247 lines
29 KiB
XML
247 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="86E03929CB7DCFCBDAFC4B0EE55B35FF" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.33597" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c81249cc-265d-41cd-809d-74da9f8324d6" ID-PMC="PMC6656982" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-860-67" ID-PubMed="31363344" ID-ZooBank="128BC1830A6A423488931CBD2D2AF962" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-860-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 860" ModsDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia – Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae" checkinTime="1562310429444" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth Anne" docDate="2019" docId="A79A5D4EF371F1281FCEADFF0FC99ECF" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 860: 67-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 860" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.33597" docTitle="Eugorgia daniana Verrill 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FC39FFCAFFF7185C9E0D0A1A2F0D8028" masterDocTitle="A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1701315585746" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="EC7060975974D5B106DFE081C6FC617C">A review of gorgonian coral species (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) held in the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History research collection: focus on species from Scleraxonia, Holaxonia, Calcaxonia - Part II: Species of Holaxonia, families Gorgoniidae and Plexauridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8651DE3E3861941352F7010BDBBE187C">Horvath, Elizabeth Anne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="93C15643422C70779EE2170227A20CF6">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="72C7953480CBD54853D7EC9EB908E2A1">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="166DA177516B509CCEFF416E1674ECA9">860</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="01E5C60985F1A3515AEBBA194CC41209">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A64DBEA5A962E6FAE0FE12114B9C11AD" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.860.33597</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A79A5D4EF371F1281FCEADFF0FC99ECF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158525364" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A79A5D4EF371F1281FCEADFF0FC99ECF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A79A5D4EF371F1281FCEADFF0FC99ECF" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection id="FF34DCCF7F546B3393BBFF7BEC16F30D" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2805CAF7441EFA6AD6B4913AB8D1DC3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="5B88DF13932BBFF18E0EF4CFDF368D8D" ID-CoL="853P2" authority="Verrill, 1868" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia daniana" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="daniana">Eugorgia daniana Verrill, 1868</taxonomicName>
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Figures 4, 5, 6, 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6E3098E06F5D8A8043C50977F9FB4D0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BD0C3E201B9F28959DDB5460BCF1BE90" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName id="404B1D4E56640AC275B4E01835C955DF" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia daniana" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="daniana">Eugorgia daniana</taxonomicName>
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Verrill, 1868a; 1868b [1869]: 409-410; pl V, fig. 14; pl VI, fig. 7.
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<bibRefCitation id="D4C843A969784E508D71A76DF1466E8C" author="Bielschowsky, E" journalOrPublisher="Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwuerde der Hohen Philisophischen Facultaet der Schlesischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitaet zu Breslau, Buchdruckerei H Fleischmann, Breslau" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" title="Eine Revision der Familie Gorgoniidae." year="1918">Bielschowsky 1918</bibRefCitation>
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: 45.
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<bibRefCitation id="59719ED12F57E7056AC516EC039A795D" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter & Company, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" title="Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, Vol. 47." year="1924">
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<normalizedToken id="9C5E9F4DA1BA3D92CF28350C499373B0" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
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1924
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 346.
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<bibRefCitation id="CE81039D082426D1B4BDD5D536422B31" author="Bielschowsky, E" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="63 - 234" title="Die Gorgonarien Westindien. 6. Die Familie Gorgoniidae, zugleich eine Revision." volume="16" year="1929">Bielschowsky 1929</bibRefCitation>
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: 181.
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<bibRefCitation id="2E1B1DE4888D1B2CD3D5C4FE2C20C355" author="Stiasny, G" journalOrPublisher=") A," pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 80" title="Alcyonides et gorgonides des collections du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (II). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (n. s." volume="3" year="1951">Stiasny 1951</bibRefCitation>
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: 65.
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<bibRefCitation id="BB89AF8D433AEF8C4C35880073DAD498" author="Prahl, H von" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="13 - 33" title="Octocorales (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae y Plexauridae) de aguas someras del Pacifico colombiano." url="https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/rbt/article/view/24352/0" volume="34" year="1986">Prahl et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 17.
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<bibRefCitation id="060DE8237D2F702C13291541D6F0D5A6" author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 46" title="A revision of the genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/11792" volume="2151" year="2009">Breedy et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 17-20.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8335098CEDE0083568959399E922B543" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="A9B6EAE3041CDC493D7336A571123368" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B5CB2A8068B0E27470510AB9832D0047" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Central America: Pearl Islands; Costa Rica, Gulf of Nicoya.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="80132011B7D0188568D7E17067DAE234" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type specimens">
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<paragraph id="0FFADFECAA4A39C4DB4ACFEEA5E5636E" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D2A0E0752774950DBD1DEFB9CA38C8CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Syntype series (
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<bibRefCitation id="9F4912B0F8E8E455B37C533BC5D45257" author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 46" title="A revision of the genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/11792" volume="2151" year="2009">Breedy et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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): MCZ 723 [dry]; MCZ 7080 [dry]; YPM 1551a-d and 1629a, b [dry]; YPM 5146 [dry].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F24B7EF418F6468F84E25EEBFB0906B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="0788B6C7D4EEBCF256B2F81652FD8A9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD64ACD33C16CCA7BFCD3A4CF46BC4E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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~10 lots (see Appendix 1: List of material examined). Was unable to examine the type specimens, but utilized descriptions and images noted in
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<bibRefCitation id="6945C40D947C25DEF937A47274AF50EE" author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 46" title="A revision of the genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/11792" volume="2151" year="2009">Breedy et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="069226F5CE78713BB5BBEE799C0EFF5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph id="693BB8013001A4B8698CF8B7164EE740" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5CC12C24B0BA80DC0AF885E9A885C7C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Collection lot examined, shown in Figures 4 (whole colony), 5 (branch magnified to show prominent polyps), 6 and 7 (sclerites, light microscopy and SEM, respectively), generally matches description given in
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<bibRefCitation id="D8C62084BFCD175E9513B0CFC531BBDF" author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 46" title="A revision of the genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/11792" volume="2151" year="2009">Breedy et al. (2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 17-20, 35). Color of branches tended generally to dark orangey-red, with coenenchyme base of polyp-mounds red, upper portion of polyp-mounds gold-orange; overall impression is that colony is basically red. Sclerites (Figure 6) either bright to deep red or yellow-green in color, mixed together. In some instances an individual sclerite can be bicolored (red at one end, other end yellow-green); sclerites as double discs, relatively large; inner wheels thin, with sharp edges, outer ones terminal, not half as large, also sharp-edged (Figure 7A) (see remarks below).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B4193C4B6C837C2CD56D4E75979A810B" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph id="7F53AF9F2AA201D04DC7AE1DDF6BD19B" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName id="6FEBA0BEAB93A23E32D167D0359D942C" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia danianae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="danianae">Eugorgia danianae</taxonomicName>
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, SBMNH 422897. Shows complex branching that creates wide, flat fan. Colony is 24 cm high
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<normalizedToken id="92E353879BFCB31E00A363493FBE103C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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25.5 cm broad at widest point.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="FD34F403A3150EF68EBB947B31D5B1F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph id="B0C72B65DC89D0765086DB375B4E1423" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Figure 5.
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<taxonomicName id="14C1F1EB57969339B32393E04D4A2FE8" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia danianae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="danianae">Eugorgia danianae</taxonomicName>
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, SBMNH 422897. Close-up of pinnate branching pattern.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="4232838B8F7F567DF882C18A63F09CF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph id="BE5C12ED33F9EAA004F34F551AD70F38" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Figure 6.
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<taxonomicName id="6F46927DE204B2B79378A1B1806E596F" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia danianae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="danianae">Eugorgia danianae</taxonomicName>
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, SBMNH 422897, light microscopy array, 10
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<normalizedToken id="A4BBB8BEAA98F59A395DBCBA588C1C9C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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magnification. Note jagged, sharp-edged, double discs and color variety. Sclerites will appear orangey-yellow collectively but individuals can be deep, bright red, yellow-green, or bicolored, with a maximum length up to ~100
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<normalizedToken id="2A268E2C0CEEB398B5227871F997FD1C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="043D07AB0471E49A9898EFF54A79EFCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<paragraph id="670B4123899A3DD0A5FBAB86B241F38B" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName id="8BD6167220B2B97B58021B1CC65EA3BA" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia danianae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="danianae">Eugorgia danianae</taxonomicName>
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, SBMNH 422897, SEM image. Representative sclerite of each form. A Double-disc B Coenenchymal sclerite C Anthocodial sclerite. Images here compare well with those shown in
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<bibRefCitation id="06B401C41C869692627AE228C5B126D8" author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 46" title="A revision of the genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/11792" volume="2151" year="2009">Breedy et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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(fig. 8).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="045B7DE37D0D2723948D361096A6947C" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="common name">
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<paragraph id="67EF78E54DFFA034660EF6B9FF83A537" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Common name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2483526CD711A25B6122C0FA021EE792" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Red gorgonian (
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<bibRefCitation id="00AC022CF448BE0EFBEB9ABA9573F5DB" author="Gotshall, DW" journalOrPublisher="Sea Challengers, Monterey" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" title="Sea of Cortez Marine Animals." year="1998">Gotshall 1998</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="317D3E4D40B26D69E6A7E63853A0DA06" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="DDFE27DCADEC525D4EC3FBF7E92F5E62" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B42A4E7241689A4260035C531E994C46" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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As recorded by
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<bibRefCitation id="F8711BF6F077A7C88CA1A9B49518D993" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13465394" year="1868 a">Verrill (1868a</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="B8BBF986D41964576573DC6B8FB1C61D" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">1868b</bibRefCitation>
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[1869]) found in Panama and the Pearl Islands, 11-15 m (this according to FH Bradley); also seen in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica (JA McNiel). Other notations indicated that it could extend down to Peru (see
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<bibRefCitation id="0BF5BE822D8ED9C50B1B612E6190EA02" author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 46" title="A revision of the genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/11792" volume="2151" year="2009">Breedy et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: table 4 for full, known distributional range). Based on one specimen, USNM, 57302, taken in Escondido Bay, near San Diego County, San Diego, California, the overall range would extend from San Diego, California (at least), through Central America, possibly down to South America. Assuming
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<taxonomicName id="871E3ABBF4AEF57A8135133D5A9C35D4" lsidName="E. daniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="daniana">E. daniana</taxonomicName>
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is a distinct species, it is then present in Central and Lower Gulf of California, living in the same area with
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<taxonomicName id="95A9999F3FD93691462AF2501AC1BAC5" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia aurantiaca" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">Eugorgia aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
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Horn, 1860. Thus, southern-most end of the California Bight may be the northern-most limit (and as a separate species,
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<taxonomicName id="BA35449F88D1CF5E3DC946D1235A8245" lsidName="E. daniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="daniana">E. daniana</taxonomicName>
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extends just a bit further north and further south than
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<taxonomicName id="00F24FF8761FFB7D732FC514F377E546" lsidName="E. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">E. aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2F0FD304BE7E14AC060A45E58B0F9535" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="9B344C2C188B3EFC061955E01EA8CC07" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D70D54CA319380348E9C0182070A1775" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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Generally found on offshore reefs and islands; prefers clean, plankton-rich waters and generally found at depths to ~30 m (
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<bibRefCitation id="F3985D8AB17BF869DCB4FD97834268AA" author="Gotshall, DW" journalOrPublisher="Sea Challengers, Monterey" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" title="Sea of Cortez Marine Animals." year="1998">Gotshall 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="EED70DADBC4B0A760599EEB45CC27D9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="77ACC39B778397BC2D08423E277D4A5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8928A29BDB3DF74D7FB895110249A65E" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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While description generally matches that given in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C668BEB04810497AFADE58D47084FE8A" author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 46" title="A revision of the genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae)." url="https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/11792" volume="2151" year="2009">Breedy et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, I would make the following caveats: first, the colony color as described by Verrill was as a bright yellow, streaked and blotched with dark red on both branches and polyps. The color seen in specimens here lies somewhat intermediate to that described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BFF237999AB408C349A5A8E225F70D47" author="Olvera, U" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="523 - 538" title="Two new endemic species of Gorgoniidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia) from Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.4.2" volume="4442" year="2018">Olvera et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B9353F4B66FF92D41B57FEADE0AD962" lsidName="E. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">E. aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="046168DE9F4EC10316A82A798044799A" lsidName="E. daniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="daniana">E. daniana</taxonomicName>
|
||
; overall, dark orange-red. Divers have anecdotally described the living colony as having slender red branches, with white (colorless) polyps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F13B4B967ADE7B99BD9ADAFC5F72F383" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
For
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17AA3B4EB5351C093EE74CC83B916161" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Verrill (1868b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[1869]: 411), "In the mode of branching, the size and structure of the branchlets, and color (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4F2FA2D113E59214107CBD6C1FD774D" lsidName="E. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">E. aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
) closely resembles (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D1752BACF50064B68B75CA3C855E110" lsidName="E. daniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="daniana">E. daniana</taxonomicName>
|
||
)," which he separated primarily on the basis of the very different size and form of the sclerites, especially of the double discs; for Verrill, these were the defining feature in designating this species as distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2DA0629D7F03EE56EA7D38B816EEA255" lsidName="E. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">E. aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In my examinations, the larger,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B1E642BE822469536A081B94CDC1412F" originalValue="“sharp”">"sharp"</normalizedToken>
|
||
double discs were always present (distinctive of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA5FFC2BC17C8F855BE4FDA121AD0FEE" lsidName="E. daniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="daniana">E. daniana</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, in a few specimens used for comparison, labeled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05465D62BEC336ED939CAAF81923637E" lsidName="E. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">E. aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the presence of sharper double discs was noted (misidentified specimens?); this condition was contrary to the generally slightly smaller size of the double discs that are commonly seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AD8603837C454C49EBC77F5DBBA1265" lsidName="E. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">E. aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where discs are described as being generally rounded, inner and outer discs very close together. In subsequent comparisons, the polyps were not always so densely packed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C834575206E0F821C548FF6CF79F7F0" lsidName="E. daniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="daniana">E. daniana</taxonomicName>
|
||
as was seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CBDED51074FE80BCE27BD112B7711DD1" lsidName="E. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">E. aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(no overlapping of polyps). With regards to branching pattern, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79C3CF083D6546C70FACE7ADD7CF2DD1" lsidName="E. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">E. aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
often had a far more distinctive (and decidedly symmetrical) pattern of pinnate branching, with majority of secondary branches (branchlets) of similar length, all generally lying in one plane as compared to that seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC56E7CFF1D9561DEB916212FB93D7D2" lsidName="E. daniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="daniana">E. daniana</taxonomicName>
|
||
. SBMNH specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEEFCB2BB38A358A3A3697132EE1B70B" lsidName="E. daniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="daniana">E. daniana</taxonomicName>
|
||
nearly always had their terminal-most, thin, slender branchlets curving out of one plane. Without molecular investigation, there is no clear, definitive confirmation that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7EE1E0A40C751016E4937AA441068190" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia aurantiaca" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">Eugorgia aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="082BCC72295E47BC1989BB8761168D15" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia daniana" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="daniana">Eugorgia daniana</taxonomicName>
|
||
are indeed separate species. There are many overlapping features, in terms of potential branch pattern, form, and size of sclerites, and general color. The differences could be accounted for as variation within one species. However, examination of numerous examples of both those identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="650EE7F2C0F573DB4A36C4EE682DF400" lsidName="E. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">E. aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="03832C9A1B12F676A4B67F2FA45DE5B5" lsidName="E. daniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="daniana">E. daniana</taxonomicName>
|
||
allowed for observation of the differences in the double discs that Verrill used to distinguish these two species (differences can be obvious). For now, it seems appropriate to recognize two separate species until further studies prove otherwise.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="53964C7AEB1C932CF042EA713737ED2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Of note is that WoRMS Data Base (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13C14FBD1B8E7ABE639D9147D48664EB" author="Cordeiro, R" journalOrPublisher="American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" url="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=267424" year="2018 b">Cordeiro et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) does list
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9A97AD052875738A10C365EAAA53CA7" lsidName="E. aurantiaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">E. aurantiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B5368FC4E840FD7F7F07804FDAF1A9F" lsidName="E. daniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="daniana">E. daniana</taxonomicName>
|
||
as separate species, but that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8ACB8D9C97138D9471002B604600EB2" lsidName="E. daniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="daniana">E. daniana</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been accepted as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="80590F6AED45A9D19983AA6ADDEFFC27" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia daniana" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="daniana">Leptogorgia daniana</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Very few species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DD94509F2F09B7ABB639E1E33557598" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Leptogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="291BDEE1F144D8B4F133C4D27569008C" lsidName="L. ramulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="ramulus">L. ramulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Milne Edwards & Haime, 1857, is one of few) display the shorter branch lengths seen consistently in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E22C1BE136978DF3EEE8C0B35B0E1556" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Eugorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor the irregular and pinnate branching of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8643AFF7744DD6777E749AF5DAD1F3F9" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Eugorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are morphological characters; it is understood that this acceptance is based on the molecular work that was done by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AFEB7B6D83F6EB99D8B9882B17F916CA" author="Soler-Hurtado, MM" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution," pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="219 - 230" title="Molecular phylogenetic relationships reveal contrasting evolutionary patterns in Gorgoniidae (Octocorallia) in the Eastern Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.019" volume="111" year="2017">Soler-Hurtado et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Of note is the rationale for this genus change, with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7DED1507365CDF35C9BF9F1D0067BAF7" author="Soler-Hurtado, MM" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution," pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="219 - 230" title="Molecular phylogenetic relationships reveal contrasting evolutionary patterns in Gorgoniidae (Octocorallia) in the Eastern Pacific." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.03.019" volume="111" year="2017">Soler-Hurtado et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noting the 1999 ICZN Principle of Priority (Article 23). In the work of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B88F98E4875C4F525A1C022BB1BC75F" author="Olvera, U" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="523 - 538" title="Two new endemic species of Gorgoniidae (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia) from Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.4.2" volume="4442" year="2018">Olvera et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this species is listed as a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55C6D5EDB589B6D22779C9CFADBE1214" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Eugorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is not included in the list of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4FFDA38579189529E4C150F3CF323D2" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Leptogorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptogorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Leptogorgia</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that are discussed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |