484 lines
56 KiB
XML
484 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="6C8332D18641D2EDAD8962D61E24C6D7" ID-CLB-Dataset="30546" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48001044-ef9a-4dbc-b3e9-ad047a03d9d0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1196583" ID-ZooBank="60042332-038E-4EE6-B412-F69E34D5A942" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1520878838425" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Valencia-Zuleta, Alejandro, Caramaschi, Ulisses & Maciel, Natan M." docDate="2018" docId="AC2D87A49274241A538D7AC9FD6D89CB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4392.3.10.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4392 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bufo brasiliensis Laurenti 1768" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="599" masterDocId="5014FFDC92742418531A7832FFC2886A" masterDocTitle="On the taxonomic status of Bufo brasiliensis Laurenti, 1768" masterLastPageNumber="600" masterPageNumber="598" pageNumber="598" updateTime="1698529802811" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="63B077E92CF635448856C448CB9A60A4">
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<mods:title id="6DFC439CE4043747C18A930AB7CF2667">On the taxonomic status of Bufo brasiliensis Laurenti, 1768</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4E42BE1D9CF53759D437512FF853AEB4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="22E79DD88B325EDBE2FFE97F1C29D11A">Valencia-Zuleta, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A167C620FF9F3425B17EEA26486446AD">Caramaschi, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="46A1D406575F5CE48694845AF06FC1C3">Maciel, Natan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E16132138AD0DB3AB1BAEE237DA16608">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FB09622259A0E4F3F14F141A1F34E386">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E6DE605FA0375956E24429486ACE09DA">
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<mods:date id="E45588028666782624A60BC7761238B5">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="198AB6EFF2E9D6F7A604F70A7476E571">2018-03-12</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC2D87A49274241A538D7AC9FD6D89CB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6492162" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142212357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6492162" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC2D87A49274241A538D7AC9FD6D89CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC2D87A49274241A538D7AC9FD6D89CB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="599" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">
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<materialsCitation id="94EC3CEF9274241A538D7AC9FD6D89CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1835171152" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="600" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" typeStatus="holotype">
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<subSubSection id="6C9E653992742418538D7AC9FCEF8B78" box="[151,813,763,786]" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="243B36B292742418538D7AC9FCEF8B78" blockId="0.[151,1436,763,924]" box="[151,813,763,786]" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">
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The name
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<taxonomicName id="E3844D319274241852107AC9FE7D8B78" ID-CoL="NP24" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[266,447,763,786]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA09274241852107AC9FE7D8B78" box="[266,447,763,786]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was proposed by
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<bibRefCitation id="40154B439274241851997AC9FCEF8B78" box="[643,813,763,786]" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" refId="ref2022" refString="Laurenti, J. N. (1768) Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatum cum Experimentis Circa Venena et Antidota Reptilium Austriacorum. Joan. Thom. nob. de Trattnern, Wien, Austria, 214 pp." type="book">Laurenti (1768)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6C9E653992742418502E7AC9FA888F58" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="243B36B292742418502E7AC9FC768BF6" blockId="0.[151,1436,763,924]" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">
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and, for a long time, has been associated with the widely distributed Marine toad -
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA09274241852BF7B2FFE3D8B5E" box="[421,511,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">Rhinella</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192742418511F7B2FFCD08B5E" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[517,786,797,820]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA092742418511F7B2FFD908B5E" box="[517,594,797,820]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">marina</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, we found several inconsistences in this taxonomic proposal and disagree with it. We argue that the specimen illustrated does not correspond to any bufonid form (even less the Neotropical genus
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA092742418528B7B51FE298B10" box="[401,491,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">Rhinella</emphasis>
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) based on the following argumentation presented below.
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<bibRefCitation id="40154B4392742418577C7B51FAD08B10" box="[1126,1298,867,890]" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" refId="ref2022" refString="Laurenti, J. N. (1768) Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatum cum Experimentis Circa Venena et Antidota Reptilium Austriacorum. Joan. Thom. nob. de Trattnern, Wien, Austria, 214 pp." type="book">Laurenti (1768)</bibRefCitation>
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used Seba’s (1734) illustration in plate 73 (
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<figureCitation id="BCBF2A379274241852C47BB7FDD98BF6" box="[478,539,901,924]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="0.[151,244,1754,1776]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,994,1717]" captionTargetId="figure@0.[151,1436,994,1717]" captionTargetPageId="0" captionText="FIGURE 1.Illustration of Bufo brasiliensis from“Thesaurus” (Seba, 1734:plate 73)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1196585/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) to establish the name
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA092742418500E7BB7FC768BF6" box="[788,948,901,924]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">
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<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192742418500E7BB7FC728BF6" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[788,944,901,924]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">B. brasiliensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="70FB663A92742418538D7EE8FC128E9A" box="[151,976,1754,1776]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1196585/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" startId="0.[151,244,1754,1776]" targetBox="[151,1436,994,1717]" targetPageId="0">
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<paragraph id="243B36B292742418538D7EE8FC128E9A" blockId="0.[151,976,1754,1776]" box="[151,976,1754,1776]" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA092742418538D7EE8FECF8E9A" bold="true" box="[151,269,1754,1776]" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Illustration of
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<taxonomicName id="E3844D319274241852817EE9FDFE8E9A" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[411,572,1755,1776]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA09274241852817EE9FDFE8E9A" box="[411,572,1755,1776]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from “Thesaurus” (Seba, 1734: plate 73).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="243B36B292742418538D7F29FA888F58" blockId="0.[151,1354,1819,1842]" box="[151,1354,1819,1842]" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">
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In Seba’s work (1734: p. 116),
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<taxonomicName id="E3844D319274241852FB7F29FD578F58" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[481,661,1819,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA09274241852FB7F29FD578F58" box="[481,661,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is described in the “
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA092742418506A7F29FAD88F58" box="[880,1306,1819,1842]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">
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<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192742418506A7F29FC128F58" authorityName="Fleutiaux" authorityYear="1899" box="[880,976,1819,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Tabula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">TABULA</taxonomicName>
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SEPTUAGESIMA ET TERTIA
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</emphasis>
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” as:
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6C9E653992742419538D7F52FD1288BB" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="599" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" type="description">
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<paragraph id="243B36B292742418538D7F52FC928F1D" blockId="0.[151,1436,1888,2015]" box="[151,848,1888,1911]" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">
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||
“Num. I.
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA09274241853E67F52FC928F1D" box="[252,848,1888,1911]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">
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<taxonomicName id="E3844D319274241853E67F52FDBE8F1D" authority=", Brasiliensis, de Aguaquaquan" authorityName="Brasiliensis, de Aguaquaquan" box="[252,636,1888,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="598" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bufo, Brasiliensis, de Aguaquaquan</taxonomicName>
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dictus, orbiculatus.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="243B36B292742419538D7FB1FD1288BB" blockId="0.[151,1436,1888,2015]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1435,152,209]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="599" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA092742419538D7FB1FD0788BB" italics="true" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="599" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">
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Bufonum haec species ex Americae proinsulâ
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<collectingCountry id="5C9376229274241851647FB1FD7A8FF0" box="[638,696,1923,1946]" name="Cuba" pageId="0" pageNumber="598">Cubâ</collectingCountry>
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delata est. Crassi, teretesque sunt, & benè pasti. Cutis, ex ruffo lutea, maculis umbrosis subnigricantibus, & granulatis, seu eminentibus punctis, tanquam granulis, per totum corpus supernum distinguitur. Maculae undequaque à capite ad pedes usque quasi flammas mentiuntur. Curti quae colli guttur ornat pictura, elegans collare refert. Oculi insignes ardent. Antici pedes quatuor gerunt digitos, quorum extreme articuli, uti in Ranis Surinamensibus, latiusculi sunt. Postici.
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</emphasis>
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”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6C9E653992752419538D7932FB3B897D" box="[151,1273,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="243B36B292752419538D7932FB3B897D" blockId="1.[151,1273,256,279]" box="[151,1273,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
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Later,
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<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241953C17932FE05897D" box="[219,455,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2022" refString="Laurenti, J. N. (1768) Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatum cum Experimentis Circa Venena et Antidota Reptilium Austriacorum. Joan. Thom. nob. de Trattnern, Wien, Austria, 214 pp." type="book">Laurenti (1768: p. 26)</bibRefCitation>
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briefly indicated in his diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241950577932FBC3897D" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[845,1025,256,279]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241950577932FBC3897D" box="[845,1025,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the following features:
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6C9E653992752419538D7977FBE78936" box="[151,1061,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="243B36B292752419538D7977FBE78936" blockId="1.[151,1061,325,348]" box="[151,1061,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
|
||
“
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||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241953B97977FBD08936" box="[163,1042,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Cinereo-flavescens, maculis rubris flammatis nebulatus, verrucosus, subtus glaber</emphasis>
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.”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6C9E65399275241953DD79B8FB088C7B" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="243B36B29275241953DD79B8FD218ADD" blockId="1.[151,1437,394,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
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These features presented above are, therefore, concordant with those described by
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<bibRefCitation id="40154B4392752419572F79B8FB7B89CB" box="[1077,1209,394,417]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2217" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri Accurata Descriptio, et Iconibus Artificiosissimus Expressio, per Universam Physices Historium. Opus, cui in hoc Rerum Genere, Nullum par Exstitit. Vol. 1. Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amsterdam, 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62760" type="book">Seba (1734)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Subsequently, based on Seba’s (1734) illustration,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241952C8799FFD6989AE" box="[466,683,429,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2278" refString="Shaw, G. (1802) General Zoology or Systematic Natural History. Volume III, Part 1. Amphibia. Thomas Davison, London, 615 pp." type="book">Shaw (1802: p. 160)</bibRefCitation>
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||
provided the following description of
|
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<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419575F799FFB3B89AE" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[1093,1273,429,452]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419575F799FFB3B89AE" box="[1093,1273,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
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||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419561D799FFAE289AE" box="[1287,1312,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">(i)</emphasis>
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head wider than long and
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<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419522979E2FE91898D" box="[307,339,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">(ii)</emphasis>
|
||
rufous or yellowish-brown color pattern, a clearer venter, being all surface body parts with the same and uniform color pattern. Posteriorly,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B4392752419512979C0FD1A8A63" box="[563,728,498,521]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2063" refString="Merrem, B. (1820) Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum. Johann Christian Krieger, Marburg, Hesse (Germany), 337 pp." type="book">Merrem (1820)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, by including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419507479C0FBE08A63" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[878,1058,498,521]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419507479C0FBE08A63" box="[878,1058,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419577379C0FB2A8A63" box="[1129,1256,498,521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bombinator</emphasis>
|
||
genus (allocated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241953AE7A27FEE18A46" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[180,291,533,556]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Bufonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
family to date) denoted the lack of parotoid glands. Thereafter,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241950FD7A27FB178A46" box="[999,1237,533,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2308" refString="Suckow, G. A. (1798) Anfangsgrunde der theoretischen und angewandten Naturgeschichte der Thiere. Dritter Theil, von den Amphibien. Weidmann, Leipzig, 298 pp." type="book">Suckow (1798: p. 70)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized “
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419569B7A27FEF78A25" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Le Crapaud Agua</emphasis>
|
||
” of Lacépède (1788) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241951487A0AFC9E8A25" box="[594,860,568,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref1750" refString="Bonnaterre, P. J. (1789) Tableau Encyclopedique et Methodique des Trois Regnes de la Nature. Erpetologie. A Paris: Chez Panckoucke, libraire, hotel de Thou, rue des Poitevins, MDCCLXXXIX, 71 pp." type="book">Bonnaterre (1789: p. 14)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241950817A0AFB948A25" box="[923,1110,568,591]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241950817A0AFB948A25" box="[923,1110,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Rana brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419576F7A0AFA538A25" authority="Laurenti" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[1141,1425,568,591]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419576F7A0AFAE88A25" box="[1141,1322,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
Laurenti
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, “
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419520B7A68FE128A1B" box="[273,464,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Le Crapaud Agua</emphasis>
|
||
” is clearly a different form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419500C7A68FC468A1B" box="[790,900,602,625]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agua">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419500C7A68FC468A1B" box="[790,900,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo agua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described by Latreille (1801). For this reason, the synonymy indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241952837A4FFDF38AFE" box="[409,561,637,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref1793" refString="Daudin, F. M. (1802) " An. XI ". Histoire Naturelle des Rainettes, des Grenouilles et des Crapauds. Quarto version, Levrault, Paris, 108 pp." type="book">Daudin (1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241951267A4FFDB18AFE" box="[572,627,637,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref1829" refString="Daudin, F. M. (1803) " An. XI ". Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere des Reptiles; Ouvrage Faisant suit a l'Histoire Naturelle Generale et Particuliere, Composee par Leclerc de Buffon; et Redigee par C. S. Sonnini, Membre de Plusieurs Societes Savantes. Vol. 8. F. Dufart, Paris, 472 pp." type="book">1803</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241951AB7A4FFC8F8AFE" box="[689,845,637,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2145" refString="Nieden, F. (1923) Anura I. Subordo Aglossa und Phaneroglossa, Sectio 1. Arcifera, 46. Das Tierreich, 584 pp." type="book">Nieden (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241950C37A4FFB4C8AFE" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[985,1166,637,660]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241950C37A4FFB4C8AFE" box="[985,1166,637,660]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419538D7A92FEA48ADD" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" box="[151,358,672,695]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agua">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419538D7A92FEC78ADD" box="[151,261,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo agua</emphasis>
|
||
Latreille
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241952907A92FDD88ADD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[394,538,672,695]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241952907A92FDD88ADD" box="[394,538,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) is not correct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="243B36B29275241953DD7AF0FD158B0E" blockId="1.[151,1437,394,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
|
||
Based on the illustration and the previous description, we here argue that: (
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241950ED7AF0FC3C8AB3" box="[1015,1022,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">i</emphasis>
|
||
) the color pattern, (
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241957C27AF0FB258AB3" box="[1240,1255,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">ii</emphasis>
|
||
) presence of the extensive foot webbing, (
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241952B37AD7FE7D8A96" box="[425,447,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">iii</emphasis>
|
||
) dilated fingers disc-shaped tip, (
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241950317AD7FCFC8A96" box="[811,830,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">iv</emphasis>
|
||
) lack of parotoid glands, cranial crests and tubercles do not agree with any feature previously mentioned for
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241951DC7B3AFCB68B75" box="[710,884,776,799]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
|
||
Rhinella
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419503D7B3AFCB68B75" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[807,884,776,799]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">marina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which are also expressed to different degrees in all other species of
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419524E7B18FE6C8B2B" box="[340,430,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Rhinella</emphasis>
|
||
. The features listed above support the exclusion of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419576C7B18FAF28B2B" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[1142,1328,810,833]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419576C7B18FAF28B2B" box="[1142,1328,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the synonym list of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241952597B7FFE6C8B0E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[323,430,845,868]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241952597B7FFE6C8B0E" box="[323,430,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">R. marina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and even any bufonid toad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="243B36B29275241953DD7B42FB088C7B" blockId="1.[151,1437,394,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
|
||
A further hindrance to resolving this issue is that the two names in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241957827B42FA938BED" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[1176,1361,880,903]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241957827B42FA938BED" box="[1176,1361,880,903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419567E7B42FE508BC3" authority="Shaw, 1802" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1802" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliana">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419567E7B42FEC78BC3" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Rana brasiliana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B4392752419520B7BA0FE508BC3" box="[273,402,914,937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2278" refString="Shaw, G. (1802) General Zoology or Systematic Natural History. Volume III, Part 1. Amphibia. Thomas Davison, London, 615 pp." type="book">Shaw, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241952C87BA0FD098BC3" box="[466,715,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bombinator maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241951C27BA0FCB48BC3" box="[728,886,914,937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2063" refString="Merrem, B. (1820) Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien. Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum. Johann Christian Krieger, Marburg, Hesse (Germany), 337 pp." type="book">Merrem, 1820</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have no vouchered or referred
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB3F88109275241957FD7BA0FAD78BC3" box="[1255,1301,914,937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material as evidence for verification. There is not any taxonomic information published after the synonymization with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241956317B87FA598BA6" box="[1323,1435,949,972]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agua">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241956317B87FA598BA6" box="[1323,1435,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo agua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
referring to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419520C7BEAFE088B85" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[278,458,984,1007]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419520C7BEAFE088B85" box="[278,458,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the subsequent inclusion of the name by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241950B57BEAFB8B8B85" box="[943,1097,984,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2145" refString="Nieden, F. (1923) Anura I. Subordo Aglossa und Phaneroglossa, Sectio 1. Arcifera, 46. Das Tierreich, 584 pp." type="book">Nieden (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241957897BEAFAE18B85" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1171,1315,984,1007]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241957897BEAFAE18B85" box="[1171,1315,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo marinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241956587BEAFF268C7B" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
|
||
Rhinella
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419538D7BC8FF268C7B" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,228,1018,1041]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">marina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). This seems to be forgotten as it is buried in a long list of synonyms of a “common” species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6C9E65399275241953DD7C2FFB7A8C8B" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="243B36B29275241953DD7C2FFB7A8C8B" blockId="1.[151,1437,394,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB3F88109275241953ED7C2FFEE78C5E" box="[247,293,1053,1076]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241952527C2FFE238C5E" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[328,481,1053,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241952527C2FFE238C5E" box="[328,481,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">B. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the specimen that served as model for Seba’s (1734) illustration (Plate 73, figure 1 and 2). However, there is no further information about this specimen. After his death, Seba´s second collection was sold in Amsterdam in 1752, and different specimens took different destinations (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241950CF7C50FB498C13" box="[981,1163,1122,1145]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref1722" refString="Boeseman, M. (1970) " The vicissitudes and dispersal of Albertus Seba's zoological specimens ". Zoologische Mededelingen, 44, 177 - 206." type="journal article">Boeseman, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, it is difficult to determine the location of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419511E7CB7FD7E8CF6" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[516,700,1157,1180]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419511E7CB7FD7E8CF6" box="[516,700,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB3F88109275241951DC7CB7FCE18CF6" box="[710,803,1157,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. Currently, at least, it is not present in the St. Petersburg Collection which purchased a large part of Seba’s Collection (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241950BF7C9AFB7A8CD5" box="[933,1208,1192,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2094" refString="Milto, K. D. & Barabanov, A. V. (2011) An annotated catalogue of the amphibian types in the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 18, 137 - 153." type="journal article">Milto & Barabanov 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hence, we consider the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB3F88109275241953A47CF8FF2E8C8B" box="[190,236,1226,1249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241952447CF8FE358C8B" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[350,503,1226,1249]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241952447CF8FE358C8B" box="[350,503,1226,1249]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">B. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be probably lost or misidentified during collections exchanges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6C9E65399275241A53DD7CDFFD6D89CB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="600" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="243B36B29275241953DD7CDFFD4F8DBE" blockId="1.[151,1437,394,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB3F88109275241953E27CDFFEE48D6E" box="[248,294,1261,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality initially indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241951767CDFFD2D8D6E" box="[620,751,1261,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2217" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri Accurata Descriptio, et Iconibus Artificiosissimus Expressio, per Universam Physices Historium. Opus, cui in hoc Rerum Genere, Nullum par Exstitit. Vol. 1. Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amsterdam, 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62760" type="book">Seba (1734)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was “
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419502E7CDFFC158D6E" box="[820,983,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
|
||
proinfulâ
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5C9376229275241950877CDFFC158D6E" box="[925,983,1261,1284]" name="Cuba" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Cubâ</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
” (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5C9376229275241950E87CDFFBEE8D6E" box="[1010,1068,1261,1284]" name="Cuba" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
Island).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241957967CDFFAF48D6E" box="[1164,1334,1261,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2022" refString="Laurenti, J. N. (1768) Specimen Medicum, Exhibens Synopsin Reptilium Emendatum cum Experimentis Circa Venena et Antidota Reptilium Austriacorum. Joan. Thom. nob. de Trattnern, Wien, Austria, 214 pp." type="book">Laurenti (1768)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided no information about locality.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241952EA7D22FD568D4D" box="[496,660,1296,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref1951" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Caroli a Linne ... Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima Tertia, Aucta, Reformata / cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin. Volume 1, part 3. Impensis Georg. Emanuel, Beer, Lipsiae, 483 pp." type="book">Gmelin (1789)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
however, indicated “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419509D7D22FC1F8D4D" box="[903,989,1296,1319]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Brasilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Archaeogastropoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419509D7D22FC1F8D4D" box="[903,989,1296,1319]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Brasilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (=
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5C9376229275241957117D22FB8D8D4D" box="[1035,1103,1296,1319]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) as a potential origin of this specimen, perhaps because of the meaning of the name (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241951E67D00FCBD8D23" box="[764,895,1330,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2278" refString="Shaw, G. (1802) General Zoology or Systematic Natural History. Volume III, Part 1. Amphibia. Thomas Davison, London, 615 pp." type="book">Shaw, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both the locality mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241957F07D00FAAF8D23" box="[1258,1389,1330,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2217" refString="Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi Rerum Naturalium Thesauri Accurata Descriptio, et Iconibus Artificiosissimus Expressio, per Universam Physices Historium. Opus, cui in hoc Rerum Genere, Nullum par Exstitit. Vol. 1. Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amsterdam, 560 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62760" type="book">Seba (1734)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the one assigned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241952747D67FDCE8D06" box="[366,524,1365,1388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref1951" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1789) Caroli a Linne ... Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima Tertia, Aucta, Reformata / cura Jo. Frid. Gmelin. Volume 1, part 3. Impensis Georg. Emanuel, Beer, Lipsiae, 483 pp." type="book">Gmelin (1789)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were restricted to South America by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B439275241950837D67FBE78D06" box="[921,1061,1365,1388]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2278" refString="Shaw, G. (1802) General Zoology or Systematic Natural History. Volume III, Part 1. Amphibia. Thomas Davison, London, 615 pp." type="book">Shaw (1802)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, both localities indicated by Gmelin and Shaw lack of support, adding confusion to the origin of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241950917D4AFBE18DE5" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[907,1059,1400,1423]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241950917D4AFBE18DE5" box="[907,1059,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">B. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Besides, there also is a probability that Seba’s locality indication might be an error. We consider that it would be the more conservative to maintain
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5C9376229275241956797DA8FA598DDB" box="[1379,1435,1434,1457]" name="Cuba" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
Island as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB3F88109275241952397D8FFE938DBE" box="[291,337,1469,1492]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241952CE7D8FFD458DBE" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[468,647,1469,1492]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241952CE7D8FFD458DBE" box="[468,647,1469,1492]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="243B36B29275241953DD7DD2FEF58E83" blockId="1.[151,1437,394,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
|
||
Even though we reject the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241951367DD2FD238D9D" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[556,737,1504,1527]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241951367DD2FD238D9D" box="[556,737,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241950B97DD2FB908D9D" box="[931,1106,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
|
||
Rhinella
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419571F7DD2FB908D9D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1029,1106,1504,1527]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">marina</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, it is difficult to know exactly which species or at least which genus could correspond to this name. Based on illustrations and descriptions, we determined that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241952597E17FE198E56" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[323,475,1573,1596]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241952597E17FE198E56" box="[323,475,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">B. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has: (
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241951007E17FDE38E56" box="[538,545,1573,1596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">i</emphasis>
|
||
) a robust body, with apparent scattered granules on dorsum (indicated by small dots among the color spots illustrated) and a smooth venter; (
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241951EA7E7AFD3D8E35" box="[752,767,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">ii</emphasis>
|
||
) a small round to semi-round head; (
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241957917E7AFB638E35" box="[1163,1185,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">iii</emphasis>
|
||
) eyes partially dorsally positioned; (
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241952067E58FEED8EEB" box="[284,303,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">iv</emphasis>
|
||
) robust fore limbs, hands with four round-tipped fingers, without interdigital webbing between fingers; (
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419569D7E58FA518EEB" box="[1415,1427,1642,1665]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">v</emphasis>
|
||
) robust hind limbs, foot with five toes sharply pointed, and well-developed interdigital webbing between toes; and (
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241956767EBFFABD8ECE" box="[1388,1407,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">vi</emphasis>
|
||
) a spotted color pattern, probably gray-reddish background with flaming irregular spots or cream background with brown irregular spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="243B36B29275241A53DD7EC7FD6D89CB" blockId="1.[151,1437,394,2012]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,417]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="600" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">
|
||
We compared the features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241951167EC7FD008F66" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[524,706,1781,1804]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241951167EC7FD008F66" box="[524,706,1781,1804]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with Cuban anuran species recorded by Díaz & Cadíz (2008) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="40154B4392752419538D7F2AFEAF8F45" box="[151,365,1816,1839]" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" refId="ref2173" refString="Rivalta, V., Rodriguez, L., Mancina, C. A. & Iturriaga, M. (2014) Amphibians of Cuba: checklist and geographic distributions. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 145, 1 - 48." type="journal article">Rivalta et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in order to search for its identity.. Features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419507A7F2AFC208F45" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[864,994,1816,1839]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Peltophryne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419507A7F2AFC208F45" box="[864,994,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Peltophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241956197F2AFA5E8F45" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[1283,1436,1816,1839]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241956197F2AFA5E8F45" box="[1283,1436,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">B. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as they have cranial crests, parotoid glands, tubercles, partial toe webbing, fingers and toes tips not expanded. The dorsal color pattern of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419525C7F6FFD6B8F1E" authority="Cope, 1862" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" box="[326,681,1885,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Peltophryne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="empusa">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419525C7F6FFDE08F1E" box="[326,546,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Peltophryne empusa</emphasis>
|
||
Cope, 1862
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241951AF7F6FFBBB8F1E" authority="(Moreno and Rivalta, 2007)" authorityName="Moreno and Rivalta" authorityYear="2007" baseAuthorityName="Moreno and Rivalta" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[693,1145,1885,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Peltophryne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="florentinoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241951AF7F6FFC828F1E" box="[693,832,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">P. florentinoi</emphasis>
|
||
(Moreno and Rivalta, 2007)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241957AE7F6FFF148FFD" authority="(Schwartz, 1960)" authorityName="Schwartz" authorityYear="1960" baseAuthorityName="Schwartz" baseAuthorityYear="1960" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Peltophryne" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fustiger">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241957AE7F6FFAE38F1E" box="[1204,1313,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">P. fustiger</emphasis>
|
||
(Schwartz, 1960)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slightly similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241952A57FB2FD988FFD" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[447,602,1920,1943]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241952A57FB2FD988FFD" box="[447,602,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">B. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241951737FB2FCDC8FFD" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[617,798,1920,1943]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241951737FB2FCDC8FFD" box="[617,798,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241950F37FB2FB688FFD" authorityName="Duméril & Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[1001,1194,1920,1943]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241950F37FB2FB688FFD" box="[1001,1194,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, since the last one lacks toe webbing, and mostly differ in the proportions of head, legs and body. However, among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241957C17F90FA5E8FD3" authorityName="Duméril & Bibron" authorityYear="1841" box="[1243,1436,1954,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241957C17F90FA5E8FD3" box="[1243,1436,1954,1977]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241953EB7FF7FE488FB6" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[241,394,1989,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241953EB7FF7FE488FB6" box="[241,394,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">B. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vaguely resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241951457FF7FC448FB6" authority="Schwartz, 1960" authorityName="Schwartz" authorityYear="1960" box="[607,902,1989,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acnomis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241951457FF7FD148FB6" box="[607,726,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">E. acnomis</emphasis>
|
||
Schwartz, 1960
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D3192752419508B7FF7FBAF8FB6" authority="Dunn, 1926" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1926" box="[913,1133,1989,2012]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="greyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA092752419508B7FF7FC278FB6" box="[913,997,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">E. greyi</emphasis>
|
||
Dunn, 1926
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319275241A57627FF7FEBF88C5" authority="Estrada and Rodriguez, 1985" authorityName="Estrada and Rodriguez" authorityYear="1985" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="600" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="599" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guanahacabibes">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09275241957627FF7FA878FB6" box="[1144,1349,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="599">E. guanahacabibes</emphasis>
|
||
Estrada and Rodriguez, 1985
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319276241A529178AAFD0388C5" authority="(Cope, 1862)" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1862" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[395,705,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="600" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09276241A529178AAFDE488C5" box="[395,550,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="600">E. planirostris</emphasis>
|
||
(Cope, 1862)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319276241A51D478AAFBB988C5" authority="(Dumeril and Bibron, 1841)" authorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[718,1147,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="600" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ricordii">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09276241A51D478AAFCFD88C5" box="[718,831,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="600">E. ricordii</emphasis>
|
||
(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319276241A57AE78AAFF0E88BB" authority="Schwartz, 1959" authorityName="Schwartz" authorityYear="1959" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="600" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09276241A57AE78AAFAEA88C5" box="[1204,1320,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="600">E. thomasi</emphasis>
|
||
Schwartz, 1959
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the irregular spots pattern found on the dorsum of these species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319276241A50F37888FEEF889E" authority="(Dumeril and Bibron, 1841)" authorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteopilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="600" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09276241A50F37888FAC088BB" box="[1001,1282,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="600">Osteopilus septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Duméril and Bibron, 1841)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319276241A52A678EFFD94889E" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[444,598,221,244]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="600" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09276241A52A678EFFD94889E" box="[444,598,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="600">B. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having webbed fingers, partially webbed toes, and proportion of body and head. Color pattern in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319276241A528F7932FD94897D" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril and Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[405,598,256,279]" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteopilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="600" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="septentrionalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09276241A528F7932FD94897D" box="[405,598,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="600">O. septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is variable. Only one color morph with irregular spots dorsally resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319276241A569F7932FED08953" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="600" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09276241A569F7932FED08953" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="600">B. brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the ventral color pattern is different.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3844D319276241A503C7910FC1E8953" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[806,988,290,313]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="600" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09276241A503C7910FC1E8953" box="[806,988,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="600">Bufo brasiliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
thus combines a series of characteristics that makes identification difficult, whereas comparisons with species from outside
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5C9376229276241A571D7977FBFD8936" box="[1031,1087,325,348]" name="Cuba" pageId="2" pageNumber="600">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
would require more information on the probable provenance of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="FB3F88109276241A5117795AFDFC8915" box="[525,574,360,383]" pageId="2" pageNumber="600">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. For that reason, we recommend keeping this name as
|
||
<emphasis id="16F0EAA09276241A5796795AFAF28915" box="[1164,1328,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="600">nomem dubium</emphasis>
|
||
until new evidence is found to evaluate its taxonomic status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |