plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/AC/11/72/AC117204FFC30B1B3B1FFD7DFD14F85E.xml
maintenance 46005ee67e added AC
2024-06-21 12:47:31 +02:00

425 lines
54 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="BF4A95E3433414D87C6C4A6A24F04C19" ID-CLB-Dataset="22433" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2015.118" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5496fe1c-b44b-4f41-8766-6ddf73acc355" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3779432" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588286741455" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Leduc, Daniel &amp; Verschelde, Dominick" docDate="2015" docId="AC117204FFC30B1B3B1FFD7DFD14F85E" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2015-118a.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 118" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Spirinia Gerlach 1963" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="50280A7CFFC40B133976FFD1FFF7FFE4" masterDocTitle="New Spirinia and Stygodesmodora species (Nematoda, Spiriniinae) from the Southwest Pacific, and a revision of the related genera Spirinia, Chromaspirina and Perspiria" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698838263545" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="6366CC10398E40B2B730333C4BD1B0E5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="6EA6415736FE44AE201372F3A7019E2F">
<mods:title id="137999136481B33337FE1F3987D212C8">New Spirinia and Stygodesmodora species (Nematoda, Spiriniinae) from the Southwest Pacific, and a revision of the related genera Spirinia, Chromaspirina and Perspiria</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0DFC9C5F8199EFBAD0206252FB9248D1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="47595404CA74C16EC39E3001E2276E68">
<mods:roleTerm id="50A7109749E57F3EE5F38BBCD2F547BD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5D8119C3EE2CDC591A357FDEF948B206">Leduc, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B6D4323400B1A3A0EE9B857373CA68F0" type="LSID">9393949F-3426-4EE2-8BDE-DEFFACE3D9BC</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5931295D14B418A90B3499435F884D4E">National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14 - 901, Wellington, New Zealand. Correponding author: Daniel. Leduc @ niwa. co. nz &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 9393949 F- 3426 - 4 EE 2 - 8 BDE-DEFFACE 3 D 9 BC</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C35DCCBE54022735E80E96A27E5BC202" type="personal">
<mods:role id="32CD6A670C300440CC471515D7BA926A">
<mods:roleTerm id="AD53BEE681F4660B0CB7F1EDCA3B3BD0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="403698D35B9502C2DE47E355C355619D">Verschelde, Dominick</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CE60B4A2668F979DD50DEE7E3A24AA55" type="LSID">80C09028-E083-4DF0-B514-9C92A12ED78E</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A078538917DE54A456C55EDB99454194">Ghent University - Zoology Museum, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B- 9000 Ghent, Belgium &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 80 C 09028 - E 083 - 4 DF 0 - B 514 - 9 C 92 A 12 ED 78 E</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="AAFCD883E9942B6FDC4CE8A17B05C1A2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="27C446CAA3AB2990DB23F505FA785546" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="B174D55AB134B9819534B2D6E34278F5">
<mods:title id="88C7EB4DDE595F34DA466A7A3915E087">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0CC7C11D3EC847B4FBEAC074E730AD01">
<mods:date id="B84D932B878ECD70D1D605E667714C39">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="285BCA0EDA70E50DB1E072CAD7B8124A" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="C83FBD86DC3A40F0AC1C29C043AFDB23">2015-03-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C17CBF25F2B1DBD630D931C1E03AC8B3" type="issue">
<mods:number id="B6F0E9F8B20685208368260C951C806A">118</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A3B8CCC7D501FBB201FF390C789E2126" unit="page">
<mods:start id="EFC064C696401E8E58144B2DD03988AF">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6D0B06B5E447BC85260D42CDC09B6667">25</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="7A14C4D8B53396A7861886B3167D06D1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="13A014708EF679DC072D132AE6C83554" type="CLB-Dataset">22433</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="40E9B3E5A14051CA302455359153567C" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2015.118</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B304DDAEBEB56931CE9203F7138B3D6C" type="GBIF-Dataset">5496fe1c-b44b-4f41-8766-6ddf73acc355</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FAC09AD1F1E04A350A065BB97AD5C75C" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2FC393CC595FE020CB52B633D3A514A6" type="Zenodo-Dep">3779432</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0969561F63FEEFA69661D464BC74E8C0" type="ZooBank">4302BA88-0639-4062-84F2-EECD733807A5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="AC117204FFC30B1B3B1FFD7DFD14F85E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3795178" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163879712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3795178" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC117204FFC30B1B3B1FFD7DFD14F85E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC117204FFC30B1B3B1FFD7DFD14F85E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC30B143B1FFD7DFC3CFD22" box="[617,971,684,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B143B1FFD7DFC3CFD22" blockId="7.[617,971,684,710]" box="[617,971,684,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC30B143B1FFD7DFC3CFD22" box="[617,971,684,710]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143BCDFD7DFC3CFD22" authority="Gerlach, 1963" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[699,971,684,710]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143BCDFD7DFCEAFD22" bold="true" box="[699,797,684,710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143A52FD7DFC3CFD22" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[804,971,684,710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC30B1439CBFD3FFDC8FCD2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFD3FFEAFFCEC" blockId="7.[189,344,750,776]" box="[189,344,750,776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC30B1439CBFD3FFEAFFCEC" bold="true" box="[189,344,750,776]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFD3FFEAFFCEC" bold="true" box="[189,344,750,776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFC30B1439CBFD3FFF0DFCEC" box="[189,250,750,776]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFCCCFDC8FCD2" blockId="7.[189,575,796,823]" box="[189,575,796,823]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBFCCCFDCDFCD2" authority="Bastian, 1865" authorityName="Bastian" authorityYear="1865" box="[189,570,796,823]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFCCCFE78FCD2" box="[189,399,796,823]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spira parasitifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B1438E0FCCDFDCDFCD2" author="Bastian H. C." box="[406,570,796,822]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref10156" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25: 73 - 184." type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC30B1439CBFC8FFB43FBD7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFC8FFE58FC9C" blockId="7.[189,431,862,888]" box="[189,431,862,888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC30B1439CBFC8FFE58FC9C" bold="true" box="[189,431,862,888]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFC8FFE58FC9C" bold="true" box="[189,431,862,888]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFC5DFB43FBD7" blockId="7.[189,1399,908,1075]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Robust body with rounded or conical head region and conical tail, fine body annulations. Annulated head region; body annulations normally completely surround the amphideal fovea, with few exceptions. Spiral amphideal fovea. Buccal cavity narrow, lightly cuticularised; no or small/inconspicuous dorsal tooth, no or minute subventral teeth. Pharynx with small pyriform, oval, or rounded posterior bulb without cuticularised lumen. Precloacal supplements usually absent. Short conical tail.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6CA29099FFC30B1B39CBFB8AFD14F85E" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFB8AFEABFB91" blockId="7.[189,348,1115,1141]" box="[189,348,1115,1141]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFC30B1439CBFB8AFEABFB91" bold="true" box="[189,348,1115,1141]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFB8AFEABFB91" bold="true" box="[189,348,1115,1141]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Valid species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFB5BFD15FAD4" blockId="7.[189,1398,1161,1329]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBFB5BFD1BFB47" authority="(Luc &amp; De Coninck, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Luc &amp; De Coninck" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[189,748,1161,1188]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gerlachi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFB5BFE7DFB47" box="[189,394,1161,1188]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia gerlachi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B1438E9FB58FD14FB47" author="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P." box="[415,739,1161,1187]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="108 - 166" refId="ref11015" refString="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P. 1959. Nematodes libres marins de la region de Roscoff. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 98: 108 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Luc &amp; De Coninck, 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: “Annulations beginning halfway down the lateral organ…long attenuated conical tail”; also clear in drawings (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143DECFB7DFF0BFB0E" author="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="108 - 166" refId="ref11015" refString="Luc M. &amp; De Coninck L. A. P. 1959. Nematodes libres marins de la region de Roscoff. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale 98: 108 - 166." type="journal article" year="1959">Luc &amp; De Coninck 1959</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 25). Despite the presence of an amphid only partially surrounded by cuticle annulations, this species is left within
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1438CAFB25FDECFAEA" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[444,539,1268,1294]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1438CAFB25FDECFAEA" box="[444,539,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the shape of the tail (conical), which is the primary trait for differentiating between
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1438A3FAC6FDC3FAD5" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[469,564,1303,1329]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1438A3FAC6FDC3FAD5" box="[469,564,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143B1AFAC6FD2CFAD4" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" box="[620,731,1303,1328]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Perspiria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143B1AFAC6FD2CFAD4" box="[620,731,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Perspiria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFA89FB26FA5C" blockId="7.[189,1398,1367,1465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBFA89FDF5FA95" authority="Ott, 1977" authorityName="Ott" authorityYear="1977" box="[189,514,1367,1394]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gnaigeri">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFA89FE70FA96" box="[189,391,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia gnaigeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B1438F9FA86FDF5FA95" author="Ott J. A." box="[399,514,1367,1393]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="120 - 138" refId="ref11226" refString="Ott J. A. 1977. New freeliving marine nematodes from the West Atlantic. I. Four new species from Bermuda with a discussion of the genera Cytolaimium and Rhabdocoma Cobb, 1920. Zoologischer Anzeiger 198: 120 - 138." type="journal article" year="1977">Ott, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Amphids almost entirely located within the body annulations in one male, but only the posterior half of another male’s amphid is surrounded by body annulations (compare figs 42 and
<quantity id="E3406EF7FFC30B143999FA4FFEDDFA5C" box="[239,298,1438,1464]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0922" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="in" value="43.0">43 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143847FA4FFE6AFA5C" author="Ott J. A." box="[305,413,1438,1464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="120 - 138" refId="ref11226" refString="Ott J. A. 1977. New freeliving marine nematodes from the West Atlantic. I. Four new species from Bermuda with a discussion of the genera Cytolaimium and Rhabdocoma Cobb, 1920. Zoologischer Anzeiger 198: 120 - 138." type="journal article" year="1977">
<date id="5006E5D2FFC30B143847FA4FFE6AFA5C" box="[305,413,1438,1464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1977-10">Ott 1977</date>
</bibRefCitation>
); however, as the species has a conical tail, it belongs within
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143D1DFA4EFB3DFA5D" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[1131,1226,1439,1465]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143D1DFA4EFB3DFA5D" box="[1131,1226,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBFA31FC34F94D" blockId="7.[189,1398,1503,1706]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBFA31FD77FA1D" authority="(Maria et al., 2009)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[189,640,1503,1530]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guanabarensis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBFA31FE7EFA1D" box="[189,393,1503,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. guanabarensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B1438EDFA0EFD80FA1D" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[411,631,1503,1530]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B14389BFA30FDDDFA1D" box="[493,554,1503,1530]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC30B143BFCFA0EFCF9FA1D" box="[650,782,1503,1529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143AE9FA0EFEDDF9F8" authority="Maria et al., 2009" authorityName="Maria" authorityYear="2009" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guanabarensis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143AE9FA0EFAF0FA1D" box="[927,1287,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chromaspirina guanabarensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143C67FA0EFEDDF9F8" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143C17FA30FF2CF9F8" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Main diagnostic characters: “Buccal cavity large with an acute dorsal tooth and two smaller ventrosublateral teeth.
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1438B5F9F6FE24F9A5" box="[451,467,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">”</emphasis>
However, later in the text it is stated that:
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143AA3F9F7FABBF9A4" box="[981,1356,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
“
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143AA9F9F7FABBF9A4" authority="Leduc &amp; Verschelde, 2015" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" box="[991,1356,1574,1600]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="guanabarensis" status="sp. nov.">Chromaspirina guanabarensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC30B143C23F9F7FF18F987" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
belongs to the group of species characterized by a poorly developed dorsal tooth.” Drawings also show a small buccal cavity with a small dorsal tooth and minute subventral teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143D01F9BDFAB2F962" author="Maria T. F. &amp; Esteves A. M. &amp; Smol N. &amp; Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W." box="[1143,1349,1644,1670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="21 - 36" refId="ref11050" refString="Maria T. F., Esteves A. M., Smol N., Vanreusel A. &amp; Decraemer W. 2009. Chromaspirina guanabarensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Desmodoridae) and a new illustrated dichotomous key to Chromaspirina species. Zootaxa 2092: 21 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">
Maria
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143DB0F9BCFAF7F962" box="[1222,1280,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1). Tail is conical. This species is therefore transferred to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143A28F941FC4AF94E" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[862,957,1680,1706]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143A28F941FC4AF94E" box="[862,957,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBF903FB4FF8EA" blockId="7.[189,1399,1745,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBF903FE26F90F" authority="Coles, 1987" authorityName="Coles" authorityYear="1987" box="[189,465,1745,1772]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hopperi">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBF903FEC0F90F" box="[189,311,1745,1772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. hopperi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143836F900FE26F90F" author="Coles J. W." box="[320,465,1745,1771]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: “Cuticle without striations... small dorsal tooth is present in the narrow mouth cavity.” Drawings show a conical tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143AA3F925FBA8F8EA" author="Coles J. W." box="[981,1119,1780,1806]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles 1987</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFC30B1439CBF8E7FEB6F839" blockId="7.[189,1399,1845,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439CBF8E7FD9BF8AB" authority="(Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" baseAuthorityYear="1967" box="[189,620,1845,1872]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaurita" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439CBF8E7FECEF8B4" box="[189,313,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S. inaurita</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B14383EF8E4FD94F8AB" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[328,611,1845,1871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFC30B143B05F8E4FD02F8AB" box="[627,757,1845,1871]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143AF7F8E4FF0BF896" authority="Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967" authorityName="Wieser &amp; Hopper" authorityYear="1967" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaurita">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143AF7F8E4FB6DF8B4" box="[897,1178,1845,1872]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chromaspirina inaurita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFC30B143DD7F8E4FF0BF896" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Main diagnostic characters: ‘‘Buccal cavity with three small teeth (these teeth are smaller than in most other species of
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1438C8F8ADFD87F872" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[446,624,1916,1942]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1438C8F8ADFD87F872" box="[446,624,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and stress the proximity of the genus to
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B143D39F8ACFB59F873" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[1103,1198,1917,1943]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B143D39F8ACFB59F873" box="[1103,1198,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).’’; the drawings are inconclusive, but the description clearly describes small teeth. This species is therefore transferred to
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFC30B1439ADF812FEB6F839" box="[219,321,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFC30B1439ADF812FECAF839" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[219,317,1987,2013]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Spirinia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFEDAFC51FEA3" blockId="8.[189,1398,266,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFEDAFE08FEC0" authority="Gerlach, 1963" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,511,266,293]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laevioides">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFEDAFEA7FEC0" box="[189,336,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. laevioides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3820FEDBFE08FEC0" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[342,511,266,292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The drawing shows a small buccal cavity, a small dorsal tooth, and amphids located within the annulated head region (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3BDFFEFCFCB9FEA3" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[681,846,301,327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach 1963</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFEBEFACFFE4F" blockId="8.[189,1398,366,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFEBEFE28FE6C" authority="(Bastian, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[189,479,366,393]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFEBEFED7FE6C" box="[189,288,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. laevis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3847FEBFFE20FE6C" author="Bastian H. C." box="[305,471,366,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref10156" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25: 73 - 184." type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3B18FEBEFC8CFE6C" authority="Allgen, 1935" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1935" box="[622,891,366,393]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B18FEBEFD22FE6C" box="[622,725,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. pilosa</emphasis>
Allgén, 1935
</taxonomicName>
). The drawing shows small teeth, amphids located entirely within the annulated head region, and a short conical tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3D54FE40FB35FE4F" author="Bastian H. C." box="[1058,1218,401,427]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref10156" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25: 73 - 184." type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian 1865</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 204).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFE05FA81FDB2" blockId="8.[189,1399,467,600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFE05FD9DFE09" authority="(Muthumbi et al., 1995)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Muthumbi et al." baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[189,618,467,494]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="okemwai" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFE05FEB4FE09" box="[189,323,467,494]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. okemwai</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3822FE02FD95FE09" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[340,610,467,493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B38ACFE05FDE1FE09" box="[474,534,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCC0B1B3B05FE02FD01FE09" box="[627,758,467,493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3AF2FE02FF0BFDF4" authority="Muthumbi et al., 1995" authorityName="Muthumbi" authorityYear="1995" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="okemwai">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3AF2FE02FB51FE09" box="[900,1190,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chromaspirina okemwai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3DD9FE02FF0BFDF4" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3C45FE05FA98FE09" box="[1331,1391,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). We studied the
<typeStatus id="FB037DB0FFCC0B1B38B1FE27FE0DFDF4" box="[455,506,502,528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
material, which shows that this species has a cylindrical pharynx with only a slightly swollen terminal bulb, whose shape cannot be described. The teeth are difficult to distinguish and hence cannot be called ‘large’ or ‘distinct’; therefore, we transfer this species to the genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3C67FDEFFA87FDBC" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[1297,1392,574,600]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3C67FDEFFA87FDBC" box="[1297,1392,574,600]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFDAEFED4FC8F" blockId="8.[189,1399,638,876]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFDAEFDD4FD7C" authority="(Bastian, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[189,547,638,665]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFDAEFE92FD7C" box="[189,357,638,665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. parasitifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3805FDAFFDEDFD7C" author="Bastian H. C." box="[371,538,638,664]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="73 - 184" refId="ref10156" refString="Bastian H. C. 1865. Monograph of the Anguillulidae, or free nematoids, marine, land, and freshwater; with descriptions of 100 new species. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 25: 73 - 184." type="journal article" year="1865">Bastian, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Some descriptions of this species show the amphids being only partially surrounded by annulations (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3B7AFD70FD44FD5F" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[524,691,673,699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach 1963</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3BB4FD70FC05FD5F" author="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N." box="[706,1010,673,699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref11553" refString="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N. 1989. Desmodoridae from the Bay of Morlaix (Brittany) and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 30: 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1989">Vincx &amp; Gourbault 1989</bibRefCitation>
), and others describe specimens with amphids entirely surrounded by annulations (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3A7BFD15FC6FFD3A" author="Coles J. W." box="[781,920,708,734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3AD2FD15FB39FD3A" author="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N." box="[932,1230,708,734]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="103 - 114" refId="ref11553" refString="Vincx M. &amp; Gourbault N. 1989. Desmodoridae from the Bay of Morlaix (Brittany) and the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 30: 103 - 114." type="journal article" year="1989">Vincx &amp; Gourbault 1989</bibRefCitation>
); furthermore, additional descriptions and drawings depict either a conical tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3ACCFD36FB97FCE5" author="Gerlach S. A." box="[954,1120,743,769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="67 - 103" refId="ref10747" refString="Gerlach S. A. 1963. Frielebende Meeresnematoden von den Malediven II. Kieler Meeresforschungen 19: 67 - 103." type="journal article" year="1963">Gerlach 1963</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3DCCFD36FAB3FCE5" author="Coles J. W." box="[1210,1348,743,769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles 1987</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3) or a prolonged conical to long conical tail (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3B87FCDAFBE5FCC1" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." box="[753,1042,779,805]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper 1967</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 17). Hence, until further examination and comparison of these different specimens can be done, we leave this species within
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFC83FEEBFC88" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[189,284,850,876]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFC83FEEBFC88" box="[189,284,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFC45FCD0FC10" blockId="8.[189,1399,915,1012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFC45FE3FFC49" authority="(Ott, 1972)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Ott" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[189,456,915,942]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parma" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFC45FED8FC49" box="[189,303,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. parma</emphasis>
(Ott, 1972)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCC0B1B38A1FC42FD96FC49" box="[471,609,915,941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3B8AFC42FB62FC49" authority="Ott, 1972" authorityName="Ott" authorityYear="1972" box="[764,1173,915,941]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parma">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B8AFC42FBFCFC49" box="[764,1035,915,941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chromaspirina parma</emphasis>
Ott, 1972
</taxonomicName>
). Main diagnostic characters: “... stoma conical, with a small acute dorsal tooth and two minute ventral teeth…”; this species is therefore transferred to the genus
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3BB7FC0BFCD0FC10" box="[705,807,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3BB7FC0BFCD4FC10" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[705,803,986,1012]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">Spirinia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFBCAFB85FB9F" blockId="8.[189,1398,1050,1147]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFBCAFDF6FBD0" authority="(Villot, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Villot" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[189,513,1050,1077]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="schneideri">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFBCAFEA2FBD0" box="[189,341,1050,1077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. schneideri</emphasis>
(Villot, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
. Luc &amp; Deconinck (1959) describe this species with a smooth cuticle, and
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B39CBFBEFFEA1FBBC" author="Coles J. W." box="[189,342,1086,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles (1987)</bibRefCitation>
describes it “without cuticular striations”. The SEM micrograph by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3D0BFBEFFAE7FBBC" author="Coles J. W." box="[1149,1296,1086,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles (1987</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 9a), however, shows striations surrounding the amphids. The tail is short and conical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFB72FC72FAE7" blockId="8.[189,1399,1186,1283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFB72FDF6FB58" authority="Silva et al., 2009" authorityName="Silva" authorityYear="2009" box="[189,513,1186,1213]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sophia">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFB72FEDEFB58" box="[189,297,1186,1213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. sophia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3844FB73FDF6FB58" author="Silva M. C. &amp; Castro F. J. V. &amp; Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[306,513,1186,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="31 - 45" refId="ref11270" refString="Silva M. C., Castro F. J. V., Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V. 2009. Spirinia lara sp. n. and Spirinia sophia sp. n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian continental margin (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro). Zootaxa 2081: 31 - 45." type="journal article" year="2009">
Silva
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3801FB75FE44FB58" box="[375,435,1186,1213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Main diagnostic characters: “Buccal cavity with one dorsal tooth and two minute, ventrosublateral teeth”; clear in drawings, which also show the amphid completely surrounded by cuticle annulations (
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B38B8FB38FD63FAE7" author="Silva M. C. &amp; Castro F. J. V. &amp; Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V." box="[462,660,1257,1283]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="31 - 45" refId="ref11270" refString="Silva M. C., Castro F. J. V., Cavalcanti M. F. &amp; Fonseca-Genevois V. 2009. Spirinia lara sp. n. and Spirinia sophia sp. n. (Nematoda, Desmodoridae) from the Brazilian continental margin (Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro). Zootaxa 2081: 31 - 45." type="journal article" year="2009">
Silva
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B65FB3BFDB9FAE7" box="[531,590,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6). Tail conical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFAF8FE46FAA0" blockId="8.[189,433,1321,1348]" box="[189,433,1321,1348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="7F4F747EFFCC0B1B39CBFAF8FE46FAA0" bold="true" box="[189,433,1321,1348]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFAF8FE46FAA0" bold="true" box="[189,433,1321,1348]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Species inquirendae</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFA8BFCD1FA5D" blockId="8.[189,1399,1369,1465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFA8BFDBDFA97" authority="(Allgen, 1929)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Allgen" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[189,586,1369,1396]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="granulata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFA8BFE60FA97" box="[189,407,1369,1396]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirinia granulata</emphasis>
(Allgén, 1929)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCC0B1B3B27FA88FD24FA97" box="[593,723,1369,1395]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3A29FA8BFB24FA97" authority="Allgen, 1929" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1929" box="[863,1235,1369,1396]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="granulata">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3A29FA8BFBC7FA97" box="[863,1072,1369,1396]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirina granulata</emphasis>
Allgén, 1929
</taxonomicName>
). This species was described based on two juveniles only, with very poor drawings and inadequate descriptions. Hence, we have to regard this species as
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B35FA71FCE8FA5D" box="[579,799,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">species inquirenda</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBFA33FE43F92A" blockId="8.[189,1399,1504,1742]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBFA33FD0FFA1E" authority="(Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950)" authorityName="Leduc &amp; Verschelde" authorityYear="2015" baseAuthorityName="Schuurmans Stekhoven" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[189,760,1504,1532]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paucispira" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBFA33FE96FA1F" box="[189,353,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. paucispira</emphasis>
(Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0DFFA27BFFCC0B1B3A7CFA31FC61FA1E" box="[778,918,1504,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3D43FA31FDD4F9FA" authority="Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950" authorityName="Schuurmans Stekhoven" authorityYear="1950" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paucispira">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3D43FA31FA81FA1F" box="[1077,1398,1504,1531]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chromaspirina paucispira</emphasis>
Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1950
</taxonomicName>
). This species was considered
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3AE3F9D4FB84F9FA" box="[917,1139,1540,1566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">species inquirenda</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3DD5F9D5FEFBF9A5" author="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="239 - 343" refId="ref11687" refString="Wieser W. &amp; Hopper B. 1967. Marine nematodes of the east coast of North America. I. Florida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 135: 239 - 343." type="journal article" year="1967">Wieser &amp; Hopper (1967)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B383BF9F6FD98F9A5" author="Muthumbi A. &amp; Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M." box="[333,623,1575,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="181 - 195" refId="ref11175" refString="Muthumbi A., Verschelde D. &amp; Vincx M. 1995. New Desmodoridae (Nematoda: Desmodoroidea): three new species from Ceriops mangrove sediments (Kenya) and one related new species from the North Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 36: 181 - 195." type="journal article" year="1995">
Muthumbi
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B38A2F9F9FDE4F9A5" box="[468,531,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
(1995)
</bibRefCitation>
, because the original description was based on a single female specimen. It was stated that the buccal cavity of this species has an “indication of a dorsal tooth”. Based on this character, which is sufficient to distinguish between
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3AF8F9BFFC1AF96C" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[910,1005,1646,1672]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3AF8F9BFFC1AF96C" box="[910,1005,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3D5DF9BCFB2AF963" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1918" box="[1067,1245,1645,1671]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Chromaspirina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3D5DF9BCFB2AF963" box="[1067,1245,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Chromaspirina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this species is transferred to the genus
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3883F943FDA3F948" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1963" box="[501,596,1682,1708]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3883F943FDA3F948" box="[501,596,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(but remains
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B81F943FC23F94E" box="[759,980,1680,1707]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">species inquirenda</emphasis>
due to the incomplete nature of the original description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBF927FE31F8D6" blockId="8.[189,1398,1781,1842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBF927FE39F8EB" authority="(Cobb, 1898)" baseAuthorityName="Cobb" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[189,462,1781,1808]" class="Adenophorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBF927FEDFF8EB" box="[189,296,1781,1808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. similis</emphasis>
(Cobb, 1898)
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3B2AF927FC70F8EB" authority="Cobb, 1898" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" box="[604,903,1781,1808]" class="Chromadorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3B2AF927FD06F8EB" box="[604,753,1781,1808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spira similis</emphasis>
Cobb, 1898
</taxonomicName>
). Considered invalid by
<bibRefCitation id="4029BEE3FFCC0B1B3DDCF924FAB3F8EB" author="Coles J. W." box="[1194,1348,1781,1807]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref10455" refString="Coles J. W. 1987. Observations on the marine nematode genus Spirinia Gerlach, 1963 (Desmodoridae: Spiriniinae) with descriptions of two new species. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zoology) 53: 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1987">Coles (1987)</bibRefCitation>
due to lack of illustrations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2407C312FFCC0B1B39CBF88AFD14F85E" blockId="8.[189,1399,1882,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B39CBF88AFDD7F890" authority="(Allgen, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Allgen" baseAuthorityYear="1959" box="[189,544,1882,1909]" class="Chromadorea" family="Comesomatidae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuicauda">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B39CBF88AFE96F890" box="[189,353,1882,1909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">S. tenuicauda</emphasis>
(Allgén, 1959)
</taxonomicName>
(synonym:
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3BC1F88AFBBEF890" authority="Allgen, 1959" authorityName="Allgen" authorityYear="1959" box="[695,1097,1882,1909]" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spirina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tenuicauda">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3BC1F88AFC6CF890" box="[695,923,1882,1909]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Spirina tenuicauda</emphasis>
Allgén, 1959
</taxonomicName>
). This species has to be regarded as a
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3817F8AFFDC9F873" box="[353,574,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">species inquirenda</emphasis>
, as the only description Allgén made was to write “differing from
<taxonomicName id="E3B8B891FFCC0B1B3C24F8AFFEBFF85E" baseAuthorityName="Bastian" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Chromadorea" family="Desmodoridae" genus="Spira" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parasitifera">
<emphasis id="16CC1F00FFCC0B1B3C24F8AFFEBFF85E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sp. parasitifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,” and his drawings are inadequate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink