275 lines
32 KiB
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275 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.539.6157" ID-GBIF-Dataset="675c8ae8-9767-4a3d-9d03-73f9464d088c" ID-PMC="PMC4714056" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-539-83" ID-PubMed="26798246" ID-ZBK="730CC9DE38D24D5A87B125A448647D68" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-539-83" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 539" ModsDocTitle="Leucothoekawesqari, a new amphipod from Bernardo O’Higgins National Park (Chile), with remarks on the genus in the Magellan Region (Crustacea, Peracarida)" checkinTime="1451243696618" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Esquete, Patricia & Aldea, Cristian" docDate="2015" docId="A6E666511271FF206E961C0852E26402" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 539: 83-95" docOrigin="ZooKeys 539" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.539.6157" docTitle="Leucothoe kawesqari Esquete & Aldea, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="B87DCE33-A922-4252-96AD-478362B416B1" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FFCCFFA05115FFF7FFC3FFDBFFE9FFAB" masterDocTitle="Leucothoekawesqari, a new amphipod from Bernardo O'Higgins National Park (Chile), with remarks on the genus in the Magellan Region (Crustacea, Peracarida)" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1668160994728" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Leucothoekawesqari, a new amphipod from Bernardo O'Higgins National Park (Chile), with remarks on the genus in the Magellan Region (Crustacea, Peracarida)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Esquete, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aldea, Cristian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>539</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>83</mods:start>
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<mods:end>95</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.539.6157</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.539.6157</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-539-83</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">730CC9DE38D24D5A87B125A448647D68</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">730CC9DE38D24D5A87B125A448647D68</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127873712" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B87DCE33-A922-4252-96AD-478362B416B1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6E666511271FF206E961C0852E26402" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Taxon classification Animalia Amphipoda Leucothoidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B87DCE33-A922-4252-96AD-478362B416B1" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="84">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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Holotype: female, 8 mm length, MNHNCL AMP-15038; Paratypes: female, dissected, 5 mm length, MNHNCL AMP-15039; 2 females, MNCN 20.04/10146, MNCN 20.04/10147; All,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-51.06797">51°04'04.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-74.141525">74°08'29.5"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 5-15 m depth, rocks, 27 January 2010. Other material examined: 8 females and neuters,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-51.06797">51°04'04.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-74.141525">74°08'29.5"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 5-15 m depth, rocks, 27 January 2010; 16 neuters,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-49.604637">49°36'16.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-75.39205">75°23'31.4"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 5-15 m depth, rocks with macroalgae, 19 March 2010, 1 female,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-49.19086">49°11'27.1"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-75.391884">75°23'30.8"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 5-15 m depth, rocks with macroalgae, 19 March 2010. All coll. R.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Barría">Barria</normalizedToken>
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, E. Newcombe, M.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hüne">Huene</normalizedToken>
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and T.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Césped">Cesped</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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Head anterior margin rounded, mid-cephalic keel quadrate but not prominent. Eyes present. Epimeral plates with no setae, epimeron 3 posterior margin excavate, postero-ventral corner blunt, with right angle. Coxae 1-3 not acutely produced, nor excavated, coxa 3 longer than broad, coxa 5 slightly bilobed. Antenna 1 main flagellum of 11-12 articles, accessory flagellum present, minute, of two unequal segments. Antenna 2 flagellum of 6 articles. Mandibular palp article 3 shorter than
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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of article 2. Ganthopod 1 propodus palm with minute serrations. Dactylus reaching 0.4 of propodus length. Gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin smooth, carpus smooth, without tooth or process, setose, reaching 0.3 of propodus length, propodus with short, blunt distal prolongation and three medial rows of setae. Pereopods 5-7 bases expanded, ovoid, posterior margin weakly crenulate. Telson apex irregularly truncated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" type="derivatio nominis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Derivatio nominis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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Named after the Alacalufe people
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Kawésqar">Kawesqar</normalizedToken>
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, whose ancestral territory extends through the Magellan Region, from the Gulf of Penas to the Strait of Magellan.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Body (Fig. 1A) length 5-8 mm.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Habitus B Antenna 1 C Antenna 2.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="84">Head (Fig. 1A) anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin rounded. Mid cephalic keel quadrate but not prominent, eyes present, rounded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="85" start="start">Antenna</pageBreakToken>
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1 (Fig. 1B) 0.4 times as long as body; peduncle article 1 2.3 times as long as broad; article 2 subequal in length, 4.3 times as long as broad; article 3 half as long as long article 2, 2.8 times as long as broad; accessory flagellum present, minute, about
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<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
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as long as main flagellum article 1, biarticulated, first article about three times as long as second; main flagellum of 11 articles, about as long as peduncle article 1, aesthetascs present, flagellum article 1 as long as articles 2-3 and half of 4 together.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="85">Antenna 2 (Fig. 1B) slightly shorter than antenna 1; peduncular article 5 0.8 times as long as article 4; flagellum of 6 articles.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="2" pageNumber="85">
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Mouthparts. Upper lip (Fig. 2A) asymmetrically lobate, anterior margin setose. Mandibles (Fig. 2B, C) lacking molars; mandibular palp (Fig. 2D) article 2 with 9 lateral and 3 distal setae, article 3 about 1/3 of article 2, with two unequal distal setae; incisor dentate, spine row of 12 serrate spines; left lacinia mobilis (Fig. 2B) large, distally as long as incisor; right lacinia mobilis (Fig. 2C) small, weakly dentate, Maxilla 1 (Fig. 2E) palp two-articulate, distal article with three distal spines; outer plate with four distal spines, three distal slender spines and three subdistal fine setae; inner plate with one distal small seta. Maxilla 2 (Fig. 2F) outer plate with three distal spines, outer margin subdistally setulose; inner plate with nine spines along inner margin. Maxil
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="86" start="start">liped</pageBreakToken>
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(Fig. 2G) inner plate distal margin with three setae, three short spines on inner corner and one slender spine on outer corner; palp articles 2-4 similar in length.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Upper lip B Left mandible C Right mandible D Mandibular palp E Maxilla 1 F Maxilla 2 G Maxilliped.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 3A) coxa naked, anterior margin 1.4 as long as posterior; basis anterior and posterior margins with sparse short setae; ischium naked; carpus linear, naked; propodus 3.6 times as long as broad, palm with minute serrations and row of 7 short setae; dactylus smooth, reaching 0.4 length of propodus.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Ganthopod 1 B Gnathopod 2.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="87" start="start">Gnathopod</pageBreakToken>
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2 (Fig. 3B) coxa subquadrate, naked; basis anterior margin with 4-5 setae, posterodistal corner with one seta; carpus reaching 0.3 of propodus length, curved, distally rounded, densely setose; propodus twice as long as broad, anterodistal margin with short, blunt prolongation bearing a tuft of setae, with three facial rows of setae, osp. n.rse and near palm, one mediofacial and reaching 2/3 the length of propodus, and one displaced dorsally, reaching from distal corner to 1/3 length of propodus, palm convex, slightly crenulated; dactylus smooth, reaching 0.6 length of propodus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Pereopod 3 (Fig. 4A) coxa longer than broad, distal margin rounded, naked; basis very narrow, naked; merus with anterodistal spine; propodus with a row of six ventral, short spines.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Pereopod 3 B Pereopod 4 C Pereopod 5 D Pereopod 6 E pereopod 7 F Uropod 1 G Uropod 2 H Uropod 3 I Telson.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Pereopod 4 (Fig. 4B) coxa naked, anterior margin longer than posterior, distal margin rounded and oblique, posterior margin tapered; propodus with a row of nine ventral, short spines; otherwise as pereopod 3.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Pereopod 5 (Fig. 4C) coxa naked, slightly bilobed; basis oval, 1.5 times as long as broad, anterior margin with spines, posterior margin weakly crenulated; merus anterior and posterior margins with spines, posterodistal corner lengthened; propodus anterior margin with a row of spinules.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Pereopod 6 (Fig. 4D) coxa bilobed; basis 1.4 times as long as broad; otherwise as pereopod 5.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Pereopod 7 (Fig. 4E) coxa shorter than broad, distal margin rounded; otherwise as pereopod 6.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Epimeral plates (Fig. 1A) naked; epimeron 2 posterior margin concave, posteroventral corner without cusp; epimeron 3 posterior margin excavate, postero-ventral corner blunt, with right angle.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Uropods. Uropod 1 (Fig. 4F) peduncle 0.7 times as long as outer ramus; outer ramus with 5 spines; rami with marginal spines, inner ramus slightly shorter than outer. Uropod 2 (Fig. 4G) somewhat shorter than uropod 1, peduncle 1.6 times as long as outer ramus, with spines on distal half of outer margin; rami with marginal spines, inner ramus slightly shorter. Uropod 3 (Fig. 4H) 1.1 times as long as uropod 1, peduncle 1.2 times as long as outer ramus; outer ramus with marginal spines; the shorter one 0.8 times as long as the longer one, naked.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Telson (Fig. 4I) 3.3 times as long as broad, distal tip minutely, irregularly truncate.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
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As mentioned above, the only described species of
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leucothoe</taxonomicName>
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found in the Magellan Region is
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe weddellensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weddellensis">Leucothoe weddellensis</taxonomicName>
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. Following
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<bibRefCitation author="Holman, H" journalOrPublisher="Antarctic Research Series" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" pagination="215 - 262" title="Amphipoda from the Southern Ocean: families Colomastigidae, Dexaminidae, Leucothoidae, Liljeborgiidae, and Sebidae. Biology of the Antarctic Seas. 13." url="10.1029/AR038p0215" volume="38" year="1983">Holman and Watling (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Krapp-Schickel, T" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 55" title="Revision of Leucothoe (Amphipoda, Crustacea) from the Southern Ocean: a cosmopolitanism concept is vanishing." url="10.5852/ejt.2014.80" volume="80" year="2014">Krapp-Schickel and De Broyer (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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divided the material of
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe weddellensis" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weddellensis">Leucothoe weddellensis</taxonomicName>
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in two groups, according to morphological differences, locations and size. The material from the Magellan Region (South of Tierra de Fuego) corresponds to the larger specimens (more than 14 mm long). From those,
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
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differs (besides the length) in that the former lacks accessory flagellum, has a distinctively more slender gnathopod 1 propodus, coxa 5 is markedly bilobed, peropods 5-7 basis are pear-shaped oval (while in
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
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are regularly oval) and more slender, the epimeron 1 is posteriorly serrate, the epimeron 2 has ventrodistal setae, and epimeron 3 as a posterodistal small prolongation. The smaller specimens differ in lacking accessory flagellum, having a
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="88" start="start">longer</pageBreakToken>
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mandibular palp article 3 (1/2 of the length of article 2), gnathopod 1 propodus anterior margin concave, gnathopod 2 basis more setose, pereopods 5-7 distinctly narrower, pereopods 5-6 with slightly concave hind margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe antarctica" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">Leucothoe antarctica</taxonomicName>
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Pfeffer, 1888 as redescribed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Krapp-Schickel, T" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 55" title="Revision of Leucothoe (Amphipoda, Crustacea) from the Southern Ocean: a cosmopolitanism concept is vanishing." url="10.5852/ejt.2014.80" volume="80" year="2014">Krapp-Schickel and De Broyer (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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: they share a mandibular palp article 3 1/3 length of article 2, coxa 3 longer than broad with rounded distal margin, and 5-7 basis oval, but
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe antarctica" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">Leucothoe antarctica</taxonomicName>
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lacks accessory flagellum, has a coxa 5 distinctively bilobed, maxilliped palp article 4 and 5 more slender, setae on gnathopod 2 ischium and merus, pereopod 6 basis strongly serrated, epimeron 2-3 with ventrodistal setae, uropods more spinose and telson with a pair of distal setae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
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Regarding other species from the Southern Ocean,
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe merletta" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merletta">Leucothoe merletta</taxonomicName>
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Krapp-Schickel & De Broyer, 2014 can be readily differentiated from
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
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because of having coxae 2 and 4 with acute anterodistal angles, having mandibular palp article 3 about as long as article 2, pereopods 5-7 basis with regularly rounded hind margin, epimeron 1 distal margin rounded and epimeron 3 with rectangular posterodistal corner.
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe campbelli" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campbelli">Leucothoe campbelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
Krapp-Schickel & De Broyer, 2014 has a longer mandibular palp article 3 (1/2 length of article 2), coxa 3 subtrapezoidal, gnathopod 1 propodus more robust, pereopods 5-7 basis posterior margin smoth and epimeral plate with posterodistally upturned corner.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe longimembris" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longimembris">Leucothoe longimembris</taxonomicName>
|
||
Krapp-Schickel & De Broyer, 2014 lacks eyes, no accessory flagellum, mandibular palp article 3 1/2 length of article 2, and basis of pereopods 5-7 slim, broadest proximally.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe macquariae" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macquariae">Leucothoe macquariae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Krapp-Schickel & De Broyer, 2014 lacks accessory flagellum, mandibular palp article 3 1/2 length of article 2, more robust gnathopods carpi, epimeron 3 distal posterior margin distal corner blunt and upturned, and telson tip acute.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe orkneyi" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orkneyi">Leucothoe orkneyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Holman & Watling, 1983 can be immediately differentiated in having a very slender gnathopod 1 propodus, and having a very prominent mid-cephalic keel, no accessory flagellum, a very slender, pereopods 5-7 basis margin strongly serrated, and epimera distal margins with setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe tolkieni" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolkieni">Leucothoe tolkieni</taxonomicName>
|
||
Vinogradov, 1990 is the only other species described from the Southeastern Pacific, although it was found well offshore. It differs from the species described here mainly in having the head anterior margin truncate with eyes that cover most of the head, gnathopod 1 basis anteroproximally expanded, and propodus curved, proximally inflated, gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate, spoon-like, pereopods 5-7 bases narrowly expanded and telson apex rounded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Although previous reports of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe spinicarpa" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinicarpa">Leucothoe spinicarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Magellan Region are probably wrong (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="De Broyer, C" editor="De Broyer, C" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 324" title="Catalogue of the Gammaridean and Corophiidean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of the Southern Ocean with distribution and ecological data." volume="77" volumeTitle="Census of Antarctic Marine Life: Synopsis of the Amphipoda of the Southern Ocean. Vol. 2" year="2007">De Broyer et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="White, KN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 113" title="A taxonomic review of the Leucothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda)." volume="3078" year="2011">White 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is worth mentioning the main differences with the present species. Based on the description provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crowe, SE" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" pagination="57 - 68" title="A redescription of Leucothoespinicarpa (Abildgaard, 1789) based on material from the north Atlantic (Amphipoda, Leucothoidae)." volume="1170" year="2006">Crowe (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe spinicarpa" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinicarpa">Leucothoe spinicarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a gnathopod 1 propodus ventral margin with more than 10 spines, coxa 5 markedly bilobed, gnathopod 2 carpus scarcely setose with a subdistal cusp, epimeron 1 with anterodistal tuft of setae, and telson apex bidentate with a pair of distal setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
|
||
was one of the dominant species of amphipod found in unvegetated hard substrates in the southernmost sampling site, where the amphi
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="89" start="start">pods</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Dexaminidae" genus="Polycheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polycheria antarctica" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">Polycheria antarctica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Stebbing, 1875) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Talitridae" genus="Orchestia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orchestia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orchestia</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., were also abundant. Towards the north of BONP,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in subtrates dominated by kelp forest of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Phaeophyceae" family="Laminariaceae" genus="Macrocystis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Chromista" lsidName="Macrocystis pyrifera" order="Laminariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="pyrifera">Macrocystis pyrifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, where
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Stegocephalidae" genus="Andaniopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Andaniopsis integripes" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integripes">Andaniopsis integripes</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1986) was dominant and it also co-occurred with the tanaid
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Tanaididae" genus="Zeuxoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zeuxoides troncosoi" order="Tanaidacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="troncosoi">Zeuxoides troncosoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Esquete & Bamber, 2012 and juveniles of the isopod family
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Janiridae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" rank="family">Janiridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. High abundances of other benthic taxa were found co-occurring with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the polychaetes
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Platynereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platynereis australis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="90" start="start">Platynereis</pageBreakToken>
|
||
australis
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Schmarda, 1861) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Nereididae" genus="Perinereis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Perinereis gualpensis" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="gualpensis">Perinereis gualpensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Jeldes, 1963, the bivalve
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Aulacomya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aulacomya atra" order="Mytilida" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="atra">Aulacomya atra</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Molina, 1782) the decapod
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Hymenosomatidae" genus="Halicarcinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halicarcinus planatus" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planatus">Halicarcinus planatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fabricius, 1775) and unidentified species of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Gammaridea" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="phylum">Echinodermata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Ophiuroidea" lsidName="Gammaridea" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="class">Ophiuroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Psolidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="family">Psolidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Gammaridea" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Porifera" rank="phylum">Porifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Ascidiacea" lsidName="Gammaridea" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="class">Ascidiacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leucothoe kawesqari" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kawesqari">Leucothoe kawesqari</taxonomicName>
|
||
were likely associated with or endocommensal associates of the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Gammaridea" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Porifera" rank="phylum">Porifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName above-genus="Ascidacea" genus="Ascidacea" lsidName="Ascidacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="above-genus">Ascidacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens withinin the sample, since the sampling method (scraping substrate) dislodges the samples and everything was sorted through at one time (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="White, KN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 113" title="A taxonomic review of the Leucothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda)." volume="3078" year="2011">White 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="White, KN" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="10" pageNumber="93" pagination="1 - 58" title="Commensal Leucothoidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) of the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Part II: sponge-dwellers." url="10.3897/zookeys.166.2313" volume="166" year="2012">White and Reimer 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |