369 lines
33 KiB
XML
369 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" ID-PMC="PMC4957028" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-66-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" ID-PubMed="27489494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="128816" ModsDocID="1314-2003-66-1" checkinTime="1468449185517" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra & Vorontsova, Maria S." docDate="2016" docId="AA9F9CE1A9AD1F208082FB991C3EE170" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 66: 1-142" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 66" docPubDate="2016-07-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457" docTitle="Solanum macrothyrsum Dammer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 185. 1906." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6" masterDocTitle="A revision of the " African Non-Spiny " Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668141734746" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the " African Non-Spiny " Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vorontsova, Maria S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW 7 3 AB, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2016-07-13</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>66</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>142</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-66-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">704E9F435B62FFD93345FFD55178FFE6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">128816</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127878971" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA9F9CE1A9AD1F208082FB991C3EE170" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA9F9CE1A9AD1F208082FB991C3EE170" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName LSID="AA9F9CE1-A9AD-1F20-8082-FB991C3EE170" authority="Dammer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 185. 1906." authorityName="Dammer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 185. 1906." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">Solanum macrothyrsum Dammer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38: 185. 1906.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Solanum macrothyrsum Dammer. A Flowering branch B Open flower C Anther, showing round, clearly delineated pores D Simple trichome E Dendritic trichome. (based on: A-E Barthelat et al. 559). Scale bar: A = 2.5 cm; B = 7 mm; C = 3.3 mm; D, E = 0.3 mm. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95588" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figure 15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1884-11-06" collectorName="de Combani, L. Humblot, D'Arcy, Rakotozafy" country="Mayotte" location="Maore" municipality="Grande Terre" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Mayotte">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
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[French Overseas Department]:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA9F9CE1A9AD1F208082FB991C3EE170:9F79129050CBA7D632612C070E85D28D" country="Mayotte" municipality="Grande Terre" name="Maore">Maore</location>
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(
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<collectingMunicipality>Grande Terre</collectingMunicipality>
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),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
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<collectorName>de Combani</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1884-11-06">6 Nov 1884</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<collectorName>L. Humblot</collectorName>
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387
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</emphasis>
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(second stage
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<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated here; first stage designated by
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">
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<collectorName>D'Arcy</collectorName>
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</normalizedToken>
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&
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<collectorName>Rakotozafy</collectorName>
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1994, pg. 100: P [P00184304]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000887183], P [P00184305], P [P00184306], P [P00184307], K [K000414185], W [W1889-0038295])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Liana of forest canopy, height unknown. Stems flexuous, terete, glabrous, green; new growth glabrous or minutely papillate, green; bark of older stems smooth, light grey. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate, clustered at tips of branches. Leaves simple, (5)6-8 cm long, 3-4(4.5) cm wide, oblong to obovate, membranous to chartaceous, concolorous, glabrous on both surfaces, abaxially sometimes with isolated simple to dendritic trichomes along the midvein and with tufts of tangled simple or dendritic uniseriate trichomes in the axils of the main veins, the lamina texture somewhat altered under the tufts; major veins 4-6 pairs, prominent, spreading at ca. 40° to the midvein, the finer venation faint; base attenuate and decurrent onto the petiole; margins entire; apex acute to apiculate; petiole 1.5-4 cm long, slender, canaliculate, glabrous. Inflorescences terminal, at the apex of a long slender flexuous branch, 7-10 cm long, several times branched, with 15-50 flowers, glabrous; peduncle 4.5-7 cm; pedicels apically dilated, 0.5-0.8 cm long, glabrous except for the occasional simple or sparsely dendritic trichomes just below the articulation, articulated 0-0.5 mm from base; pedicel scars 1.5-8 mm apart, becoming closer together distally, somewhat peg-like. Buds globose, the corolla soon exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx tube 1.5-2 mm long, broadly cup-shaped, the lobes ca. 0.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide at base, broadly deltate, rounded to cuspidate at the tips, the sinuses scarious, glabrous with tufts of translucent simple hairs at the tips and sometimes extending along the margins. Corolla 1-2 cm in diameter, mauve to lilac or white with purple towards the centre, stellate, lobed almost to base, the lobes 6-12 mm long, 1.5-4 mm wide, narrowly ovate to obovate, cucullate, glabrous adaxially, with simple to dendritic trichomes sparsely distributed abaxially, denser towards the tips, the margins densely papillate with translucent-violet trichomes ca. 0.1 mm long. Stamens equal; filament tube ca. 1 mm; free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, broadly ellipsoid, spreading or very loosely connivent, smooth abaxially, poricidal at the tips, the pores much smaller than anther apices, ca. 0.4 mm in diameter, clearly delineated and not lengthening with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 6-9 mm long, protruding 2-3 mm beyond the anthers, slightly curved, glabrous; stigma capitate, minutely papillose. Fruits and seeds not known.</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980357" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95588" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Dammer.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
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Flowering branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
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Open flower
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
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Anther, showing round, clearly delineated pores
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
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Simple trichome
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">E</emphasis>
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Dendritic trichome. (based on:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A-E</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Barthelat et al. 559</emphasis>
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). Scale bar:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
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= 2.5 cm;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
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= 7 mm;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
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= 3.3 mm;
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">D, E</emphasis>
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= 0.3 mm. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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(Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Distribution of Solanum macrothyrsum Dammer." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95589" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">16</figureCitation>
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). Endemic to the island(s) of Mayotte (a political department of France geographically situated in the Comoro Islands); only recorded from the largest island Maore (=Mayotte or Grande-Terre).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="980359" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95589" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figure 16.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Dammer.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Wet forests; 200 to 400 m elevation (calculated from locality information; elevation not recorded exactly on any specimens we have seen).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="common names and uses">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">None recorded.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Annales de Biologie" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B56" refString="IUCN, 2014. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11., http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2014">IUCN 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). Data Deficient (DD). Known from only two collections on the island of Mayotte collected 100 years apart (see below) with insufficient habitat information to assess its distribution. It is likely to be endangered based on its occurrence on a single small island and the paucity of collections; however, the island is not well-collected, so re-collection of this plant is a priority.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="47" pageNumber="48" start="start">Discussion</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a rare liana endemic to Mayotte. It has large bright inflorescences of 15-50 white or violet flowers, large, membranous leaves on long petioles, a very small calyx (less than 1/8 of the corolla length at anthesis) and noticeably short, plump anthers (2.5-3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-2 mm) on comparatively long filaments (1-1.5 mm).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is unusual in the group in having little pubescence on its vegetative parts, except some isolated trichomes on abaxial side of the midvein forming tufts in the vein axils (domatia) (see Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Solanum macrothyrsum Dammer. A Flowering branch B Open flower C Anther, showing round, clearly delineated pores D Simple trichome E Dendritic trichome. (based on: A-E Barthelat et al. 559). Scale bar: A = 2.5 cm; B = 7 mm; C = 3.3 mm; D, E = 0.3 mm. Drawn by Lucy T. Smith." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/95588" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">15</figureCitation>
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). The four duplicates of the type collection show considerable variation in leaf size, leaf thickness and venation; this perhaps represents leaves growing in the sun and in the shade or the type could have been gathered from several plants.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="48" pageNumber="49" start="start">Since</pageBreakToken>
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its original description by
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<bibRefCitation author="Dammer, U" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="176 - 196" refId="B26" refString="Dammer, U, 1906 1907. Solanaceae africanae I. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 38: 176 - 196" title="Solanaceae africanae I." volume="38" year="1906">Dammer (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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been been known only from the type collection. It was rediscovered on the main island of Mayotte, Maore, in 2001 (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Barthelat & Ali Sifari 559</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
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There are no species of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on Mayotte similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The species that most resembles
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum ivohibe" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ivohibe">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum ivohibe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from eastern Madagascar: they share long petioles, decurrent leaf bases and branched inflorescences with a long peduncle. The two taxa are clearly distinct.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has anthers 2.5-3 mm (versus 3.5-4 mm) long, inflorescences branching 2-3 times (versus branching once), 15-50 (versus 10-16) flowers per inflorescence, peduncle 4.5-7 cm (versus 2-2.7 cm) long, and calyx lobes up to 0.5 mm long (versus 0.8-2 mm long).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the only species with short anthers and open, lax inflorescences like
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum madagascariense" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum madagascariense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its membranous (versus thick chartaceous to coriaceous) leaves, smaller leaf length to width ratio, petiole 1.5-4 cm (versus 0.4-2 cm) long, and smaller calyx, less than 1/8 (versus 1/6-1/3) of corolla length at anthesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, JM" editor="Beentje, H" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="108" pageNumber="109" pagination="105 - 125" refId="B44" refString="Edmonds, JM, 2012. Solanum spp. In: Beentje, H, Ed., Flora of Tropical East Africa Solanaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 105 - 125" title="Solanum spp." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa Solanaceae." year="2012">Edmonds (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, following the suggestion of R.N. Lester (pers. comm.) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, PM-L" journalOrPublisher="University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="B59" refString="Jaeger, PM-L, 1985. Systematic studies in the genus Solanum in Africa. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom" title="Systematic studies in the genus Solanum in Africa" year="1985">Jaeger (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum benderianum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="benderianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum benderianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(here treated as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum runsoriense" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="runsoriense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum runsoriense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from Ethiopia, Uganda and Kenya.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="416 - 506" refId="B5" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Solana Africana II. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54: 416 - 506" title="Solana Africana II." volume="54" year="1917">Bitter (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also placed
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a relative of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum terminale" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminale">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum terminale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
alliance (his section
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Afrosolanum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Afrosolanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) rather than with the Madagascar endemic species. There are numerous differences between these taxa: the calyx lobes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are less than 0.5 mm long while the calyx lobes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum benderianum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="benderianum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum benderianum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are 2-4 mm long; the petioles of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are often longer than
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
of the leaf length while the petioles of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum runsoriense" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="runsoriense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum runsoriense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are less than 1/3 of the leaf length. In addition, the anthers of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum runsoriense" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="runsoriense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum runsoriense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have pores that elongate to lateral slits following dehiscence, while
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, like the Malagasy members of this group, has anthers with distinct pores that never elongate.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum terminale" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminale">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum terminale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occurs in the Comoro Islands, but is known there from only a few collections (see discussion and specimens examined for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum terminale" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminale">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum terminale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum terminale" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminale">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum terminale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its anthers that never become longitudinally dehiscent, its more openly branched inflorescences with widely spaced flowers, and its tufts of trichomes in the axils of the main leaf veins on the abaxial surfaces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="416 - 506" refId="B5" refString="Bitter, G, 1917. Solana Africana II. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54: 416 - 506" title="Solana Africana II." volume="54" year="1917">Bitter (1917)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cites duplicates of type collection from B and P. Dammer almost certainly worked from the B duplicate which is now destroyed.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Rakotozafy (1994)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that the lectotype is held at P but do not mention which of the four duplicates they chose. Of these one marked in pen as lectotype, two marked as isolectotypes and one is not annotated with a type label. We have selected the duplicate (P00184304) annotated as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“lectotype”">"lectotype"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(although it is not in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy’s">D'Arcy's</normalizedToken>
|
||
handwriting) as the second stage lectotype for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum macrothyrsum" order="Solanales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrothyrsum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Solanum macrothyrsum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Edmonds (2014) was apparently unaware of this lectotypification when she designated as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“lectotype”">"lectotype"</normalizedToken>
|
||
a Kew duplicate of
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Humblot 387</emphasis>
|
||
; her lectotypification is superfluous, despite
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 146" refId="B25" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Rakotozafy, A, 1994. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 1 - 146" title="Flore de Madagascar et des Comores" year="1994">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Rakotozafy (1994)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
not having stated "designated here" and identifying a particular sheet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="49" pageNumber="50" start="start">Specimens</pageBreakToken>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-10-20" collectorName="Barthelat, Ali Sifari" country="Mayotte" county="Grande Terre" location="Reserve Forestiere de Tchaourembo" municipality="Tsararano" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="French Overseas Department">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Mayotte">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion>French Overseas Department</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion>Maore</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Grande Terre</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Tsararano</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA9F9CE1A9AD1F208082FB991C3EE170:05941DC3C2235A6BDE9010C913585A79" country="Mayotte" county="Grande Terre" municipality="Tsararano" name="Reserve Forestiere de Tchaourembo" stateProvince="French Overseas Department">
|
||
Reserve
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forestière">Forestiere</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Tchaourembo
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2001-10-20">20 Oct 2001</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<collectorName>Barthelat</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Ali Sifari</collectorName>
|
||
559
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(G, K, MO, P)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |