156 lines
21 KiB
XML
156 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="36B9868673293EAF115A9C882719279E" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.30326" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7521dd07-c87e-46e4-b818-d9daf2741a93" ID-PMC="PMC6477872" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-836-15" ID-PubMed="31048958" ID-ZooBank="0A4087DD0AD44D9CB5DE0A38639153F4" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-836-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 836" ModsDocTitle="Revision of world Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera, Syrphidae)" checkinTime="1555318534122" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="M. Moran, Kevin & H. Skevington, Jeffrey" docDate="2019" docId="A7803E3E1547B9C143A8E9764411EAC8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 836: 15-79" docOrigin="ZooKeys 836" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.30326" docTitle="Sphecomyia brevicornis Osten Sacken 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="D90FFFB8FFEFFF9DFFEBFF9E8C38FFC3" masterDocTitle="Revision of world Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera, Syrphidae)" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1701315278375" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="79B151B405ED1BDA8B7DB71C217AE97E">Revision of world Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera, Syrphidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4989B270540302D6A783B4E332597F5F">M. Moran, Kevin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2426F1AC65200EB2E7E902EC61F42B54">H. Skevington, Jeffrey</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="87EA72986A051B2495F5C8B1D30A6C57">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D92907AB6B3BA4231CF27651383901F1">836</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="39641DDB982B9413C2EE0705C295F2BD" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.836.30326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A7803E3E1547B9C143A8E9764411EAC8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156200173" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A7803E3E1547B9C143A8E9764411EAC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7803E3E1547B9C143A8E9764411EAC8" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="CCE339081FD405374CFC5FB4D56D339B" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E29855E4DBC753F22C580BF1A54AE00A" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="BCFF5602E00D7CB103273FACA69C4A32" ID-CoL="6YY2X" authority="Osten Sacken, 1877" authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia brevicornis" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">Sphecomyia brevicornis Osten Sacken, 1877</taxonomicName>
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Figs 2B, 5B, 16A, 17A, 18A, 21G, H, 22A, 23
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AC93BAA863B6C258C19F1A59DFCC7B96" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3E816FA297086855D8BC0FF4E1D6053C" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="382BBB7439E8999BF6E9F30728E8F1CC" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia brevicornis" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">Sphecomyia brevicornis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="9E109A26C885EFC7FB307A0FDF3AED89" author="Osten Sacken, CR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories" pageId="43" pageNumber="58" pagination="189 - 354" title="Western Diptera: description of new genera and species of Diptera from the region west of the Mississippi and especially from California." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.57939" volume="3" year="1877">Osten Sacken 1877</bibRefCitation>
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: 341 -
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<bibRefCitation id="E4A166A7B24E224021129696578C679E" author="Roeder, Vv" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="96 - 97" title="Ueber die Zusammengehoerigkeit der beiden Arten der Gattung Sphecomyia Latreille." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31722769" volume="5" year="1879">
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<normalizedToken id="DFC26E6BC196DF7840CA129DC277000D" originalValue="Röder">Roeder</normalizedToken>
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1879
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 97;
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<bibRefCitation id="91C85419E24A4F6F9E7113D00698C353" author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="299 - 332" title="Contribution to a monograph of the North American Syrphidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.40965" volume="20" year="1882 b">Williston 1882b</bibRefCitation>
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: 328,
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<bibRefCitation id="2F0BC40EDA001C5138DBCFE7D3DB5FA1" author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.40963" year="1886">1886</bibRefCitation>
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: 258;
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<bibRefCitation id="CF9AB77F9F95D854E0530D5F8B73D7B8" author="Aldrich, JM" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections" pageId="39" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 678" title="A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1681" volume="46" year="1905">Aldrich 1905</bibRefCitation>
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: 404; Osburn 1907: 4, 1908: 11;
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<bibRefCitation id="379F1ED45EA6009D393A8B9429C023D7" author="Kertesz, K" journalOrPublisher="Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapest" pageId="42" pageNumber="57" title="Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. VII." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5147" year="1910">
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<normalizedToken id="862A15E25BB301BA3FE4F1B7D0F1E21C" originalValue="Kertész">Kertesz</normalizedToken>
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1910
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 348;
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<bibRefCitation id="BB12972934E75EAFCA510CEE8741DE07" author="Cole, FR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="40" pageNumber="55" pagination="197 - 344" title="An annotated list of the Diptera (flies) of Oregon." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.57901" volume="11" year="1921">Cole and Lovett 1921</bibRefCitation>
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: 293;
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<bibRefCitation id="BD13259EA3866379D7AEFBA7FDB86BB5" author="Shannon, RC" journalOrPublisher="Pan-Pacific Entomologist" pageId="44" pageNumber="59" pagination="43 - 44" title="North American Sphecomyia (Diptera, Syrphidae)." volume="2" year="1925">Shannon 1925</bibRefCitation>
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: 43;
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<bibRefCitation id="F8CCC1E05E539FCA33BF1E42DF970D3F" author="Hull, FM" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="42" pageNumber="57" pagination="257 - 408" title="The morphology and inter-relationship of the genera of syrphid flies, recent and fossil." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1949.tb00224.x" volume="26" year="1949">Hull 1949</bibRefCitation>
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: 264;
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<bibRefCitation id="FCCBC0C871A77B208F4A8C9DDAA81452" author="Stone, A" journalOrPublisher="Department of Agriculture Handbook, Washington, D. C." pageId="45" pageNumber="60" title="A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. U. S." year="1965">Stone et al. 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 612;
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<bibRefCitation id="81ED7027F81689E6117A56B09EFFC238" author="Weisman, KE" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="264 - 272" title="The male genitalia of the genus Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2708603" volume="76" year="1965">Weisman 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: 266,
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<bibRefCitation id="86C874ADD8DE240E40E48DE563318F0A" author="Weisman, KE" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="50 - 56" title="Distribution of the genus Sphecomyia Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2705798" volume="77" year="1966 a">1966a</bibRefCitation>
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: 51,
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<bibRefCitation id="5893BAFC48221D17869DA2211EC8DABD" author="Weisman, KE" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="46" pageNumber="61" pagination="189 - 199" title="Sphecomyia (Diptera: Syrphidae) a Taxonomic and Descriptive Analysis." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2705959" volume="77" year="1966 b">1966b</bibRefCitation>
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:193;
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<bibRefCitation id="F29E0CE001E1BE6AD448436494044921" author="Boyes, JW" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma (Berl)" pageId="40" pageNumber="55" pagination="417 - 455" title="Chromosomes of Syrphidae. III. Karyotypes of some species in the tribes Milesiini and Myoleptini." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286546" volume="22" year="1967">Boyes and van Brink 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 432,
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<bibRefCitation id="5D449B9D78B6652C3631391681D849B4" author="Boyes, JW" journalOrPublisher="Chromosoma (Berl)" pageId="40" pageNumber="55" pagination="207 - 216" title="Chromosomes of Syrphidae. V. Microchromosomes." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00285148" volume="31" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
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: 212; Cole and Schlinger 1969: 331;
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<bibRefCitation id="F5651076715A64625A69DFF697318C66" author="Telford, HS" journalOrPublisher="Melanderia" pageId="45" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 24" title="Records of flower flies (Syrphidae: Diptera) of Washington state." volume="22" year="1975">Telford 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 21. Type locality: Webber Lake, Sierra County, California. [MCZ]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C564F445C3EC0C8C55E23FA8007D643C" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="58A97F443BFAF9903095E8F0A87958D3" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia vespiformis" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vespiformis">Sphecomyia vespiformis</taxonomicName>
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of
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<bibRefCitation id="6B779729BE65DC1B508E9F0A1AB9B96F" author="Curran, CH" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="41" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 9" title="New American Syrphidae (Diptera), with notes." url="http://hdl.handle.net/2246/2990" volume="519" year="1932">Curran 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: 8, not
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<bibRefCitation id="BDCD682FD4F1BA569A2F25E20DC804B1" author="Gorski, SB" journalOrPublisher="Nicolai, Berlin" pageId="41" pageNumber="56" title="Analecta ad Entomographium provinviarum occidentali-meridionalium imperii Rossici." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12465" year="1852">Gorski 1852</bibRefCitation>
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. Misidentification.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B480FFAF674EFA0FAA45AF19AA5C5DB0" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B593E30C9F6504ABB0BB3E7426AFB7A1" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB086D554C49B79BDDF0FA428C5129F4" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
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Species most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="0E824427BC5E89746AF132AD17151CFC" lsidName="S. interrupta" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="interrupta">S. interrupta</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName id="F696E8F68C9AD502E3DFED4FE72BD993" lsidName="S. sexfasciata" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="sexfasciata">S. sexfasciata</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. but can be distinguished by the following characters: scutum with two pairs of pruinose vittae; cell c completely microtrichose; antenna possessing a 2:2:1 ratio of segments; frons bare; anepimeron not pruinose; anterior three-fourths of scutellum pruinose; medial facial vitta not interrupted by a spot of pruinosity.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4C154A5881241ED22C36FB8D340BDC3A" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="11286CF3CAE500ABCD0286765A7C9480" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0DE276604771C5D3E221EE555296384B" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Male. Body length: 11.0-16.0 mm. Wing length: 9.7-10.9 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with yellow pruinosity along posterior third; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle black pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular pile black; occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, with length of segments roughly in a 2:2:1 ratio.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FA099D8A0BEFE146BB65BEF955ECB13C" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Thorax. Matte black; postpronotum yellow pilose; scutum yellow pilose, except with black pile posteromedially; scutellum yellow pilose anteriorly and black pilose posteriorly; postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior three-fourths of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; anepimeron usually shiny, rarely with weak pruinosity; scutum with two pairs of pruinose vittae: anterior pair long, running from anterior edge of scutum to transverse suture; posterior pair shorter and terminating before posterior edge; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="97B0E89182A3C570B9D026A93D315F60" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Legs. Foreleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last three tarsomeres black; midleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last three tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow, except last two tarsomeres black; legs yellow pilose, except black pilose on last three tarsomeres; hind coxa yellow pruinose.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C85D537E17F6991CF0B96851D0BE397" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: broad anterior margin of cell cua.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="699F3D76B37F2980F7D17F8B0A31ACF6" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, truncate medial band which meets a broad, uninterrupted posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with broad medial band, sometimes very narrowly interrupted, that joins with broad posterior band in two places, creating a medial diamond-shaped spot of no pruinosity; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3; sternite 1 shiny; sternites 2 to 4 variable pruinose: ranging from almost completely pruinose, with a small region of non-pruinosity posteromedially to mostly pruinose, except with narrow anterior border and transverse subapical band shiny to dull black; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; pile of abdomen yellow.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0ADAC939ADCC60D67A6C9D445DCEC9FA" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Male genitalia. Surstylus elongated, about two and a half times as long as broad, apex acute, directed ventrally; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, increasing in length posteriorly; minute spines on ventral surface and apical three-fourths of lateral inner and outer surface; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed ventrally, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2B.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B6A97E334996627AF2307F0C1321BEAB" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="female">
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<paragraph id="A77B3EE6DBC3AD9270F8410E176C609F" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E79549C3235580DA3FACA5CFA519F9E1" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A880097187982D5906C70170032F33B8" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="7EEAC73D7F19C98167E6A78842098A5D" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AC1A10A6D85725B15153CCA9CE474A8A" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">U.S.A.: Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, and Montana. Canada: Alberta and British Columbia (Fig. 23). Extends south from southern British Columbia, as well as the southeastern corner of Alberta, through the coastal and mountainous areas of Washington state, through Oregon and into the Sierra Nevada and midcoastal regions of California. Also known from forested regions of northern Idaho and western Montana.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DDDFE115DD41231694980C83F31259F0" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="0E06E0B08A76CDF9891F05B1A4984B95" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6A51495C5341DC6AC3C1BC232BD38111" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
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Collected visiting flowers of
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<taxonomicName id="6DFA42D92B67724E2C72B3368C9159B3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Vaccinium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vaccinium" order="Ericales" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vaccinium</taxonomicName>
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L. sp.,
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<taxonomicName id="571C5F4F862DAF63630657A213FD2A39" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hydrophyllaceae" genus="Phacelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phacelia" order="Boraginales" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phacelia</taxonomicName>
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Juss. sp.,
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<taxonomicName id="8872E7E1C0E9476F22BAF21ACDD3D41F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ceanothus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ceanothus" order="Rosales" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceanothus</taxonomicName>
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L. sp. and
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<taxonomicName id="5E56CBC6AB7010059540A8822107D818" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Berberis aquifolium" order="Ranunculales" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquifolium">Berberis aquifolium</taxonomicName>
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Pursh. Recorded flying late April through late July, with one outlier in late August.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4385D3C94DA8FF4120BE7AC2FDB132A0" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="DB6C8AEB4E182C4E65F95D7A634CC1AF" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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<pageBreakToken id="68AD4D73D033776A54FD3A6DCB4729CE" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D0ED4768678146FD3C08A19BF7A620AD" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="0B93111842C0F5AEFFF393A478DE758A" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Sphecomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphecomyia brevicornis" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">Sphecomyia brevicornis</taxonomicName>
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shows intraspecific variation on sternites 2 to 4. Northern specimens (i.e. Washington, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana) possess larger non-pruinose, shiny areas on these sternites (Fig. 21G). On Californian specimens these sternites are more pruinose (Fig. 21H). In Oregon there are apparent intermediates of the two states. Californian specimens can be, but are not always, weakly pruinose on the anepimeron, as opposed to the shiny anepimeron found in most. No other morphological characters to distinguish between the two populations were found. Two barcodes for
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<taxonomicName id="CCB8F2E13BAAE9DF8C52F0E20656796E" lsidName="S. brevicornis" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="brevicornis">S. brevicornis</taxonomicName>
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were recovered. One from an Alberta specimen and one from a California specimen. The two were 1.3% different, however, neither barcode was complete with the Albertan one missing data at both ends of the sequence and the Californian one missing the middle B fragment. Additional and complete sequences of both the northern and southern morphotypes of
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<taxonomicName id="5449C80BB9F0C15FE7409264F17EAB0A" lsidName="S. brevicornis" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" rank="species" species="brevicornis">S. brevicornis</taxonomicName>
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are needed to determine whether a gradient exists or whether two discrete clusters are resolved.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |