268 lines
37 KiB
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268 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="386C7FD9AC4E596681899468CC630256" ID-DOI="10.4467/16890027AP.14.022.1997" ID-ISSN="1689-0027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12638350" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1720037563826" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Thomsen, Helge A. & Østergaard, Jette B." docDate="2014" docId="AC4A6B03FF86FFFCFF58DA11FB2AFC59" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaProtozool.53.3.235-256.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Protozoologica 53 (3)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/4d144474-225a-3934-8814-0d8c1ebb76df/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7.3:ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7" docStyleName="ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pappomonas garrisonii Thomsen and Ostergaard 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="247" masterDocId="5073137BFF8CFFF0FFDCD910FFDDFFAD" masterDocTitle="Coccolithophorids in Polar Waters: Pappomonas spp. Revisited" masterLastPageNumber="256" masterPageNumber="235" pageNumber="245" updateTime="1720040505996" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D5CA918AD820C0F1C8B40E558AC32D35">
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<mods:title id="854ACD03486575C12211912DB74942E6">Coccolithophorids in Polar Waters: Pappomonas spp. Revisited</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D41C38793F99B74BDA0B1B298299D60">Thomsen, Helge A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="26E6B86ACE5E331204503305858BD824">Østergaard, Jette B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="04F34BADBB4FB019016715C36C25D88B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="28B24F1ACD24D6CE9CF5E3102AD33AB6">Acta Protozoologica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="648AC7A517C8D4D505178C70BE263282">
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<mods:date id="05074F4DE874C14F78A99CFA3783912E">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="52D808822A724C532C1790E09CD84B59">53</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="0DCEAC63FC553EADB88B719BF454FD99">235</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="A3D7F56C14E23EB12945861E5BB5F746">https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/4d144474-225a-3934-8814-0d8c1ebb76df/</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="91C867AE9D173536091D8A7B0959EDD6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="73CA51766C1B2CA2B550E5920D84D9B5" type="DOI">10.4467/16890027AP.14.022.1997</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="70FF18EDC1DC4669AD14E2C745291760" type="ISSN">1689-0027</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AC4A6B03FF86FFFCFF58DA11FB2AFC59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4A6B03FF86FFFCFF58DA11FB2AFC59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC4A6B03FF86FFFCFF58DA11FB2AFC59" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">
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<subSubSection id="6CF9899EFF86FFFAFF58DA11FF3FFC93" pageId="10" pageNumber="245" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="245CDA15FF86FFFAFF58DA11FF3FFC93" blockId="10.[132,778,767,830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">
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<heading id="7F146D79FF86FFFAFF58DA11FF3FFC93" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="245" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFF58DA11FF3FFC93" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">
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<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF86FFFAFF58DA11FCD7FCB6" authority="Thomsen and Ostergaard" authorityName="Thomsen and Ostergaard" authorityYear="2014" box="[132,778,767,795]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="10" pageNumber="245" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="garrisonii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFF58DA11FE75FCB7" bold="true" box="[132,424,768,795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">Pappomonas garrisonii</emphasis>
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Thomsen and Østergaard
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DA4BB7CFF86FFFAFF58DA34FF3FFC93" box="[132,226,804,830]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CF9899EFF86FFFCFF76DA46FE49FCC7" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="10" pageNumber="245" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="245CDA15FF86FFFCFF76DA46FD1FFC89" blockId="10.[132,779,854,1517]" lastBlockId="12.[132,779,223,1637]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFF76DA46FEFEFCDD" bold="true" box="[170,291,854,880]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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: Cell spherical, ca. 5 µm in diameter with two flagella and a somewhat shorter haptonema. Coccoliths of
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<specimenCount id="32E5119CFF86FFFAFF24DA8DFEB0FC1A" box="[248,365,925,951]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="245" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
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. Body coccoliths (
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<figureCitation id="BCD8C690FF86FFFAFD9FDA8DFD45FC1A" box="[579,664,925,951]" captionStart="Figs 38–42" captionStartId="16.[136,179,1807,1829]" captionText="Figs 38–42. Pappomonas garrisonii sp. nov. (TEM whole mounts) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (ANT X/3). 38 – coccolith with reduced central appendage; notice the cruciform central area calcification; 39 – scatter of body and circumflagellar coccoliths; 40 – unmineral- ized under layer scales (reversed printing); 41 – complete cell (holotype) with flagella and haptonema; coccoliths with central appendages occur over the entire cell; the largest of these are grouped at the anterior cell end; 42 – coccolith with small central appendage and cruciform central area calcification (reversed printing)." pageId="10" pageNumber="245">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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) are oval, 1.0 ± 0.095 × 0.65 ± 0.09 µm. The rim consists of large pentagonal elements (0.2–0.25 µm in height) forming a densely aggregated and upright ring. Adnate and rod-shaped elements occur interdispersed at the base of the pentagonal elements (
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<figureCitation id="BCD8C690FF86FFFAFE4DDD5DFDD8FBC5" box="[401,517,1101,1128]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[132,167,1724,1746]" captionTargetBox="[157,749,1216,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[130,780,1192,1670]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 58. Interpretation of rim calcification (body coccoliths) in spe- cies of Pappomonas and Papposphaera. A – Pappomonas flabellifera (NEW / micrograph 25036); B – Pappomonas borealis (NEW / micrograph 24879); C – Pappomonas weddellensis (ANT X/3 / mi- crograph 20549); D – Pappomonas garrisonii sp.nov. (ANT X/3 / micrograph 21149); E – Papposphaera sagittifera (NEW / micro- graph 24930); F–G – Balaniger virgulosa HET scale rim (F) and base plate calcification (G) (West Greenland / micrograph 10322)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638364/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">Fig. 58D</figureCitation>
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). The central area is supporting ca. 5 lines of rod-shaped elements arranged in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the coccolith and crossed in the middle by a single line of elements arranged along the shortest axis of the coccolith. Radial elements from the base plate scale upper surface ornamentation are visible in between elements. Other coccoliths carry central processes that are diagnostic for the species. These coccoliths are best developed at the flagellar pole but occur scattered all over the cell surface (
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<figureCitation id="BCD8C690FF86FFFAFF1ADCBFFEC3FA64" box="[198,286,1455,1481]" captionStart="Figs 38–42" captionStartId="16.[136,179,1807,1829]" captionText="Figs 38–42. Pappomonas garrisonii sp. nov. (TEM whole mounts) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (ANT X/3). 38 – coccolith with reduced central appendage; notice the cruciform central area calcification; 39 – scatter of body and circumflagellar coccoliths; 40 – unmineral- ized under layer scales (reversed printing); 41 – complete cell (holotype) with flagella and haptonema; coccoliths with central appendages occur over the entire cell; the largest of these are grouped at the anterior cell end; 42 – coccolith with small central appendage and cruciform central area calcification (reversed printing)." pageId="10" pageNumber="245">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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). The quasi-circular coccolith (diam. 0.7– 0.8 µm) has a rim that is basically similar to that of the body coccoliths, whereas the central area calcification is reduced to a cross-like structure where the arms coa- lesce at the centre to support the central shaft (
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<figureCitation id="BCD8C690FF80FFFCFD76D835FF7BFECC" captionStart="Figs 38–42" captionStartId="16.[136,179,1807,1829]" captionText="Figs 38–42. Pappomonas garrisonii sp. nov. (TEM whole mounts) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (ANT X/3). 38 – coccolith with reduced central appendage; notice the cruciform central area calcification; 39 – scatter of body and circumflagellar coccoliths; 40 – unmineral- ized under layer scales (reversed printing); 41 – complete cell (holotype) with flagella and haptonema; coccoliths with central appendages occur over the entire cell; the largest of these are grouped at the anterior cell end; 42 – coccolith with small central appendage and cruciform central area calcification (reversed printing)." pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Figs 38, 42</figureCitation>
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). The central shaft is up to 1.5 µm long and formed by densely aggregated elements (
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<figureCitation id="BCD8C690FF80FFFCFDDAD87AFD80FE29" box="[518,605,362,388]" captionStart="Figs 38–42" captionStartId="16.[136,179,1807,1829]" captionText="Figs 38–42. Pappomonas garrisonii sp. nov. (TEM whole mounts) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (ANT X/3). 38 – coccolith with reduced central appendage; notice the cruciform central area calcification; 39 – scatter of body and circumflagellar coccoliths; 40 – unmineral- ized under layer scales (reversed printing); 41 – complete cell (holotype) with flagella and haptonema; coccoliths with central appendages occur over the entire cell; the largest of these are grouped at the anterior cell end; 42 – coccolith with small central appendage and cruciform central area calcification (reversed printing)." pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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). Two elongat- ed elements (1.2–1.3 µm in circumflagellar coccoliths and 0.8–0.9 µm in coccoliths at the posterior cell end) diverge from the tip of the central shaft. They are each furnished with two triangular and wing-like blades. The smaller blades from each pair are placed centrally. The cleft between these is terminated above the tip of the central shaft through the insertion of a rhomboid element (
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<figureCitation id="BCD8C690FF80FFFCFF28DB6FFE93FD34" box="[244,334,639,665]" captionStart="Figs 38–42" captionStartId="16.[136,179,1807,1829]" captionText="Figs 38–42. Pappomonas garrisonii sp. nov. (TEM whole mounts) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (ANT X/3). 38 – coccolith with reduced central appendage; notice the cruciform central area calcification; 39 – scatter of body and circumflagellar coccoliths; 40 – unmineral- ized under layer scales (reversed printing); 41 – complete cell (holotype) with flagella and haptonema; coccoliths with central appendages occur over the entire cell; the largest of these are grouped at the anterior cell end; 42 – coccolith with small central appendage and cruciform central area calcification (reversed printing)." pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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). The width of the terminal structure varies from 1–2 µm. Small unmineralized under layer scales (ca. 0.35 × 0.5 µm) can be observed scattered among the coccoliths (
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<figureCitation id="BCD8C690FF80FFFCFE4BDBF7FDFAFCAC" box="[407,551,743,769]" captionStart="Figs 38–42" captionStartId="16.[136,179,1807,1829]" captionText="Figs 38–42. Pappomonas garrisonii sp. nov. (TEM whole mounts) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (ANT X/3). 38 – coccolith with reduced central appendage; notice the cruciform central area calcification; 39 – scatter of body and circumflagellar coccoliths; 40 – unmineral- ized under layer scales (reversed printing); 41 – complete cell (holotype) with flagella and haptonema; coccoliths with central appendages occur over the entire cell; the largest of these are grouped at the anterior cell end; 42 – coccolith with small central appendage and cruciform central area calcification (reversed printing)." pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Figs 39, 40</figureCitation>
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). These scales display radiating ridges and loose concentric fibrils.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="709C8A9DFF86FFFAFCECDCF6FA65F9FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638356" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12638356" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638356/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="245" startId="10.[816,851,1510,1532]" targetBox="[816,1466,223,1485]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="245CDA15FF86FFFAFCECDCF6FA65F9FD" blockId="10.[816,1464,1510,1616]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFCECDCF6FCA6FA56" bold="true" box="[816,891,1510,1532]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">Fig. 27.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF86FFFAFC5DDCF7FB8EFA56" box="[897,1107,1510,1532]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="10" pageNumber="245" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="borealis">
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFC5DDCF7FB8EFA56" box="[897,1107,1510,1532]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">Pappomonas borealis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(TEM whole mount) from the Arctic (West Greenland). Scatter of body and circumflagellar coccoliths il- lustrating differences in size and ornamentation among body coccoliths and the highly dissimilar base of the circumflagellar coccoliths.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="709C8A9DFF86FFFAFF5ADFA4FBC8F823" pageId="10" pageNumber="245" startId="10.[134,177,1716,1738]" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="245CDA15FF86FFFAFF5ADFA4FBC8F823" blockId="10.[134,1461,1716,1934]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFF5ADFA4FF25F964" bold="true" box="[134,248,1716,1738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">Figs 19–26.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF86FFFAFF22DFA5FE12F964" box="[254,463,1716,1738]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="10" pageNumber="245" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="borealis">
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFF22DFA5FE12F964" box="[254,463,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">Pappomonas borealis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Arctic (NEW / Figs 19–24; Svalbard / Figs 25–26); TEM (Figs 19–24) and SEM whole mounts (Figs 25–26).
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFECCDFC0FEF5F948" bold="true" box="[272,296,1744,1765]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">19</emphasis>
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– single body coccolith (reversed printing / detail from Fig. 20) showing rim (pentagonals and rods) as well as central area calcification consisting of two ovals and four embedded lines of rod-shaped elements in the middle; notice that the radiating fibrils on the upper surface of the base plate scale are visible in between elements of the central area calcification;
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFBA5DE18FB4CF8B0" bold="true" box="[1145,1169,1800,1821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">20</emphasis>
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– whole cell with flagella and a curled up haptonema;
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFEB0DE34FE59F894" bold="true" box="[364,388,1828,1849]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">21</emphasis>
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– detail of posterior cell end body coccoliths from the cell shown in Fig. 20;
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFBB9DE34FBA0F894" bold="true" box="[1125,1149,1828,1849]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">22</emphasis>
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– detail of body coccoliths from the cell shown in Fig. 23;
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFEA3DE50FE4AF8F8" bold="true" box="[383,407,1856,1877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">23</emphasis>
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– whole cell;
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFDC3DE50FDEAF8F8" bold="true" box="[543,567,1856,1877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">24</emphasis>
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– detail of circumflagellar coccoliths; notice the extended overlap between shaft and triangular blade;
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFF3BDE4CFF22F8DC" bold="true" box="[231,255,1884,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">25</emphasis>
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– detail of anterior cell end to show the flattened triangular blade and the upright rim on body coccoliths;
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<emphasis id="16970607FF86FFFAFADDDE4CFAC4F8DC" bold="true" box="[1281,1305,1884,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="245">26</emphasis>
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– a sequence of circumflagellar coccoliths showing the upright rim and the cruciform central area calcification.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="245CDA15FF80FFFCFF76DA3DFE49FCC7" blockId="12.[132,779,223,1637]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">
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Combination cells with
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<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFE13DA3DFD5BFCEA" box="[463,646,813,839]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFE13DA3DFD87FCEB" box="[463,602,813,838]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Trigonaspis</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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have been observed (
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<figureCitation id="BCD8C690FF80FFFCFF22DA5FFE55FCC7" box="[254,392,847,874]" captionStart="Figs 43–45" captionStartId="16.[132,175,1480,1502]" captionTargetBox="[129,1467,223,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-99@16.[129,1467,223,1435]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 43–45. Pappomonas garrisonii sp. nov. combination cells with Trigonaspis sp. TEM whole mounts from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (ANT X/3). 43 – whole cell with Trigonaspis parts pointed out; 44 – a second combination cell with Trigonaspis parts pointed out; 45 – detail of the periplast from Fig. 44 showing the Trigonaspis tower-like coccoliths and their triangular substructure (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638358/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Figs 43–45</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6CF9899EFF80FFFCFF76DA62FD2BFC7C" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="245CDA15FF80FFFCFF76DA62FCDAFC20" blockId="12.[132,779,223,1637]" box="[170,775,882,909]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">
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<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFF76DA62FEB1FC21" bold="true" box="[170,364,882,908]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">
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||
<typeStatus id="FB5864B7FF80FFFCFF76DA62FF3AFC21" box="[170,231,882,908]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Type</typeStatus>
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specimen:
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</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="BCD8C690FF80FFFCFEA8DA62FE1BFC21" box="[372,454,882,908]" captionStart="Figs 38–42" captionStartId="16.[136,179,1807,1829]" captionText="Figs 38–42. Pappomonas garrisonii sp. nov. (TEM whole mounts) from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (ANT X/3). 38 – coccolith with reduced central appendage; notice the cruciform central area calcification; 39 – scatter of body and circumflagellar coccoliths; 40 – unmineral- ized under layer scales (reversed printing); 41 – complete cell (holotype) with flagella and haptonema; coccoliths with central appendages occur over the entire cell; the largest of these are grouped at the anterior cell end; 42 – coccolith with small central appendage and cruciform central area calcification (reversed printing)." pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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(TEM micrograph 20454).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245CDA15FF80FFFCFF76DA85FD2BFC7C" blockId="12.[132,779,223,1637]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="948BD048FF80FFFCFF76DA85FD2FFC7C" collectingDate="1992-04-13" country="Antarctica" elevation="10" latitude="-68.23333" location="Weddell Sea" longLatPrecision="926" longitude="-7.3216667" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFF76DA85FE85FC03" bold="true" box="[170,344,916,943]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB5864B7FF80FFFCFF76DA85FF3AFC02" box="[170,231,917,943]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="213C8CCEFF80FFFCFEB8DA85FE26FC02" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC4A6B03FF86FFFCFF58DA11FB2AFC59:213C8CCEFF80FFFCFEB8DA85FE26FC02" box="[356,507,917,943]" country="Antarctica" latitude="-68.23333" longLatPrecision="926" longitude="-7.3216667" name="Weddell Sea" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Weddell Sea</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="41D7BCD2FF80FFFCFDCCDA85FD5BFC02" box="[528,646,917,943]" degrees="7" direction="west" minutes="19.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" precision="92" value="-7.3216667">7°19.3 W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="41D7BCD2FF80FFFCFD4BDA85FD26FC02" box="[663,763,917,943]" degrees="68" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" precision="925" value="-68.23333">68°14 S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5CF49A85FF80FFFCFF58DAA7FEDFFC7C" box="[132,258,951,977]" name="Antarctica" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
; collected on
|
||
<date id="505DFCD5FF80FFFCFE78DAA7FD9AFC7C" box="[420,583,951,977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" value="1992-04-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4019053DFF80FFFCFE78DAA7FD9AFC7C" box="[420,583,951,977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" value="1992-04-13">13 April 1992</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
at
|
||
<elevation id="AFCE3D26FF80FFFCFDB7DAA7FD2FFC7C" box="[619,754,951,978]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||
<quantity id="E31B77F0FF80FFFCFDB7DAA7FD7BFC7F" box="[619,678,951,978]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6CF9899EFF80FFFCFF76DACAFB2AFC59" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="245CDA15FF80FFFCFF76DACAFDF1FBD2" blockId="12.[132,779,223,1637]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFF76DACAFEE6FC59" bold="true" box="[170,315,986,1012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named in honour of Dr. David L. Garrison who has contributed significantly to our understanding of pelagic polar ecology and who was also instrumental in providing the possibility of participating in the ANT X/3 cruise.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245CDA15FF80FFFCFF76DD98FC1DFE29" blockId="12.[132,779,223,1637]" lastBlockId="12.[816,1463,223,1012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFF76DD98FE1BFB0C" authorityName="Thomsen and Ostergaard" authorityYear="2014" box="[170,454,1160,1185]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="garrisonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFF76DD98FE1BFB0C" box="[170,454,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Pappomonas garrisonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFF77DDBBFE99FB69" authorityName="Manton and Oates" authorityYear="1975" box="[171,324,1195,1220]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFF77DDBBFE99FB69" box="[171,324,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Pappomonas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1) an armour of dimorphic coccoliths which with reference to patterns of calcification and elaboration of the central process on ‘flagellar pole’ coccoliths have diagnostic features in common, and 2) a life history that implements species from the holococcolithophorid genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFE2EDC48FF07FA39" authority="(Thomsen 1980 a)" baseAuthorityName="Thomsen" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFE2EDC48FDA0FADC" box="[498,637,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Trigonaspis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4072A7E4FF80FFFCFD47DC47FF0CFA39" author="Thomsen H. A." pageId="12" pageNumber="247" pagination="218 - 299" refId="ref10406" refString="Thomsen H. A. (1980 a) Two species of Trigonaspis gen. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae) from West Greenland. Phycologia 19: 218 - 299" type="journal article" year="1980">Thomsen 1980a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFEBEDC6BFE2AFA39" authorityName="Thomsen and Ostergaard" authorityYear="2014" box="[354,503,1403,1428]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="garrisonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFEBEDC6BFE2AFA39" box="[354,503,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">P. garrisonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also deviates from the mainstream
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFECADC8DFE72FA1B" authorityName="Manton and Oates" authorityYear="1975" box="[278,431,1437,1462]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFECADC8DFE72FA1B" box="[278,431,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Pappomonas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
concept as defined by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFD19DC8DFF3AFA74" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="flabellifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFD19DC8DFF3AFA74" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">P. flabellifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFF27DCD0FEA1FA74" box="[251,380,1471,1497]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="borealis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFF27DCD0FEA1FA74" box="[251,380,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">P. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFE62DCD0FDABFA74" box="[446,630,1471,1497]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="weddellensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFE62DCD0FDABFA74" box="[446,630,1471,1497]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">P. weddellensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by having: 1) coccoliths with central processes evenly distributed over the entire cell surface (albeit with the largest ones encircling the flagellar pole), 2) a central process termination that is not a simple modification of the ‘triangle’ theme, 3) a rim calcification on body coccoliths which in size and overall morphology is much reminiscent of that observed in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFBB1D835FAC5FE92" authorityName="Tangen" authorityYear="1972" box="[1133,1304,293,319]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFBB1D835FAC5FE92" box="[1133,1304,293,319]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Papposphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFA8BD835FCADFECC" authorityName="Manton, Sutherland and McCully" authorityYear="1976" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFA8BD835FCADFECC" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">P. sagittifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BCD8C690FF80FFFCFC5FD857FBCAFECC" box="[899,1047,327,354]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[132,167,1724,1746]" captionTargetBox="[157,749,1216,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[130,780,1192,1670]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 58. Interpretation of rim calcification (body coccoliths) in spe- cies of Pappomonas and Papposphaera. A – Pappomonas flabellifera (NEW / micrograph 25036); B – Pappomonas borealis (NEW / micrograph 24879); C – Pappomonas weddellensis (ANT X/3 / mi- crograph 20549); D – Pappomonas garrisonii sp.nov. (ANT X/3 / micrograph 21149); E – Papposphaera sagittifera (NEW / micro- graph 24930); F–G – Balaniger virgulosa HET scale rim (F) and base plate calcification (G) (West Greenland / micrograph 10322)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12638364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12638364/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Fig. 58D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and 4) a layer of organic under- layer scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245CDA15FF80FFFCFC8AD89DFA4AFC02" blockId="12.[816,1463,223,1012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Despite the fairly long list of features that distin- guishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFC4AD8A0FBF3FE64" authorityName="Thomsen and Ostergaard" authorityYear="2014" box="[918,1070,432,457]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="garrisonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFC4AD8A0FBF3FE64" box="[918,1070,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">P. garrisonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form the core species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFAA2D8A0FC47FE41" authorityName="Manton and Oates" authorityYear="1975" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFAA2D8A0FC47FE41" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Pappomonas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we prefer for the time being to ascribe the new taxon to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFC10D8E5FBB8FDA3" authorityName="Manton and Oates" authorityYear="1975" box="[972,1125,501,526]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFC10D8E5FBB8FDA3" box="[972,1125,501,526]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Pappomonas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The life history relationship with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFCACDB08FBFAFD9F" box="[880,1063,536,562]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Trigonaspis" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFCACDB08FC26FD9C" box="[880,1019,536,561]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Trigonaspis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a strong supporting argument behind this decision. Unpublished findings indicate that species which are at present allocated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFABCDB4DFC52FD34" authorityName="Tangen" authorityYear="1972" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFABCDB4DFC52FD34" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Papposphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFC03DB90FC37FD11" authority="Manton, Sutherland and McCully 1976 a" authorityName="Manton, Sutherland and McCully" authorityYear="1976" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="sagittifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFC03DB90FBA0FD34" box="[991,1149,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">P. sagittifera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4072A7E4FF80FFFCFB50DB90FC37FD11" author="Manton I. & Sutherland J. & McCully M." pageId="12" pageNumber="247" pagination="225 - 238" refId="ref10063" refString="Manton I., Sutherland J., McCully M. (1976 a) Fine structural observations on coccolithophorids from South Alaska in the genera Papposphaera Tangen and Pappomonas Manton et Oates. Brit. Phycol. J. 11: 225 - 238" type="journal article" year="1976">Manton, Sutherland and McCully 1976a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are in fact often found with dimorphic coccoliths (Thomsen, Østergaard and Heldal, unpublished findings) thus in this aspect critically blurring the distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFBC7DA1BFB69FC89" authorityName="Manton and Oates" authorityYear="1975" box="[1051,1204,779,804]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFBC7DA1BFB69FC89" box="[1051,1204,779,804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Pappomonas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFB37DA1AFA4BFC89" authorityName="Tangen" authorityYear="1972" box="[1259,1430,778,804]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFB37DA1AFA4BFC89" box="[1259,1430,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Papposphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It can be anticipated that any strategy with regard to a possible redefinition of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFB41DA40FAEBFCC4" authorityName="Manton and Oates" authorityYear="1975" box="[1181,1334,848,873]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFB41DA40FAEBFCC4" box="[1181,1334,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Pappomonas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFAB3DA40FC40FC21" authorityName="Tangen" authorityYear="1972" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFAB3DA40FC40FC21" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Papposphaera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will need to be assisted by gene sequencing techniques and preferably also TEM thin sectioning.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="245CDA15FF80FFFCFC8ADAA7FB2AFC59" blockId="12.[816,1463,223,1012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">
|
||
The currently known biogeographical range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3E3A196FF80FFFCFCECDACBFC1FFC59" authorityName="Thomsen and Ostergaard" authorityYear="2014" box="[816,962,987,1012]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Pappomonas" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="12" pageNumber="247" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="garrisonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="16970607FF80FFFCFCECDACBFC1FFC59" box="[816,962,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="247">P. garrisonii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="6961EFAEFF80FFFCFB45DACAFB2EFC59" box="[1177,1267,986,1012]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="5.[121,177,605,628]" captionText="Table 2. Biogeography of Pappomonas spp. and Balaniger virgulosa. Type localities are indicated by using bold face." pageId="12" pageNumber="247">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |