355 lines
45 KiB
XML
355 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21975627-96b7-45c7-9c80-0a73a850169a" ID-PMC="PMC7387366" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-950-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" ID-PubMed="32774101" ID-ZooBank="3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-950-51" checkinTime="1595285263451" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Takaoka, Hiroyuki, Srisuka, Wichai, Fukuda, Masako & Saeung, Atiporn" docDate="2020" docId="A6BD5EE45AD95D4D9D1B5BA8DA4D8682" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 950: 51-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 950" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298" docTitle="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) klonglanense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="1D6E82E6-C730-4C82-9809-6F526A9851FB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E" masterDocTitle="Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668169112888" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Srisuka, Wichai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Entomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P. O. Box 7, Maerim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fukuda, Masako</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1 - 1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita, 879 - 5593, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Saeung, Atiporn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Center of Insect Vector Study, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-5992</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">atisaeung.noi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>950</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>152</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.950.51298</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-950-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3E805885D3354FB3AE8DFA443FAD82AE</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7F08092C01585A70A7948EA57A2A8E2E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="165843371" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1D6E82E6-C730-4C82-9809-6F526A9851FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6BD5EE45AD95D4D9D1B5BA8DA4D8682" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName LSID="A6BD5EE4-5AD9-5D4D-9D1B-5BA8DA4D8682" authority="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium (Gomphostilbia) klonglanense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klonglanense" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Gomphostilbia">Simulium (Gomphostilbia) klonglanense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="51">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figs 22</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 25E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Holotype</emphasis>
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: Male (with its associated pupal exuviae and cocoon) (in 80% ethanol) labeled as "Holotype:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium klonglanense" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klonglanense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Simulium klonglanense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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male, QSBG col. no. 144, Thailand, 27-VI-2013, by W. Srisuka", collected from a stream of Klong Nam Lai (width 1.4 m, depth 13 cm, bed sandy, moderate flow, pH 6.2, 25.8 °C, exposed to the sun, elevation 196 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="28.3" value="16.20786">16°12'28.3"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="47.8" value="99.263275">99°15'47.8"E</geoCoordinate>
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), at Klong Lan District, Kham Phaeng Phet Province, Thailand, 27-VI-2013, by W. Srisuka (Coll. No. 144).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: Three females, one male (thorax for DNA analysis) (with their associated pupal exuviae and cocoons), and eight mature larvae (in 80% ethanol), same data as for holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Female: sensory vesicle elongated (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22A</figureCitation>
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) and mandible with four distinct teeth on the outer margin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22B</figureCitation>
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). Male: upper-eye (large) facets in 13 or 14 vertical columns and 14 or 15 horizontal rows on each side, and moderately widened hind basitarsus 0.9 times as wide as the hind tibia and femur. Pupa: small terminal hooks (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22K</figureCitation>
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). Larva: postgenal cleft 3.7-4.0 times as long as the postgenal bridge (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22M</figureCitation>
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) and abdominal segments 1-4 grey (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figure 22.</emphasis>
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Female, male, pupa and larva of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. klonglanense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="klonglanense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. klonglanense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A-C</emphasis>
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female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D-I</emphasis>
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male
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">J-L</emphasis>
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pupa
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">M</emphasis>
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larva.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, D</emphasis>
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sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
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female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
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male)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
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mandible (right side)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
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genital fork
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
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hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">F</emphasis>
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coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">G</emphasis>
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style (right side; ventrolateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">H</emphasis>
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ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">I</emphasis>
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ventral plate (caudal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">J</emphasis>
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gill filaments (right side; lateral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">K</emphasis>
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terminal hooks (caudal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">L</emphasis>
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cocoon (dorsal view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">M</emphasis>
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head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">L</emphasis>
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); 0.1 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">E, J, M</emphasis>
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); 0.02 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A, C, D, F-I</emphasis>
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); 0.01 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">B, K</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Female</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
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= 3). Body length 1.8 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
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Frontal ratio 1.8:1.0:2.2; frons:head ratio 1.0:4.2. Labrum 0.59 times length of clypeus. Maxillary palpus: proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.0:2.1; sensory vesicle (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22A</figureCitation>
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) elongated (0.65-0.68 times length of third palpal segment). Lacinia with 10 inner and 14-16 outer teeth. Mandible (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22B</figureCitation>
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) with 27 inner teeth and four outer teeth at some distance from tip.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Legs.</emphasis>
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Foreleg: basitarsus moderately dilated, 5.2-5.4 times as long as its greatest width. Midleg: tarsus light to medium brown though little less than basal half of basitarsus yellow (its border not well defined). Hind leg: coxa light brown; tibia yellowish white on basal two-thirds and light to dark brown on rest; tarsus medium brown except basal two-thirds (though base light brown) and basal half of second tarsomere yellowish white; basitarsus 5.8-6.6 times as long as wide, and 0.7 and 0.6 times as wide as greatest widths of tibia and femur, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Wing.</emphasis>
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Length 1.6 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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Dorsal surface of abdomen medium to dark brown except most of segment 2 ochreous (though narrow portion along posterior margin somewhat darkened).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Terminalia.</emphasis>
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Sternite 8 with 17 medium-long to long hairs together with four slender short hairs on each side. Genital fork (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22C</figureCitation>
|
|
) of usual inverted-Y form, with slender stem; inner margins of arms divergent from each other. Paraproct in ventral view with 3-5 sensilla on anteromedial surface; paraproct in lateral view 0.6 times as long as wide, with 16 medium-long to long hairs on ventral and lateral surfaces. Cercus in lateral view short, rounded posteriorly, 0.5 times as long as wide. Spermatheca 1.44 times as long as its greatest width; both accessory ducts slender, subequal in diameter to each other and slightly wider than major one.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Male</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 2). Body length 2.0 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
Somewhat wider than thorax. Upper eye medium brown, consisting of large facets in 13 or 14 vertical columns and 14 or 15 horizontal rows on each side. Antenna: first flagellomere elongate, 1.7 times length of second. Maxillary palpus: proportional lengths of third, fourth, and fifth palpal segments 1.0:1.2:2.7; sensory vesicle (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22D</figureCitation>
|
|
) small, ellipsoidal (0.25-0.27 times length of third palpal segment).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
|
Scutum medium to dark brown except anterolateral calli ochreous, with three dark-brown longitudinal vittae (one medial and two submedial), white pruinose except three longitudinal vittae non-pruinose when illuminated anterodorsally and viewed dorsally. Scutellum medium brown. Postnotum medium to dark brown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Legs.</emphasis>
|
|
Foreleg: basitarsus slightly dilated, 6.8 times as long as its greatest width. Hind leg: coxa light brown; tibia dark brown except little less than basal half whitish yellow; tarsus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22E</figureCitation>
|
|
) medium brown except little less than basal half of basitarsus and little less than basal half of second tarsomere whitish yellow; basitarsus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22E</figureCitation>
|
|
) enlarged, 4.2 times as long as wide, and 0.9 and 0.9 times as wide as greatest width of tibia and femur, respectively; calcipala (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22E</figureCitation>
|
|
) slightly shorter than basal width, and 0.21 times as wide as greatest width of basitarsus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Wing.</emphasis>
|
|
Length 1.5 mm. Subcosta with 0-2 hairs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Genitalia.</emphasis>
|
|
Style in ventral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22F</figureCitation>
|
|
) bent inward, with round apex having single spine; style in ventrolateral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22G</figureCitation>
|
|
) slightly tapered toward apex, with round apex. Ventral plate in ventral view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22F</figureCitation>
|
|
): basal arms of moderate length, nearly parallel-sided, then slightly convergent apically; ventral plate in caudal view (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22I</figureCitation>
|
|
) trapezoidal, with ventral margin nearly straight. Cercus with 12 or 13 hairs.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Pupa</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 5). Body length 2.0-2.4 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
Integument light yellow.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
|
Integument light yellow, moderately covered with round tubercles except dorsolateral surface of posterior one-third nearly bare. Gill (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22J</figureCitation>
|
|
) composed of eight slender thread-like filaments, arranged as [3+(1+2)]+2 or [(2+1)+(1+2)]+2 or [(2+1)+3]+2) from dorsal to ventral; common basal stalk 0.7-0.8 times length of interspiracular trunk; stalk of ventral pair of filaments variable in length, 0.6-1.2 times length of common basal stalk, and 0.5-0.9 times length of interspiracular trunk; primary stalk of dorsal triplet lying against that of lower pair at angle of 80-90° when viewed laterally; filaments of dorsal triplet subequal in length (1.8 mm) and thickness to one another; filaments of dorsal triplet subequal in length (1.9-2.1 mm) and thickness to one another; two filaments of ventral pair subequal in length (tips of filaments of ventral pair lost, thus not possible to measure their lengths, which are probably little more than 2.4 mm) and thickness to each other and 1.6-1.8 times as thick as six other filaments of dorsal and middle triplets when compared basally; all filaments pale yellow.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
|
Dorsally, all segments unpigmented except segment 9 light yellow; segments 1 and 2 without minute tubercles; segment 9 with pair of small flat terminal hooks (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22K</figureCitation>
|
|
) when viewed caudally.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Cocoon</emphasis>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22L</figureCitation>
|
|
). Whitish yellow to medium brown, slipper-shaped, moderately woven, moderately extended ventrolaterally; anterior margin moderately woven medially, with or without bulge; individual threads visible or not visible; 2.4-3.0 mm long by 1.7-2.1 mm wide.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Mature larva</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">N</emphasis>
|
|
= 8). Body length 3.3-4.0 mm. Body with following color markings: thoracic segment 1 encircled with grey (or greyish ochreous) band (though disconnected ventromedially), thoracic segments 2 and 3 grey or ochreous on ventral surface; abdominal segments 1-4 each encircled with greyish band, abdominal segments 5-8 greyish on dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces; abdominal segment 4 with or without reddish purplish transverse band (though often partially faded medially and ventrally), abdominal segments 5-8 each faintly to moderately overlaid with reddish purplish pigments dorsally and dorsolaterally (though faded medially to various extent), abdominal segments 5 and 6 each with pair of small grey or reddish purplish spots ventrally, and abdominal segment 7 with grey transverse band (overlaid with reddish purplish pigment) ventrally (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Schematic illustrations of larval body color patterns (dorsal view). A S. teerachanense sp. nov. B S. pitasawatae sp. nov. C S. sutheppuiense sp. nov. D S. asakoae E S. klonglanense sp. nov. F S. namdanense sp. nov. G S. chaowaense sp. nov. H S. loeiense sp. nov. I S. huaimorense sp. nov. J S. nanoiense sp. nov. K S. junkumae sp. nov. L S. myanmarense M S. maewongense sp. nov. N S. phapeungense sp. nov. O S. muangpanense sp. nov. P S. maehongsonense sp. nov. Q S. thungchangense sp. nov. R S. chiangdaoense S S. inthanonense (morph 1) T S. inthanonense (morph 2)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433889" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">25E</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
Head capsule yellow except eye-spot region whitish; head spots indistinct. Antenna: proportional lengths of first, second, and third articles 1.0:0.8:0.8-1.0. Labral fan with 30-34 primary rays. Postgenal cleft (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Female, male, pupa and larva of S. klonglanense sp. nov. A-C female D-I male J-L pupa M larva. A, D sensory vesicles (right side; anterior view A female D male) B mandible (right side) C genital fork E hind basitarsus and second tarsomere (left side; lateral view) F coxites, styles and ventral plate (ventral view) G style (right side; ventrolateral view) H ventral plate and median sclerite (lateral view) I ventral plate (caudal view) J gill filaments (right side; lateral view) K terminal hooks (caudal view) L cocoon (dorsal view) M head capsule (ventral view). Scale bars: 1.0 mm (L); 0.1 mm (E, J, M); 0.02 mm (A, C, D, F-I); 0.01 mm (B, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.950.51298.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/433886" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">22M</figureCitation>
|
|
) long, arrowhead shaped, 3.7-4.0 times length of postgenal bridge.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
|
Rectal organ compound, each of three lobes with six to eight finger-like secondary lobules. Anal sclerite of usual X-form, with anterior arms nearly as long as posterior ones. Posterior circlet with 71-74 rows of hooklets with up to 14 hooklets per row.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
The species name,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="klonglanense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="klonglanense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">klonglanense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, refers to the district, Klong Lan, where this species was collected.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Thailand (Kham Phaeng Phet).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
This new species is similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lurauense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="lurauense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. lurauense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
described from Peninsular Malaysia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.118.1552" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="53 - 74" refId="B21" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Hashim, R, Ya'cob, Z, 2011b. Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to Peninsular Malaysian members of the Simulium ceylonicum species-group. ZooKeys 118: 53 - 74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.118.1552" title="Two new species of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Peninsular Malaysia, with keys to Peninsular Malaysian members of the Simulium ceylonicum species-group." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.118.1552" volume="118" year="2011 b">Takaoka et al. 2011b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) in many characters including the elongate female sensory vesicle, presence of teeth on the outer margin of the female mandible, and similar number of male upper-eye facets. However, it is distinguished from the latter species by the relative length of the female sensory vesicle against the third palpal segment (0.65-0.68 in this new species versus 0.50-0.54 in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lurauense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="lurauense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. lurauense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), and male hind basitarsus (0.9 times as wide as the hind tibia and femur in this new species versus 0.8 times as wide as the hind tibia and 0.7-0.8 times as wide as the hind femur in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lurauense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="lurauense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. lurauense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
|
|
This new species is similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. quychauense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="quychauense">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. quychauense</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Takaoka & Chen from Vietnam, which is known only for the male and pupa (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B22" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Ya'cob, Z, Chen, CD, Lau, KW, Low, VL, Pham, XD, Adler, PH, 2017a. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1-165. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" title="The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam. Zootaxa 4261, 1 - 165." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4261.1.1" year="2017 a">Takaoka et al. 2017a</bibRefCitation>
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) in having a similar number of male upper-eye (large) facets and small pupal terminal hooks. However, it is barely distinguished from the latter species by the ventral margin of the ventral plate nearly straight when viewed posteriorly (somewhat convex ventrally in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. quychauense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="quychauense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. quychauense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and pupal abdominal segment 9 with spine-combs (without spine-combs in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. quychauense" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="quychauense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. quychauense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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This new species is similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. thituyenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="thituyenae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. thituyenae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Takaoka & Pham from Vietnam, which is known only for the female and pupa (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3961.1.1" author="Takaoka, H" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 96" refId="B24" refString="Takaoka, H, Sofian-Azirun, M, Ya'cob, Z, Chen, CD, Lau, KW, Pham, XD, 2015. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thua Thien Hue and Lam Dong Provinces, Vietnam. Zootaxa 3961: 1 - 96, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3961.1.1" title="The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thua Thien Hue and Lam Dong Provinces, Vietnam." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3961.1.1" volume="3961" year="2015">Takaoka et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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), but is barely distinguished from the latter species by the wing length (1.6 mm in this new species versus 2.0 mm in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. thituyenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="thituyenae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. thituyenae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), number of the outer teeth of the female mandible (four in this new species versus eight in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. thituyenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="thituyenae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. thituyenae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and the angle of the stalk of the dorsal triplet of the pupal gill against that of the ventral pair of filaments (80-90° in this new species versus 60° in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. thituyenae" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="thituyenae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">S. thituyenae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |