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<document id="71944B1252530ED43705F6093F6113CE" ID-CLB-Dataset="8482" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4858.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02f3688b-c8fb-446b-a79f-ba187f6b2b42" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411659" ID-ZooBank="FF7B5935-823E-4187-A3FE-D3CEF7BF3E9F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609609385138" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stauffer, Jay R., Bills, Roger, Skelton, Paul H. &amp; Weyl, Olaf L. F." docDate="2020" docId="A86987FEFFFB203EFF5818D1FAC2FE70" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4858.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4858 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Serranochromis jallae" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="132" masterDocId="5450FF86FFFF2038FFCF1B5FFFB0FF85" masterDocTitle="Re-elevation to species level and redescription of Serranochromis jallae and Serranochromis robustus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="126" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1698851479360" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="A703AFBC5B1FA4DEA6860B02B854FB2E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="D793D5D4895E315C6D08218E8E75E332">Re-elevation to species level and redescription of Serranochromis jallae and Serranochromis robustus (Teleostei: Cichlidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BE6F13E8B4988F5D33A10534A25A379C">Stauffer, Jay R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="98AC900DE60D73CC48371870066AF450">Penn State University, 432 Forest Resources Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. Honorary Research Associate, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 6140, RSA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="619B8EAA8B819AF3721DFE616CCFC8F2">Bills, Roger</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="78C634EDD09CD4B460FE18BD7662DE50" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6034-4196</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B1A55349D4C52E7A347769EE192AF742">South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, RSA. &amp; R. Bills @ saiab. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6034 - 4196</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2ADBDE802B1F287AA2F425C06DCA46B3" type="email">ills@saiab.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C2D0E986B9D315C3ED87BB08F688EB35" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="71F1DE91DCDB4DACE7D02B5F8667275A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="13C9C195E5D9AF697C104C6EBA1D41D0">Skelton, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="AAF0322A6B1DA9CF8F1F7E470AD3BB3E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9587-2802</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="40A7AA6DB6599EBD2BF7A31940B9DF57">South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, RSA. &amp; p. skelton @ saiab. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9587 - 2802</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="96F3290EF1DA99EC2F720E33C796ECCD" type="email">p.skelton@saiab.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="41FA10D5A93FEA19A607A4EEC78AB263">Weyl, Olaf L. F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="25B24E0167AA5BC9640D27644F82C87C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-8935-3296</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="551CB92A607B5AC98096346B56AE8DC9">South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Makhanda, 6140, RSA. &amp; o. weyl @ saiab. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8935 - 3296</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BFE843DAD00E5BA0B25AAE6A50A65830" type="email">o.weyl@saiab.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A667043369DADB4260D871A251F02298">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6B6D10FB369F8BED5309A29F72D59269">
<mods:date id="826A21D32D49F620C2E5B0514FF52181">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="672E7B9DC7A8EFFFA0FBB77946916709">2020-09-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C16B9564F86C8476347F04368B9D7502">4858</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A86987FEFFFB203EFF5818D1FAC2FE70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4501284" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177209775" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4501284" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A86987FEFFFB203EFF5818D1FAC2FE70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A86987FEFFFB203EFF5818D1FAC2FE70" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<subSubSection id="68DA6563FFFB203CFF5818D1FDDCFC2C" box="[151,620,910,937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF5818D1FDDCFC2C" blockId="4.[151,620,910,937]" box="[151,620,910,937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<heading id="7B378184FFFB203CFF5818D1FDDCFC2C" bold="true" box="[151,620,910,937]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFF5818D1FDDCFC2C" ID-CoL="4WWV6" authority="(Boulenger 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,620,910,937]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFF5818D1FDDCFC2C" bold="true" box="[151,620,910,937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFF5818D1FE29FC2C" bold="true" box="[151,409,910,937]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Serranochromis jallae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFE6618D0FDD3FC2C" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[425,611,911,937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref4295" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Liste des poisons recueillis par le R. P. Louis Jalla a Kazungula, Haut Zambese. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia, 11 (260), 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1896">Boulenger 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68DA6563FFFB203CFF58188CFD55FB00" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF58188CFDA8FC6E" blockId="4.[151,850,979,1157]" box="[151,536,979,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFF58188CFDA8FC6E" ID-CoL="3KMJ4" authority="Boulenger (1896)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,536,979,1003]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Hemichromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFF58188CFEEFFC6E" box="[151,351,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Hemichromis jallae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFEAA188CFDA8FC6E" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[357,536,979,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref4295" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Liste des poisons recueillis par le R. P. Louis Jalla a Kazungula, Haut Zambese. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia, 11 (260), 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1896">Boulenger (1896)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF5818ADFD77FB8F" blockId="4.[151,850,979,1157]" box="[151,711,1010,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFF5818ADFD77FB8F" ID-CoL="4DFW2" authority=": Gilchrist &amp; Thompson (1917)" authorityName="Gilchrist &amp; Thompson" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,711,1010,1034]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paratilapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zambesensis">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFF5818ADFE28FB8F" box="[151,408,1010,1034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Paratilapia zambesensis:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFE5118ADFD77FB8F" author="Gilchrist, J. D. F. &amp; Thompson, W. W." box="[414,711,1010,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="251 - 293" refId="ref4473" refString="Gilchrist, J. D. F. &amp; Thompson, W. W. (1917) The freshwater fishes of South Africa (continued). Annuals of the South African Museum, 16, 251 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 5074" type="journal article" year="1917">Gilchrist &amp;Thompson (1917)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF581F4EFD52FBAC" blockId="4.[151,850,979,1157]" box="[151,738,1041,1065]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFF581F4EFD52FBAC" ID-CoL="76CWT" authority="Gilchrist &amp; Thompson (1917)" authorityName="Gilchrist &amp; Thompson" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,738,1041,1065]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pelmatochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ngamensis">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFF581F4EFE1EFBAD" box="[151,430,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Pelmatochromis ngamensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFE7B1F4EFD52FBAC" author="Gilchrist, J. D. F. &amp; Thompson, W. W." box="[436,738,1041,1065]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="251 - 293" refId="ref4473" refString="Gilchrist, J. D. F. &amp; Thompson, W. W. (1917) The freshwater fishes of South Africa (continued). Annuals of the South African Museum, 16, 251 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 5074" type="journal article" year="1917">Gilchrist &amp; Thompson (1917)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF581F70FCE2FBC2" blockId="4.[151,850,979,1157]" box="[151,850,1071,1095]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFF581F70FD91FBC2" ID-CoL="4WWVN" authority=": Jubb (1961)" authorityName=": Jubb" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,545,1071,1095]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFF581F70FE2FFBC2" box="[151,415,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Serranochromis robustus:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFE6A1F70FD91FBC2" author="Jubb, R. A." box="[421,545,1071,1095]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" refId="ref4766" refString="Jubb, R. A. (1961) An illustrated guide to the freshwater fishes of the Zambezi river, Lake Kariba, Pungwe, Sabi, Lundi, and Limpopo rivers. Stuart Manning, Bulawayo, 170 pp." type="book" year="1961">Jubb (1961)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFDE41F70FD78FBC2" author="Jackson, P. B. N." box="[555,712,1071,1095]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="535 - 561" refId="ref4649" refString="Jackson, P. B. N. (1961) Check list of the fishes of Nyassaland. Occasional Papers of the Natural Museum of Southern Rhodesia, Natural Sciences, 3, 535 - 561." type="journal article" year="1961">Jackson (1961)</bibRefCitation>
, Jubb (1967),
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF581F11FD3EFBE3" blockId="4.[151,850,979,1157]" box="[151,654,1102,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFF581F11FD3EFBE3" ID-CoL="4WWV6" authority=": Trewavas (1964)" authorityName=": Trewavas" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,654,1102,1126]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="robustus" subSpecies="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFF581F11FE66FBE3" box="[151,470,1102,1126]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Serranochromis robustus jallae</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFE2C1F10FD3EFBE3" author="Trewavas, E." box="[483,654,1102,1126]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref5365" refString="Trewavas, E. (1964) A revision of the genus Serranochromis Regan (Pisces, Cichlidae). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Annales, Series in- 8 º, Sciences Zoologique, 125, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1964">Trewavas (1964)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF581F32FD55FB00" blockId="4.[151,850,979,1157]" box="[151,741,1133,1157]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
Misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFE8E1F32FD55FB00" authority=": Boulenger (1911)" authorityName=": Boulenger" authorityYear="1911" box="[321,741,1133,1157]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Paratilapia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thumbergi">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFE8E1F32FD9DFB00" box="[321,557,1133,1157]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Paratilapia thumbergi:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFDFC1F32FD55FB00" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[563,741,1133,1157]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="399 - 418" refId="ref4378" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1911) On a collection of fishes from the Lake Ngami basin, Bechuanaland Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 18, 399 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1907. tb 07828. x" type="journal article" year="1911">Boulenger (1911)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68DA6563FFFB203CFF581FECFD01FB77" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="description">
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF581FECFB4CFB4B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1203,2022]" box="[151,1276,1203,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<materialsCitation id="90A83CB5FFFB203CFF581FECFB48FB4B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029720303" box="[151,1272,1203,1230]" location="Zambezi River" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zambezi" typeStatus="holotype">
The
<typeStatus id="FF7B884AFFFB203CFF051FECFE9CFB48" box="[202,300,1203,1229]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is an
<quantity id="E7389B0DFFFB203CFEA11FECFE62FB4B" box="[366,466,1203,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.03" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="80.3">80.3 mm</quantity>
SL specimen collected from the upper
<collectingRegion id="E204F80AFFFB203CFC461FECFB80FB48" box="[905,1072,1203,1229]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Zambezi River</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFBF01FECFB40FB4B" author="Trewavas, E." box="[1087,1264,1203,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref5365" refString="Trewavas, E. (1964) A revision of the genus Serranochromis Regan (Pisces, Cichlidae). Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Annales, Series in- 8 º, Sciences Zoologique, 125, 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1964">Trewavas 1964</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF081F88FD01FB77" blockId="4.[151,1437,1203,2022]" box="[199,689,1239,1266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Nembwe is the widely used common name.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68DA6563FFFB203CFF081FA4FD66FAD8" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF081FA4FD66FAD8" blockId="4.[151,1437,1203,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFF081FA4FE03FA90" bold="true" box="[199,435,1275,1301]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Material examined.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFE721FA4FCAFFA90" authority=": SAIAB" authorityName="SAIAB" box="[445,799,1275,1302]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFE721FA4FD0AFA90" box="[445,698,1275,1301]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Serranochromis jallae</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="90A83CB5FFFB203CFD041FA4FCAFFA90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029720304" box="[715,799,1275,1301]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="Zambia" latitude="-12.243055" location="Kataba River" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="25.57389" municipality="Mwombezhi River" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" specimenCode="SAIAB 71287, SAIAB 7343" specimenCount="1">SAIAB</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
72820, 6, 111.3–
<quantity id="E7389B0DFFFB203CFC251FA4FBEEFA93" box="[1002,1118,1275,1302]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.444" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="144.4">144.4 mm</quantity>
SL,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="45F4502FFFFB203CFA871FA4FF6AFABF" degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" precision="15" seconds="12" value="23.27">23° 16’ 12” E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingCountry id="58D77678FFFB203CFF281E40FEF0FABC" box="[231,320,1311,1337]" name="Zambia" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Zambia</collectingCountry>
;
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,
<geoCoordinate id="45F4502FFFFB203CFE321E40FD7BFABC" box="[509,715,1311,1338]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" precision="1" seconds="1.9194" value="-15.5672">15° 34’ 1.9194” S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="45F4502FFFFB203CFD171E40FC28FABF" box="[728,920,1311,1338]" degrees="23" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" precision="1" seconds="59.88" value="23.2833">23° 16’ 59.88” E</geoCoordinate>
,
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, Kataba;
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,
<geoCoordinate id="45F4502FFFFB203CFA851E40FEBAFAD8" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" precision="1" seconds="34.998" value="-12.243055">12° 14’ 34.998” S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="45F4502FFFFB203CFED91E1CFE40FADB" box="[278,496,1347,1374]" degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" precision="1" seconds="26.0004" value="25.57389">25° 34’ 26.0004” E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="C01BAC92FFFB203CFE331E1CFD62FAD8" box="[508,722,1347,1373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Mwombezhi River</collectingMunicipality>
;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68DA6563FFFB203CFF081E38FD28F9B3" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF081E38FD28F9B3" blockId="4.[151,1437,1203,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFF081E38FEF2FA04" bold="true" box="[199,322,1383,1409]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The presence of four or five scale rows between the posterior margin of the orbit and the ascending arm of the preoperculum, the presence of widely set unicuspid teeth on the jaws, widely separated gill rakers, and anal fins with egg ocelli places this species in
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFD691EF0FCE9FA4C" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1920" box="[678,857,1455,1481]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFD691EF0FCE9FA4C" box="[678,857,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Serranochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Breeding males of
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFB8F1EF0FB2EFA4C" box="[1088,1182,1455,1481]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFB8F1EF0FB2EFA4C" box="[1088,1182,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">S. jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess ocelli that are restricted to the posterior 4–5 membranes of the anal fin, which delimits them from all other
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFB621E8CFAD0FA68" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1920" box="[1197,1376,1491,1517]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFB621E8CFAD0FA68" box="[1197,1376,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Serranochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., which have ocelli throughout the anal fin in breeding males, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFB871EA8FB75F994" authorityName=": Jubb" authorityYear="1961" box="[1096,1221,1527,1553]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFB871EA8FB75F994" box="[1096,1221,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">S. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See above for the distinctions between
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFE4B1D44FE50F9B0" box="[388,480,1563,1589]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFE4B1D44FE50F9B0" box="[388,480,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">S. jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFDD91D44FD21F9B0" authorityName=": Jubb" authorityYear="1961" box="[534,657,1563,1589]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFDD91D44FD21F9B0" box="[534,657,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">S. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68DA6563FFFB203CFF081D60FC5EF8B7" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="description">
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203CFF081D60FC5EF8B7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1203,2022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFF081D60FEE9F9DC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1599,1625]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Description.</emphasis>
Large robust
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFE371D60FD1BF9DC" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1920" box="[504,683,1599,1625]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFE371D60FD1BF9DC" box="[504,683,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Serranochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with general body shape as in
<figureCitation id="B8FB2A6DFFFB203CFBC11D60FBE2F9DC" box="[1038,1106,1599,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1626,1650]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,367,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-114@5.[151,1436,345,1603]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adult males of Serranochromis jallae in breeding color (Okavango top; Upper Zambezi bottom). The anal fin in the top photo somewhat obscured by a shadow. Photos by Denis Tweddle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411665/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
. Principal morphometric and meristic data in
<tableCitation id="6D420353FFFB203CFE811D3CFE12F9F8" box="[334,418,1635,1661]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,152,176]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic values of Serranochromis robustus (n = 8) and Serranochromis jallae (n = 9)." pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Table 1</tableCitation>
and documented above. Head elongate (35.8–39.7 % SL). Cheek depth 23.1–33.2 % HL. Snout elongate (33.9–38.6% HL) and posterior end of lower jaw anterior to anterior margin of orbit. Two to three pored scales posterior to hypural plate, and 7–9 rows of scales on cheek. Outer arch of epibranchial with 4 gill rakers; outer arch of ceratobranchial with 11–12. Teeth in 2 series on upper and lower jaws. Pectoral fin immediately posterior to posterior margin of opercle and directly under origin of dorsal fin. Pelvic fin posterior to origin of dorsal fin. Caudal fin rounded. Colour described above in diagnoses of
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFCA31C48FC57F8B4" authorityName=": Jubb" authorityYear="1961" box="[876,999,1815,1841]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFCA31C48FC57F8B4" box="[876,999,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">S. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68DA6563FFFB203EFF081C64FAC2FE70" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFB203DFF081C64FC26FEC4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1203,2022]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,150,321]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFF081C64FE40F8D0" bold="true" box="[199,496,1851,1877]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFB203CFE391C64FD40F8D0" box="[502,752,1851,1877]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFB203CFE391C64FD40F8D0" box="[502,752,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Serranochromis jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is native to the Okavango, upper Zambezi, Kafue,
<collectingRegion id="E204F80AFFFB203CFAE81C64FADAF8D0" box="[1319,1386,1851,1877]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Kasai-Oriental" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Kasai</collectingRegion>
, and Zambian
<collectingCountry id="58D77678FFFB203CFECD1C00FEFDF8FC" box="[258,333,1887,1913]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Congo</collectingCountry>
systems; has been introduced to Lake Kariba, and elsewhere in
<collectingCountry id="58D77678FFFB203CFBEE1C00FB29F8FC" box="[1057,1177,1887,1913]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="4" pageNumber="130">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFB671C00FAA9F8FC" author="Poll, M." box="[1192,1305,1887,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 381" refId="ref4952" refString="Poll, M. (1967) Contribution a la faune ichthyologique de l'Angola. Museu do Dundo, Publicacoes Culturais, 75, 1 - 381." type="journal article" year="1967">Poll 1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFAEB1C00FEE9F818" author="Bell-Cross, G. &amp; Minshull, J. L." pageId="4" pageNumber="130" refId="ref4261" refString="Bell-Cross, G. &amp; Minshull, J. L. (1988) The Fishes of Zimbabwe. Trustees of the National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe, Harare, 294 pp." type="book" year="1988">Bell-Cross &amp; Minshull 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFEAC1CDCFE4AF818" author="Skelton, P. H." box="[355,506,1923,1949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" refId="ref5084" refString="Skelton, P. H. (2001) Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 395 pp." type="book" year="2001">Skelton 2001</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFDCB1CDCFD19F818" author="Marshall, B." box="[516,681,1923,1949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" refId="ref4930" refString="Marshall, B. (2011) The Fishes of Zimbabwe and their Biology. Smithiana Monograph 3, 290 pp." type="book" year="2011">Marshall 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Juveniles occur mostly on the floodplain and in lagoons, but larger adults appear to prefer mainstream habitats and are associated with in-stream structures such as woody debris, macrophyte beds, reeds, and eroded clay cliffs on outside bends of the rivers (
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFB203CFC291C94FB19F860" author="Winemiller, K. O." box="[998,1193,1995,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="130" pagination="617 - 639" refId="ref5409" refString="Winemiller, K. O. (1991) Comparative ecology of Serranochromis species (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in the Upper Zambezi River floodplain. Journal of Fish Biology, 39, 617 - 639. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1991. tb 04393. x" type="journal article" year="1991">Winemiller 1991</bibRefCitation>
, Tweddle pers.com.). A movement study of
<specimenCount id="36C6FD61FFFA203DFE5D1BC9FE5DFF34" box="[402,493,150,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" type="adult">15 adult</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="E7389B0DFFFA203DFE331BC8FDDDFF34" box="[508,621,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="cm" value="40.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="32.0">32–49 cm</quantity>
TL)
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFA203DFD681BC8FCB4FF34" box="[679,772,151,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFD681BC8FCB4FF34" box="[679,772,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">S. jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the upper Zambezi River demonstrated that the fish occupied relatively small home ranges, with individual fish utilizing a mean river stretch of
<quantity id="E7389B0DFFFA203DFB441BE4FB51FF50" box="[1163,1249,187,213]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="m" value="1330.0">1330 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFA203DFB3F1BE4FF64FF7C" author="Thorstad, E. B. &amp; Hay, C. J. &amp; Naesje, T. F. &amp; Chanda, B. &amp; Okland, F." pageId="5" pageNumber="131" pagination="253 - 259" refId="ref5246" refString="Thorstad, E. B., Hay, C. J., Naesje, T. F., Chanda, B. &amp; Okland, F. (2005) Movements and habitat utilization of nembwe, Serranochromis robustus (Gunther, 1864), in the Upper Zambezi River. African Zoology, 40, 253 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15627020.2005.11407324" type="journal article" year="2005">
Thorstad
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFA921BE4FA26FF50" box="[1373,1430,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). During low water levels, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFA203DFD6D1B80FD4EFF7C" box="[674,766,223,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFD6D1B80FD4EFF7C" box="[674,766,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">S. jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were recorded in a variety of habitats in the mainstream of the river, but many moved onto adjacent temporary flooded areas during rising and high water; but did not undertake long-distance migrations onto the floodplains (
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFA203DFD6D1A78FC3BFEC4" author="Thorstad, E. B. &amp; Hay, C. J. &amp; Naesje, T. F. &amp; Chanda, B. &amp; Okland, F." box="[674,907,294,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" pagination="253 - 259" refId="ref5246" refString="Thorstad, E. B., Hay, C. J., Naesje, T. F., Chanda, B. &amp; Okland, F. (2005) Movements and habitat utilization of nembwe, Serranochromis robustus (Gunther, 1864), in the Upper Zambezi River. African Zoology, 40, 253 - 259. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15627020.2005.11407324" type="journal article" year="2005">
Thorstad
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFCC01A78FCF7FEC4" box="[783,839,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="74BF6660FFFA203DFF581D05FC36F912" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411665" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411665/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" startId="5.[151,250,1626,1650]" targetBox="[151,1436,367,1603]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFA203DFF581D05FC36F912" blockId="5.[151,1436,1626,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFF581D05FEA4F9F6" bold="true" box="[151,276,1626,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Adult males of
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFA203DFE751D04FD2DF9F6" box="[442,669,1627,1651]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFE751D04FD2DF9F6" box="[442,669,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Serranochromis jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in breeding color (Okavango top; Upper Zambezi bottom). The anal fin in the top photo somewhat obscured by a shadow. Photos by Denis Tweddle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFFA203EFF081D9AFDDEFF50" blockId="5.[151,1437,1733,2011]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFF081D9AFEE9F95A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1733,1759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Life history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFA203DFEAE1D9AFDECF95A" box="[353,604,1733,1759]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFEAE1D9AFDECF95A" box="[353,604,1733,1759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Serranochromis jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
attains weights more than
<quantity id="E7389B0DFFFA203DFC421D9AFC0FF95A" box="[909,959,1733,1759]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="kg" value="4.0">4 kg</quantity>
(D. Tweddle, pers. comm.) but such large individuals are rare. Reproduction and diet of
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFA203DFD561DB6FD44F886" box="[665,756,1769,1795]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFD561DB6FD44F886" box="[665,756,1769,1795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">S. jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the upper
<collectingRegion id="E204F80AFFFA203DFC491DB6FC58F886" box="[902,1000,1769,1795]" country="Namibia" name="Zambezi" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Zambezi</collectingRegion>
floodplain were described by
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFA203DFAF51DB6FEA2F8A2" author="Winemiller, K. O." pageId="5" pageNumber="131" pagination="617 - 639" refId="ref5409" refString="Winemiller, K. O. (1991) Comparative ecology of Serranochromis species (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in the Upper Zambezi River floodplain. Journal of Fish Biology, 39, 617 - 639. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1991. tb 04393. x" type="journal article" year="1991">Winemiller (1991)</bibRefCitation>
. This mouthbrooder breeds in summer based on examination of gonads;
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFA203DFB881C52FB14F8A2" box="[1095,1188,1805,1831]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFB881C52FB14F8A2" box="[1095,1188,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">S. jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males attained sexual maturity at
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SL and females at
<quantity id="E7389B0DFFFA203DFD5F1C6EFC96F8CE" box="[656,806,1841,1868]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.625" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="mm" value="262.5" valueMax="275.0" valueMin="250.0">250–275 mm</quantity>
SL. Based on age estimates from scale annuli, maturity of
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFA203DFF791C0AFEA2F8EA" box="[182,274,1877,1903]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFF791C0AFEA2F8EA" box="[182,274,1877,1903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">S. jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was at approximately 3 years in the Barotse floodplain and the average numbers of mature oocytes per female was 1165. Bowers are simple saucer-shaped depressions of ca.
<quantity id="E7389B0DFFFA203DFC691C26FC5AF816" box="[934,1002,1913,1939]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
diameter that are constructed on sandy substrates among vegetation (
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFFA203DFE2E1CC2FD06F83D" author="Van der Waal, B. C. W." box="[481,694,1949,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" pagination="101 - 144" refId="ref5465" refString="Van der Waal, B. C. W. (1985) Aspects of the Biology of larger fish species of Lake Liambezi, Caprivi SWA. Madoqua, 14 (2), 101 - 144." type="journal article" year="1985">van der Waal 1985</bibRefCitation>
). Analysis of stomach contents showed that interspecific diet overlap with other serranochromines was low among both immature and mature size classes of
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFFA203DFB531C9EFAFFF85E" authorityName="Regan" authorityYear="1920" box="[1180,1359,1985,2011]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFFA203DFB531C9EFAFFF85E" box="[1180,1359,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="131">Serranochromis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Adult size classes of
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFF9203EFEF31BC8FE27FF34" box="[316,407,151,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFF9203EFEF31BC8FE27FF34" box="[316,407,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="132">S. jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are primarily piscivorous with small catfishes (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFF9203EFC2E1BC8FBECFF34" authorityName="G.Cuvier" authorityYear="1816" box="[993,1116,151,177]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFF9203EFC2E1BC8FBECFF34" box="[993,1116,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="132">Synodontis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.) dominating the diet on the Barotse floodplain (
<bibRefCitation id="44514B19FFF9203EFE511BE4FDD2FF50" author="Winemiller, K. O." box="[414,610,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="132" pagination="617 - 639" refId="ref5409" refString="Winemiller, K. O. (1991) Comparative ecology of Serranochromis species (Teleostei: Cichlidae) in the Upper Zambezi River floodplain. Journal of Fish Biology, 39, 617 - 639. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.1991. tb 04393. x" type="journal article" year="1991">Winemiller 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="207F36E8FFF9203EFF081B80FAC2FE70" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFF9203EFF081B80FC03FF7C" bold="true" box="[199,947,222,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="132">
Further notes on distinction between
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFF9203EFD431B80FCBFFF7C" authorityName=": Jubb" authorityYear="1961" box="[652,783,222,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustus">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFF9203EFD431B80FCBFFF7C" bold="true" box="[652,783,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="132">S. robustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7C04D6BFFF9203EFC821B80FC1CFF7C" box="[845,940,222,249]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Serranochromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jallae">
<emphasis id="12B4EAFAFFF9203EFC821B80FC1CFF7C" bold="true" box="[845,940,222,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="132">S. jallae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
When overall shape differences in the two species were quantified, there was no overlap in the minimum polygon clusters, when the SPC2 (morphometric data) were plotted against the PC1 of the meristic data (
<figureCitation id="B8FB2A6DFFF9203EFCDC1A78FCE9FEC4" box="[787,857,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[177,1413,546,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-179@6.[151,1436,525,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Sheared second principal components (morphometric data) plotted against the first principal components of the meristic data for Serranochromis robustus (+) and Serranochromis jallae (x). The minimum polygon clusters are bounded by 95% confidence levels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411667/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="132">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Size accounted for 96% of the observed variance with second principal component 2.4%. Variables with the highest loadings on the SPC2 were caudal peduncle length (0.59), vertical eye diameter (0.37) and least caudal peduncle length (-0.38). The first principal component of the meristic data accounted for 43.7% of the total variance. Variables with the highest loadings on the first principal components were number of gill-rakers on the ceratobranchial (0.51), dorsal-fin rays (0.52), and lateral-line scales (0.45). Thus, morphological, color, and shape characteristics all support the recognition of two distinct species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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