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<document id="296CE50B5D66BA6BDC6F47C4E9A85AF1" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.246.2.5" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13676929" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725409199770" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Das, Kanad, Hembrom, M. E., Dutta, Arun Kumar, Parihar, Arvind, Paloi, Soumitra &amp; Acharya, Krishnendu" docDate="2016" docId="A946879594065C76FF3EFCE2FF33FEDA" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.246.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 246 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.246.2.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Ramaria subalpina K. Das &amp; K. Acharya 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="139" masterDocId="557FFFED94045C75FFB6FFFEFFDDFF93" masterDocTitle="Ramaria subalpina (Gomphaceae): a new edible fungus from India" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="139" updateTime="1725428897853" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="3A6CB0C6A579D58886D386660F03572C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="8188F3040A863D98B5FC2A42C01558B4">Ramaria subalpina (Gomphaceae): a new edible fungus from India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8471E0D9C47768CBC3110F2D029168CB">Das, Kanad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A5D984981B91DA3FA17320EB8E6BA880">Cryptogamic Unit, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. - Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711103, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5A81AC63645E6DC28F0799531BA92AB8">Hembrom, M. E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5C9F5765A3E15E77AC8B111B3373FE3D">Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, P. O. - Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711103, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="79AB80FD2788E1E07D102751E2D93E12">Dutta, Arun Kumar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A66EB49ACA4E4AC225123EB39A0D1F44">Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata - 700019, West Bengal, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="11C89047B5210EB04E423ED39917A701">Parihar, Arvind</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="759ED1A01CBAA3CE258DB779A724328A">Cryptogamic Unit, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. - Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711103, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="AE5B43383DB062F1783E5681A4758F9F">Paloi, Soumitra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DBDEBB8CE853EB0C968A2B5207580A83">Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata - 700019, West Bengal, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FC3F64A5470053745D159CBB57035216">Acharya, Krishnendu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0011BADCA737CCA317E75A65550FC523">Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata - 700019, West Bengal, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2A683349D17F18B7A2618DDC8AB00EDE">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6AFA641B03774FFD3655FECC20C733AE">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="152940DFE12497D8974FE028FBAE15BC">2016-02-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="04351F6D6D5DC4414EB1F0DBDDC1DA4E">246</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FC1175D3B5DD9E3F11F8E29C85F5179A">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.246.2.5</mods:url>
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<treatment id="A946879594065C76FF3EFCE2FF33FEDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13676873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13676873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A946879594065C76FF3EFCE2FF33FEDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A946879594065C76FF3EFCE2FF33FEDA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
<subSubSection id="69F5650894065C77FF3EFCE2FEA2FCCA" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2150368394065C77FF3EFCE2FC86FCA4" blockId="2.[136,859,795,823]" box="[136,859,795,823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
<heading id="7A1881EF94065C77FF3EFCE2FC86FCA4" box="[136,859,795,823]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="E6EF4D0094065C77FF3EFCE2FD83FCA4" authority="K. Das &amp; K. Acharya" authorityName="K. Das &amp; K. Acharya" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,606,795,823]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Cordycipitaceae" genus="Ramaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Hypocreales" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="subalpina" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="139BEA9194065C77FF3EFCE2FEBBFCA5" bold="true" box="[136,358,795,822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Ramaria subalpina</emphasis>
K. Das &amp; K. Acharya
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="139BEA9194065C77FDD3FCE0FD67FCA4" box="[613,698,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="08A857EA94065C77FDD3FCE0FD67FCA4" box="[613,698,798,823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="B9D42A0694065C77FD76FCE0FCF4FCA4" box="[704,809,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1966,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,353,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-87@3.[151,1436,353,1940]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Ramaria subalpina sp. nov. (KD 14-006, Holotype) A. Fresh basidiomata; B &amp; D. Basidiomata showing blood red to brownish red ultimate branchlet; C. Stipe-base of basidiomata becoming blood red on bruising; E. Basidiospores; F. SEM images of basidiospores. Scale bars: B=20 mm; E=10 μm; F=5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13676933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13676933/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Figures 1</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="B9D42A0694065C77FCFBFCE0FC86FCA4" box="[845,859,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1514,1535]" captionTargetBox="[174,1423,198,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[164,1423,190,1488]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ramaria subalpina sp. nov. (from KD 14-006, Holotype). A. Basidiospores; B. Basidium and Basidioles; C. Tramal hyphae from basal region; D. Tramal hyphae from branches. Scale bars: A–D=10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13676937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13676937/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">2</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2150368394065C77FF3EFCBAFEA2FCCA" blockId="2.[136,1452,836,1073]" box="[136,383,836,857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">MycoBank:—MB814581</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="69F5650894065C76FF3EFC96FF33FEDA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2150368394065C77FF3EFC96FD6EFC56" blockId="2.[136,1452,836,1073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
Diagnosis:—Basidiomata 120–135 ×
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, solitary to gregarious, habitat on the ground, stipe-surface becoming blood red at base on bruising, ultimate branch tips brownish red to violet brown, generative hyphae rarely clamped, basidiospores 10.5–15 × 4–6 μm, ellipsoid or elongate, minute to distinctly verrucose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2150368394065C77FF3EFC2AFEB7FB9E" blockId="2.[136,1452,836,1073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
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<typeStatus id="FE54882194065C77FF3EFC2AFF39FC7A" box="[136,228,980,1001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:—
<collectingCountry id="59F8761394065C77FEB6FC2AFE9AFC7A" box="[256,327,980,1001]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="E32BF86194065C77FEF9FC2AFE45FC7A" box="[335,408,980,1001]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="C134ACF994065C77FE17FC2AFDFEFC7A" box="[417,547,980,1001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">North district</collectingMunicipality>
, near
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, alt.
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<elevation id="AAC2D1B094065C77FD5FFC2AFCE9FC7A" box="[745,820,980,1001]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.396" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" unit="m" value="3396.0">3396 m</elevation>
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,
<geoCoordinate id="44DB504494065C77FC8BFC2AFC18FC7A" box="[829,965,980,1001]" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" precision="1" seconds="35.6" value="27.826557">N 27°49ʹ35.6ʺ</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="44DB504494065C77FC7CFC2AFB8DFC7A" box="[970,1104,980,1001]" degrees="88" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" precision="1" seconds="06.7" value="88.551865">E 88°33ʹ06.7ʺ</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="5551104394065C77FBEDFC2AFB3BFC7A" box="[1115,1254,979,1001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" value="2014-07-22">
<collectingDate id="4515E9AB94065C77FBEDFC2AFB3BFC7A" box="[1115,1254,979,1001]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" value="2014-07-22">
22
<superScript id="D69A9BCB94065C77FBC5FC2DFB5CFC4C" attach="left" box="[1139,1153,979,991]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">nd</superScript>
July 2014
</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="47FEAE4694065C77FB59FC2AFADEFC7A" box="[1263,1283,980,1001]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
. Das, KD-14-006 (
<typeStatus id="FE54882194065C77FF72FC06FEFCFB9E" box="[196,289,1016,1037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="47FEAE4694065C77FE9DFC06FE82FB9E" box="[299,351,1016,1037]" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" name="Botanical Survey of India" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" type="Herbarium">CAL</collectionCode>
).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2150368394065C77FF3EFBE2FCE8FBA2" blockId="2.[136,1452,836,1073]" box="[136,821,1052,1073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
Etymology:—refers to the subalpine region of
<collectingRegion id="E32BF86194065C77FDFFFBE2FD4CFBA2" box="[585,657,1052,1073]" country="India" name="Sikkim" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Sikkim</collectingRegion>
, the
<typeStatus id="FE54882194065C77FD08FBE2FD3AFBA2" box="[702,743,1052,1073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">type</typeStatus>
locality
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2150368394065C77FF3EFB9CFDFDFA2C" blockId="2.[136,1452,1122,2083]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
Basidiomata 120–135 ×
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, annual, gregarious to solitary, erect, obpyramidal to subcylindrical in outline, large, laterally profuse. Stipe 15–25 ×
<quantity id="E6179B6694065C77FD86FB78FD77FB0C" box="[560,682,1158,1183]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="42.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="35.0">35–50 mm</quantity>
, represented by thick embedded (rudimentary) base, fleshy and moist when fresh, light and brittle on drying, smooth, glabrous, pastel yellow (3A4) when fresh and ochraceous to ochrebrown on drying, internal flesh chalky white, basal part blood red near the surface when bruised and/or after maturity. Branches in 5–6 ranks, dichotomously throughout, pastel yellow (3A4) when young, becoming paler with maturity or heavy rain; primary branch
<quantity id="E6179B6694065C77FE77FAE8FDD5FABC" box="[449,520,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" unit="in" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 in</quantity>
numbers,
<quantity id="E6179B6694065C77FDC8FAE8FD34FABC" box="[638,745,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 mm</quantity>
wide ascending to flaring, pale yellow to ochraceous; ultimate branchlet
<quantity id="E6179B6694065C77FF4FFAC4FE85FAC0" box="[249,344,1338,1363]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 mm</quantity>
long, dichotomous, compact and appear as cauliflower like; apices blunt, subacute to acute, pale yellow when young, becoming blood red or brownish red to violet brown (10D7–10E7) after bruising or at maturity. Taste mild, odor fungoid. Context chalky opaque, turning slightly greenish with FeSO
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, chalky white with Guaiacol but, remains unchanging with KOH.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2150368394065C77FF0BFA34FEDCF94C" blockId="2.[136,1452,1122,2083]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Hyphal system monomitic, generative hyphae frequently septate, rarely clamped, branched, smooth, hyaline; basal region tramal hyphae 2–5 μm wide and inflated to 7 μm, branched, thin-walled, parallel and compactly arranged, hyaline; tramal hyphae of branches 2.5–6 μm wide and inflated to 14 μm, compactly interwoven, unbranched (mostly), thin-walled, hyaline. Hymenium throughout the basidiomata. Basidioles 30–60 × 7–10 μm, elongate clavate, smooth, hyaline. Basidia 35–65 × 8–13 μm, elongate clavate, few appeared clamped at base but septate mostly, multiguttulate, 4-sterigmate, sterigmata 2–6 μm long and erect, hyaline. Basidiospores 10.5–(12.2)–15 × 4–(5.2)–6 μm, ellipsoid or elongate, minute to distinctly verrucose, apiculate (to 2 μm long), one to multiguttulate, pale yellow, non cyanophilic, inamyloid.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2150368394065C77FF0BF914FB0CF890" blockId="2.[136,1452,1122,2083]" box="[189,1233,1770,1795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
Habitat: Growing solitary to gregariously under
<taxonomicName id="E6EF4D0094065C77FD6DF914FC7AF890" authority="Griff." authorityName="Griff." box="[731,935,1770,1795]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="densa">
<emphasis id="139BEA9194065C77FD6DF914FCBCF890" box="[731,865,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Abies densa</emphasis>
Griff.
</taxonomicName>
in subalpine mixed forest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2150368394065C77FF0BF8F0FE6BF8B4" blockId="2.[136,1452,1122,2083]" box="[189,438,1806,1831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Molecular phylogeny:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2150368394065C76FF0BF8CCFF33FEDA" blockId="2.[136,1452,1122,2083]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,158,329]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on ITS dataset. Sequencing products of the newly described species ranged 625 nucleotides. All sequences were aligned and the ends trimmed to create a dataset of 688 nucleotides that included 289 parsimony informative characters. Each of the ML analysis iterations recovered a single tree, the likelihood values of which did not differ significantly. We have selected the topology resulting from the first iteration to present here (
<figureCitation id="B9D42A0694065C77FE8CF83CFE41F848" box="[314,412,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1206,1227]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,320,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[151,1436,317,1181]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood tree (-lnL = 2712.3965) generated using a GTR+I+G model of nucleotide evolution. Numbers to the left of / are MP bootstrap support (MPBS), and those to the right indicate the Maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLBS) support (in bold). MLBS and MPBS values ≥ 70% are shown. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP)&gt; 0.95 are indicated as black coloured thickened lines and the scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Ramaria subalpina is placed in bold font to highlight its phylogenetic position in the tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13676941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13676941/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Figure 3</figureCitation>
; -ln
<emphasis id="139BEA9194065C77FE71F83CFE0AF848" box="[455,471,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">L</emphasis>
= 2712.3965). Parsimony analyses produced most parsimonious tree with length = 550, Consistency Index (CI) = 0.515267, Retention Index (RI) = 0.700472, Composite Index = 0.376981 (0.360930), did not differ significantly in topology from those recovered in the ML analyses. Bayesian analyses reached a standard deviation of split frequencies of 0.005 after
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generations, and the initial 25% trees recovered were excluded as the burn-in. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values (BS) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) support many of the terminal nodes in the phylogeny, but fail to recover the deeper nodes with strong support. Accession numbers of newly generated ITS sequence (KT824242), as well as those pulled from GenBank and UNITE databases, are presented in
<figureCitation id="B9D42A0694075C76FF3EFECEFF35FEDA" box="[136,232,304,329]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1206,1227]" captionTargetBox="[155,1436,320,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-80@5.[151,1436,317,1181]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maximum likelihood tree (-lnL = 2712.3965) generated using a GTR+I+G model of nucleotide evolution. Numbers to the left of / are MP bootstrap support (MPBS), and those to the right indicate the Maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLBS) support (in bold). MLBS and MPBS values ≥ 70% are shown. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP)&gt; 0.95 are indicated as black coloured thickened lines and the scale bar represents the expected changes per site. Ramaria subalpina is placed in bold font to highlight its phylogenetic position in the tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13676941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13676941/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Figure 3</figureCitation>
.
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</treatment>
</document>
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