[1286,1400,547,573]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFAF7FDA5C243FD91" box="[1286,1400,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of two categories of cladotylotes, but differs in lacking accolada toxa (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFB53FDC1C229FDCD" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[1186,1298,583,609]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFB53FDC1C229FDCD" box="[1186,1298,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and having only two categories of toxas (three categories in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFD49FDEDC412FD29" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[696,809,619,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFD49FDEDC412FD29" box="[696,809,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFCB0FDEDC4CBFD28" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1892" box="[833,1008,619,645]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tortilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFCB0FDEDC4CBFD28" box="[833,1008,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Acarnus tortilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has larger cladotylotes heavily spined along the shaft, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFE84FD09C6DCFD05" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[373,487,655,681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFE84FD09C6DCFD05" box="[373,487,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has larger cladotylote with few spines or a smooth shaft. The specimens analyzed in this study present dimensions of cladotylotes II, isochelae, thin deeply-curved toxas and accolada toxas similar to the original description. However, cladotylotes I, tylotes, oxhorn toxas are slightly smaller, but considered within the size range for the species (
|
||
<tableCitation id="687103650C22FFCBFE1AFD7DC579FCB8" box="[491,578,763,789]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[152,244,634,660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparative morphological and spicule dimensions, and distribution data for valid published species in the Acarnus “tortilis” group of species. Values are in micrometers (µm), expressed as minimum–maximum or minimum–average–maximum length/width. References are numbered in parentheses and listed at the bottom of the table." pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). After micrometric analysis of the spicules, we observed that the size range of styles among the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2F34D5D0C22FFCBFDE9FC99C5B1FC95" authorityName="UFBA" authorityYear="2705" box="[536,650,799,825]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Acarnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toxeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1787EACC0C22FFCBFDE9FC99C5B1FC95" box="[536,650,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="534">A. toxeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very similar to other species from the “tortilis” group (
|
||
<tableCitation id="687103650C22FFCBFAE6FC99C254FC94" box="[1303,1391,799,825]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="11.[152,244,634,660]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 3. Comparative morphological and spicule dimensions, and distribution data for valid published species in the Acarnus “tortilis” group of species. Values are in micrometers (µm), expressed as minimum–maximum or minimum–average–maximum length/width. References are numbered in parentheses and listed at the bottom of the table." pageId="13" pageNumber="534">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). In this sense, it is not reliable to consider the size of the styles as a diagnostic character. Therefore, we suggest that the diagnosis of the species is the presence of three distinct categories of toxas, where the maximum size of the accolada toxas exceeds 500 micrometers. From the study of these specimens, we expanded the bathymetric range of occurrence of the species, previous originally known to
|
||
<quantity id="E20B9B3B0C22FFCBFCFAFC28C47FFC64" box="[779,836,942,969]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
depth and here was found at
|
||
<quantity id="E20B9B3B0C22FFCBFB7DFC29C38CFC64" box="[1164,1207,943,969]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="E20B9B3B0C22FFCBFB1FFC29C21CFC64" box="[1262,1319,943,969]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="534" unit="m" value="16.0">16 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |