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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2466" ID-PMC="PMC3337060" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-179-169" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC8FF8CFFABCA157021FFF73203684D" ID-PubMed="22539893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577059" ModsDocID="1313-2970-179-169" checkinTime="1451249203697" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Webster, Reginald P., Sweeney, Jon D. &amp; DeMerchant, Ian" docDate="2012" docId="A6ABE779F67959328D5A984821CA1C59" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 179: 169-192" docOrigin="ZooKeys 179" docPubDate="2012-04-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2466" docTitle="Sphindus trinifer Casey 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFC8FF8CFFABCA157021FFF73203684D" lastPageNumber="173" masterDocId="FFC8FF8CFFABCA157021FFF73203684D" masterDocTitle="New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Sphindidae, Erotylidae, Monotomidae, and Cryptophagidae" masterLastPageNumber="192" masterPageNumber="169" pageNumber="172" updateTime="1668153494849" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Sphindidae, Erotylidae, Monotomidae, and Cryptophagidae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Webster, Reginald P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., P. O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, Canada E 3 B 5 P 7</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">reginaldwebster@rogers.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sweeney, Jon D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., P. O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, Canada E 3 B 5 P 7</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>DeMerchant, Ian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent St., P. O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, Canada E 3 B 5 P 7</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-04-04</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>179</mods:number>
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<mods:start>169</mods:start>
<mods:end>192</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2466</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2466</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-179-169</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFC8FF8CFFABCA157021FFF73203684D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577059</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182236172" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A6ABE779F67959328D5A984821CA1C59" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6ABE779F67959328D5A984821CA1C59" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName LSID="A6ABE779-F679-5932-8D5A-984821CA1C59" authority="Casey, 1898 **" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1898" class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sphindus trinifer" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinifer">Sphindus trinifer Casey, 1898**</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Map 3. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of Sphindus trinifer." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/16316" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Map 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">New Brunswick, Carleton Co.</emphasis>
, Jackson Falls, Bell Forest,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.2200" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.22">46.2200°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="67.7231" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.7231">67.7231°W</geoCoordinate>
, 26.VI.2007, 25.VII.2007, R. P. Webster, mature hardwood forest, u.v. light (2, NBM, RWC); same locality and forest type, 4-12.VI.2008, R. P. Webster, Lindgren funnel trap (1, RWC); same locality and habitat data but 9-14.V.2009, 14-20.V.2009, 8-16.VI.2009, 16-21.VI.2009, Webster &amp; M.-A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giguère">Giguere</normalizedToken>
, Lindgren funnel traps (4, AFC, RWC).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Charlotte Co.</emphasis>
, 10 km NW of New River Beach,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.2110" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.211">45.2110°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66.6170" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.617">66.6170°W</geoCoordinate>
, 16-26.VII.2010, R. Webster &amp; C. MacKay, old growth eastern white cedar forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Queens Co.</emphasis>
, Cranberry Lake P.N.A.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="46.1125" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.1125">46.1125°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="65.6075" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-65.6075">65.6075°W</geoCoordinate>
, 21-27.V.2009, 5-11.VI.2009, R. Webster &amp; M.-A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giguère">Giguere</normalizedToken>
, old red oak forest, Lindgren funnel traps (5, AFC); Grand Lake Meadows P.N.A.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.8227" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.8227">45.8227°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66.1209" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.1209">66.1209°W</geoCoordinate>
, 19-31.V.2010, R. Webster &amp; C. MacKay, old silver maple forest with green ash and seasonally flooded marsh, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC); same locality data and forest type, 21.VI-5.VII.2011, M. Roy &amp; V. Webster, Lindgren funnel trap (1, NBM).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Restigouche Co.</emphasis>
, Dionne Brook P.N.A.,
<geoCoordinate degrees="47.9030" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="47.903">47.9030°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="68.3503" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-68.3503">68.3503°W</geoCoordinate>
, 30.V-15.VI.2011, 9-23.VIII.2011, M. Roy &amp; V. Webster, old-growth northern hardwood forest, Lindgren funnel traps (3, NBM, RWC).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Sunbury Co.</emphasis>
, Acadia Research Forest,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.9866" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9866">45.9866°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66.3841" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.3841">66.3841°W</geoCoordinate>
, 19-25.V.2009, 25.V-2.VI.2009, 24-30.VI.2009, R. Webster &amp; M.-A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giguère">Giguere</normalizedToken>
, mature (110-year-old) red spruce forest with scattered red maple and balsam fir, Lindgren funnel traps (6, AFC).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">York Co.</emphasis>
, Charters Settlement,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.8395" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.8395">45.8395°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66.7391" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.7391">66.7391°W</geoCoordinate>
, 26.VII.2005, 11.VI.2007, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, u.v. light (4, RWC); same locality, habitat data, and collector but 23.IV.2008, collected during aerial flight between 15:00 to 18:00h (1, RWC); 15 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.6848" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.6848">45.6848°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66.8821" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.8821">66.8821°W</geoCoordinate>
, 8-15.VI.2009, 15-21.VI.2009, M.-A.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Giguère">Giguere</normalizedToken>
, R. Webster, &amp; V. Webster, old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel traps (4, AFC); 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645,
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.6741" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.6741">45.6741°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="66.8661" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.8661">66.8661°W</geoCoordinate>
, 26.IV-10.V.2010, 10-26.V.2010, 30.VI-13.VII.2010, R. Webster C. MacKay &amp; K. Burgess, old mixed forest with red and white spruce, red and white pine, balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Salicales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Populus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., Lindgren funnel traps (5, AFC, RWC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="collection and habitat data">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Collection and habitat data.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
Adults were found in a mature hardwood forest with sugar maple (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Aceraceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="saccharum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Acer saccharum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Marsh.), American beech (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Fagus grandifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ehrh.), white ash (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Oleaceae" genus="Fraxinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oleales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Fraxinus americana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.), and butternut (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Juglandales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cinerea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Juglans cinerea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.), an old-growth northern hardwood forest with sugar maple and yellow birch (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="alleghaniensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Betula alleghaniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Britt.), an old silver maple (
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Aceraceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="saccharinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Acer saccharinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.) swamp, an old-growth red pine forest, a mature red spruce (
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Picea rubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sarg.) forest, an old eastern white cedar (
<taxonomicName class="Coniferopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Gymnospermae" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Thuja occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.) swamp/forest, and old mixed forests. This species was captured in Lindgren funnel traps at all sites where these traps were used. Adults were also collected during an evening flight (between 15:00 and 18:00 h), and at an ultraviolet light. Adults were collected during April, May, June, July, and August.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Distribution in Canada and Alaska.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="173" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">
ON, QC,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">NB</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Campbell, JM" editor="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="Agriculture Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa, Ontario" pageId="16" pageNumber="185" refId="B10" refString="Campbell, JM, 1991a. Family Sphindidae: dry-fungus beetles. In: Bousquet, Y, Ed., Checklist of Beetles of Canada and Alaska. Agriculture Canada, Research Branch, Ottawa, Ontario, 213 pp." title="Family Sphindidae: dry-fungus beetles" volumeTitle="Checklist of Beetles of Canada and Alaska." year="1991 a">Campbell 1991a</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Casey, TL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="185" pagination="61 - 93" refId="B12" refString="Casey, TL, 1898. Studies in the Ptinidae, Cioidae and Sphindidae of America. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 6: 61 - 93" title="Studies in the Ptinidae, Cioidae and Sphindidae of America." volume="6" year="1898">Casey (1898)</bibRefCitation>
used the number of antennal segments of the club to distinguish
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1898" class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinifer">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="172">Sphindus trinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="173" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
three-segmented club) from
<taxonomicName authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1866" class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="173">Sphindus americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(two-segmented club) in his key to the American
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="173">Sphindus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. However,
<bibRefCitation author="Downie, NM" journalOrPublisher="Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida" pageId="16" pageNumber="185" refId="B14" refString="Downie, NM, Arnett RH, Jr, 1996. The beetles of northeastern North America, Volumes 1 and 2. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida, 1721 pp." title="The beetles of northeastern North America, Volumes 1 and 2." year="1996">Downie and Arnett (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Majka, CG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="185" pagination="30 - 33" refId="B20" refString="Majka, CG, 2010. The Sphindidae (Coleoptera) of Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society 6: 30 - 33" title="The Sphindidae (Coleoptera) of Nova Scotia, Canada." volume="6" year="2010">Majka (2010)</bibRefCitation>
used size and other characteristics such as color to separate
<taxonomicName authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1866" class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="173">Sphindus americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1.5 to 2.5 mm in length) from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1898" class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinifer">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="173">Sphindus trinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1.7 mm in length). These characteristics are variable in these two species and are, therefore, unreliable for use in distinguishing these species. The specimens reported above all possess a three-segmented club, a character of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1898" class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinifer">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="173">Sphindus trinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The adults from New Brunswick are, on average, larger (ranging from 1.7 to 2.0 mm in length) than the 1.7 mm given for the type specimen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1898" class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinifer">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="173">Sphindus trinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from Toronto, Canada) in
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caseys">Casey's</normalizedToken>
original description. The specimens otherwise agree with the original description of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1898" class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinifer">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="173">Sphindus trinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Interestingly,
<taxonomicName authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1866" class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="173">Sphindus americanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported by
<bibRefCitation author="Majka, CG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="185" pagination="30 - 33" refId="B20" refString="Majka, CG, 2010. The Sphindidae (Coleoptera) of Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of the Acadian Entomological Society 6: 30 - 33" title="The Sphindidae (Coleoptera) of Nova Scotia, Canada." volume="6" year="2010">Majka (2010)</bibRefCitation>
to be common and widespread in Nova Scotia. However, the specimen illustrated in his paper possesses a three-segmented club, a character of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1898" class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinifer">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="173">Sphindus trinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The Nova Scotia specimens should be re-examined to confirm their identity.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/16316" pageId="4" pageNumber="173" start="Map 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="173">Map 3.</emphasis>
Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1898" class="Hexapoda" family="Sphindidae" genus="Sphindus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trinifer">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="173">Sphindus trinifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>