627 lines
68 KiB
XML
627 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" ID-PMC="PMC3689132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-24-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" ID-PubMed="23794938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576237" ModsDocID="1314-2003-24-1" checkinTime="1451251869906" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lange, P. J. de, Heenan, P. B., Houliston, G. J., Rolfe, J. R. & Mitchell, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="A67FF4CEA481560D976ECBD8E747B9B4" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 24: 1-147" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 24" docPubDate="2013-06-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" docTitle="Lepidium flexicaule Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" masterDocTitle="New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1668140848368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lange, P. J. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heenan, P. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Houliston, G. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Genetics Group, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rolfe, J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Office, Department of Conservation, P. O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mitchell, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Otago School of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-06-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>147</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-24-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576237</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229051" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A67FF4CEA481560D976ECBD8E747B9B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A67FF4CEA481560D976ECBD8E747B9B4" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName LSID="A67FF4CE-A481-560D-976E-CBD8E747B9B4" authority="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380 (1882)" authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidium flexicaule" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">Lepidium flexicaule Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380 (1882)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="lectotype">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Lectotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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New Zealand (North Island) (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">fide</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="43 - 51" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" refId="B43" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, Norton, DA, 1995. Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 43 - 51, 10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" title="Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium." url="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" volume="33" year="1995">Garnock-Jones and Norton 1995</bibRefCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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Onehunga, n.d. T.Kirk 341 WELT SP030080! Isolectotypes: WELT SP030089!, WELT SP027620!
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="37" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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The exact meaning of the species '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">flexicaule</emphasis>
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' was not given by
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<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B60" refString="Kirk, T, 1899. The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." title="The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." year="1899">Kirk (1899)</bibRefCitation>
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but the translation 'flexuous
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<normalizedToken originalValue="stems’">stems'</normalizedToken>
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accurately characterises the plant.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="synonym">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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=
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Lepidium incisum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Banks et Sol. ex Hook.f.,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Flora Novae-Zelandiae 1</emphasis>
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, 15 (1853)
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">nom. illeg</emphasis>
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., non Roth,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Neue Beytr. Bot. 1</emphasis>
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: 224 (1802), nec Edgew.,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Trans. Linn. Soc. 20</emphasis>
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, 33 (1851)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="lectotype">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Lectotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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New Zealand (North Island) (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">fide</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="43 - 51" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" refId="B43" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, Norton, DA, 1995. Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 43 - 51, 10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" title="Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium." url="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" volume="33" year="1995">Garnock-Jones and Norton 1995</bibRefCitation>
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):
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</emphasis>
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Opuraga, on Beach, rare, n.d., Banks and Solander, BM! Isolectotypes: AK 100095!, WELT SP063696a, b!
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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Banks and Solander evidently chose the epithet '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">incisum</emphasis>
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' in allusion to the deeply incised leaves of their specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Wild plant of Lepidium flexicaule growing on cobble beach showing decumbent growth habit (image: C. C. Ogle)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10776" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figs 38</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Distribution of Lepidium flexicaule (New Zealand distribution shown only), Lepidium juvencum, Lepidium limenophylax, Lepidium naufragorum and Lepidium obtusatum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10782" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">-43</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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. Tap-rooted, strongly pungent smelling, decumbent, summer-green, perennial herb forming densely leafy, patches up to 1.5 m diam., and arising from stout, semi-circular, whitish-grey (when exposed) rootstock 3-10 mm diam. when fresh. Tap root fleshy, yellow to yellow-white when fresh, up to 300 mm long, deeply descending. Plants dying down in winter or in times of adversity to rootstock (in well-grown individuals the new
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<normalizedToken originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
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branchlets may die back to the previous
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<normalizedToken originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
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stem nodes). Stems prostate, weakly flexuous, divergent to widely spreading, 100-800 mm long, 0.8-5.2 mm diam., woody near base, initially spherical in cross-section, pale yellow-green to dark green, sometimes tinged maroon and finely
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<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">puberulent</pageBreakToken>
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with short papillate or tapered hairs; becoming glabrous and prominently ridged and/or grooved with age, and usually bearing numerous leaf scars and withered petioles; upper portion of stems sparingly and openly to heavily branched; branches and branchlets, usually very leafy. Leaves glabrous, firmly fleshy to succulent, glossy dark green to yellow-green, at senescence turning yellow. Rosette and lower stem leaves withering at fruiting; petioles distinct 10-50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-3 mm, slightly concave in cross-section, fleshy; leaves glabrous above, with papillae or denticles along midrib beneath and margins in New Zealand plants, or without denticles (absent in Chatham Islands and most Australian plants); lamina 50-90
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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15-30 mm, pinnatifid, obovate to oblanceolate; pinnae in 1-3 pairs, bluntly toothed or crenate at apex and distal margins. Upper stem leaves glabrous above, usually with triangular denticles, dense on margins and sparse to dense beneath (although absent in Chatham Islands and most Australian plants); mostly apetiolate, petiole if present minute up to 1.5 mm long; lamina 5-30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-10 mm, obovate, oblanceolate, or spathulate, apex bluntly toothed to crenate, base broadly to narrowly cuneate. Racemes 10-50 mm long, elongating up to 60 mm at fruiting, terminal and leaf-opposed; rachis and pedicels puberulent with short tapering hairs, and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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covered in triangular denticles (absent in Chatham Islands and most Australian plants) or glabrous; axillary; rachis and pedicels hairs if present, retrorse to patent, very short, 0.05-0.8 mm long,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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clavate, eglandular - glandular; pedicels, erecto-patent to patent, initially 1.04-1.27(-2.38) mm; elongating to 2.34-5.00(-6.02) mm long at fruiting. Flower buds dark green, apex bearing a conspicuous, caducous,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">crest</pageBreakToken>
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of white, eglandular, antrorse hairs up to 0.9 mm long. Flowers sweetly fragrant, 1.4-1.8(-2.3) mm diam. Sepals, broadly ovate to oval, apex broadly obtuse, centrally green with a white margin, deeply concave, adaxially weakly keeled, adaxial midrib invested in conspicuous, caducous, white, eglandular, antrorse, hispid hairs, hairs sometimes scattered across rest of adaxial surface; abaxial surface glabrous; lateral sepals broad, 0.6-1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-1.2 mm, median sepals narrower 0.4-0.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4-0.7 mm. Petals white, 0.3-0.8(-1.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2-0.8 mm, erecto-patent or patent, clawed; limb broadly obovate, apex obtuse, retuse or distinctly emarginate. Stamens 2, equal. Anthers c.0.16 mm long. Pollen bright yellow. Nectaries 4, subulate, 0.40 mm long. Silicles cartilaginous when fresh, subcoriaceous when dry, (2.1-)3.3(-4.1)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(2.2-)3.3-3.4(-4.0) mm, orbicular, obovate, to ovate, slightly winged in upper
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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, apex scarcely or shallowly notched, valves green maturing yellow-green, glabrous; style 0.8 (-1.0) mm long, free from the narrow wing, equal to or slightly exceeding the notch; stigma 0.2-0.4 mm diam. Seeds 2, 1.20-1.38
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.80-1.10 mm, ovoid to suborbicular, red-brown, dark red-brown or brownish black, not winged. FL. Oct-Feb. FR. Dec-Apr.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10776" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 38" startId="F38">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 38.</emphasis>
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Wild plant of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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growing on cobble beach showing decumbent growth habit (image: C.C. Ogle).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10777" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 39" startId="F39">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 39.</emphasis>
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Mature plant of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with exposed root stock showing persistent past
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<normalizedToken originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
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stems and new
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<normalizedToken originalValue="season’s">season's</normalizedToken>
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growth (image: S. Walls).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10778" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 40" startId="F40">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 40.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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plant at rosette stage of growth (early in growing season) (image: S. Walls).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10779" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 41" startId="F41">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 41.</emphasis>
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Old and new inflorescences of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10780" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 42" startId="F42">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 42.</emphasis>
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Close up of stems, upper-stem leaves and inflorescences showing denticles of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Scale bar = 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10781" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="Figure 43" startId="F43">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figure 43.</emphasis>
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Mature silicle of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. AK 294940. Scale bar = 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="representative specimens">
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<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Representative Specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Australia (Tasmania)</emphasis>
|
||
: Port Davey, Gull Reef, January 1977, M. Allan s.n., (HO 26460); Port Davey, Elliot Point, 20 January 1986, A. Moscal 11876, (HO 402077); 1 km South of Rheuben Creek, 22 February 1985, A. Moscal 9734, (HO 401030); 1 km South of Nye Bay, 6 February 1986, A. M. Buchanan 8210, (HO 98828); Endeavour Bay, 30 January 1984, A. M. Moscal 6017, (HO 74481); Hibbs Bay, 25 January 1984, A. M. Buchanan 2775, (HO 74480);
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="39" pageNumber="40" start="start">Bruny</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Island, n.d. L. Rodway s.n., (HO 54049).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">New Zealand (North Island):</emphasis>
|
||
Great Barrier (Aotea island), Saddle Island, 7 January 1989, E. K. Cameron 5295, (AK 206897, AD, CHR).North Auckland, Waitemata, North Head, n.d., T. Kirk 342,(WELT SP030081); Waitemata, T. Kirk 41, n.d., WELT SP030088 (Duplicate AK 11429); Waitakere, May 1885, Ball s.n., (AK 261800);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bethell’s">Bethell's</normalizedToken>
|
||
[Beach], 7 Jan 1934, L. M. Cranwell s.n., (AK 100102); Hauraki Gulf, Rangitoto Island, December 1882, T. F. Cheeseman s.n., (AK 4481); South Auckland, Manukau Harbour, Mangere, n.d., T. F.Cheeseman s.n., (AK 4480); Piako, n.d. J. Adams s.n., (AK 14865, AK 14866); Taranaki, Stent Road, 26 Jan 2010, P. J. de Lange 9279 & G. M. Crowcroft, (AK 317033), Kapiti Island, n.d. J. Buchanan s.n., (WELT SP087437).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">New Zealand (South Island):</emphasis>
|
||
Between Little Whanganui River and Mokihinui, n.d.,?W. L. Townson 24, (WELT SP044035); Vicinity of Westport, 1903, W. Townson s.n., (WELT SP030082, WELT SP030084); Westport, Orowaiti River Bank, n.d., W. L. Townson s.n., (AK 253094); Westport, Orowaiti River Bank, 31 January 1953, R. Mason & N. T. Moar 2163, (AK 225200, CHR 81618); Cape Foulwind, n.d., W. Townson s.n., (WELT SP30085); Cape Foulwind, 4 February 1913, D. Petrie s.n., (WELT SP30086); Cape Foulwind, Tauranga Bay (Seal Colony), 14 August 1992, P. J. de Lange 1478 & D. A. Norton, (WELT SP079914); Punakaiki, 18 January 1931, L. B. Moore s.n. & L. M. Cranwell, (AK 100103).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Chatham Islands</emphasis>
|
||
: Rekohu, Point Somes, 25 January 2005, I. Keenan s.n., (AK 289897); Rekohu, Zimmermans Property, Point Somes, 10 January 2006, P. J. de Lange CH392, (AK 294940, CANB, CHR); Rekohu, Zimmermans Property, Point Somes, 10 January 2006, P. J. de Lange
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="start">CH</pageBreakToken>
|
||
395, (AK 294940, CANB, CHR, WAIK); Rekohu, Ocean Bay, Unnamed Point south west of Bay, 14 January 2006, P. J. de Lange CH440 & J. W. D. Sawyer, (AK 295121); Rekohu, Wharekauri Farm Station, Cape Young, 13 January 2006, P. J. de Lange CH425 & J. W. D. Sawyer, (AK 295154).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Distribution of Lepidium flexicaule (New Zealand distribution shown only), Lepidium juvencum, Lepidium limenophylax, Lepidium naufragorum and Lepidium obtusatum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10782" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Indigenous. Australia (Tasmania) and New Zealand (North, South, Chatham islands). In the North Island of New Zealand,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now known from only two extant populations, one on Saddle Island off the west coast of Great Barrier Island (Aotea Island) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Botanical Society Newsletter" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" pagination="17 - 18" refId="B31" refString="de Lange, PJ, Cameron, EK, 2011. Lepidium flexicaule - a new location from northern New Zealand. New Zealand Botanical Society Newsletter 103: 17 - 18" title="Lepidium flexicaule - a new location from northern New Zealand." volume="103" year="2011">de Lange and Cameron 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the other at Stent Road north of Cape Egmont, Taranaki (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Peet, N" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="B72" refString="Peet, N, La, Cock G, Millar, R, Dijkgraaf, A, 2003. Wanganui Conservancy news. Rare Bits 51: 9-12. http://www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/RareBits51.pdf." title="Wanganui Conservancy news. Rare Bits 51: 9 - 12. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / documents / science-and-technical / RareBits 51. pdf" year="2003">Peet et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Historically
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was present on Rangitoto Island, along the Waitakere Coastline, near North Head, Waitemata Harbour and near Onehunga, Manukau Harbour (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B60" refString="Kirk, T, 1899. The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." title="The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." year="1899">Kirk 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheeseman, TF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B11" refString="Cheeseman, TF, 1906. Manual of the New Zealand flora. Government Printer, Wellington." title="Manual of the New Zealand flora. Government Printer, Wellington." year="1906">Cheeseman 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheeseman, TF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B12" refString="Cheeseman, TF, 1925. Manual of the New Zealand flora. 2nd ed. Government Printer, Wellington." title="Manual of the New Zealand flora. 2 nd ed. Government Printer, Wellington." year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="43 - 51" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" refId="B43" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, Norton, DA, 1995. Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 43 - 51, 10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" title="Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium." url="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" volume="33" year="1995">Garnock-Jones and Norton 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was also recorded from the Firth of Thames, at Mercury Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B60" refString="Kirk, T, 1899. The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." title="The Student's Flora of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington." year="1899">Kirk 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheeseman, TF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B11" refString="Cheeseman, TF, 1906. Manual of the New Zealand flora. Government Printer, Wellington." title="Manual of the New Zealand flora. Government Printer, Wellington." year="1906">Cheeseman 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheeseman, TF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" refId="B12" refString="Cheeseman, TF, 1925. Manual of the New Zealand flora. 2nd ed. Government Printer, Wellington." title="Manual of the New Zealand flora. 2 nd ed. Government Printer, Wellington." year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="43 - 51" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" refId="B43" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, Norton, DA, 1995. Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 43 - 51, 10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" title="Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium." url="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" volume="33" year="1995">Garnock-Jones and Norton 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and near Wellington (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="43 - 51" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" refId="B43" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, Norton, DA, 1995. Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 43 - 51, 10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" title="Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium." url="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" volume="33" year="1995">Garnock-Jones and Norton 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the South Island, the species is confined to the western coast of North-West Nelson from near Kaihoka to about Point Elizabeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was discovered on the northern portion of Rekohu in 2005 by Department of Conservation botanists.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10782" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" start="Figure 44" startId="F44">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figure 44.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(New Zealand distribution shown only),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvencum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lepidium juvencum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limenophylax">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lepidium limenophylax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 24, 423" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lepidium obtusatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Recognition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from all other indigenous
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Lepidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by the combination of having a decumbent growth habit, pinnatifid rosette and basal stem leaves (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 38" captionStartId="F38" captionText="Figure 38. Wild plant of Lepidium flexicaule growing on cobble beach showing decumbent growth habit (image: C. C. Ogle)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10776" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs 38</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Old and new inflorescences of Lepidium flexicaule." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10779" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">-41</figureCitation>
|
||
), and flowers with two stamens. Most North Island and South Island populations are further distinguished by the presence of tri
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="41" pageNumber="42" start="start">angular</pageBreakToken>
|
||
denticles on branchlet stems, leaf margins and petioles, and on the rachis and pedicels of the inflorescences (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Close up of stems, upper-stem leaves and inflorescences showing denticles of Lepidium flexicaule. Scale bar = 5 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10780" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
, see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Bird Notes" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" refId="B42" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, 1988. Brassicaceae. In: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. IV. CJ Webb, WR Sykes, PJ Garnock-Jones (Eds) Botany Division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch, 394-447." title="Brassicaceae. In: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. IV. CJ Webb, WR Sykes, PJ Garnock-Jones (Eds) Botany Division, D. S. I. R., Christchurch, 394 - 447." year="1988">Garnock-Jones 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Denticles are, however, absent from the Chatham Islands, most Australian collections, and some South Island ones. The absence of denticles prompted the brief listing of Rekohu and Australian plants as an unnamed subspecies (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250909509794" refId="B26" refString="de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Courtney, SP, Heenan, PB, Barkla, JW, Cameron, EK, Hitchmough, R, Townsend, AJ, 2009. Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61-96. ., 10.1080/00288250909509794" title="Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61 - 96." url="10.1080/00288250909509794" year="2009">de Lange et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, as denticles are sometimes absent from South Island plants, formal taxonomic distinction may not be warranted. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that Rekohu plants are consistently larger than those seen from the rest of this
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
|
||
range, with well-grown specimens reaching up to 1.5 m diam., and that cpDNA data separates Tasmanian and Rekohu
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from New Zealand samples (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of trn L-F as calculated in RaXML, showing the Lepidium oleraceum (black text) and Lepidium sisymbrioides (red text) groups, including the newly described taxa. Bootstrap support from 1000 replicates is shown for branches where it is greater than 50. Codes for each individual in the phylogeny are shown in Table 1." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10742" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Further study, including obtaining sequences of non-denticulate South Island
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is warranted. Of the indigenous species, it is perhaps most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which differs by its upright bushy shrub-forming habit with ascending to erect stems (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F55" captionText="Figure 55. Mature plant of Lepidium naufragorum on Taumaka Island (image: P. I. Knightbridge)" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10793" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
|
||
), more sharply serrated pinnae of the leaves; racemes that are not so clearly leaf-opposed and are much longer (up to 150 mm, cf. 50 mm long), flowers that have four rather than two stamens, and emarginate petals that are longer than the sepals (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="43 - 51" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" refId="B43" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, Norton, DA, 1995. Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 43 - 51, 10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" title="Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium." url="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" volume="33" year="1995">Garnock-Jones and Norton (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for other distinctions).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is however, commonly confused in the field with the naturalised
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium didymum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronopus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium coronopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Al-Shehbaz, species with which it sometimes grows. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium didymum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronopus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium coronopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have long been treated in New Zealand under the segregate genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Coronopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Papaverales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Coronopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Al-Shehbaz, IA" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refId="B3" refString="Al-Shehbaz, IA, Mummenhoff, K, Appel, O, 2002. Cardaria, Coronopus, and Stroganowia are United with Lepidium (Brassicaceae). Novon 12: 5-11. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3393229." title="Cardaria, Coronopus, and Stroganowia are United with Lepidium (Brassicaceae). Novon 12: 5 - 11. http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 3393229" year="2002">Al-Shehbaz et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reinstated both species within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium didymum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronopus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium coronopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the valves of the silicles, which are smooth and which dehisce into 2 valves to leave a persistent replum. The silicles of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium didymum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronopus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium coronopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a reticulate-ridged or warty surface, and do not dehisce along the valves; in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium didymum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they split into 1-seeded segments and in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Al-Shehbaz" authorityYear="2004" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coronopus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium coronopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are indehiscent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="ecology.">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
|
||
The ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described in some detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="43 - 51" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" refId="B43" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, Norton, DA, 1995. Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 43 - 51, 10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" title="Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium." url="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" volume="33" year="1995">Garnock-Jones and Norton (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They concluded that it is a strictly coastal species of turf communities, rock crevices and the strandline of bouldery beaches.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="42" pageNumber="43" start="start">has</pageBreakToken>
|
||
also colonised tracksides, the compacted peaty ground of seal colonies, bird roosts, and even bird nests, where plants presumably arose from fruiting material that had been used for nest construction. In most locations, the species is found within the spray zone and always in sites prone to frequent disturbance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="44" start="start">Conservation</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Status.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Previously
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had been assessed 'Threatened / Nationally Vulnerable CD,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="EF’">EF'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250909509794" refId="B26" refString="de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Courtney, SP, Heenan, PB, Barkla, JW, Cameron, EK, Hitchmough, R, Townsend, AJ, 2009. Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61-96. ., 10.1080/00288250909509794" title="Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61 - 96." url="10.1080/00288250909509794" year="2009">de Lange et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on current evidence, this ranking is no longer appropriate, as Rekohu populations of this species (treated in that paper as an unnamed entity
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
but now included in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see recognition above)) and all of the monitored New Zealand
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations are in decline, while the past total area of occupancy had been grossly under estimated. Based on current knowledge,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more appropriately assessed as 'Threatened / Nationally
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Endangered’">Endangered'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(criterion A(3/1) of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Townsend, AJ" journalOrPublisher="Bioinformatics" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="B86" refString="Townsend, AJ, de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Molloy, J, Miskelly, C, Duffy, C, 2008. The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http://www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classification-system-manual-2008/." title="The New Zealand Threat Classification System manual. Department of Conservation: Wellington. http: // www. doc. govt. nz / publications / conservation / nz-threat-classification-system / nz-threat-classification-system-manual- 2008 /" year="2008">Townsend et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) because the total area of occupancy of the sum of the populations is <10 ha, and evidence obtained from monitoring indicates that there is an ongoing decline predicted to be up to 50% over the next ten years due to increased plant mortality (causes of which are as yet unknown) and loss of habitat caused by competition from weeds and coastal erosion. To this assessment we append the qualifiers
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘CD’">'CD'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Conservation Dependent - because virtually all known populations are being managed),
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘EF’">'EF'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Extreme Fluctuation - because monitoring also indicates that this is a species that, despite the decline, is naturally prone to seasonal population fluctuations) and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘TO’">'TO'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Threatened Overseas - because, for the time being, we include Rekohu and Tasmanian plants within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see recognition), and in Tasmania
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also seriously threatened (A. Buchanan pers. comm.)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="hybridism">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Hybridism.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
On the Chatham Islands,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is occasionally found growing with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligodontum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium oligodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and putative hybrids have been collected when these species occur together. There is good evidence for the hybrid
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligodontum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium oligodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(represented by AK 294939,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. J. de Lange CH391</emphasis>
|
||
; AK 294942,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. J. de Lange CH394</emphasis>
|
||
; AK 295119,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. J. de Lange CH442 & J. W. D. Sawyer</emphasis>
|
||
). This hybrid is known from two sites on Chatham (Rekohu) Island where it is found in association with both parents. Like the parents, the hybrids have a decumbent growth habit. They share with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pinnatifid rosette leaves, but vegetative features of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligodontum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium oligodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are evident in the mid to upper stem leaves that are mostly spathulate to cuneiform (but with occasional deeply lobed margins to weakly pinnatifid leaves that are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The flowers of the hybrids have variable stamen numbers ranging from 1-5 per flower, compared to 2 in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 2-4-6 in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligodontum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium oligodontum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while pollen stainability varied from 80 to 85%. Seedlings raised from AK 295119 presented a bewildering array of foliage types grading into either parent. Unfortunately, through mishap these plants failed to reach maturity, so vouchers showing this are unavailable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Evidence for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is less convincing. This putative hybrid is known from only one gathering (AK 295155,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">P. J. de Lange CH426 & J. W. D. Sawyer</emphasis>
|
||
) which was collected in January 2006 from Cape Young, Rekohu, at a site where both parents grew. In the field, this specimen resembled
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely except that the plant was distinctly leafy and the upper stem foliage was more copious and larger than is usual for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As with all Rekohu gatherings of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this specimen lacked stem and marginal leaf denticles. Furthermore, as with both parents, there are two stamens per flower, and pollen stainability of this gathering was 98%. No fruiting material was present, and on a subsequent search of this site in 2007 the putative hybrid and its
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">parents</pageBreakToken>
|
||
had gone. This specimen may be a very well grown example of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but, as it appears anomalous alongside other Rekohu, New Zealand, and Australian gatherings of that species, we prefer to treat it as a putative
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lange & Heenan & Houliston & Rolfe & Mitchell" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rekohuense">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium rekohuense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
hybrid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The putative hybrid
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been recorded once, as a spontaneous plant arising in cultivation at the Auckland Regional Council Botanic Gardens (AK 228296 S. P. Benham s.n., AK 223492 S. P. Benham s.n.). The hybrid grew in a site where both parents (Scots Beach
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Stephens Island
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were planted together. The hybrid appeared from a seed lot gathered from the cultivated
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plant. It initially appeared to be different because it was much larger and more vigorous than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which it otherwise closely resembled (S. P. Benham pers. comm.). Over time, the hybrid developed weakly ascendant branches with rhomboid deeply serrated to pinnatifid mid and upper stem leaves, and flowers with 1-6 stamens. The hybrid appeared to be fully fertile, and seedlings raised from it showed clear segregation back to either parent (S. P. Benham pers. comm.). Again through mishap, these plants were lost before they reached maturity and specimens could be taken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |