178 lines
24 KiB
XML
178 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="88FF8266D78E6BB32BFE8D19520ECF2F" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="10e7fd54-75a7-49da-8677-2aa61a91c413" ModsDocID="z00426p001" checkinTime="1247047469350" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="M. C. Oddone, A. S. Marçal & C. M. Vooren" docDate="2004" docId="AB3EF7EB913EAD46DE629DAEACDD237B" docLanguage="en" docName="2004_Oddone_Marcal_Vooren_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 426" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3584B121-C5A0-461D-B121-3EB205A23515" docTitle="Atlantoraja" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="90EB92FC8F09900373DA7490D8FB7A41" masterDocTitle="Egg capsules of Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan, 1903) and A. platana (Günther, 1880) (Pisces, Elasmobranchii, Rajidae)." masterLastPageNumber="4" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1701313943953" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0940CE82DFFA037E6E42C28639351C69">
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<mods:title id="D75A882B4D278AD40D6F08CE34EB0030">Egg capsules of Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan, 1903) and A. platana (Günther, 1880) (Pisces, Elasmobranchii, Rajidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="918E9AEE36DB04080E8C296E2E6A9663" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="90E41A48CBA402FA97E1450613122F73">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="25157E78AE4E3DCA684E4652376D70E1">M. C. Oddone</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E5BAAECCC2A94645907515084AE8BFB6">A. S. Marçal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1BB2ABCD30BBB4B9C5D5ECC844438B16">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CAF1EDB8F3634BAF38C4CAB61A6AB579">C. M. Vooren</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FC5E1087AD46F7A6C2EC79E3307D48D0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1B89E23FEF054958CC877EDCE18631EE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DFDB57CB16E0037C5A12326F42092836">
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<mods:date id="AF94550CA8DE08F3E3E6535F4B539F68">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E230FB681CABD79B434514BF06DA6A88" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EB2FA89F757B37483050D017B6734849">426</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="443F850B1B6532DDC1D6A1FA35FB2321">1</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="131BA2234D16282353C5A6928D2C20AA">
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<mods:url id="9104EFCACBCB19775AF7D89A024D4A2F">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3584B121-C5A0-461D-B121-3EB205A23515</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="1FDFC771E3E597CD71A454EC38AA509D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8A5657E01A527EFC4FED0C952D93A245" type="Plazi-Custom">z00426p001</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6BC4F1E1E08D5BF91473736C73981E97" type="ZooBank">3584B121-C5A0-461D-B121-3EB205A23515</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AB3EF7EB913EAD46DE629DAEACDD237B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6270716" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100121600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6270716" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AB3EF7EB913EAD46DE629DAEACDD237B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB3EF7EB913EAD46DE629DAEACDD237B" lastPageNumber="4" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="F9885EAB4D3B7A33E63EDF2C7F32DF52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="01C12244BD48B39D648F152AADAB3697">
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[[
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<taxonomicName id="04D5D5232A5E1895A55878E0CC322811" ID-CoL="355G" ID-ENA="117868" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:47B497C9-70C8-437A-B486-A99A7BA1E089" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Atlantoraja Raja Menni 1972:167" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atlantoraja</taxonomicName>
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]]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62ABA075D5972D7E58B99150465C6F20" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4AFE2DC015E444A97205AA020D7A9896" pageNumber="1">Materials & methods</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="90F17AEB80BA33A13E269C942E3234AE" lastPageNumber="2" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="B2F0B2CEC8294762E0A986CFBD95D9DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="923889559" country="Brazil" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
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Thirty-seven egg capsules of
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<taxonomicName id="DA73F9A9E6CD26130A356E3B3693B726" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclophora">A. cyclophora</taxonomicName>
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and 19 of
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<taxonomicName id="A4609B422DCD3F5DF366821D95B6D682" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platana">A. platana</taxonomicName>
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were obtained from female specimens captured by bottom trawl during August-September 2001 and March-April 2002 off southern Brazil. The specimens were captured between latitudes
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<geoCoordinate id="87C7AA6DF1849B07C30560DAAAB68EEB">30°40'S</geoCoordinate>
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and
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<geoCoordinate id="B6B55BC7547AF7E7A26B128E28F5C8B4">34°30'S</geoCoordinate>
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at 100 and 300 m.
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</materialsCitation>
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Egg capsules were fixed in 4% formalin and preserved in 70% ethanol. Terminology of capsule morphology and methods of measurements follow Templeman (1982) and Gomes & Carvalho (1995). The egg capsules were extracted from the uteri and/or cloaca. Texture and color of the capsule and presence and location of adhesion fibrils and lateral keel were recorded for each fresh egg capsule.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D468A9C75022FBBDB92B61965DE07B6F" pageNumber="2">Measurements recorded on each egg capsule were: length, width, length of the anterior and posterior horns, greatest dorso-ventral height and the thickness of the lateral keel in the middle of the egg capsule. All measurements were made with Vernier calipers with 0,1 mm precision. Differences were tested using a t-test (Sokal & Rohlf 1987) with a significance level of 0.05.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D1B78FA80BB2822BAAA25B6212259148" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5D67EEA908A657D0084A7AA4689548C9" pageNumber="2">Results</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A3B1A742813B262672F096D529E59DD7" pageNumber="2">
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Measurements are presented in Table 1. The egg capsules of
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<taxonomicName id="3EE3B162B38984BA40ED7D9A97A7317A" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platana">A. platana</taxonomicName>
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were significantly wider (t=-9.03, P<0.05, df=54) and had significantly longer posterior and anterior horns than those of
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<taxonomicName id="251DE78DA661F791D2A2777B01F8C8F3" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclophora">A. cyclophora</taxonomicName>
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(t=9.34, P<0,05, df =51; t=-6.06, P<0.05, df=51, respectively). No significant difference was detected between species in length and height of the egg capsules (t=1.12, P>0.05, df =55; t=-1.43; P>0.05; df =40 respectively). The outline of the velum in dorsal view was markedly convex in
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<taxonomicName id="B9CB256E0A1A93313F35A87A75BF02F8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclophora">A. cyclophora</taxonomicName>
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and slightly convex or even flat in
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<taxonomicName id="7BEC5ABD3E76F752F29B0D95AC691412" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platana">A. platana</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 1).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0A177394C679913015DC182BA62A9B26" pageNumber="2">Freshly collected and fully formed egg capsules were of a medium brown color with a yellow metallic shine that changed to dark brown in formalin. Only one egg capsule was found per oviduct in both species. The base of the horns, the lateral margins and the ventral face of the complete egg capsule were covered by a layer of sticky, shiny yellow fibrils. In both species the entire dorsal face of the egg capsule was longitudinally and uniformly striated with ridges having a width and height of about 0.5 mm. On the ventral face the striations were also present but the ridges were lower and narrower and obscured by the layer of fibrils. In lateral view, the egg capsules of both species were asymmetrical. The ventral face was almost flat and the dorsal face was markedly convex with the highest point situated anteriorly (Fig. 2).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="75453722B354567DDAA1283F97C4DF1A" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="1B617DC6CF486A00030766A614CE069F" pageNumber="3">Discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="82985F8991925ACF3EAEC0139F841B25" pageNumber="3">
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The rajoid genera occurring in the continental shelf of southern Rio Grande do Sul State, are
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<taxonomicName id="EE713C04245DEF353617020F0717E7EE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:35EF5639-562F-417C-A35A-9EB626239047" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Sympterygia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sympterygia Müller & Henle 1837:117" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sympterygia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="A7ABBC9F05B4AC335D3F5ACB3D860644" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:50A33137-B884-4186-B838-FAA4EBE6D25F" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Rioraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rioraja Whitley 1939:254" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rioraja</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="2FD4323F0C788AB0E67EBCDD8DF1A7D9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16AABC7E-34AF-406D-A8A1-044501A6B475" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Psammobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Psammobatis Günther 1870:470" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Psammobatis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D9B2EF50DA5E8B436EAEE7E15C7CF040" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:47B497C9-70C8-437A-B486-A99A7BA1E089" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Atlantoraja Raja Menni 1972:167" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atlantoraja</taxonomicName>
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(Vooren 1997). When the size of the egg capsules overlaps, other features may be used for identification. The egg capsules of
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<taxonomicName id="7F687F3903EE19A53B8F16F8D8B1EE9B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:47B497C9-70C8-437A-B486-A99A7BA1E089" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Atlantoraja Raja Menni 1972:167" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atlantoraja</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4F5FDC2E778570CA257A96334B5F885B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:50A33137-B884-4186-B838-FAA4EBE6D25F" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Rioraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rioraja Whitley 1939:254" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rioraja</taxonomicName>
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have a lateral keel while
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<taxonomicName id="E8F6046AEC617099854DBFDDE90DE62E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:35EF5639-562F-417C-A35A-9EB626239047" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Sympterygia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sympterygia Müller & Henle 1837:117" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sympterygia</taxonomicName>
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has a lateral flange. Moreover, in this area,
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<taxonomicName id="41F28FCE62A49648BFA122A751DF3413" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:321B77EE-D790-47AC-B80C-E5434F78716A" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Sympterygia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sympterygia acuta Garman 1877:206" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuta">Sympterygia acuta</taxonomicName>
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uniquely has tendrils up to 44 cm long (Oddone & Vooren 2002). The small size of the capsules of
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<taxonomicName id="0DBB26DFFD6F08644643D1C0280CC587" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16AABC7E-34AF-406D-A8A1-044501A6B475" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Psammobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Psammobatis Günther 1870:470" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Psammobatis</taxonomicName>
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distinguishes them from those of all other skates of this area. For instance, the egg capsules of
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<taxonomicName id="9F4EFC2DBFEAE77128EF1FC865D5EEE3" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Psammobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="extenta">P. extenta</taxonomicName>
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reach 30 mm in length (Braccini & Chiaramonte 2002). Egg capsules of
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<taxonomicName id="7F01A91DF66554378E5245AE5BFA24D8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Rioraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agassizi">Rioraja agassizi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2D070F12546EDCB0AE4FB66C81BA3309" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:35EF5639-562F-417C-A35A-9EB626239047" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Sympterygia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sympterygia Müller & Henle 1837:117" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Sympterygia</taxonomicName>
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are rather smooth, without marked longitudinal striation as in
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<taxonomicName id="C9B01E0210F2409A268420AE7F559AD6" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclophora">A. cyclophora</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9C79A16C8960BEABC21E5F541C126B41" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platana">A. platana</taxonomicName>
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. In the former genera, both capsule faces are equally convex in lateral view, the opposite of the situation in
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<taxonomicName id="B2DA74AB34D45B700DDFD9E3F8C522F9" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclophora">Atlantoraja cyclophora</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="0FD7BFBAF03ED2C3517D15CF3FE26D8E" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platana">A. platana</taxonomicName>
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, where the dorsal face of the egg capsule is markedly convex and the ventral face is rather flat.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="25571D51EC9324F7C73479B1B40ACCBE" pageNumber="3">
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The egg capsule of
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<taxonomicName id="903DCB6BC801F0952AA4835CC6227EF6" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castelnaui">Atlantoraja castelnaui</taxonomicName>
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, the third member of
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<taxonomicName id="504C472E9B2909CDF7F4F1D99BEF33E8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:47B497C9-70C8-437A-B486-A99A7BA1E089" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Atlantoraja Raja Menni 1972:167" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atlantoraja</taxonomicName>
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, is much larger than that of
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<taxonomicName id="F4C3F53C0355007FF433A449302F604A" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platana">A. platana</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="76C7B75E72BB85F0D8022EA3F53E41C2" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclophora">A. cyclophora</taxonomicName>
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. It attains a length of up to 100 mm and a width of about 70 mm (Oddone pers. obs.) being therefore, easily distinguishable from egg capsules of the other co-occurring species. Moreover, the egg capsule faces of
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<taxonomicName id="BA8D909F4FC4E31F3582655CA33AE3E4" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castelnaui">A. castelnaui</taxonomicName>
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are smooth and the capsule is equally convex, as in other genera.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F049B8C0AC4AF0BFF28360F71AAEB764" pageNumber="3">
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In conclusion, egg capsules with a length of 60-75 mm, with a convex dorsal face and longitudinal striations belong to
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<taxonomicName id="4DE1C01B9DEE41D7EFF8BA6E84BD8C67" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platana">A. platana</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName id="DA60A4DC80617201B7B1018819D800F2" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclophora">A. cyclophora</taxonomicName>
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. Egg capsules with posterior horns longer than 100 mm are those of
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<taxonomicName id="4434FAADAAB9C8504957AE1037EEB487" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platana">A. platana</taxonomicName>
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, and egg capsules with posterior horns shorter than 80 mm are those of
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<taxonomicName id="FB2F85BE60CB9FDE5FAD0CEFB12AD1DF" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclophora">A. cyclophora</taxonomicName>
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. Egg capsules with intermediate values of posterior horn length can be identified to species by observing the shape of the velum. Though mean egg capsule width of
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<taxonomicName id="0742EA2E098346F7C713EA2C7C2EBFC8" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platana">A. platana</taxonomicName>
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is significantly wider, the use of the egg capsule width for discerning between these two species requires caution due to the high overlap of the widths.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="550A50E0F34545EC9E51F8D02ED50A2E" pageNumber="4">
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The degree of development and location of masses of silky and sticky fibrils vary between species of
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<taxonomicName id="711822AF2F523E869AA239AAEC7BD43F" family="Rajidae" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Rajidae</taxonomicName>
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(Clark 1922). In
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<taxonomicName id="EB003B064D2CD527A803E1FCB0C264B7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EEE46D1F-38FE-4729-8B7D-657D86D7B614" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Raja eglanteria Bosc 1800:104, 109" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eglanteria">Raja eglanteria</taxonomicName>
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from the North Atlantic and
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<taxonomicName id="D92D32E0FF0854807ECC830C1FE59D53" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:321B77EE-D790-47AC-B80C-E5434F78716A" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Sympterygia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Sympterygia acuta Garman 1877:206" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acuta">Sympterygia acuta</taxonomicName>
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, they are situated exclusively along the posterior horns or tendrils (Luer & Gilbert 1985; Oddone & Vooren 2002), which may be an exception within
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<taxonomicName id="3675A523F035FCF90785739245846E64" family="Rajidae" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Rajidae</taxonomicName>
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. In
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<taxonomicName id="12738D6E569730B5A602BC16EAFE9785" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4B7DDE73-3B00-4481-B3F5-5A9D7E7BFB65" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rajidae" genus="Raja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Raja garmani Whitley 1939:248" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="garmani">Raja garmani</taxonomicName>
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from the North Atlantic, the masses of fibrils are situated in the lateral keels and in the faces of the capsule to a lesser degree (McEachran 1970). In
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<taxonomicName id="CDAA223A081AED3CC4C807246E484679" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclophora">A. cyclophora</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DA65CB6B1D2F43C739AC566F424C652A" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platana">A. platana</taxonomicName>
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such fibrils are exclusively over the ventral side of the egg capsule. The position of the attachment fibrils may be strictly related to the way in which each species attaches the egg capsules to the sea bottom. According to our observations, the egg capsules of
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<taxonomicName id="BB5A1640694CC1375CBE7DD381C9A7CF" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyclophora">A. cyclophora</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="391BC7A85271F6A7EA79A53E3DBBAC33" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Atlantoraja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platana">A. platana</taxonomicName>
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probably attach themselves through the ventral face to the bottom or eventually to masses of algae or sea debris immediately after extrusion. According to Iglesias et al. (2002), the presence of just one egg capsule per oviduct suggests single oviparity in both species. Single oviparity has been observed in
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<taxonomicName id="07426DFDD0AB93A70A2E52777042BB1F" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Psammobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="extenta">Psammobatis extenta</taxonomicName>
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(Braccini & Chiaramonte 2002) and unlike oviparous sharks, could be a general pattern of
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<taxonomicName id="5260131E9EA4C31B11B9BBD2BD10FCEC" family="Rajidae" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Rajidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |