treatments-xml/data/AC/11/72/AC117204FFC60B103B47F882FC78F9B7.xml
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<document id="902A7A0A57178323AA1C6B9F7F925660" ID-CLB-Dataset="22433" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2015.118" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5496fe1c-b44b-4f41-8766-6ddf73acc355" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779432" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588286741455" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Leduc, Daniel &amp; Verschelde, Dominick" docDate="2015" docId="AC117204FFC60B103B47F882FC78F9B7" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2015-118a.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 118" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Spiriniinae Chitwood 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="50280A7CFFC40B133976FFD1FFF7FFE4" masterDocTitle="New Spirinia and Stygodesmodora species (Nematoda, Spiriniinae) from the Southwest Pacific, and a revision of the related genera Spirinia, Chromaspirina and Perspiria" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698838263545" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7EE5888754CEED6609ED25DD5C3D7F9A">New Spirinia and Stygodesmodora species (Nematoda, Spiriniinae) from the Southwest Pacific, and a revision of the related genera Spirinia, Chromaspirina and Perspiria</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9DEA024B98289C431F26F24BB16D5D44">Leduc, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DD1C9C1B1AA19DC82640CE992E36C335">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14 - 901, Wellington, New Zealand. Correponding author: Daniel. Leduc @ niwa. co. nz &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 9393949 F- 3426 - 4 EE 2 - 8 BDE-DEFFACE 3 D 9 BC</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6C2433585F020D196DBA5BFFEAA1383A">Verschelde, Dominick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="15E0EB575E34B32E19EF0AE26A7041D6">Ghent University - Zoology Museum, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B- 9000 Ghent, Belgium &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 80 C 09028 - E 083 - 4 DF 0 - B 514 - 9 C 92 A 12 ED 78 E</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC60B113B47F882FBF5F889" box="[561,1026,1875,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC60B113B47F882FBF5F889" blockId="2.[561,1026,1875,1901]" box="[561,1026,1875,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113BC5F882FBF5F889" authority="Chitwood, 1936" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1936" box="[691,1026,1875,1901]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spiriniinae">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113BC5F882FCC9F889" bold="true" box="[691,830,1875,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spiriniinae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113A33F882FBF5F889" author="Chitwood B. G." box="[837,1026,1875,1901]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10396" refString="Chitwood B. G. 1936. Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 3: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1936">Chitwood, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC60B1139CBF844FCB8F839" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC60B1139CBF844FEBDF84B" blockId="2.[189,330,1941,1967]" box="[189,330,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC60B1139CBF844FEBDF84B" bold="true" box="[189,330,1941,1967]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B1139CBF844FEBDF84B" bold="true" box="[189,330,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC60B1139CBF844FF0DF84B" box="[189,250,1941,1967]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
genus
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC60B1139CBF815FCB8F839" blockId="2.[189,847,1987,2014]" box="[189,847,1987,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B1139CBF815FE3EF839" authority="Gerlach, 1963" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,457,1987,2014]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B1139CBF815FEEBF83A" box="[189,284,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spirinia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113855F812FE3EF839" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[291,457,1987,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC60B113B23F815FCB5F839" authority="Bastian, 1865" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[597,834,1987,2014]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC60B113B23F815FD62F83A" box="[597,661,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spira</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC60B113BEAF812FCB5F839" author="Bastian H. C." box="[668,834,1987,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref10156" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25: 73 - 184." type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC70B1039CBFEDBFE67FDC8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFEDBFD40FEC0" blockId="3.[189,695,266,292]" box="[189,695,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFEDBFEC1FEC0" bold="true" box="[189,310,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(from
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B1038F1FEDBFD59FEC0" author="Decraemer W. &amp; Smol N." box="[391,686,266,292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="497 - 573" refId="ref10573" refString="Decraemer W. &amp; Smol N. 2006. Orders Chromadorida, Desmodorida and Desmoscolecida. In: Abebe E. - A., Transpurger W. &amp; Andrassy I. (eds) Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and Taxonomy: 497 - 573. UK CABI Publishing, Cambridge." type="book chapter" year="2006">Decraemer &amp; Smol 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFEE9FBACFE7C" blockId="3.[189,1399,312,408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Member of
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103827FEE9FDF7FEB6" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[337,512,312,338]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Desmodoridae</taxonomicName>
. Body cuticle with fine annulations. Head not demarcated as a cephalic capsule. Amphideal fovea usually a simple spiral. Buccal cavity small or large, with a distinct or a minute dorsal tooth; two small ventrosublateral teeth may be present or absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFE11FE3EFE3E" blockId="3.[189,457,448,474]" box="[189,457,448,474]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC70B1039CBFE11FE3EFE3E" bold="true" box="[189,457,448,474]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFE11FE3EFE3E" bold="true" box="[189,457,448,474]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Differential diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFE3FFE67FDC8" blockId="3.[189,1399,494,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
This subfamily is similar to the
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103B4FFE3FFD13FDEC" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1922" box="[569,740,494,520]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Desmodorinae">Desmodorinae</taxonomicName>
but can be differentiated from the latter by the absence of a head capsule.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC70B1039CBFD82FC78F9B7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFD82FED8FD89" blockId="3.[189,303,595,621]" box="[189,303,595,621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC70B1039CBFD82FED8FD89" bold="true" box="[189,303,595,621]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFD82FED8FD89" bold="true" box="[189,303,595,621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFD53FEBCFC8B" blockId="3.[189,1399,642,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
The tribe
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103847FD53FE5AFD78" box="[305,429,642,668]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Spirinacea">Spirinacea</taxonomicName>
was originally established by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103A61FD53FC13FD78" author="Chitwood B. G." box="[791,996,642,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10396" refString="Chitwood B. G. 1936. Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 3: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1936">Chitwood (1936)</bibRefCitation>
, before being raised to subfamily, family and superfamily rank by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103B43FD74FCEDFD5B" author="De Coninck L. A." box="[565,794,677,703]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="586 - 681" refId="ref10533" refString="De Coninck L. A. 1965. Classe des Nematodes: Systematique des nematodes et sous-classe des Adenophorea. In: Grasse P. P. (ed.) Traite de Zoologie 4: 586 - 681." type="journal article" year="1965">De Coninck (1965)</bibRefCitation>
. According to the Principle of Coordination (ICZN, 1999, Article 36), “a name established for a taxon at any rank in the family group is deemed to have been simultaneously established for nominal taxa at all other ranks in the family group; (…). The name has the same authorship and date at every rank.” The appropriate authorship for
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103D47FCDFFB45FCCC" authorityName="Chitwood" authorityYear="1936" box="[1073,1202,782,808]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spiriniinae">Spiriniinae</taxonomicName>
should therefore be attributed to
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103803FCE3FDB6FCA8" author="Chitwood B. G." box="[373,577,818,844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref10396" refString="Chitwood B. G. 1936. Some marine nematodes from North Carolina. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 3: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1936">Chitwood (1936)</bibRefCitation>
, and not
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103BDCFCE3FC15FCA8" author="Gerlach S. A. &amp; Murphy D. G." box="[682,994,818,844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="211 - 216" refId="ref10797" refString="Gerlach S. A. &amp; Murphy D. G. 1965. Die Familiengruppen-Namen der freilebenden Nematoden- Adenophorea (Aphasmidia). Zoologischer Anzeiger 175: 211 - 216." type="journal article" year="1965">Gerlach &amp; Murphy (1965)</bibRefCitation>
, as is often done (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103D9AFCE3FEC8FC8B" author="Armenteros M. &amp; Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref10102" refString="Armenteros M., Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2014. Revision of Desmodorinae and Spiriniinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) with redescription of eight known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 96: 1 - 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.96" type="journal article" year="2014">
Armenteros
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFC87FF0FFC8B" box="[189,248,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFC47FC64FC54" blockId="3.[189,915,918,945]" box="[189,915,918,945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFC47FEACFC54" bold="true" box="[189,347,918,944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Valid genera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B10381CFC47FD86FC54" author="Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Da Silva M. C. &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[362,625,918,945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="109 - 118" refId="ref10339" refString="Cavalcanti M. F., Da Silva M. C., Da Fonseca-Genevois V. 2009. Spirodesma magdae nov. gen. nov. sp. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian deep sea (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Zootaxa 2096: 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="2009">
Cavalcanti
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103887FC49FDDCFC54" box="[497,555,918,945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103B0DFC47FC7CFC54" author="Armenteros M. &amp; Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[635,907,918,945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 32" refId="ref10102" refString="Armenteros M., Ruiz-Abierno A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2014. Revision of Desmodorinae and Spiriniinae (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) with redescription of eight known species. European Journal of Taxonomy 96: 1 - 32. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2014.96" type="journal article" year="2014">
Armenteros
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103A7BFC49FCBFFC54" box="[781,840,918,945]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFC14FE15FC3B" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,482,965,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFC14FE15FC3B" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[189,482,965,991]" class="Adenophorea" family="Axonolaimidae" genus="Alaimonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFC14FEA6FC3B" box="[189,337,965,991]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Alaimonema</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B10382FFC14FE15FC3B" author="Cobb N. A." box="[345,482,965,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFC39FDEDFBE6" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,538,1000,1026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFC39FDEDFBE6" authority="Filipjev, 1918" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,538,1000,1026]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFC39FE98FBE6" box="[189,367,1000,1026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1918
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFBDAFDC3FBC1" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,564,1035,1061]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFBDAFDC3FBC1" authority="Filipjev, 1918" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[189,564,1035,1061]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Metachromadora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFBDAFE7EFBC1" box="[189,393,1035,1061]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Metachromadora</emphasis>
Filipjev, 1918
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFBE1FE7CFBAC" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,395,1070,1098]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFBE1FE7CFBAC" authority="Cobb, 1891" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1891" box="[189,395,1070,1098]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Onyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFBE1FF0CFBAE" box="[189,251,1072,1098]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Onyx</emphasis>
Cobb, 1891
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFB83FD91FB88" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,614,1106,1132]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFB83FD91FB88" authority="Verschelde et al., 1995" authorityName="Verschelde" authorityYear="1995" box="[189,614,1106,1132]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Papillonema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFB83FEA4FB88" box="[189,339,1106,1132]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Papillonema</emphasis>
Verschelde
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103894FB82FDEBFB88" box="[482,540,1106,1132]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFBA4FD28FB6B" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,735,1141,1167]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFBA4FD28FB6B" authority="Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950" authorityName="Schuurmans Stekhoven" authorityYear="1950" box="[189,735,1141,1167]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Paradesmodora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFBA4FE8DFB6B" box="[189,378,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Paradesmodora</emphasis>
Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFB49FDD2FB56" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,549,1176,1202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFB49FDD2FB56" authority="Boucher, 1975" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1975" box="[189,549,1176,1202]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Parallelocoilas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFB49FE85FB56" box="[189,370,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Parallelocoilas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B10380FFB49FDD2FB56" author="Boucher G." box="[377,549,1176,1202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref10223" refString="Boucher G. 1975. Nematodes des sables fins infralittoraux de la Pierre Noire (Manche Occidentale). I. Desmodorida. Bulletin de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 285: 101 - 128." type="journal article" year="1975">Boucher, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFB6CFDBDFB31" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,586,1211,1238]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFB6CFDBDFB31" authority="Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[189,586,1211,1238]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFB6CFEDBFB32" box="[189,300,1213,1238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Perspiria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103845FB6AFDBDFB31" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[307,586,1211,1237]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFB0FFE3EFB1C" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,457,1246,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFB0FFE3EFB1C" authority="Cobb, 1920" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1920" box="[189,457,1246,1272]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Polysigma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFB0FFECEFB1C" box="[189,313,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Polysigma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103836FB0FFE3EFB1C" author="Cobb N. A." box="[320,457,1246,1272]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="217 - 343" refId="ref10423" refString="Cobb N. A. 1920. One hundred new nemas (type species of 100 new genera). Contributions to a Science of Nematology 9: 217 - 343." type="journal article" year="1920">Cobb, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFAD3FD84FAF8" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,627,1282,1308]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFAD3FD84FAF8" authority="Timm, 1952" authorityName="Timm" authorityYear="1952" box="[189,627,1282,1308]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Pseudometachromadora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFAD3FE2BFAF8" box="[189,476,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Pseudometachromadora</emphasis>
Timm, 1952
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFAF4FD68FADB" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,671,1317,1343]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFAF4FD68FADB" authority="Hope &amp; Murphy, 1972" authorityName="Hope &amp; Murphy" authorityYear="1972" box="[189,671,1317,1343]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Sigmophoranema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFAF4FE7BFADB" box="[189,396,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sigmophoranema</emphasis>
Hope &amp; Murphy, 1972
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFA98FE3EFA86" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,457,1352,1379]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFA98FE3EFA86" authority="Gerlach, 1963" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,457,1352,1379]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFA98FEEBFA87" box="[189,284,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spirinia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103855FA99FE3EFA86" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[291,457,1352,1378]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFABAFDA0FA61" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,599,1387,1414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFABAFDA0FA61" authority="Cavalcanti et al., 2009" authorityName="Cavalcanti" authorityYear="2009" box="[189,599,1387,1414]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirodesma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFABAFEB1FA61" box="[189,326,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spirodesma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B103838FABAFDA0FA61" author="Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Da Silva M. C. &amp; Da Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[334,599,1387,1414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="109 - 118" refId="ref10339" refString="Cavalcanti M. F., Da Silva M. C., Da Fonseca-Genevois V. 2009. Spirodesma magdae nov. gen. nov. sp. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian deep sea (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Zootaxa 2096: 109 - 118." type="journal article" year="2009">
Cavalcanti
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1038A4FABCFDFAFA61" box="[466,525,1387,1414]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFA5FFDD7FA4C" blockId="3.[189,735,965,1448]" box="[189,544,1422,1448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFA5FFDD7FA4C" authority="Blome, 1982" authorityName="Blome" authorityYear="1982" box="[189,544,1422,1448]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Stygodesmodora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFA5FFE76FA4C" box="[189,385,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Stygodesmodora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC70B1038FEFA5FFDD7FA4C" author="Blome D." box="[392,544,1422,1448]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref10200" refString="Blome D. 1982. Systematik der Nematoda eines Sandstrandes der Nordseeinsel Sylt. Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 86: 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Blome, 1982</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC70B1039CBFA01FC78F9B7" blockId="3.[189,1398,1488,1619]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
We provide emended diagnoses and updated lists of valid species for
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103D60FA01FB3FFA0E" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[1046,1224,1488,1514]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103D60FA01FB3FFA0E" box="[1046,1224,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B103DADFA00FACDFA0F" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[1243,1338,1489,1515]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B103DADFA00FACDFA0F" box="[1243,1338,1489,1515]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC70B1039CBFA24FEDBF9EA" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[189,300,1525,1550]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC70B1039CBFA24FEDBF9EA" box="[189,300,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Perspiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below to clarify the distinctions between them. These lists are based on the original and any subsequent descriptions; as many of the original descriptions (especially early ones) lack
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC70B103DA3F9C7FAFFF9D4" box="[1237,1288,1558,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
material, we often had to rely on short descriptions and/or illustrations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>