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<document id="044A18A90D803607E16DC7013D093545" ID-CLB-Dataset="22433" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2015.118" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5496fe1c-b44b-4f41-8766-6ddf73acc355" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779432" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588286741455" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Leduc, Daniel &amp; Verschelde, Dominick" docDate="2015" docId="AC117204FFC70B153B49F9AAFCC2FE69" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2015-118a.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 118" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chromaspirina Filipjev 1918" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="50280A7CFFC40B133976FFD1FFF7FFE4" masterDocTitle="New Spirinia and Stygodesmodora species (Nematoda, Spiriniinae) from the Southwest Pacific, and a revision of the related genera Spirinia, Chromaspirina and Perspiria" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698838263545" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="0E3B1E6194F9F8843F18E91C637881D5">New Spirinia and Stygodesmodora species (Nematoda, Spiriniinae) from the Southwest Pacific, and a revision of the related genera Spirinia, Chromaspirina and Perspiria</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="573B3E8EEABBF54D9B1DEBC839227904">Leduc, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1B07AA47DC4D152A9EB45F39840686FB">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14 - 901, Wellington, New Zealand. Correponding author: Daniel. Leduc @ niwa. co. nz &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 9393949 F- 3426 - 4 EE 2 - 8 BDE-DEFFACE 3 D 9 BC</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E9BA534F85156B518F586EE1773B551">Ghent University - Zoology Museum, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B- 9000 Ghent, Belgium &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 80 C 09028 - E 083 - 4 DF 0 - B 514 - 9 C 92 A 12 ED 78 E</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC70B103B49F9AAFC03F971" box="[575,1012,1658,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B103B49F9AAFC03F971" blockId="3.[575,1012,1658,1685]" box="[575,1012,1658,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC70B103B49F9AAFC03F971" box="[575,1012,1658,1685]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103BE4F9ABFC03F971" authority="Filipjev, 1918" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[658,1012,1658,1685]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103BE4F9ABFCBDF971" bold="true" box="[658,842,1658,1685]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1918
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC70B1039CBF96DFD77F8E1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBF96DFEAFF932" blockId="3.[189,344,1724,1750]" box="[189,344,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC70B1039CBF96DFEAFF932" bold="true" box="[189,344,1724,1750]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBF96DFEAFF932" bold="true" box="[189,344,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC70B1039CBF96DFF0DF932" box="[189,250,1724,1750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBF93AFD77F8E1" blockId="3.[189,640,1771,1797]" box="[189,640,1771,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBF93AFD8BF8E1" authority="Filipjev, 1918" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,636,1771,1797]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pontica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBF93AFE38F8E1" box="[189,463,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chromaspirina pontica</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1918
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC70B1739CBF8FDFC70FE8E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBF8FDFB8BF8A2" blockId="3.[189,1148,1836,1863]" box="[189,1148,1836,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBF8FDFE58F8A2" bold="true" box="[189,431,1836,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
(modified from 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103B06F8FDFCCDF8A2" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[624,826,1836,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria 
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103BC8F8FFFD0FF8A2" box="[702,760,1836,1863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103A05F8FDFB83F8A2" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[883,1140,1836,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi 
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103A80F8FFFBC6F8A2" box="[1014,1073,1836,1863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1739CBF88AFC70FE8E" blockId="3.[189,1399,1883,2014]" lastBlockId="4.[189,1399,266,362]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Robust body with rounded or rectangular head region and short conical tail; fine body annulations. Annulated or non-annulated head region; body annulations envelop the amphideal fovea partly, entirely, or only begin at posterior edge of amphids. Amphideal fovea uni-, crypto- or multispiral, or loopshaped. Cephalic setae at anterior edge or further posteriorly alongside amphids. Distinct buccal cavity, conspicuously cuticularised; large dorsal tooth and smaller subventral teeth; ventral field of denticles may be present. Pharynx with round or oval posterior bulb, sometimes weakly developed, and without cuticularised lumen. Precloacal supplements may be present.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC00B1539CBFE40FCC2FE69" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFE40FEABFE4F" blockId="4.[189,348,401,427]" box="[189,348,401,427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC00B1739CBFE40FEABFE4F" bold="true" box="[189,348,401,427]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFE40FEABFE4F" bold="true" box="[189,348,401,427]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Valid species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFE10FCB8FDC4" blockId="4.[189,1399,448,544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFE10FE08FE3E" authority="Boucher, 1975" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1975" box="[189,511,448,475]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="chabaudi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFE10FEBCFE3E" box="[189,331,448,475]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. chabaudi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173827FE11FE08FE3E" author="Boucher G." box="[337,511,448,474]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref10223" refString="Boucher G. 1975. Nematodes des sables fins infralittoraux de la Pierre Noire (Manche Occidentale). I. Desmodorida. Bulletin de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 285: 101 - 128." type="journal article" year="1975">Boucher, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: ‘‘… a medium-sized dorsal tooth and two small subventral teeth. Anterior portion with twelve chelorhabdia.’’ Drawings show a distinct cuticularised dorsal tooth and subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173B3DFDD7FD00FDC4" author="Boucher G." box="[587,759,518,544]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref10223" refString="Boucher G. 1975. Nematodes des sables fins infralittoraux de la Pierre Noire (Manche Occidentale). I. Desmodorida. Bulletin de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 285: 101 - 128." type="journal article" year="1975">Boucher 1975</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFD98FEE8FD61" blockId="4.[189,1398,584,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFD98FE14FD86" authority="Gerlach, 1952" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1952" box="[189,483,584,611]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="crinita">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFD98FED8FD86" box="[189,303,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. crinita</emphasis>
Gerlach, 1952
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic character: ‘‘The dorsal tooth is massive and extraordinarily strong.’’
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFD7FFAA8FD0E" blockId="4.[189,1399,684,746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFD7FFDD1FD22" authority="(Cobb, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[189,550,684,712]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cylindricollis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFD7FFE8BFD22" box="[189,380,684,712]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. cylindricollis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B1738FBFD7DFDEAFD22" author="Cobb N. A." box="[397,541,684,710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: Only an ‘onchium’ is mentioned, without further comment, but a distinct cuticularised dorsal tooth is visible on the drawing (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173DF8FD01FAA6FD0E" author="Cobb N. A." box="[1166,1361,720,746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb 1920: 325</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFCC3FB56FCCF" blockId="4.[189,1185,785,812]" box="[189,1185,785,812]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFCC3FE4EFCCF" authority="Inglis, 1968" authorityName="Inglis" authorityYear="1968" box="[189,441,785,812]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dubia">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFCC3FED5FCCF" box="[189,290,785,812]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. dubia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B17385FFCC0FE4EFCCF" author="Inglis W. G." box="[297,441,785,811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="29 - 74" refId="ref10828" refString="Inglis W. G. 1968. Interstitial nematodes from St. Vincent's Bay, New Caledonia: Expedition francaise sur les recifs coralliens de la Nouvelle Caledonie. Editions de la Fondation Singer-Polignac, Occasional Publications 2: 29 - 74." type="journal article" year="1968">Inglis, 1968</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing shows a very large dorsal tooth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173AD9FCC0FBCDFCCF" author="Inglis W. G." box="[943,1082,785,811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="29 - 74" refId="ref10828" refString="Inglis W. G. 1968. Interstitial nematodes from St. Vincent's Bay, New Caledonia: Expedition francaise sur les recifs coralliens de la Nouvelle Caledonie. Editions de la Fondation Singer-Polignac, Occasional Publications 2: 29 - 74." type="journal article" year="1968">Inglis 1968</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 53).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFC85FE34FC74" blockId="4.[189,1399,850,912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFC85FE1BFC88" authority="Blome, 1982" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,492,850,878]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gerlachi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFC85FEB3FC88" box="[189,324,850,878]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. gerlachi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173838FC83FE1BFC88" author="Blome D." box="[334,492,850,876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing shows a distinctly cuticularised dorsal tooth and subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B1739B3FCA7FEACFC74" author="Blome D." box="[197,347,886,912]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome 1982</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 20).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFC69FDF5FC10" blockId="4.[189,1398,951,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFC69FE2BFC35" authority="Gerlach, 1963" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,476,951,978]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFC69FEDEFC35" box="[189,297,951,978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. indica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173844FC66FE2BFC35" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[306,476,951,977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing shows a very large dorsal tooth and thickly cuticularised subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173873FC0BFE5DFC10" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[261,426,986,1012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach 1963</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFBCCFCBAFBBD" blockId="4.[189,1399,1052,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFBCCFE02FBD2" authority="Warwick, 1970" authorityName="Warwick" authorityYear="1970" box="[189,501,1052,1079]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inglisi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFBCCFEDAFBD2" box="[189,301,1052,1079]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. inglisi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B17384CFBCDFE02FBD2" author="Warwick R. M." box="[314,501,1052,1078]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="137 - 177" refId="ref11620" refString="Warwick R. M. 1970. Fourteen new species of free-living marine nematodes from the Exe estuary. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 19: 137 - 177." type="journal article" year="1970">
<collectingRegion id="E67C0DF0FFC00B17384CFBCDFE51FBD2" box="[314,422,1052,1078]" country="Bermuda" name="Warwick" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Warwick</collectingRegion>
, 1970
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic character: ‘‘... a prominent heavily cuticularized dorsal tooth...’’; also clear in drawing (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173B42FBEEFD11FBBD" author="Warwick R. M." box="[564,742,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="137 - 177" refId="ref11620" refString="Warwick R. M. 1970. Fourteen new species of free-living marine nematodes from the Exe estuary. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 19: 137 - 177." type="journal article" year="1970">
<collectingRegion id="E67C0DF0FFC00B173B42FBEEFD68FBBD" box="[564,671,1087,1113]" country="Bermuda" name="Warwick" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Warwick</collectingRegion>
1970
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 12).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFB53FE26FB5A" blockId="4.[189,1398,1152,1214]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFB53FE1CFB7E" authority="Gerlach, 1965" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1965" box="[189,491,1152,1180]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lunatica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFB53FEC9FB7E" box="[189,318,1152,1180]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. lunatica</emphasis>
Gerlach, 1965
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic character: ‘‘...a strong dorsal tooth …’’; also clear in drawing (Gerlach 1965: fig. 13).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFB37FB3DFAC6" blockId="4.[189,1399,1253,1314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFB37FD90FB1B" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[189,615,1253,1280]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="madagascarensis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFB37FE59FB1B" box="[189,430,1253,1280]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. madagascarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B1738CCFB34FD90FB1B" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[442,615,1253,1279]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: ‘‘...a rather large dorsal tooth …’’; drawing shows a large and thick dorsal tooth and subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173ABBFAD9FB85FAC6" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[973,1138,1288,1314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach 1953</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFA9AFE0EFA63" blockId="4.[189,1399,1354,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFA9AFE12FA80" authority="Bussau, 1993" authorityName="Bussau" authorityYear="1993" box="[189,485,1354,1381]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="modesta">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFA9AFEB7FA80" box="[189,320,1354,1381]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. modesta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173833FA9BFE12FA80" author="Bussau C." box="[325,485,1354,1380]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref10258" refString="Bussau C. 1993. Taxonomische und Okologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. PhD Thesis, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat der Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Germany." type="book" year="1993">Bussau, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Drawing shows a large, heavily cuticularised dorsal tooth and subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B1739B3FABCFE95FA63" author="Bussau C." box="[197,354,1389,1415]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref10258" refString="Bussau C. 1993. Taxonomische und Okologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. PhD Thesis, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultat der Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel, Germany." type="book" year="1993">Bussau 1993</bibRefCitation>
: figs 55–57).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBFA7EFC54F9EB" blockId="4.[189,1399,1454,1551]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBFA7EFE0FFA2C" authority="Jayasree" authorityName="Jayasree" box="[189,504,1454,1481]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="multipapillata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBFA7EFE7EFA2C" box="[189,393,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. multipapillata</emphasis>
Jayasree
</taxonomicName>
&amp; 
<collectingRegion id="E67C0DF0FFC00B173B53FA7FFD66FA2C" box="[549,657,1454,1480]" country="Bermuda" name="Warwick" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Warwick</collectingRegion>
, 1977. Main diagnostic characters: ‘‘Buccal cavity bearing a dorsal tooth and two small subventral teeth’’; drawing unclear. It is difficult to draw a firm conclusion from the description and hence this species is left in this genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBF9E6FBEDF997" blockId="4.[189,1398,1590,1651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBF9E6FD55F9B4" authority="Luc &amp; De Coninck, 1959" authorityName="Luc &amp; De Coninck" authorityYear="1959" box="[189,674,1590,1617]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parapontica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBF9E6FE99F9B5" box="[189,366,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. parapontica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173800F9E7FD55F9B4" author="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P." box="[374,674,1590,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="108 - 166" refId="ref11015" refString="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P. 1959. Nematodes libres marins de la region de Roscoff. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 98: 108 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Luc &amp; De Coninck, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: ‘‘Large dorsal tooth...’’; drawing shows a large dagger-like dorsal tooth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173BFDF988FC44F997" author="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P." box="[651,947,1625,1651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="108 - 166" refId="ref11015" refString="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P. 1959. Nematodes libres marins de la region de Roscoff. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 98: 108 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Luc &amp; De Coninck 1959</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 35).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBF94DFC65F93C" blockId="4.[189,1399,1691,1752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBF94DFE28F951" authority="Gerlach, 1954" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1954" box="[189,479,1691,1718]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pellita">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBF94DFEDBF951" box="[189,300,1691,1718]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. pellita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173840F94AFE28F951" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[310,479,1691,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="95 - 110" refId="ref10667" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1954. Nouveaux nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales francaises. Vie et Milieu 4: 95 - 110." type="journal article" year="1954">Gerlach, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(synonym: 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B173B19F94DFC4AF951" authority="Boucher, 1975" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1975" box="[623,957,1691,1718]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="renaudae">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B173B19F94DFCF5F951" box="[623,770,1691,1718]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. renaudae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173A7DF94AFC4AF951" author="Boucher G." box="[779,957,1691,1717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref10223" refString="Boucher G. 1975. Nematodes des sables fins infralittoraux de la Pierre Noire (Manche Occidentale). I. Desmodorida. Bulletin de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 285: 101 - 128." type="journal article" year="1975">Boucher, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Drawing shows a very large dorsal tooth and conspicuous subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173BE2F96FFCCDF93C" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[660,826,1726,1752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="95 - 110" refId="ref10667" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1954. Nouveaux nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales francaises. Vie et Milieu 4: 95 - 110." type="journal article" year="1954">Gerlach 1954</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBF8D0FEACF8D9" blockId="4.[189,1399,1791,1853]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBF8D0FE15F8FD" authority="Filipjev, 1918" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,482,1791,1819]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pontica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBF8D0FEC1F8FE" box="[189,310,1793,1819]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. pontica</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1918
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic character: ‘‘Three teeth…: one large dorsal …, and two small subventrals.’’
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC00B1739CBF8B4FDADF846" blockId="4.[189,1399,1892,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC00B1739CBF8B4FDE5F89A" authority="De Coninck, 1943" authorityName="De Coninck" authorityYear="1943" box="[189,530,1892,1919]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="thieryi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC00B1739CBF8B4FED9F89A" box="[189,302,1892,1919]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. thieryi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B173840F8B5FDE5F89A" author="De Coninck L. A." box="[310,530,1892,1918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="193 - 220" refId="ref10501" refString="De Coninck L. A. 1943. Sur quelques especes nouvelles de nematodes libres des eaux et des terres saumatres de l'Islande. Biologisch Jaarboek 10: 193 - 220." type="journal article" year="1943">De Coninck, 1943</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic character: “…with strong dorsal tooth... ”; also clear in drawing (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC00B17385BF856FDF6F845" author="De Coninck L. A." box="[301,513,1927,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="193 - 220" refId="ref10501" refString="De Coninck L. A. 1943. Sur quelques especes nouvelles de nematodes libres des eaux et des terres saumatres de l'Islande. Biologisch Jaarboek 10: 193 - 220." type="journal article" year="1943">De Coninck 1943</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFEDAFB5DFEA3" blockId="5.[189,1398,266,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFEDAFD45FEC0" authority="Verschelde &amp; Vincx, 1996" authorityName="Verschelde &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1996" box="[189,690,266,293]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="vanreuselae">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFEDAFE99FEC0" box="[189,366,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. vanreuselae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163803FEDBFD45FEC0" author="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[373,690,266,292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11371" refString="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1996. Four new species of the family Desmodoridae (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea) from Kenya. Zoologica Scripta 25: 1 - 20. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00148. x" type="journal article" year="1996">Verschelde &amp; Vincx, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: “…with huge dorsal tooth and smaller single ventral tooth”; also clear in drawing (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163A68FEFCFBA5FEA3" author="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[798,1106,301,327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref11371" refString="Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1996. Four new species of the family Desmodoridae (Nematoda, Desmodoroidea) from Kenya. Zoologica Scripta 25: 1 - 20. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1996. tb 00148. x" type="journal article" year="1996">Verschelde &amp; Vincx 1996</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFEBCFE46FE6C" blockId="5.[189,433,365,392]" box="[189,433,365,392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC10B1639CBFEBCFE46FE6C" bold="true" box="[189,433,365,392]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFEBCFE46FE6C" bold="true" box="[189,433,365,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Species inquirendae</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFE4FFBA1FE53" blockId="5.[189,1110,413,440]" box="[189,1110,413,440]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFE4FFDFBFE53" authority="(De Man, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="De Man" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[189,524,413,440]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amabilis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFE4FFEB3FE53" box="[189,324,413,440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. amabilis</emphasis>
(De Man, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
. Considered 
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BD5FE4FFC88FE53" box="[675,895,413,439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">species inquirenda</emphasis>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163ADDFE4CFBA5FE53" author="Jensen P." box="[939,1106,413,439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref10871" refString="Jensen P. 1978. Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta 7: 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFE0EFBC4FE1C" blockId="5.[189,1075,478,505]" box="[189,1075,478,505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFE0EFE1FFE1C" authority="Chitwood, 1938" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1938" box="[189,488,478,505]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cobbi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFE0EFED7FE1C" box="[189,288,478,505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. cobbi</emphasis>
Chitwood, 1938
</taxonomicName>
. Considered 
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BF6FE31FCABFE1C" box="[640,860,478,505]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">species inquirenda</emphasis>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163AFEFE0FFBD8FE1C" author="Jensen P." box="[904,1071,478,504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref10871" refString="Jensen P. 1978. Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta 7: 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFDF0FB5FFDDE" blockId="5.[189,1192,544,571]" box="[189,1192,544,571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFDF0FE2BFDDE" authority="Wieser, 1954" authorityName="Wieser" authorityYear="1954" box="[189,476,544,571]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFDF0FECFFDDE" box="[189,312,544,571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. robusta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163849FDF1FE2BFDDE" author="Wieser W." box="[319,476,544,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref11656" refString="Wieser W. 1954. Free-living nematodes II. Chromadoroidea. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, N. F. Avd. 2 50 (16): 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1954">Wieser, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Considered 
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163B02FDF0FCA7FDDE" box="[628,848,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">species inquirenda</emphasis>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163A0DFDF1FB53FDDE" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[891,1188,544,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFDB0FED8FD9F" blockId="5.[189,303,609,635]" box="[189,303,609,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC10B1639CBFDB0FED8FD9F" bold="true" box="[189,303,609,635]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFDB0FED8FD9F" bold="true" box="[189,303,609,635]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFD41FE52FCBE" blockId="5.[189,1399,656,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFD41FD31FD4E" authority="(Cobb, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[189,710,656,682]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cylindricollis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFD41FDE0FD4E" box="[189,535,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina cylindricollis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163B5BFD41FD49FD4E" author="Cobb N. A." box="[557,702,656,682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(synonym: 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A28FD41FADEFD4E" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[862,1321,656,682]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Mesodorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cylindricollis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A28FD41FB7EFD4E" box="[862,1161,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mesodorus cylindricollis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163DE0FD41FADEFD4E" author="Cobb N. A." box="[1174,1321,656,682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). This species was in our opinion rightly transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A76FD62FC45FD29" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[768,946,691,717]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A76FD62FC45FD29" box="[768,946,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it was described with an annulated head region. 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163814FD07FDA3FD14" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[354,596,726,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria 
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1638C3FD09FE01FD14" box="[437,502,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
, however, mistakenly showed a drawing of the head capsule of 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFD28FCF7FCF7" authority="Daday, 1899" authorityName="Daday" authorityYear="1899" box="[189,768,761,787]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Pseudochromadora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="quadripapillata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFD28FD94FCF7" box="[189,611,761,787]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pseudochromadora quadripapillata</emphasis>
Daday, 1899
</taxonomicName>
(synonym: 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163AFAFD2AFABCFCF7" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[908,1355,761,788]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Micromicron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cephalatum">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163AFAFD2AFB41FCF7" box="[908,1206,761,788]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Micromicron cephalatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163DCBFD28FABCFCF7" author="Cobb N. A." box="[1213,1355,761,787]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), in their key to 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B16383EFCCDFE0DFCD2" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[328,506,796,822]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B16383EFCCDFE0DFCD2" box="[328,506,796,822]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, instead of the non-annulated head region of 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163D12FCCFFAD7FCD2" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1124,1312,796,824]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Mesodorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cylindricollis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D12FCCFFAD7FCD2" box="[1124,1312,796,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. cylindricollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163C58FCCDFEC9FCBE" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria 
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFC90FF0FFCBE" box="[189,248,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 26).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFC50FCB0FB51" blockId="5.[189,1399,897,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFC50FD26FC7F" authority="(Gerlach, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[189,721,897,923]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFC50FDF7FC7F" box="[189,512,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina denticulata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163B60FC50FD3FFC7F" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[534,712,897,923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This species was originally described as 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163D94FC50FEBBFC5A" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D94FC50FEBBFC5A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus denticulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B16382CFC75FD7CFC5A" author="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P." box="[346,651,932,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="108 - 166" refId="ref11015" refString="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P. 1959. Nematodes libres marins de la region de Roscoff. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 98: 108 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Luc &amp; De Coninck (1959)</bibRefCitation>
later synonymized 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A06FC75FBF3FC5A" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[880,1028,932,958]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A06FC75FBF3FC5A" box="[880,1028,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163D33FC75FB00FC5A" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[1093,1271,932,958]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D33FC75FB00FC5A" box="[1093,1271,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B1639CBFC16FE95FC05" author="Jensen P." box="[189,354,967,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref10871" refString="Jensen P. 1978. Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta 7: 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
rightly re-established the genus and re-instated 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163AEDFC16FA80FC05" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[923,1399,967,993]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163AEDFC16FB30FC05" box="[923,1223,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus denticulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163DB9FC16FA80FC05" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[1231,1399,967,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid combination. However, he gave the wrong species authority in his identification key (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163C58FC3AFF0FFBCC" author="Cobb N. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
instead of 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163808FBDFFDDDFBCC" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[382,554,1038,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163B36FBDFFCD5FBCC" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[576,802,1038,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria 
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BF9FBDEFD3CFBCC" box="[655,715,1038,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
included 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163AEFFBDEFB19FBCC" authority="(Gerlach, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[921,1262,1038,1065]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticula">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163AEFFBDEFBDDFBCC" box="[921,1066,1038,1065]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. denticula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163D4DFBDFFB11FBCC" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[1083,1254,1038,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163C77FBDEFA97FBCC" box="[1281,1376,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">erratum</emphasis>
?) in their list of invalid 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1638A3FBE0FD70FBAF" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[469,647,1073,1099]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1638A3FBE0FD70FBAF" box="[469,647,1073,1099]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. In conclusion, we recognize the re-establishment of 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFB85FD61FB8A" authority="Gerlach, 1953" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[189,662,1108,1134]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFB85FE1FFB8A" box="[189,488,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus denticulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163899FB85FD61FB8A" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[495,662,1108,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid combination (as suggested by 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163D00FB85FAF0FB8A" author="Jensen P." box="[1142,1287,1108,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref10871" refString="Jensen P. 1978. Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta 7: 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen 1978</bibRefCitation>
) with the synonyms 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B16384DFBA6FCCCFB75" authority="(Gerlach, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[315,827,1143,1169]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B16384DFBA6FD8FFB75" box="[315,632,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina denticulata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163BF1FBA6FCC6FB75" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[647,817,1143,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A30FBA6FAF7FB75" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[838,1280,1143,1169]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticulatus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A30FBA6FB87FB75" box="[838,1136,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus denticulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163D01FBA6FAF7FB75" author="Cobb N. A." box="[1143,1280,1143,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC10B163C71FBA6FA85FB75" box="[1287,1394,1143,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163999FB4AFD21FB51" authority="(Gerlach, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[239,726,1179,1205]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="denticula">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163999FB4AFDE2FB51" box="[239,533,1179,1205]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina denticula</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163B53FB4AFD39FB51" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[549,718,1179,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="73 - 86" refId="ref10625" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1953. Recherches sur la faune des eaux interstitielles de Madagascar. III. Sur quelques nematodes libres des eaux souterraines littorales de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar 8: 73 - 86." type="journal article" year="1953">Gerlach, 1953</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC10B163BA8FB4AFCB0FB51" box="[734,839,1179,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFB0DFD69FAFD" blockId="5.[189,1399,1244,1305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFB0DFD54FB12" authority="(Hopper, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Hopper" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[189,675,1244,1270]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dimorpha">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFB0DFE1FFB12" box="[189,488,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina dimorpha</emphasis>
(Hopper, 1961)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163BADFB0CFC08FB12" authority="(Wieser, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[731,1023,1244,1271]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inflexa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BADFB0CFCBCFB13" box="[731,843,1244,1271]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. inflexa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163A2CFB0DFC00FB12" author="Wieser W." box="[858,1015,1244,1270]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref11656" refString="Wieser W. 1954. Free-living nematodes II. Chromadoroidea. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, N. F. Avd. 2 50 (16): 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1954">Wieser, 1954</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
were rightly transferred back to 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFB2EFEB1FAFD" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1889" box="[189,326,1279,1305]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Desmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFB2EFEB1FAFD" box="[189,326,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Desmodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163807FB2EFD6DFAFD" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[369,666,1279,1305]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBFA90FA93FA0C" blockId="5.[189,1398,1345,1512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBFA90FD51FABF" authority="Jensen, 1985" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1985" box="[189,678,1345,1371]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBFA90FE08FABF" box="[189,511,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina longisetosa</emphasis>
Jensen, 1985
</taxonomicName>
. This species was transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163D44FA90FB31FABF" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1074,1222,1345,1371]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D44FA90FB31FABF" box="[1074,1222,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163DACFA93FACEFABF" box="[1242,1337,1346,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">erratum</emphasis>
?) by 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B1639CBFAB5FE2EFA9A" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[189,473,1380,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi 
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163834FAB4FE88FA9A" box="[322,383,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
, but later transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163B8AFAB5FC75FA9A" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[764,898,1380,1406]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163B8AFAB5FC75FA9A" box="[764,898,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163AC4FAB5FB23FA9A" author="Verschelde D. &amp; Gourbault N. &amp; Vincx M." box="[946,1236,1380,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="75 - 112" refId="ref11424" refString="Verschelde D., Gourbault N. &amp; Vincx M. 1998. Revision of Desmodora with descriptions of new desmodorids (Nematoda) from hydrothermal vents of the Pacific. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78: 75 - 112. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400039977" type="journal article" year="1998">
Verschelde 
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D4AFAB4FB8EFA9A" box="[1084,1145,1380,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
. Because this species clearly has a head capsule and cephalic setae located posterior to the amphids, we confirm that it belongs to 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B16384AFA7BFE35FA20" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[316,450,1450,1476]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B16384AFA7BFE35FA20" box="[316,450,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, we propose the combination 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A13FA7BFACBFA20" authority="(Jensen, 1985)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Jensen" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[869,1340,1450,1476]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosum">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A13FA7BFB7BFA20" box="[869,1164,1450,1476]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbonema longisetosum</emphasis>
(Jensen, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
with the synonyms 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163810FA1FFCB2FA0C" authority="Jensen, 1985" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1985" box="[358,837,1486,1512]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163810FA1FFD51FA0C" box="[358,678,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina longisetosa</emphasis>
Jensen, 1985
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A08FA1FFA97FA0C" authority="(Jensen, 1985)" baseAuthorityName="Jensen" baseAuthorityYear="1985" box="[894,1376,1486,1512]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="longisetosus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A08FA1FFB5DFA0C" box="[894,1194,1486,1512]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus longisetosus</emphasis>
(Jensen, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBF9DEFAA3F9A8" blockId="5.[189,1399,1551,1613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBF9DEFD7EF9CD" authority="Gerlach, 1965" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1965" box="[189,649,1551,1577]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lunatica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBF9DEFE2FF9CD" box="[189,472,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina lunatica</emphasis>
Gerlach, 1965
</taxonomicName>
(synonym: 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A61F9C1FBC1F9CD" authority="Gerlach, 1965" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1965" box="[791,1078,1551,1578]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lunata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A61F9C1FC71F9CD" box="[791,902,1551,1578]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. lunata</emphasis>
Gerlach, 1965
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC10B163D49F9DEFB5AF9CD" box="[1087,1197,1551,1577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Gerlach (1965) described 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163843F9E2FE40F9A8" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1965" box="[309,439,1586,1613]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lunatica">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163843F9E2FE40F9A8" box="[309,439,1586,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. lunatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the species is incorrectly labelled as 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163AE9F9E2FBFBF9A8" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1965" box="[927,1036,1586,1613]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="lunata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163AE9F9E2FBFBF9A8" box="[927,1036,1586,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. lunata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a figure caption (p. 132).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBF9A6FDDFF950" blockId="5.[189,1399,1653,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBF9A6FD7DF975" authority="(Cobb, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[189,650,1655,1681]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pellucida">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBF9A6FE12F975" box="[189,485,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina pellucida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163883F9A6FD75F975" author="Cobb N. A." box="[501,642,1655,1681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163BB0F9A9FC01F975" authority="(Cobb, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[710,1014,1655,1682]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BB0F9A9FCA7F975" box="[710,848,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. punctata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163A17F9A6FC1AF975" author="Cobb N. A." box="[865,1005,1655,1681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
were rightly transferred back to 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBF94BFEA6F950" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[189,337,1690,1716]" class="Chromadorea" family="Microlaimidae" genus="Bolbolaimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBF94BFEA6F950" box="[189,337,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbolaimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B16380BF94BFDD2F950" author="Jensen P." box="[381,549,1690,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="159 - 173" refId="ref10871" refString="Jensen P. 1978. Revision of Microlaimidae, erection of Molgolaimidae fam. n., and remarks on the systematic position of Paramicrolaimus (Nematoda, Desmodorida). Zoologica Scripta 7: 159 - 173. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1978. tb 00599. x" type="journal article" year="1978">Jensen (1978)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC10B1639CBF90AFBAEF82D" blockId="5.[189,1399,1755,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBF90AFD61F911" authority="(Gerlach, 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[189,662,1755,1781]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rabosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBF90AFE3DF911" box="[189,458,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina rabosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B1638ABF90AFD7BF911" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[477,652,1755,1781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="202 - 218" refId="ref10692" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1956. Die Nematodenbesiedlung des tropischen Brandungsstrandes von Pernambuco. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 12: 202 - 218." type="journal article" year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This species was originally described as 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163DE4F90AFA81F911" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1956" box="[1170,1398,1755,1781]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Desmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rabosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163DE4F90AFA81F911" box="[1170,1398,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Desmodora rabosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and later transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1638A8F92EFD67F8FD" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[478,656,1791,1817]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1638A8F92EFD67F8FD" box="[478,656,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the same author (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163AE1F92EFBB7F8FD" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[919,1088,1791,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach 1963</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163D2EF92EFA80F8FD" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[1112,1399,1791,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi 
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163DA9F8D1FAEAF8FD" box="[1247,1309,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
argued that the species should be left in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163A5BF8F3FC41F8D8" authorityName="de Man" authorityYear="1889" box="[813,950,1826,1852]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Desmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163A5BF8F3FC41F8D8" box="[813,950,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Desmodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it has “… a well-developed head capsule with the amphids situated outside the rings.” We note, however, that the cephalic setae are situated posterior to the amphids, and this species is therefore transferred to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163D9FF8B9FA98F866" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[1257,1391,1896,1922]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163D9FF8B9FA98F866" box="[1257,1391,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbonema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, we propose the combination 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163B21F85AFBFCF841" authority="(Gerlach, 1956)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[599,1035,1931,1957]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Bolbonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rabosum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163B21F85AFCBCF841" box="[599,843,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Bolbonema rabosum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163A2CF85AFBF5F841" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[858,1026,1931,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="202 - 218" refId="ref10692" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1956. Die Nematodenbesiedlung des tropischen Brandungsstrandes von Pernambuco. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 12: 202 - 218." type="journal article" year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC10B163D64F85AFB64F841" box="[1042,1171,1931,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
with the synonyms 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B1639CBF87EFDBAF82D" authority="Gerlach, 1956" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1956" box="[189,589,1967,1993]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Desmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rabosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B1639CBF87EFE69F82D" box="[189,414,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Desmodora rabosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B1638D0F87EFDBAF82D" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[422,589,1967,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="202 - 218" refId="ref10692" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1956. Die Nematodenbesiedlung des tropischen Brandungsstrandes von Pernambuco. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 12: 202 - 218." type="journal article" year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC10B163BF3F87EFBA2F82D" authority="(Gerlach, 1956)" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1956" box="[645,1109,1967,1993]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rabosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC10B163BF3F87EFC67F82D" box="[645,912,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Chromaspirina rabosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC10B163AD6F87EFBBBF82D" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[928,1100,1967,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="202 - 218" refId="ref10692" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1956. Die Nematodenbesiedlung des tropischen Brandungsstrandes von Pernambuco. Brasilianische Meeres-Nematoden II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 12: 202 - 218." type="journal article" year="1956">Gerlach, 1956</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC20B1539CBFEDBFCC2FE69" blockId="6.[189,1399,266,397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBFEDBFD33FEC0" authority="(Wieser, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[189,708,266,292]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFEDBFE04FEC0" box="[189,499,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chromaspirina spinulosa</emphasis>
(Wieser, 1959)
</taxonomicName>
. This species was transferred to 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153DF1FEDBFAB1FEC0" authorityName="Schuurmans Stekhoven" authorityYear="1942" box="[1159,1350,266,292]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Metadesmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153DF1FEDBFAB1FEC0" box="[1159,1350,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Metadesmodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B1539CBFEFCFE84FEA3" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[189,371,301,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach (1963)</bibRefCitation>
and then to 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153B64FEFCFD10FEA3" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[530,743,301,327]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Echinodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153B64FEFCFD10FEA3" box="[530,743,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Echinodesmodora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC20B153A6CFEFCFC32FEA3" author="Blome D." box="[794,965,301,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome (1982)</bibRefCitation>
. Thus, we propose the combination 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B1539CBFE81FD26FE8E" authority="(Wieser, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[189,721,336,362]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Echinodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B1539CBFE81FDE7FE8E" box="[189,528,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Echinodesmodora spinulosa</emphasis>
(Wieser, 1959)
</taxonomicName>
with the synonyms 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B153AA1FE81FEF6FE69" authority="(Wieser, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B153AA1FE81FAF0FE8E" box="[983,1287,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Chromaspirina spinulosa</emphasis>
(Wieser, 1959)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC20B15384CFEA2FCC6FE69" authority="(Wieser, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Wieser" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[314,817,371,397]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Metadesmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinulosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC20B15384CFEA2FD8FFE69" box="[314,632,371,397]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Metadesmodora spinulosa</emphasis>
(Wieser, 1959)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>