344 lines
36 KiB
XML
344 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="153d057d-c190-4db9-aa8b-4da3cb04ae64" ID-PMC="PMC7683496" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-993-47" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" ID-PubMed="33262675" ID-ZooBank="C40989DB80634C9FA481E7AA82CA924B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-993-47" checkinTime="1605571755153" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ruan, Yongying, Douglas, Hume B., Qiu, Lu, Chen, Xiaoqin & Jiang, Shihong" docDate="2020" docId="AD1819FF55E25A3AA25769E82EE57BEE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 993: 47-120" docOrigin="ZooKeys 993" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805" docTitle="Phorocardius minutus Ruan & Douglas 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="00316F6E-6213-4A86-A88D-8430EBC4165B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" masterDocTitle="Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae)" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668169908327" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ruan, Yongying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-5592</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">yongyingruan@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Douglas, Hume B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-7554</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Qiu, Lu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Xiaoqin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Shihong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>993</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>120</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-993-47</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C40989DB80634C9FA481E7AA82CA924B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="169091761" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:00316F6E-6213-4A86-A88D-8430EBC4165B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD1819FF55E25A3AA25769E82EE57BEE" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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6.
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<taxonomicName LSID="AD1819FF-55E2-5A3A-A257-69E82EE57BEE" authority="Ruan & Douglas" authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus" status="sp. nov.">Phorocardius minutus Ruan & Douglas</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="47">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Phorocardius minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A holotype, habitus, dorsal view, arrow indicating claw B paratype, habitus, ventral view, arrow indicating hypomeral hind edges C antennae of holotype, showing triangular antennomeres III-IV D-F aedeagus of holotype D dorsal view E ventral view, arrows indicating apices of parameres F lateral view, arrow indicating apices of parameres G, H aedeagus of paratype collected from Da-qing-gou, Inner Mongolia, ventral and lateral views I, J aedeagus of paratype collected from Ke-you-zhong-qi, Inner Mongolia, ventral and lateral views, arrows indicating apices of parameres." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475445" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figs 12</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Phorocardius minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A pronotum of holotype, dorsal view B head of holotype, dorsal-frontal view C posterior edge of pronotum of holotype, left side, dorsal view, arrows indicating sublateral incisions D scutellar shield of holotype, dorsal view E metacoxal plate of paratype, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475446" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 13</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Shape of supraantennal carina of Chinese Phorocardius species. Arrows indicating supraantennal carina forked near eye. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov. K head, frontal-lateral view, arrows indicating forked supraantennal carina." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475457" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 23F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 24F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 25F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Inner Mongolia: Da-yin-zi, Linxi County ("Ta-Yngtse, Linsisien").</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">This species is named for its small body size.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">China (Inner Mongolia).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Body length 5-7 mm. Prothorax: procoxal cavities open; prosternal process gradually narrowed posterad to ventral apex in ventral view, with apex narrowly rounded. Pterothorax: scutellar shield with posterior apex narrowly rounded. Tarsal claw with ventral apex smaller than dorsal apex. Male genitalia: paramere with apex pointed and bent laterad and ventrad, without preapical lateral expansion or apical mesal callus. Female unknown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius minutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. is distinct for its small body size, color, and more robust appendages compared to other Chinese species. Its partly yellow elytra resemble
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. flavistriolatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="flavistriolatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. flavistriolatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov., and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. comptus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="comptus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. comptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Candèze">Candeze</normalizedToken>
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, 1860).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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This species can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. flavistriolatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="flavistriolatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. flavistriolatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. by the following characters: in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. minutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="minutus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. minutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov., aedeagus with paramere apex claw-like, produced laterally; males are less than 6.3 mm in body length; and body brown, elytra yellow, with suture and lateral-basal edges near epipleura brown; while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. flavistriolatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="flavistriolatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. flavistriolatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov., aedeagus with apex of paramere not claw like or produced laterally; males are longer than 7 mm; body black-brown; and elytra black-brown with two longitudinal yellow stripes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. minutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="minutus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. minutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. comptus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="comptus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. comptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following characters: in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. minutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="minutus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. minutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov., males are less than 6.3 mm in body length; and body brown, elytra yellow, with suture and lateral-basal edges near epipleura brown; while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. comptus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="comptus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. comptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, males are longer than 7 mm; and body black, elytra black with two longitudinal yellow stripes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">(Based on all type specimens) Dorsum matt. Head brown, with mouthparts red-brown to pale brown. Antennae pale brown. Pronotum brown, with posterior edge dark brown. Scutellar shield brown. Elytra yellow, with suture and lateral-basal edges near epipleura brown. Ventral surfaces brown, including hypomera. Epipleura brown. Legs pale brown to brown. Body with yellow pubescence.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Measurements.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">(based on all type specimens) Male body length 5.2-6.3 mm, width 1.6-2.2 mm. Body length to width ratio 2.9-3.2. Pronotal width to length ratio 1.1-1.2. Pronotum slightly narrower than elytra, Pronotal width to body width ratio 0.86-0.87. Elytral length to pronotal length ratio 2.7-2.9; elytron length to width ratio 3.9-4.3.</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475445" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius minutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
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holotype, habitus, dorsal view, arrow indicating claw
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
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paratype, habitus, ventral view, arrow indicating hypomeral hind edges
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
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antennae of holotype, showing triangular antennomeres III-IV
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D-F</emphasis>
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aedeagus of holotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
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dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">E</emphasis>
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ventral view, arrows indicating apices of parameres
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">F</emphasis>
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lateral view, arrow indicating apices of parameres
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">G, H</emphasis>
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aedeagus of paratype collected from Da-qing-gou, Inner Mongolia, ventral and lateral views
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">I, J</emphasis>
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aedeagus of paratype collected from Ke-you-zhong-qi, Inner Mongolia, ventral and lateral views, arrows indicating apices of parameres.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Frons and vertex with interspaces between punctures 1-3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter. In frontal view, edge of frontal carina convex. Antenna with apex extending slightly over posterior angle of pronotum. Distance between eyes to width of eye ratio 4.1-4.5. Antenna length to body length ratio 0.40-0.45; proportions of antennomere length as follows: 100 (scape); 66-70; 98-100; 88-95; 97-107; 97-110; 108-112; 110-115; 109-120; 104-110; 139-142.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Prothorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Phorocardius minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. A pronotum of holotype, dorsal view B head of holotype, dorsal-frontal view C posterior edge of pronotum of holotype, left side, dorsal view, arrows indicating sublateral incisions D scutellar shield of holotype, dorsal view E metacoxal plate of paratype, ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475446" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">13A</figureCitation>
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): sides convex from anterior to near posterior fourth, concave on posterior fourth, widest near mid-length; posterior angles with lateral sides slightly and evenly convex; surface with interspaces between punctures 1-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter. In ventral view, ventral surface of prosternal process with sides carinate at basal half (not carinate at apical half), gradually narrow from anterior to posterior end, with apex narrowly rounded. In lateral view, prosternal process with ventral surface curved strongly dorsad, posterior end weakly concave (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">24F</figureCitation>
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, upper arrow). Procoxal cavities open.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475446" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 13.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius minutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
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pronotum of holotype, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
|
||
head of holotype, dorsal-frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
posterior edge of pronotum of holotype, left side, dorsal view, arrows indicating sublateral incisions
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
|
||
scutellar shield of holotype, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">E</emphasis>
|
||
metacoxal plate of paratype, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pterothorax</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">24F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">25F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mesepisternum in ventral view with antero-mesal angle broadly rounded (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">25F</figureCitation>
|
||
, upper (green) arrow). Projections on posterior edge of mesosternum absent in ventral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Ventral view of pro- and mesothorax of Chinese Phorocardius species. Showing shape of ventral surface of prosternal process (upper, yellow dashed line), mesepisternum (middle, green arrow and dashed line) and projections on posterior edge of mesosternum (lower, red arrow and solid line) middle, green arrows indicating anterior-mesal angle of mesepisternum. A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475459" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">25F</figureCitation>
|
||
, lower (red) arrow) and lateral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Lateral view of prosternal process and mesosternum of Chinese Phorocardius species. Upper green arrows indicating shape of posterior end of prosternal process; lower red arrows indicating projections (absent or present) on posterior edge of mesosternum (i. e., on anteroventral angle of mesosternal fossa according to Douglas 2003). A P. alterlineatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. B P. flavistriolatus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. C P. florentini. D P. magnus. E P. manuleatus. F P. minutus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. G P. rufiposterus Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. H P. unguicularis. I P. yunnanensis Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. J P. zhiweii Ruan, Douglas & Qiu, sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475458" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">24F</figureCitation>
|
||
, lower (red) arrow). Scutellar shield: short, width to length ratio 0.85-0.94; anterolateral edges evenly convex; posterior apex narrowly rounded. Elytra: upper edge of epipleura with minute serrations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Femora and tibiae thick. Length ratio of metatarsomeres I-V (excluding claws): 100; 66-76; 60-63; 45-48; 110-120. Claw with ventral apex much smaller than dorsal apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral edges of visible abdominal ventrites I-V with minute serrations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Slender in ventral and lateral views. Median lobe in ventral view gradually narrowed from base to rounded apex. Median lobe in lateral view gently curved ventrad, apex rounded. Paramere in ventral view: wide, width 2-2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
median lobe width (measured across the mid-length of paramere and median lobe respectively), widest near apical third, abruptly narrowed near apex; apex pointed, bent laterally; preapical lateral expansion and apical mesal callus absent. Paramere in lateral view: robust, almost straight from base to mid-length; bent ventrad from mid-length to apex; apex pointed and facing ventrad, claw-like, but not hooked.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
. ♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Manchoukuo, Ta-Yngtse (大营子), Linsisien (林西县), leg. E. Bourgault, VII.1940; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="[removed from distribution of mainland China and Taiwan" baseAuthorityName="Candeze" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius comptus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comptus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius comptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cand. Det. Siqin Ge; 3) Holotype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan et al., 2019.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
(3♂). 1♂ (IZCAS), labels: 1) Inner Mongolia, Ke-you-zhong-qi (科右中旗), stock farm, 1995.VII.15 [in Chinese]; 2) leg. Mingzhi Yang [in Chinese]; 3) Cardiopnorine; 4)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" family="Elateridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Elateridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 5) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan et al., 2019. • 1♂ (SZPT), labels: 1) Inner Mongolia, Da-qing-gou (大青沟), Xiao-qing-hu, 19.VII.2013, leg. Kai Shi [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan et al., 2019. • 1♂ (SZPT), labels: 1) Inner Mongolia, Da-qing-gou (大青沟), Xiao-qing-hu, sweeping, 20.VII.2013, leg. Kai Shi [in Chinese]; 2) Paratype
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des. Ruan et al., 2019.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
The aedeagus of one paratype collected from 'Ke-you-zhong-qi, Inner
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="mongolia’">mongolia'</normalizedToken>
|
||
is slightly different from that of the holotype by being slender in ventral and lateral views (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Phorocardius manuleatus Candeze (1888). A pronotum and scutellar shield, dorsal view B head, frontal view C punctation on disc of pronotum D punctation on vertex of head E color variation between four individuals; insets 2, 4, 6, 8 are the ventral views of 1, 3, 5, 7 F aedeagus, in dorsal view and lateral view, arrows indicating apices of parameres." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475443" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">11I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, all external characters of this individual (e.g., body color, shape and length, punctures on head and pronotum) are identical with the Holotype. The slight differences in the shape of aedeagus are treated as intraspecific variation here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Previously, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fleutiaux" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only known from the Oriental Region. The discovery of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. minutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. from the Palearctic Region indicates that the members of this genus can survive in areas with freezing winter temperatures (in Ke-you-zhong-qi, Inner Mongolia, the minimum temperature is approximately -20 °C in January). Examination of female genitalia or phylogenetic studies would be useful to see how closely this species is related to other
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fleutiaux" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The thick tibiae and ascendant prosternal process of this species are similar to many fossorial elaterids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2900.1.1" author="Douglas, HB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 45" refId="B12" refString="Douglas, HB, 2011. Phylogenetic relationships of Elateridae inferred from adult morphology, with special reference to the position of Cardiophorinae. Zootaxa 2900: 1 - 45, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2900.1.1" title="Phylogenetic relationships of Elateridae inferred from adult morphology, with special reference to the position of Cardiophorinae." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2900.1.1" volume="2900" year="2011">Douglas 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including many species with flightless females. Females of this species are currently unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius minutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov. is like
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Diocarphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diocarphus solitarius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solitarius">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Diocarphus solitarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fleutiaux, 1931) in the ventral apex of the tarsal claw is much smaller than the dorsal apex. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. minutus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fleutiaux" authorityYear="1947" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Diocarphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diocarphus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Diocarphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its open procoxal cavities and the pronotum without pronotal lateral carina.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Based on specimen information, this species inhabits low elevation areas (ca. 0-500 m) in Inner Mongolia, north China. This area is arid with temperate grassland and shrubland and cold winters. Known only from the Palearctic Region.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |