647 lines
68 KiB
XML
647 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="B131802DE28704D0EA1C35F560C9634C" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.833.30936" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8ce9ed0-be87-4026-83b4-4e0930e16ff7" ID-PMC="PMC6477873" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970--107" ID-PubMed="31048954" ID-ZooBank="3246F2A6452943148B9F75743F2DE7FF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970--107" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys " ModsDocTitle="Pentaneurellakatterjokki Fittkau & Murray (Chironomidae, Tanypodinae): redescription and phylogenetic position" checkinTime="1554126005932" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Laurindo da Silva, Fabio & Stur, Elisabeth" docDate="2019" docId="A8E87481DB86EA680012244D4AEFDF04" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 833: 107-119" docOrigin="ZooKeys 833" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.833.30936" docTitle="Pentaneurella katterjokki Fittkau & Murray 1983" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="A353FFE67739FFDFDB21FFB9D045FC58" masterDocTitle="Pentaneurellakatterjokki Fittkau & Murray (Chironomidae, Tanypodinae): redescription and phylogenetic position" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="107" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1701316874610" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F8438DFC0BA9A708A3F53F5BCA228FF0">Pentaneurellakatterjokki Fittkau & Murray (Chironomidae, Tanypodinae): redescription and phylogenetic position</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C4DC35A914A8CBAC33FF448F7C2B110C">Laurindo da Silva, Fabio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="560D8639E9982A74FCD4418A0B0DA7C7">Stur, Elisabeth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1C4E9BA8501A7B69B0818055B0BED46C">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A8E87481DB86EA680012244D4AEFDF04" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154535134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8E87481DB86EA680012244D4AEFDF04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8E87481DB86EA680012244D4AEFDF04" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<subSubSection id="00A93656D88D2F711A4CCDBD649290C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F69BAD113E19EE6BA5BD11B2DD3F1926" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="9668E462680179F5D730EFCFB9194E85" ID-CoL="76MZX" authority="Fittkau & Murray, 1983" authorityName="Fittkau & Murray" authorityYear="1983" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella katterjokki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katterjokki">Pentaneurella katterjokki Fittkau & Murray, 1983</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C9018CB2EB2406FA5EC8A2DFB0B34A32" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="21C01C15DC10248DF2F0D590CA7CA6EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="580B9CBF461A3AC46F59E837B99BBC29" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneura" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneura</taxonomicName>
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spec. Katterjokk Fittkau, 1962: 372 (description of male)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E2935D47B42EED68F42F5F2F163F36F" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="A2E2C5CF104CBC6ECA20AFCAF844EA61" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella katterjokki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katterjokki">Pentaneurella katterjokki</taxonomicName>
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Fittkau & Murray, 1983: 62 (description of male and immature stages)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4A86257C35776CFE572DA7C867BF1818" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="A2CCE40430F69F626297DEB7B99307C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BAB1B9232726DB1C1E5A84869B919450" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Type material: Holotype pharate male (ZSM slide A and B), SWEDEN, Katterjokk, Swedish Lappland, leg. L. Brundin. Two paratypes: pharate female and larva data as for holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C6A2941814BE24620D7275141243379" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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Additional material: NORWAY, Oppland, Rondane National Park: Adult male (NTNU-VM slide 201765), Skranglehaugen (P4), 1110 m asl,
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<geoCoordinate id="26C03878F8726BAB71B8EC3B536317AF" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="61.9827">61.98270N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9AB422613D4BBFB98CDEA89DF4F3496A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.8036">9.80360E</geoCoordinate>
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, 14-21.vii.2008, leg. T. Ekrem, [BOLD ID: ATNA328]. Adult male (NTNU-VM slide 201767), as previous except for Skranglehaugen (P3), 1115 m asl,
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<geoCoordinate id="B45782A8214B6DAD7BBE4B7129966766" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="61.98219">61.98219N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E740BD683FEF801DDDFE4F6AA27B94AF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.80451">9.80451E</geoCoordinate>
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, [BOLD ID: ATNA333]. Adult female (NTNU-VM slide 201768), as previous except for 07-14.vii.2008, leg. T. Hoffstad, [BOLD ID: ATNA335]. Adult female (NTNU-VM slide 201766), Skranglehaugen (P2), 1119 m asl,
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<geoCoordinate id="33EA56DFED28233AEF76CB0712CE92F2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="61.98141">61.98141N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="97AA9897BA0F2D83907A70154755B127" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.8048">9.80480E</geoCoordinate>
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, 14-21.vii.2008, leg. T. Ekrem, [BOLD ID: ATNA 331]. Pupa (NTNU-VM slide 201769), Skranglehaugen (P5), 1105 m asl,
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<geoCoordinate id="AC7F1C8ED2B379AC2468BBB0A5A7FDF2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="61.98346">61.98346N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="15B3A347A1EFC6B9839C5BB01FF012B6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.80384">9.80384E</geoCoordinate>
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, 07-14.vii.2008, leg. T. Hoffstad, [BOLD ID: ATNA338]. Larva (NTNU-VM slide 201764) Skranglehaugen, 1117 m asl, benthos,
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<geoCoordinate id="964BD9D26865134B7DA70E8CEA530C5E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="61.99186">61.99186N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE57F4CDB37EA923A8E682B07ED286DB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.80454">9.80454E</geoCoordinate>
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, 23.vi.2008, leg. E. Stur, [BOLD ID: ATNA122]. Pupa (NTNU-VM slide 201771)
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<normalizedToken id="22BD3F0D99C37827ABD8CB72B05116D8" originalValue="Dørålseter">Doralseter</normalizedToken>
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, 1032 m asl, kick sample 3,
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<geoCoordinate id="DC074554E1844DD87C68FA4DBCD8B051" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="61.99347">61.99347N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DDA22CE61FD34DC3F129B893314DC8FE" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.80343">9.80343E</geoCoordinate>
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, 10.viii.2015, leg. K.
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<normalizedToken id="DF0DF506D81CD42D7CD771D9F47406E8" originalValue="Hårsaker">Harsaker</normalizedToken>
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, T. Ekrem and M. Majaneva, [BOLD ID: EBAI-Ch122]. Larva (NTNU-VM slide 201770) as previous, [BOLD ID: EBAI-Ch66]. GERMANY, Bayern, Berchtesgaden National Park: Adult male, (NTNU-VM slide 201774), Herrenrointquelle 308, 1250 m asl,
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<geoCoordinate id="914A153E9019561927A07D65D445A4D3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.57778">47.57778N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CF90512081AA5342CEA49486C93D03BC" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="12.97222">12.97222E</geoCoordinate>
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, 26.vii-09.viii.2005, leg. F. Eder, [BOLD ID: ES147]. Adult male, (NTNU-VM slide 201772), Schapbachquelle 360a, 1140 m asl,
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<geoCoordinate id="DDE70B1CEBECC85D489D3D2EEEF0D5A5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.58278">47.58278N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="55E1A74296D654FCCC186F194BBFBF2B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="12.95806">12.95806E</geoCoordinate>
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, 27.v.-14.vi.2005, leg. F. Eder, [BOLD ID: ES46]. Adult male, (NTNU-VM slide 201773), as previous except for 28.vi-12.vii.2005, leg. F. Eder & A. Schellmoser [BOLD ID: ES82].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="34709553A28BD014FDC1CBC69E531FC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6A8838F3293EE2A182CF3635156F2300" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Diagnostic characters.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="96AD74151984BEB081A083BB8DF4090C" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="E796B73B4BDDC5BB52818C22E7C63C1E" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella katterjokki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katterjokki">Pentaneurella katterjokki</taxonomicName>
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differs from other
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<taxonomicName id="571EC4BFB072C5C82E47EDC3780176D6" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="tribe" tribe="Pentaneurini">Pentaneurini</taxonomicName>
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species by the combination of the following characters. Adult male: thorax with a scutal tubercle, tibial spur on fore leg with long outer tooth and shorter side teeth, anal point apically notched. Adult female: gonapophysis VIII triangular, tergite IX without setae, coxosternapodeme strongly curved, postgenital plate broadly rounded, labia with inconspicuous microtrichia. Pupa: plastron plate moderately large, corona absent, anal macrosetae with adhesive sheaths, genital sac symmetrically tapered. Larva: dorsally DP absent, peg sensilla large, firmly fused with the margin of antennal segment 2, forming a fork-like process.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="122CC79517765A07418E7FBEBBCC5F25" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="description">
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<paragraph id="580769284250E2656DE0F34949734796" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="83FC44D2571FD662B478C872F2A62781" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Adult male (n = 3, except where otherwise stated).Size. Total length 5.2 (1) mm. Wing length 3.0-3.1 mm. Total length/wing length 1.75 (1). Wing length/profemur length 2.09-2.22 (2).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E0964D0DFDC8513296DDE0D79B47C705" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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General coloration. Head pale brown with darker occipital margin; pedicel and antenna brown; maxillary palp pale brown. Thorax pale brown. Wing membrane transparent without marks. Legs brown to pale brown. Abdominal tergite
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<normalizedToken id="97F915CD393ECD7F8D38A3BCDDA4CA95" originalValue="I–VI">I-VI</normalizedToken>
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white, T VII with continuous pale brown transverse band near proximal margin, VIII pale brown; hypopygium pale brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AD7551FD86CC983DB6282ACABF04175F" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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Head. Temporal setae 17-19, uniserial. Eye ratio 0.47-0.59. Tentorium 235-289
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<normalizedToken id="CC9545C78F9D82E83CC392AB1BA9DB1B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long. Clypeus 132-189
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<normalizedToken id="7A3C36807F74F69D8BA380DB8C89F9AE" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, 97-111
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<normalizedToken id="E5B96CC28A0FFEBC2D616C8C045E9CE1" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide at widest part, bearing 12-22 setae. Cibarial pump 284-301
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<normalizedToken id="4911E9BA1A0B1D40DFF93A70DBF44F32" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long. Lengths of palpomeres 1-5 (in
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<normalizedToken id="00217E36C28AA2E88EAAC08311C0DF2A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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): 77-82; 84-97; 163-178; 171-207; 324-342. Antenna 1250-1297
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<normalizedToken id="28D17C1A8878C8ABF207D1F14D6258B6" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, diameter of pedicel 185-188 (2)
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<normalizedToken id="E10E153621C006E8EA4F90E011BF2F5A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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. AR 1.22-1.31.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="029A1268C84BFCA46895B6AF9B44C46C" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Thorax. Antepronotals 6-10. Acrostichals 30-52, double staggered row which diverges posteriorly to join the dorsocentral row; dorsocentrals 24-38, biserial anteriorly and uniserial posteriorly; prealars 11-12 (2); supraalar 1 (1). Anapleural suture ratio 0.48-0.55. Scutellars 10-14. Scutal tubercle present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5782C6AC882361F4196910C3F4AD5DD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Wing (Fig. 1A). Width 0.85-0.86 (4) mm. Membrane densely covered with macrotrichia. Costa 2.9-3.1 (4) mm long without extension ending proximal to R4+5; MCu almost at FCu; R2+3 present, R3 not reaching costa. VR 0.91-1.05. WW 0.27-0.29. Brachiolum with 3 setae. Squama with 18-26 (2) setae. Anal lobe moderately developed.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B158AA0E0161F15B02EE45B853E6CF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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Legs (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken id="4D56D3EFC05F478DD36DFD118ED9F623" originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
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). Fore leg: width at apex of tibia 70 (2)
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<normalizedToken id="63B995EEF144A2F94C8FC9FAED7DB5F6" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, tibia with single, apical and pectinate spur 36-37 (2)
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<normalizedToken id="FBFF998ABC1955AEC5FE11F55F56D07F" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long (Fig. 1B), with 4 (2) lateral teeth; ta1-4 without preapical pseudospurs. Mid leg: width at apex of tibia 64-72
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<normalizedToken id="3FF35C93835E64E257AC80F7007CEF89" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, tibia with two apical spurs 22-27; 32-40
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<normalizedToken id="3B440482DF4241617DF464B9C29434DE" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long (Fig. 1C), with 4-5 lateral teeth; ta1-4 with preapical pseudospurs. Hind leg: width at apex of tibia 62-72
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<normalizedToken id="AD2434A3D18F09BEED529EA84175524D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, tibia with two apical spurs 22-29; 25-29
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<normalizedToken id="CA57F30AA8672A7E25A73AACA2306372" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long (Fig. 1D), with 4 lateral teeth; comb not observed; ta1-4 without preapical pseudospurs. Claws slender, distally recurved and pointed and with large basal protuberance (Fig. 1E). Pulvilli absent. Lengths and proportion of leg segments as in Table 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="896E4B7249112E667C422D995FF50C63" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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Hypopygium (Fig. 1F). Tergite IX slightly concave posteriorly, without posterior setae. Membranous anal point broad, apically notched. Phallapodeme 106-130 (2)
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<normalizedToken id="1451572F8D7DC71A1CD6A2E38A125CF2" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long. Sternapodeme with reduced anterior process. Gonocoxite cylindrical, 235-285
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<normalizedToken id="06EE947CDD4638F9885DF6FA2CE7DDC7" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, 103-131
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<normalizedToken id="52873067FC249D1B598E06801D9221E4" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide. GcR 2.02-2.44. Gonostylus slender, 166-176
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<normalizedToken id="A252EC56D9A1D0C9CE76D9417ED1984E" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, megaseta cochleariform, 14-17
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<normalizedToken id="186B2DFD301E4C5393CD8AA86B44B450" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long. HR 1.44-1.62. HV 3.04 (1).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="EC731E6F3A83E20C61B97E94D714D666" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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<paragraph id="344025C78AC3917F44931CF1B1F33EC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName id="F4696846FD8DF53FEF4AFCF3BF67ADA1" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella katterjokki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katterjokki">Pentaneurella katterjokki</taxonomicName>
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Fittkau & Murray, adult male (
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<normalizedToken id="729A760509198CCCE296A56A931E4D39" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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), adult female (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="15DB60B299F9C6A09304E33F2136CE7F" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
). A Wing B fore tibial spur C mid tibial spurs D hind tibial spurs E tarsal claw F hypopygium, left: ventral aspect, right: dorsal aspect G female genitalia, dorsal aspect H female genitalia, ventral aspect. Scale bars: 500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5AADE0ECCF8A0E194A7BFD0019928DB7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(A); 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7AAAE3A64F9872F34A6482D3EE5613A5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(G, H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="2D6609FC843F8F677A8B2FD3DD2E5C5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<paragraph id="C063F3FB023186D742EEB1BCD2AAFACF" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Table 1. Lengths (in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4095D2CBD7E76634400AB99FC7736757" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and proportions of leg segments in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="008804801F495908B35AC6FBCF79CB18" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella katterjokki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katterjokki">Pentaneurella katterjokki</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fittkau & Murray, male (n = 2 or 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E8854ADF337C5A4D3DEBD406D615D68" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<table id="4C823A4A93CB9594C09D93E4336C096E" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<tr id="35028448C3666DBEFC24F0393063B6BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<th id="A337EB6E79C11DAEEC0185D301741F59" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">fe</th>
|
||
<th id="715F26073ADCFCB8DE6A4FBCCE58C054" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">ti</th>
|
||
<th id="3EF3A64E5F767F11AB16B1EC3B19178A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
ta
|
||
<sub id="31129116A8754A3F69B78B3B74B54417" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">1</sub>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="95016CBF96A49C1975C3AFB874C35445" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
ta
|
||
<sub id="647BB8226D85A4F43A96D566BEB33936" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">2</sub>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="C8E14E68CE330A0284DE7878239A353F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
ta
|
||
<sub id="FA32BCE3176104EC566C7BFA5997D9FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">3</sub>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="16DEEFCCF766D59C79458BEF73CCEB0D" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="D16BDB04DD5C7B364F1785E987E7BA98" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="10EA03B9365BE95599F96D0A0E47D46E" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="E149100EA3C02E663B83AE85C9A80CED" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5072C1AD978740492738BB8B43734896" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="153D005103C5641D05463DAD29949154" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1D3ED9440A28664542986AB51AED4E78" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="5E5C98D0D89317988B3C3CF1AF59B46A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td id="894762A21FC8C4D5EC1F94F2C842C10E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="79BAEE28D1319D36191C89C076CE59DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="81944BDA10B03D4C945F6C8104A360A7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="EBC6D87D878AD301B4184493EC32D429" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="5412C35A85658FD2C38EC91DCDA7512C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B0A1CC639C5D5E3DBC741D12AD608978" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="2A6E1F55A5250F6655A2D2A90900856D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="217C70C6584175EC641CFB459010C556" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Adult female (n = 2, except where otherwise stated). Size. Total length 5.2 (1) mm. Wing length 3.3-3.4 mm. Total length/wing length 1.02-1.14. Wing length/profemur length 2.55-2.74.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F9F0C22DE95922F2CB6A48D88D37976B" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">General coloration. Head pale brown with darker occipital margin; pedicel and antenna brown; maxillary palp pale brown. Thorax pale brown. Wing membrane transparent without marks. Legs brown to pale brown. Abdominal tergites and genitalia pale brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8EEE71D75196BA5E7A4885B74D093789" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Head. Temporal setae 22-24, irregularly uniserial. Eye ratio 1.12-1.33. Tentorium 186-287
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ADCB62A11878D5C576E42B25A7BB7A84" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Clypeus 157-176
|
||
<normalizedToken id="96F82AFA3A7C9EE97B22132807EC7D25" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, 108-121
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6C14F3BF3BBA21BDE798C80FBB75E4D9" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at largest part, bearing 25-28 setae. Cibarial pump 281-305
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3059BF55EC0E859D9488B8BD1D1A92E3" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Lengths of palpomeres 1-5 (in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="684AB196C56E2E59461A93157C1FA80A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
): 52-57; 98-102; 180-181; 188-193; 333-334. Antenna 897-920
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ECDD5C700778E4B27F8DD6AFEA45805A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, diameter of pedicel 98-100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C9B3EDEF952B173F91469F779906048F" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. AR 0.36-0.39.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="68557BDC3618134C30A8E7DB0F648DA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Thorax. Antepronotals 7. Acrostichals 44-48, double staggered row which diverges posteriorly to join the dorsocentral row of setae; dorsocentrals 36-48, biserial anteriorly and uniserial posteriorly; prealars 15-16; supraalars 2. Anapleural suture ratio 0.49 (1). Scutellars 8-10. Scutal tubercle present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="104E10F5978399B50C0B04A450649FD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Wing. Width 1.00-1.10 mm. Costa 3.3-3.4 mm long. VR 0.96-0.98. WW 0.30-0.31. Brachiolum with 3 setae. Squama with 22-25 setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25A9E85FB79AA647172B6A0575EB0D4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Legs. Fore leg: width at apex of tibia 71-74
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BC127EB8869A650431B650363C42759A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, tibia with single, apical and pectinate spur 27-28
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7C9E729034BDD34251326A55ED6DD1F9" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, with 4 lateral teeth; ta1-4 without preapical pseudospurs. Mid leg: width at apex of tibia 54-68
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AC7B5E54A26E07B273214AC0D3016AB0" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, tibia with two apical spurs 27-28; 29-32
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5035B41B47F526DE4C58E9D8A190194A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, with 4-5 lateral teeth; ta1-4 with preapical pseudospurs. Hind leg: width at apex of tibia 65-67
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E9841753E40E33336038008EC8947C89" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, tibia with two apical spurs 30-35; 44-48
|
||
<normalizedToken id="56B8902F886F09CC8D91DA56A0D3672F" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, with 4 lateral teeth; comb not observed; ta1-4 without preapical pseudospurs. Claws slender, distally recurved and pointed and with large basal protuberance. Lengths and proportion of leg segments as in Table 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0812F196E1F2C17459F622242EBE26C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Genitalia (Fig. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F0175B002EC2F0040ED00CD70E57F831" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Gonapophysis VIII triangular, 84-85
|
||
<normalizedToken id="39A68A202AEEAA92123B066CFF6CCA7B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Tergite IX without setae. Coxosternapodeme 142-159
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A10F9BDF909645E8E03E5C71AE8DD0F1" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Postgenital plate broadly rounded. Cerci oval-quadrate, 55-63
|
||
<normalizedToken id="387B506E323D609B4748ADC4DFDDF1FC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, 24-31
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E83735307CD39B576B8DEF783CF21CCD" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide; with 20 elongated setae. Labia with inconspicuous microtrichia. Notum 196-199
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7512C3A549A97C6B7E9EBEFCAC0D541F" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Seminal capsules oblong, 74-75
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BBB33D513571E0534C05114ACC55E605" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, 55-69
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A0F4C4A8FC3677451ADEBF0C170F50B3" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, with conical shaped necks. Length ratio SCa/No 0.37-0.38.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DD23A33246861D07A2AB07513F77E380" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B1E4B2004B706B726E8A679103379C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Table 2. Lengths (in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="373F32F85A55CFB364726DC925DB544B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and proportions of leg segments in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEEC675F065D7981C3174CD4336280A1" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella katterjokki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katterjokki">Pentaneurella katterjokki</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fittkau & Murray, female (n = 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9C3CB9BD6A2F251AA803822FC3A4616A" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<table id="659356083553052F4789810EF51FCCB6" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<tr id="8E909FDEB842BD7B9269D77D633BC58D" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<th id="6C743C339A505EFA689BE1A5CE9D651D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">fe</th>
|
||
<th id="3CE12DDFCCECCC020C2AEB4BF5CCD3A6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">ti</th>
|
||
<th id="FC6B6AF1891CFF8A3BB132D5FC0FE310" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
ta
|
||
<sub id="A08F87B375DC9A824BCE1C671C9637BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">1</sub>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="D27F54CCD0E780BD80BBD4DD54A91DDA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
ta
|
||
<sub id="36C288559D93BC063B36EA384276B792" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">2</sub>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="1EA916E186C79A7475C11E8A856A18BB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">
|
||
ta
|
||
<sub id="C09A217C60FE3CEA4F37FA432D20255A" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">3</sub>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="54289D9D79600ACC9FAFE30303E547D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="AF0A1C071EF2BFEAD4BABBD6C1D253E2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3FDB53A812D809A091EF53EA75772B03" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="83B35563CCA8E828D2D128B3AF17F7F0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="53978DD2BFD5491D8B0340893B821587" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="A6B9F9FB0F30903A01D422B87B79F685" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A68A33FA5B760344661F31FEA4A9A2EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="31A53C9D99F64E30577AEE8B793FA028" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">4</td>
|
||
<td id="2A8B26F7204D947761C3E463430758CE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2F370AE55231C4A2A7F34B431F275931" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="967CE3869E5723053B569CF5E76AF593" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D0443EA9B76440B6DC03A71446202F13" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="859DE23035FAD3B01FBEDD46C18FEC4A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1593CC6210D5252E3C19F0F3CC01DAA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<td id="4BEC343797FD0B39F0FBF360255A8D66" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6EAF6E95E009A26D506D87491B48AF6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Pupa (n = 2, except where otherwise stated).Size. Abdomen 3.5-4.3 mm long in male.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FF7EDD7ECA7F3CEB60C3E6EF750D5C90" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">General coloration. Exuviae mostly pale brown without any distinctive patterns; thoracic horn brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CDC94E3C183C3B87D617C39417D0F7E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Cephalothorax (Fig. 2A). Wing sheath smooth, 1.5-1.6 mm long. Thoracic horn 322-336
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F774EA7AB8907058625F669A403D160D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long and 111-115
|
||
<normalizedToken id="601C53C361CF4197159044839EDBB42A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide (Fig. 2A). THR 2.89-2.93. Respiratory atrium almost filling the lumen cavity, apically constricted into a narrow, short and straight neck, connected basally to a large rounded plastron plate. External membrane with spinules basally interconnected, forming scales. Basal lobe large apically round. Thoracic comb with 14 or 15 conical tubercles (Fig. 2A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="36D36B7432F7C62460174370B08A136F" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Abdomen (Fig. 2B, C). Tergite I with scar 217-238
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2190743F69836922258FB1D39493DEE5" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Shagreen on tergites very sparse, spinules only present on the anterior median border of tergite VII, anterior and posterior borders of tergite VIII and sparsely on the anal lobe. Sternites I and VIII without shagreen, S
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5B91EB87BBAAF9C5EBEC988BB0945223" originalValue="II–VI">II-VI</normalizedToken>
|
||
with lateral longitudinal narrow bands or shagreen, S VII almost entirely covered with shagreen. Abdominal chaetotaxy as in figure 2B. Abdominal segment VII with 4 LS-setae. A VIII with 5 LS-setae. Anal lobe 516-533
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1FEDEBE2D2B724CF8E34001701EB26C4" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, 319-331
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CD32FEF19CC264E81D89232C397BCB39" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide (Fig. 2C). ALR 1.60-1.62. Male genital sac not surpassing apex of anal lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B08C28359ADB9847492AA319F08B3ECF" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC3948FC252A56DD63E33F592986D16E" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DFB6FA77900243883CF0C865640057A" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella katterjokki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katterjokki">Pentaneurella katterjokki</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fittkau & Murray, pupa. A Thoracic horn with basal lobe and thoracic comb B abdominal segments with chaetotaxy, dorsal aspect C anal lobe and male genital sac, ventral aspect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C47314229A363A094EB1BC06F0573726" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">4th instar larva (n = 2, except where otherwise stated).General coloration. Head golden yellow, postoccipital margin brown. Ligula pale yellow, with apex brown. Abdomen pale yellow. Procercus pale brown along anterior margin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="09B75C82667B9FEADC7793FE202628BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Head (Fig. 3A). Length 808-873
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FA60D0663A8517A6CF75408C5EF36570" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 495-518
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D971D43F78D35737D718CDBB59D357A6" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide; IC 0.59-0.61. Dorsally DP absent, S5 and S8 postero-mesal to S7. Ventrally S9, S10 and SSm forming a gently curved line (Fig. 3A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="92FA740EB8ECEC5CC27A7707D6CB3EB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Antenna (Fig. 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1918CA0C4920C3A73D4202611898F49C" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Length 374-383
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C96DC1A66DE3A8844BE1E545CE9EA2CE" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, A1 274-276
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9ADE468C63FA543AA577FB75D74F45DF" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, with ring organ located 0.44-0.54 from base, A2 86-93
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1954BE073D4C6B399E504B6EFBCE0A75" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Peg sensilla large, firmly fused with margin of antennal segment 2, forming a fork-like process (Fig. 3C). AR 2.57-2.73. Blade 104-106
|
||
<normalizedToken id="03C38B700C01497FDCA6E3A83B955C1B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9764836999A906E7431E1784E187B745" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Maxilla (Fig. 3D). Basal palp segment 59-60
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DB1AC7FFADE4EA8789004F9BFF9A7C4E" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, 12-13 wide at middle, with ring organ located 0.40-0.68 from base. PR 4.44-4.45. APR 4.59-4.66.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E0AADB005A0C1202B07F1F3A9770A7B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Mandible (Fig. 3E). Length 95-115
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CA827CD86027AF8AB5AAFD0D0CC7A9F9" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Sensillum campaniformium located 0.72 from apex. AMD 2.38- 2.89.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D334A99560364A5D3D4C6411AB99105" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Mentum and M appendage (Fig. 3F). Dorsomentum sclerotised, without teeth. Labial vesicles oblong. Pseudoradula with fine granulation, not arranged in distinct longitudinal rows, 115 (1)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="19B540C2BC16182BA091C73FDC18414D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7C06C8E008885F1D45384464BB8D823E" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF9C4FE36023500F70B1A1FD09819D5C" genus="Hypopharyngeal" lsidName="Hypopharyngeal complex" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="complex">Hypopharyngeal complex</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2941B602476D0E773D2AF3E3F2EFF350" originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Ligula with 5 teeth, 86-98
|
||
<normalizedToken id="844BE9FC23E12D64B5263507E1B81403" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, 44-52
|
||
<normalizedToken id="06FEDE012177562312721709F143E336" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide at base; row of teeth slightly concave, middle and inner teeth subequal in size, outer slightly larger; inner teeth curved outward (Fig. 3G). IO 0.98-1.02, MO 0.98-1.00. Paraligula bifid, 36-47
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B453E197962544E034B55E28BF83686E" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, inner tooth 29-36
|
||
<normalizedToken id="85A2040C47A2A82086AE461AD168BF04" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Pecten hypopharyngis with 14-15 subequal teeth, corner tooth and middle teeth slightly broader than remainder (Fig. 3H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C09E65A5E13D360026D90999EF744306" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Body (Fig. 3I). Without fringe of swim-setae. Procercus 153-182
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B917705CC0297813F5B9FDB06D41A67A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long, 54-71
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1D7A9DC56FC959ACCF2ECC0E3E6C7780" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
wide, with 6 anal setae 680-760
|
||
<normalizedToken id="78A8CCC5595961CCB545B4F649DC7D83" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. L/W 2.56-2.83. Anal tubules slender, 311-341
|
||
<normalizedToken id="10E145544F8DF4729BD83245C4A3FF97" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Posterior parapod 671-695
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3D2C20E4864F2C4201527876FC96CDE2" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
long. Claws simple (Fig. 3I), some with small spines on inner and/or outer margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A83EF65D7C41F09AA1CE964D58977F0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<paragraph id="59C37AB9641C756EFAB00197F8AA2D4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B0E62BDD60513B2F01BB027E04237B7" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella katterjokki" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="katterjokki">Pentaneurella katterjokki</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fittkau & Murray, larva. A Head with chaetotaxy. Left: ventral aspect, right: dorsal aspect B antenna C apex of antenna D maxillary palp E mandible F mentum and M-appendage G ligula and paraligula H pecten hypopharyngis I simple claw of posterior parapod.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BC1EC200254AC2932FC02458AED68E22" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="systematics">
|
||
<paragraph id="EE685138345D9031B8A543F7B4E48A39" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Systematics.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E101303E0DC31258BBA2173A07222563" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
In their comprehensive analyses of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F1C03DD98E72D555438F09D8991FB2A" family="Chironomidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51F6044B2EFFDC93CDA8456E1C097C75" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="36DEEE21DCD6DDDFA76CD215ABDF9BD9" author="Silva, FL" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="73 - 92" title="Phylogenetic relationships of nonbiting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) inferred from morphology." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12141" volume="41" year="2016">Silva and Ekrem (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered morphological characters across all life stages for all nine tribes within the subfamily, involving 54 genera and 115 species. In their study, Silva and Ekrem suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1A04B9FCF47EA872F495355E96ED7D8" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paramerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramerina" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paramerina</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fittkau,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88F6F392392FE7A08158AE3389C54C4E" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Reomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Reomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Roback and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09174DC773DADB22D8B5CD7CA924788E" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Schineriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schineriella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schineriella</taxonomicName>
|
||
Murray & Fittkau should be subgenera in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA7D85CF06B3A0EF29BE2F394C16A2FE" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zavrelimyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zavrelimyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACBECA224C08F037068DDC612C0DE300" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recovered as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28E8A70DDF033B06B29276FF2AA0A7BA" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Trissopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trissopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trissopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kieffer in both analyses of equally weighted characters and by using implied weights. However, in an ongoing phylogenetic study of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28DB1E9C8EA41AD00B2CA562E9C36BE2" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which includes morphological evidence from modern and fossil chironomids (Silva and Baranov unpub. data),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73A3FD7F55BEC9F3C5485A3E09021689" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
turned out to be more closely related to the subgenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ED1ECFCD7EE2A497FF279DF87B888E2" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Reomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Reomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74D4C1D1E395D8AF2BF95C4FCC4DD90D" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Schineriella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schineriella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schineriella</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8058882578D4CD8E487FAC7FD06FB9E2" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zavrelimyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zavrelimyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C99CC6CD5830A66749C2472F24A8FBB" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zavrelimyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zavrelimyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4AC4A154062FD458D5F3A668EAC4B23C" author="Silva, FL" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="73 - 92" title="Phylogenetic relationships of nonbiting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) inferred from morphology." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12141" volume="41" year="2016">Silva and Ekrem (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECB3B637D973955BB9FE73D5C455870E" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Trissopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trissopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trissopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although with low support.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C34967C83179D823F706A899C4DDE5B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="424235642809B072AA313C85D128C204" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F1BA44439A9763DA4A83D6D3A485E527" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Larsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Larsia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fittkau,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D19BA08A8D636F31B1B44C508DF7F41" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneura" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneura</taxonomicName>
|
||
Philippi,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A272783916767619045E623EF91EAA47" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Trissopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trissopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trissopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EE68B10C4B7A18455D96B599943AF34" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zavrelimyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zavrelimyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fittkau. The bases of the lyrate tibial spurs are similar to the ones of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66F65A68E66182D5FFDAA0942F9D82D6" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Larsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Larsia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63E297A6B8BECF9BA20E47F643056F95" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneura" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneura</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the absence of setae on tergite IX resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E60368A24196D8E4EF158B415E166C40" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Trissopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trissopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trissopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5C204F919227C7C0E523B314F76A9FD3" author="Murray, DA" editor="Wiederholm, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="37 - 124" title="The adult males of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and Diagnoses." volume="34" volumeTitle="The adult males of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses." year="1989">Murray and Fittkau 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nonetheless,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B533EC3C1A678171FAEFEFEE0493BB76" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A04E7686C8B32DBFDF30307DA36B05ED" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Larsia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larsia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Larsia</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the presence of a distinctively notched, membranous anal point, while the presence of a distinct scutal tubercle separates adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B8A9541C322A878E179792B1AD3BC03" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
from both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12526FEF11B4162C6861164255542BE1" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Trissopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trissopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trissopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C779A8EA2B23DCBD58A4040AD05939CD" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneura" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneura</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="701184D24360976A913BD9747FE80B77" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73460EF65F0BD7D87C7C4FC0175F203A" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zavrelimyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zavrelimyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu lato, only differing from the latter by having a scutal tubercle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BF3CBABEABEF341C362CE72A372D566F" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Regarding the immature stages, the pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBB61742C28EAC6EC9AE5AA7C722B61D" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows certain similarities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="084B481328938A6BD844A7104F234F9C" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Krenopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Krenopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fittkau and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF76A92A7F20274B451AE78393A6F0B6" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Monopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Monopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fittkau (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A16251AB00395E95B485F15E41C9284" author="Fittkau, EJ" editor="Wiederholm, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="31 - 113" title="The pupae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and Diagnoses." volume="28" volumeTitle="The adult males of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses." year="1986">Fittkau and Murray 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48504CE2FEED669DD53E523D203FC50E" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Monopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Monopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recovered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="11094846B8DB714D3B9C9399F041BE23" author="Silva, FL" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="73 - 92" title="Phylogenetic relationships of nonbiting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) inferred from morphology." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12141" volume="41" year="2016">Silva and Ekrem (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34D82F5B55E44FC575859A5297636BC0" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilotanypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nilotanypus" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nilotanypus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kieffer, and these two taxa as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC6F6A21BD4F1A534712380A4A8657D1" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Monopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monopelopia (Cantopelopia)" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cantopelopia">Monopelopia (Cantopelopia)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Roback. The presence of a basal lobe and thoracic comb, and anal macrosetae with adhesive sheaths, however, may be used to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="375A602FC33BA52E7363B8AEA7A9654C" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E20A2C1D689FA13EF67F458BEF74A89" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Krenopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Krenopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BDBBC677CCC5B4054B194897440E311" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Monopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Monopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B1625CEC0E0DB42F27AE001DB798C513" author="Fittkau, EJ" editor="Wiederholm, T" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="31 - 113" title="The pupae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and Diagnoses." volume="28" volumeTitle="The adult males of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic region - Keys and diagnoses." year="1986">Fittkau and Murray 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3ECF538144FD1E663B53A2DEF0AC9FD2" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AF52C5329739BA5F7FC56E626EEEF2B" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Krenopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Krenopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FB17BDD7976B1FD221A466FDAD7B379" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneura" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneura</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15812EA7FB8EB74D2E7321E0D4173E6F" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Trissopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trissopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trissopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing a large peg sensilla which is firmly fused with the margin of antennal segment 2, forming a tuning-fork-like process. In both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E06A2797EA2D4DE097324D4487926D16" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF53DFE6AEAED8F50C82D37877996397" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Krenopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Krenopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Krenopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
the ligula has a lower middle tooth and inner teeth are curved outward. The absence of a dorsal pore, however, separates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="105F4401A14DFE4BFA2A36533923F603" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
from this genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6A464D794E1EB4A9E2229BD19E0C3E20" author="Cranston, PS" editor="Andersen, T" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Evolution Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="39 - 136" title="The larvae of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses." volume="66" volumeTitle="The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Region - Keys and diagnoses." year="2013">Cranston and Epler 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3070AC6054187C3533168DB5D88AEB81" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear to have cephalic setation and fork-like Lauterborn organs similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2DC09D134F6D773E43D88322417D842" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Zavrelimyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zavrelimyia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zavrelimyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu lato.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="279A10F94B61D86A09D99375AA77C89D" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="31721AD968F23E9A935ED677E76DA566" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">Remarks on distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8942F51F474E1EB1AF464D532450C694" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
In the Palaearctic, the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CF3E3050AB006772F7819DEABD58A9E" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Tanypodinae">Tanypodinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is represented by 29 genera, of which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58F8AE55F90E7BA53DDD56ACA1FD8484" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Anatopynia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anatopynia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anatopynia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Johannsen,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C1EBD56B7C68475CC62982797C970A2" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Telmatopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Telmatopelopia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Telmatopelopia</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fittkau and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="630C3F1C6D422A05C545F5E0CB9376BF" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently are unique to the region. The latter is a relatively common genus of non-biting midges initially recorded from northern Scandinavia. Currently, the genus has been recorded in Finland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41CED32D4F950ECBF1C8A8DA3E6706A3" author="Paasivirta, L" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="63 - 90" title="Checklist of the family Chironomidae (Diptera) of Finland." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.441.7461" volume="441" year="2014">Paasivirta 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), France (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="33B3CE56E361B6E1D406C4C8136B8E8C" author="Brown, LE" journalOrPublisher="Freshwater Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="878 - 890" title="Groundwater influence on alpine stream ecosystems." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01739.x" volume="52" year="2007">Brown et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A31486A1679F22351CBFDBAAB3E82E6" author="Moubayed-Breil, J" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Norvegica" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="167 - 173" title="Rheotanytarsusdactylophoreus, a new mountain species from streams in the Eastern Pyrenees and Corsica (Diptera: Chironomidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5324/fn.v31i0.1375" volume="31" year="2012">Moubayed-Breil et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Germany (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB46A321CFBC2DD59E0D15739C0E8D7C" author="Stur, E" editor="Gerecke, R" journalOrPublisher="Forschungsbericht" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="183 - 194" title="Familie Zuckmuecken (Chironomidae)" volume="51" volumeTitle="Quellen im Nationalpark Berchtesgaden. Lebensgemeinschaften als Indikatoren des Klimawandels." year="2006">Stur and Wiedenbrug 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Norway (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="771B18FAF246C0D24866A3EAA33518B4" author="Fittkau, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 63" title="Pentaneurellakatterjokki, eine neue Gattung und Art der Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae)." volume="32" year="1983">Fittkau and Murray 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Russia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3EC75A74ED74E4C5BD1D07DBE91E37C5" author="Ashe, P" journalOrPublisher="Irish Biogeographical Society & National Museum of Ireland, Dublin" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" title="A World Catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera). Part 1. Buchonomyiinae, Chilenomyiinae, Podonominae, Aphroteniinae, Tanypodinae, Usambaromyiinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae and Telmatogetoninae." year="2009">
|
||
Ashe and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E8CD278DD0168A87349EE7BF0070F019" originalValue="O’Connor">O'Connor</normalizedToken>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Slovakia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0CE5233587EEB2971D85D9C84EC6449D" author="Sporka, F" journalOrPublisher="Slovensky hydrometeorologicky ustav, Bratislava" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" title="Vodne bezstavovce (makroevertebrata) Slovenska, supis druhov a autekologicke charakteristiky." year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EC36921AA69046123AA1C46237B820A1" originalValue="Šporka">Sporka</normalizedToken>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Spain (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8CFAAC26D2D457112DB1667551CA0882" author="Hjorth-Andersen, MCT" journalOrPublisher="A, Zaragosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" title="Catalogo de los Diptera de Espana, Portugal y Andorra (Insecta). Monografias S. E." year="2002">Hjorth-Andersen 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Sweden (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1EB51F8A71F3F4B2547DF5CD5409845C" author="Fittkau, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 63" title="Pentaneurellakatterjokki, eine neue Gattung und Art der Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae)." volume="32" year="1983">Fittkau and Murray 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="21FF73FCA617E7BAEAE1E34853DCADC0" author="Bylen, EKC" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Protistology" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="139 - 150" title="Ultrastructural study and description of Pernicivesiculagracilis gen. et sp. nov. (Microspora, Pereziidae), a rod-shaped microsporidium of midge larvae, Pentaneurella sp. (Diptera, Chironomidae), in Sweden." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0932-4739(11)80024-6" volume="30" year="1994">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FEE71F6543047A252D6A60CC0ACF121B" originalValue="Bylén">Bylen</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Ronny-Larsson 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Switzerland (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8DC536EC668616B57ABCCB961E6B5A2" author="Lods-Crozet, B" editor="Merz, B" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Helvetica" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="92 - 101" title="Chironomidae." volume="1" volumeTitle="Diptera - Check-list." year="1998">Lods-Crozet 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Turkey (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC2AF31315E28F75B4765C97616CADC5" author="Oezkan, N" journalOrPublisher="Gazi University Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="69 - 75" title="The Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) Fauna of Goekceada (Imbroz)." volume="19" year="2006">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C162BE0C50B9E7B606D3316D085265B8" originalValue="Özkan">Oezkan</normalizedToken>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2029014321E2C4A2F90B74BBE053A1DD" author="Kazanci, N" journalOrPublisher="Review of Hydrobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 16" title="Determination of indicator genera of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in running waters in western Turkey." volume="1" year="2008">Kazanci et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Herein, we record
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85DE0E4C16BE57ADEA06BE8A139D795D" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Central Norway. Several specimens were collected in the Rondane National Park, located in typical high mountain area, with large plateaus and several lentic and lotic systems.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E46509B5E5912295FB0E01D942556B21" pageId="0" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Little is known about the ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="93188F67E5C5CC283B13F5F19055ED6C" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Immature stages seem to be cold stenothermic rheophiles and krenophiles. Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E30E2A59D0C9DEF9B13F352F6723DA76" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded inhabiting springs and spring-fed streams in Sweden and the Bavarian Alps as well as mountain streams in northern and Central Norway (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A82BF5480FD295C44D822EE5C68F078" author="Fittkau, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="57 - 63" title="Pentaneurellakatterjokki, eine neue Gattung und Art der Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae)." volume="32" year="1983">Fittkau and Murray 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A96984DF8455F19E1A8F9761D4723F9F" author="Stur, E" editor="Gerecke, R" journalOrPublisher="Forschungsbericht" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="183 - 194" title="Familie Zuckmuecken (Chironomidae)" volume="51" volumeTitle="Quellen im Nationalpark Berchtesgaden. Lebensgemeinschaften als Indikatoren des Klimawandels." year="2006">Stur and Wiedenbrug 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, own data).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0E12E71607417A3076034304D7C3EB73" author="Moubayed-Breil, J" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Norvegica" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="167 - 173" title="Rheotanytarsusdactylophoreus, a new mountain species from streams in the Eastern Pyrenees and Corsica (Diptera: Chironomidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5324/fn.v31i0.1375" volume="31" year="2012">Moubayed-Breil et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A2C10850207BDDA1DFD3BAEA2135752" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
in low and middle mountain streams located in the eastern Pyrenees and Corsica, while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B3AB31BAF05E12932A70188CADACC268" author="Bylen, EKC" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Protistology" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="139 - 150" title="Ultrastructural study and description of Pernicivesiculagracilis gen. et sp. nov. (Microspora, Pereziidae), a rod-shaped microsporidium of midge larvae, Pentaneurella sp. (Diptera, Chironomidae), in Sweden." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0932-4739(11)80024-6" volume="30" year="1994">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F690DD4569913C51372C44E009A0F50C" originalValue="Bylén">Bylen</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Ronny-Larsson (1994)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42707FD8FE601F3D7A5EC2DA237CB896" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
being parasitized by the microsporidium
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EF5DE0A44D0B16EE6690B0C260FBC55" class="Microsporea" family="Pereziidae" genus="Pernicivesicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Protozoa" lsidName="Pernicivesicula gracilis" order="Meiodihaplophasida" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Microsporidia" rank="species" species="gracilis">Pernicivesicula gracilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="16F1DDA835B9041F7C366694C8F77995" originalValue="Bylén">Bylen</normalizedToken>
|
||
& Ronny-Larsson, in a sample of midge larvae collected from a small river in southern Sweden. Furthermore, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E804B566554E50F8B772D562C3ECA482" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pentaneurella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pentaneurella" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pentaneurella</taxonomicName>
|
||
were also recorded from a sand bed stream from insular Turkey (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="32AC2D92E7B31348ADFF8B0F5F3227F8" author="Oezkan, N" journalOrPublisher="Gazi University Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="107" pagination="69 - 75" title="The Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) Fauna of Goekceada (Imbroz)." volume="19" year="2006">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5AA986ED1B757C2FB57770E4762066FA" originalValue="Özkan">Oezkan</normalizedToken>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |