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<document id="03E0DF82412A0AFA89307C4B098F8B2D" ID-CLB-Dataset="28894" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546" ID-GBIF-Dataset="629f2177-aa3f-47da-a3bd-076e5c35d5ec" ID-PMC="PMC6209763" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-791-1" ID-PubMed="30386152" ID-ZooBank="BB9D61A3752B4570A1AA8A790579177C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-791-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 791" ModsDocTitle="Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae)" checkinTime="1540260168337" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santodomingo, Nadiezhda &amp; Becking, Leontine E." docDate="2018" docId="A6CE80028F693DA231F456EFD7C289C7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 791: 1-46" docOrigin="ZooKeys 791" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546" docTitle="Cinachyrella porosa Lendenfeld 1888" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="1828B64DFFE8FFD7FFCDFFBCFFA1FFA2" masterDocTitle="Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1701380729858" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="13E61A876F23CE4C5AA677E147A90A09">Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="993E40F9B76E3C00CC9B9F03378A1BCB">Santodomingo, Nadiezhda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3002D679AE73EC99DE52FB9EDBD0A8A9">Becking, Leontine E.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="A6CE80028F693DA231F456EFD7C289C7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148891994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6CE80028F693DA231F456EFD7C289C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6CE80028F693DA231F456EFD7C289C7" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="B1BD7CD8B348B17CB62DE92FAEFA97ED" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1EB0A8E527CB987749C5F67109A3DB76" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="FDC57F9F8083C9E6BDCC4C5F7C1825FB" ID-CoL="VCQJ" authority="Lendenfeld, 1888" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1888" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">Cinachyrella porosa (Lendenfeld, 1888)</taxonomicName>
Figs 9, 10
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3578C0D3D5D9C986A7B05DA2B9223401" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4DC36F068DD54306A20BA1CF0D1ACA02" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="63DE33131B7C249FC1D64BD30B8C9803" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Spiretta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiretta porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">
<pageBreakToken id="ED5F0E14EB9C212CF668516419814DA0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Spiretta</pageBreakToken>
porosa
</taxonomicName>
Lendenfeld, 1888: 43 (type seen).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A292F0F6D4CF57E489F4EFFB3DEF968" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="16B13D9256EC19069099895EE9025910" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra malaccensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malaccensis">Cinachyra malaccensis</taxonomicName>
Sollas, 1902: 219, pl. XIV, fig. 2; pl. XV, fig. 5. Malacca Strait.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B78FEE9EE5C8720C75B0AB33619CECA" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="75680E67977C77CC5393C93357065B93" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">Tetilla porosa</taxonomicName>
; Lendenfeld, 1903: 22.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C7327FB856737DD8DDA5BE9C53E84A4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="C73C541B2F5A179BE8E7539E0216338D" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla anomala" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anomala">Tetilla anomala</taxonomicName>
Dendy, 1905: 91, pl. III, fig.5 (type seen).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C12D29E012AAFE188E52989C179BEB0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="A96DEBC9A8157D38A08D9C415EBC7EEB" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra albatridens" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albatridens">Cinachyra albatridens</taxonomicName>
Lendenfeld, 1907: 149, pl. XV, figs 7-9 (type seen).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94DBCD70EDA6D86E2B7B8F9FF563F723" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="97156B9F1FD0DE4A4D04E8B6BD3C4BE4" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra albaobtusa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albaobtusa">Cinachyra albaobtusa</taxonomicName>
Lendenfeld, 1907: 154, pl. XVI, figs 45-52 (type seen).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE25D08DA95E131A98134AA4133C5DF3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="FA71B61E2E84A8A03C920BD296D5483D" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra albabidens" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albabidens">Cinachyra albabidens</taxonomicName>
Lendenfeld, 1907: 151, pl. XVI, figs 39-44 (type seen).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD5600D3BA99B11109DA62B97235F810" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="7E1ECD550B38496E728560E21B033088" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tethya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethya clavigera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clavigera">Tethya clavigera</taxonomicName>
Hentschel, 1912: 327, pl. XVI, fig.1, pl. XVIII, fig. 10 In Aru Island, Beach Ngaiboor Trangan.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8721B32264A3AA557DF616E70BA4FEA9" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="9E54E626F14A348B207206ECFCBB7F66" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra anomala" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anomala">Cinachyra anomala</taxonomicName>
; Dendy, 1922: 20, pl. 1, fig. 3 (material seen).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70CB6F9B7D0794FC9CC30863B8507E69" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="7A2DBB86C5AB2BB55F765BF07FAE5CC3" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">Cinachyra porosa</taxonomicName>
; de Laubenfels, 1954: 240, pl. XI, fig. b (material seen).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="016734E080D7DC72E314A5C9ADA836BA" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E4E421B7FC1FC5D12972B828C589CD1A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B08427853ED582ABD2FF49449720DEEA" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Holotype NHMUK 1886.8.29.632-633, Port Denison, Australia (as
<taxonomicName id="4A03C1CC827426E158224B39EE789FE9" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Spiretta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiretta porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">Spiretta porosa</taxonomicName>
). NHMUK 1907.2.1.12, Chilaw, Sri Lanka (as
<taxonomicName id="8398B8657B413BA3EB2C4F759CDD339D" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla anomala" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anomala">Tetilla anomala</taxonomicName>
). NHMUK 1908.2.9.40-42, Diego Garcia, Chagos Archipelago (as
<taxonomicName id="5FE7A3B747E953A0414AEDB30610A2E0" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra albatridens" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albatridens">Cinachyra albatridens</taxonomicName>
). NHMUK 1908.9.24.72, Anachoreten (=Keniet) Islands, Papua New Guinea (as
<taxonomicName id="790D219C82671A2358A2AD010C59F67E" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra albaobtusa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albaobtusa">Cinachyra albaobtusa</taxonomicName>
). NHMUK 1908.9.24.71, Tonga Islands (as
<taxonomicName id="F5C6FECB9EB98472D57EC4D7EB70F8F2" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra albabidens" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albabidens">Cinachyra albabidens</taxonomicName>
). INDONESIA, East Kalimantan, Berau reef, RMNH.POR.11228 [LT628324]; Pea Bay, RMNH.POR.11242, RMNH.POR.11243, RMNH.POR.11244 [JX177888]; Bamban Lake, RMNH.POR.11222, RMNH.POR.11223, RMNH.POR.11224, RMNH.POR.11225 [LT628327], RMNH.POR.11226; RMNH.POR.11226; Bandong Lake, RMNH.POR.11227; Haji Buang Lake, RMNH.POR.11236, RMNH.POR.11237, RMNH.POR.11238, RMNH.POR.11239, RMNH.POR.11240 [LT628325], RMNH.POR.11230, RMNH.POR.11231, RMNH.POR.11232 [LT628326], RMNH.POR.11233, RMNH.POR.11234, RMNH.POR.11235, RMNH.POR. 3514; Kakaban Lake, RMNH.POR.11241. Java, Thousand Islands, RMNH.POR.1998, RMNH.POR.2108. Sulawesi, Bunaken, RMNH.POR.3105.
<taxonomicName id="32CA3020C9E9A5DA62F0515235B13759" genus="Ternate" lsidName="Ternate" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="genus">Ternate</taxonomicName>
, Ternate reef, RMNH.POR.11309. West Papua, Sawaundarek Lake, RMNH.POR.11245 [JX177884], RMNH.
<pageBreakToken id="906E64273BE8686C8A745F3285038D59" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">POR</pageBreakToken>
.11246 [LT628323], RMNH.POR.11247, RMNH.POR.11248; Ctenophore Lake, RMNH.POR.11249, RMNH.POR.11250, RMNH.POR.11251, RMNH.POR.11251, RMNH.POR.11252, RMNH.POR.11253, RMNH.POR.11254, RMNH.POR.11255, RMNH.POR.11256, RMNH.POR.11257, RMNH.POR.11258, RMNH.POR.11259; Outside Ctenophore Lake, RMNH.POR.11260, RMNH.POR.11261, RMNH.POR.11262; Gam Island, Reef flat, RMNH.POR.11263; Gam Island, Mangrove, RMNH.POR.11264.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7839880B026D4F2F0E121631612C4843" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="1961CD66F7FBD012E9D491908F2561E7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7653C96A3E2BEA3F56A63923BEDDDB98" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
External morphology. Globular sponges, size from 3 to 5 cm in diameter (Figs 9A, 10A, B). Surface highly hispid due to the projecting spicules, covered by numerous porocalices. Porocalices are bowl-shape, with rounded apertures, up to 4
<normalizedToken id="4AD657D9EE9141EEE0B92A4190ED21F3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5 mm and 5 mm deep, abundant; no cloaca; in preserved material some porocalices are closed. Color generally yellow when alive (Figure 10A, B), which turns paler or even white-grey after preservation in ethanol (Figure 9A).
</paragraph>
<caption id="021F474420D588B8C2D1CF767B7F478D" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph id="741EC00A180E4D3572A4C04F901208E1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figure 9.
<taxonomicName id="1AD6071788990087D2CB5A0C04FCD7A9" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">Cinachyrella porosa</taxonomicName>
. Holotype NHMUK1886.8.29.632-633, Port Denison, Australia. A preserved material showing porocalices and internal structure B Labels of the type specimen C skeleton D electron micrograph showing oxea fragments and triaenes rhabds E oxea, end detail F protriaene G prodiaene H, I anatriaenes J sigmaspires. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, C); 500
<normalizedToken id="5D399592A4ED8480E78EBA0FA6062313" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(D); 50
<normalizedToken id="0BD74E230B617B3C436FBAC017F0B0BC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(E); 40
<normalizedToken id="3B51E99804E9E5985A1B4AC256E20D6A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="EE7AF0B048ECEE61FE03E2887C5F17A9" originalValue="FI">F-I</normalizedToken>
); 5
<normalizedToken id="E3C8EE3B873B1238CD3554F78E50F63D" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(J).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A1DBEC9D12343F7416332A738E129C42" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph id="87A8C03772836FBCA2FDE490E8032CAA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figure 10.
<taxonomicName id="38D3B036FBBAD0E30C26E93E18493018" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">Cinachyrella porosa</taxonomicName>
from Indonesia. A, C, E-I, N, RMNH.POR.11223, Tanah Bambam Lake. B,D, J-M, O RMNH.POR.11235, Haji Buang Lake A-BIn situ photographs; C skeleton, showing radial bundles and triaenes D spicules in light microscope showing oxeas and triaenes rhabds E, F oxea, end details G prodiaene H, I protriaene J oxea, end detail K protriaene L anatriaene in light microscopy M spheres N, O sigmaspires. Scale bars: 500
<normalizedToken id="AAF5A5CCD38ADCA25AF8FB9D041B5960" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(C, D); 20
<normalizedToken id="A7D59CBF1D5D48AA391DABC9F2A4BE0B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(E,F, J); 40
<normalizedToken id="B7623297B963D21B3603516A84496059" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="6BFAC5AB414E844B644D4CCAA1CDC9FE" originalValue="GI">G-I</normalizedToken>
, K); 100
<normalizedToken id="15CFA1294F199379C153F01CF13B29CE" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(L); 5
<normalizedToken id="0C8FB16AD8C04DC58F3DB9D98FBBE161" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="EF403BA3317470B4B7DC28FA2B5CF5BD" originalValue="MO">M-O</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B4C205EB40A0792ACAAEBFEFC6510954" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Skeleton. No cortex. Skeleton composed by bundles of oxeas and triaenes radiating from a central core (Figs 9C, 10C).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2722BD6F7ABDF68AB0C7BD5E88AF864" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Megascleres. Measurements are shown in Table 6 for the holotype and Indonesian specimens. Holotype, oxeas 820
<normalizedToken id="CF4A15DFF53D304CCD2F47FD61CD5021" originalValue="2553.2">-2553.2-</normalizedToken>
3750 mm
<normalizedToken id="7BBF1C51640D7CC77CA04BC38917FBDE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
7.5
<normalizedToken id="61CBE100F15353D389F7E3414737CE41" originalValue="29.4">-29.4-</normalizedToken>
47.5 mm (Figure 9C-E); few anatriaenes (Figure 9H, I), with rhabd always broken 2.5
<normalizedToken id="B763D2BD0CF42A6CA6FA15049DC3259B" originalValue="7.3">-7.3-</normalizedToken>
15 mm, cladi thin, with obtuse angles 50
<normalizedToken id="E52258746AC1BC47BCC8C78B4E6FAC54" originalValue="67.6">-67.6-</normalizedToken>
100 mm
<normalizedToken id="645C9DCE4D5DCDD47BE65174BD8F4D12" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
30
<normalizedToken id="86610E28999AADCE47FCAE7AB793C4FB" originalValue="42">-42-</normalizedToken>
60 mm
<normalizedToken id="D9FBBADEB7488366D44E364EBE678106" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5
<normalizedToken id="241C29EB8477B5FB05DFF23BC3D9B35D" originalValue="5.6">-5.6-</normalizedToken>
7.5 mm; protriaenes less abundant (Figure 9F), with rhabd always broken up to 5800 mm
<normalizedToken id="20BE49D8E02FFB70F051EEA975E2CDDE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5
<normalizedToken id="80FB8808919CDA0A0277256881F3CEA0" originalValue="7.3">-7.3-</normalizedToken>
12.5, probably tapering to dimensions &lt;1 mm, with thin and long cladi (25
<normalizedToken id="DB58465090ABAAEAB792DDD6742A0B9D" originalValue="44.4">-44.4-</normalizedToken>
65mm
<normalizedToken id="83412CE3F5216A1B62509FDD177E6A63" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
35
<normalizedToken id="7CBC159B1120E12DE67916B77BE730DF" originalValue="73">-73-</normalizedToken>
110mm
<normalizedToken id="01538D8C7C21F96C764780960769DC3B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5
<normalizedToken id="4B2729EE136842A9A88688173728AACF" originalValue="5.1">-5.1-</normalizedToken>
7.5 mm); abundant prodiaenes with similar dimensions as protriaenes (Figure 9G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="874AC93A1C74EF04B5E9CEC920C0B83C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Microscleres. No microxeas. Sigmaspires 5
<normalizedToken id="9B472D5F34E1FB927C51A488F55FC629" originalValue="8.6">-8.6-</normalizedToken>
12.5 mm in the holotype (Figure 9J) and 5
<normalizedToken id="B02B3A73B97D28A41F975E09A9513A23" originalValue="8.4">-8.4-</normalizedToken>
12.5 in the Indonesian specimens (Figure 10N, O), C-S shape; in some Indonesian specimens, silica spheres ranging from 3-7 mm in diameter can be present (Figure 10M).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A702F9482F9DEB3832C30A5086B538B1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="1CC132B90735B27FAE741B47C889E9AE" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A9ECB628213B6880AAABF0013A9B353" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Occurs in reefs, mangroves, and marine lakes. Predominantly in shallow areas. Notably, a large population inhabit the marine lake of Tanah Bambam, where
<taxonomicName id="8E54C619FFA00FBAA51679325CB4681D" lsidName="C. porosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="porosa">C. porosa</taxonomicName>
was the dominant representative of moon sponges. This species produces 1-2 mm sized buds (Figure 8) and buds extensively in marine lakes habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BD4F1B2B0F5A84E7D9868B8A221749E3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8712AB8C5B46245A351E96E33EC6485C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F13E4ECE9DFBF32294820B0FCD902DCF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
According to the material examined in this revision, we observed that this species is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific, from the Chagos archipelago, Sri Lanka, Australia, and Tonga Islands. In Indonesia,
<taxonomicName id="CBCAC220FD5B7A1DF9DAB340CF770320" lsidName="C. porosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="porosa">C. porosa</taxonomicName>
has been collected in East Kalimantan, Java,
<taxonomicName id="80594F73257D62ECA308D4B40055682F" genus="Ternate" lsidName="Ternate" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="genus">Ternate</taxonomicName>
, and West Papua.
</paragraph>
<caption id="BFE479724957ABC0F01EA91F1FB7A0BF" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<paragraph id="78E0F9B83AA5909AF41E1FF84A0DFA0C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Figure 11. Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="08125F0529D6462DD4A8E18BE0D3D0B3" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">Cinachyrella porosa</taxonomicName>
. Red dot: type locality,
<taxonomicName id="05F21C5668574C10DA52EFAE4930D145" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Spiretta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiretta porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">Spiretta porosa</taxonomicName>
Lendenfeld, 1888, Port Denison, Queensland, Australia. Green dots: Indonesian localities where the species was collected recently. Circled numbers: type localities of synonymized species 1
<taxonomicName id="726B298F675155F048A06D60329F25EA" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra malaccensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="malaccensis">Cinachyra malaccensis</taxonomicName>
Sollas, 1902, Malacca Strait, Malaysia 2
<taxonomicName id="FAE54AD10A2CBF95523684010715851B" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla anomala" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="anomala">Tetilla anomala</taxonomicName>
Dendy, 1905, Chilaw, Sri Lanka 3
<taxonomicName id="98583477E6BF272E9F5C636768350B60" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra albatridens" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albatridens">Cinachyra albatridens</taxonomicName>
Lendenfeld, 1907, Diego Garcia, Chagos Archipelago 4
<taxonomicName id="C5A2060D88D12687E2A276D5A7FE906C" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra albaobtusa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albaobtusa">Cinachyra albaobtusa</taxonomicName>
Lendenfeld, 1907, Anachoreten (=Keniet) Islands, Papua New Guinea 5
<taxonomicName id="CBEC9B8698F091C9B21782ADBB523C33" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra albabidens" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="albabidens">Cinachyra albabidens</taxonomicName>
Lendenfeld, 1907, Tonga Islands 6
<taxonomicName id="EC2253971D97CAA04C0829CFBD4CCAF5" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethya clavigera" order="Tethyida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="clavigera">Tethya clavigera</taxonomicName>
Hentschel, 1912, Aru Island, Indonesia.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6C832A584DABF6D82E6799AD5A682F36" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="B8F36D7F7F5680C676280EB1A2F9F887" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58AF4B490B72FA4DB98F2799EB58514F" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="D1414707AB4F2975A7B15C16BA8380B1" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">Cinachyrella porosa</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="C73A5C0D5E06CD33C8788DB5C0B1673C" lsidName="C. australiensis" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="australiensis">C. australiensis</taxonomicName>
by the absence of acanthose microxea and smaller size of sigmaspires. The first species described with these two diagnostic characteristics was
<taxonomicName id="87C0782D032FDF865C7BF83FB7E170A0" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Spiretta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spiretta porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">Spiretta porosa</taxonomicName>
Lendenfeld, 1888, subsequently transferred to the genus
<taxonomicName id="BC7427F16BCDCB04D24CCF5BC3580066" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tetilla</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B2DCD60724D40712A3BAAC17CEE5EFBC" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Lendenfeld 1903</bibRefCitation>
) and included as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="2A3F063FFEAEF04A38990F3BAA01C899" lsidName="C. australiensis" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="australiensis">C. australiensis</taxonomicName>
in both,
<bibRefCitation id="AA511B2FB5DA2C52B7F6BBE9D38FFA75" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Burton (1934)</bibRefCitation>
and WPD (2018). The detailed examination of the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="BE67E2BABAC01CC137E91CACB30C44F7" lsidName="C. porosa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="porosa">C. porosa</taxonomicName>
suggests that this species should therefore be resurrected. Based on the careful examination of the holotypes of
<taxonomicName id="F2DD1A7C7C12CF171AB410C461FB25BB" lsidName="C. albabidens" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="albabidens">C. albabidens</taxonomicName>
(Lendenfeld, 1907) and
<taxonomicName id="FD0FB8942BF135F5299120D0DE7AC748" lsidName="C. albaobtusa" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="albaobtusa">C. albaobtusa</taxonomicName>
(Lendenfeld, 1907), and the descriptions and plates of
<taxonomicName id="8D1C573FD2F6D9E61D7C9CC66A89DBAB" lsidName="C. malaccensis" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="malaccensis">C. malaccensis</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken id="3AFF5A39F068696839BFBEE0244EC3FD" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
Sollas, 1902) and
<taxonomicName id="418BC8830F9A1E9E0DC78F00D3F55731" lsidName="C. clavigera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="clavigera">C. clavigera</taxonomicName>
(Hentschel, 1912), we coincide with the
<taxonomicName id="9C9909DF896251AA689664DEF6AD9F1E" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">porosa</taxonomicName>
-group recognized by
<bibRefCitation id="C51FB7FE4A9B63CB7CFCA3DE989B89C4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Burton (1934)</bibRefCitation>
. However, we disagree with the statement that intermediate forms can be found within the wide range of variation of
<taxonomicName id="A3B98F62CEB2ADB35C5BBB973635ACB8" lsidName="C. australiensis" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="australiensis">C. australiensis</taxonomicName>
, and therefore we consider
<taxonomicName id="29FEFC71BF3682A76929BF73ECD3BE23" lsidName="C. porosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="porosa">C. porosa</taxonomicName>
as a valid species clearly differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="647434F0908F81F56ED7A6A1AEAC4CDE" lsidName="C. australiensis" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="australiensis">C. australiensis</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="B098355B83EA86EBB5BCC75858973603" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lendenfeld (1907)</bibRefCitation>
recognized the difficulties to separate the three species of the
<taxonomicName id="26533EABFA603B0FFE2136AE19885AA6" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella alba" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alba">alba</taxonomicName>
-group, and his decision to discriminate them as different species was based on distant localities and slight differences on the abundance of triaenes. After the morphological analysis of the
<taxonomicName id="48D95919D701FC8C14032EA0F0BD3A78" lsidName="C. albatridens" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="albatridens">C. albatridens</taxonomicName>
holotype, we consider that this species could also be a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="AE34ADFB275A6FDED69636D4700E461D" lsidName="C. porosa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="porosa">C. porosa</taxonomicName>
because neither microxea nor other characters to separate this species were found. Although
<bibRefCitation id="CDE333F6BEE91DA85497DCD9CB912CE5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Burton (1934)</bibRefCitation>
did not consider
<taxonomicName id="77E80B585EBEA09DF6BA6C64BE65217D" lsidName="C. anomala" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="anomala">C. anomala</taxonomicName>
(Dendy, 1905) within the
<taxonomicName id="A3339552D7723AADA8AFED6683D95048" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyrella porosa" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="porosa">porosa</taxonomicName>
-group, we suggest that a similar decision could be made based on our observations of the type specimen. Some of the Indonesian specimens have silica micro-spherules. Similar spherules have been described for species
<taxonomicName id="8CE9B9776E907517A97990C2C63AC45F" lsidName="C. anomala" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="anomala">C. anomala</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0C13C7E5F8CBAF10B12FDDD5990D2AB0" lsidName="C. hirsuta" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="hirsuta">C. hirsuta</taxonomicName>
(Dendy, 1905), as well as
<taxonomicName id="651E8A169909AFCF96FE986E70CDFB46" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla cinachyroides" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cinachyroides">Tetilla cinachyroides</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F8593B8C650BEBDD85A4B4DCBE46217C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hentschel 1911</bibRefCitation>
). Because
<taxonomicName id="54532F72971B0291E50E56EF10B7DD5D" lsidName="C. hirsuta" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="hirsuta">C. hirsuta</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7D720DE4814C5A94BFDB301DBDFB1148" lsidName="T. cinachyroides" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="cinachyroides">T. cinachyroides</taxonomicName>
contain acanthose microxea, they are synonimized with
<taxonomicName id="4ACE2D91126A90605C876E27B6D73F4F" lsidName="C. australiensis" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="australiensis">C. australiensis</taxonomicName>
. The nature of these spherules has been discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="265D584D891CEC08940CD3ED6196EDCF" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dendy (1905)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="2289C24C83BCFB4FC736EF004389A1A5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lendenfeld (1907)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="FA19CD4BA2028EAA2103BD19E8F6F45C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Dendy (1905)</bibRefCitation>
suggests that the spherules are associated with mother cells, which probably would give origin to sigmaspires, or they can be considered as anomalous or incidental spicules. On the other hand,
<bibRefCitation id="F6AA4C535958510BC7C546B31CCC3601" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lendenfeld (1907)</bibRefCitation>
<pageBreakToken id="D76FCF5B566A63975B6510DD01C3B703" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">estimated</pageBreakToken>
that spherules are the earlier stages of oxeas as described for
<taxonomicName id="47DF49864AAEF34692111B042B7963FF" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethya cranium" order="Tethyida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cranium">Tethya cranium</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="085B0ED4B9D946959DD8406B515EF115" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Lendenfeld 1907</bibRefCitation>
, plate 14 figs 11-15). Silica spherules are very variable within populations of the same species and among different genera in
<taxonomicName id="A972EE48181B024CC29F81CE05654C54" family="Tetillidae" lsidName="" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" rank="family">Tetillidae</taxonomicName>
, suggesting that this character has no taxonomic value.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>