999 lines
116 KiB
XML
999 lines
116 KiB
XML
<document id="57BF78B31661F3670C165CE93D7CEB0B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.182136" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89f06dbf-d0eb-4d31-a9ec-78df82bd6676" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="182136" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459851785940" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cuevas, César C." docDate="2008" docId="A670EF02FFE3FFBD4AABFBBCC319DBF6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01771p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1771" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Alsodes norae Cuevas, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="5A49977AFFE1FFB44A3CFFA6C10DDA3C" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Alsodes (Anura: Neobatrachia) from the Nothofagus forest, Coastal Range, Southern Chile, identified by its karyotype" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="43" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698225357717" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="E018EA4CFC361C4387255C8DBDD9AE72" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="76F3906C4C3F0EABFFE7770CEFCB004D">
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<mods:title id="8516633EBAADB4ADE55F78DFD5CAAEF3">A new species of the genus Alsodes (Anura: Neobatrachia) from the Nothofagus forest, Coastal Range, Southern Chile, identified by its karyotype</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="81EB97F7B8706FB5EE09F4BFC9EA13D2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B57408AE51097F262BDDE29049C7C056">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E85C89240CCF0470070292B3FD6BBA87">Cuevas, César C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="99386623D5EE091E355309CF7E970107">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2429F5933CDD0F535D404D45011DD4C2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C47FBF0932EABC29BE14AB81DAE567CE">
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<mods:date id="CA16742B6F955C7E7FB4D3F174FB2978">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6BA3E83EDEB629CEEECBA6165DC81FDF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7833FBA19D897B1F2F34CB7C947FDF6C">1771</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C4FDEADD1D63C9C047342948BC4CB772">43</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0DB97C04CD41AA5B69D4DB9D1BB4890C">53</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="BD1E61B607F01D42B533A3FC2DD0FF8F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EC7423A95A7DED593FB35CAC3A8857F6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.182136</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5D0F12217802883AB7BF1B4EE4511919" type="GBIF-Dataset">89f06dbf-d0eb-4d31-a9ec-78df82bd6676</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="88DE14C1263D8FD10B3220F891341EB9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F9140327D2CCF3B11D07C9D505B20279" type="Zenodo-Dep">182136</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="A670EF02FFE3FFBD4AABFBBCC319DBF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619358" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119362560" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619358" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A670EF02FFE3FFBD4AABFBBCC319DBF6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A670EF02FFE3FFBD4AABFBBCC319DBF6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="66C30D9FFFE3FFB64AABFBBCC01CDE6B" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE3FFB64AABFBBCC0ABDE08" blockId="2.[151,422,1050,1111]" box="[151,422,1050,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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||
<heading id="752EE978FFE3FFB64AABFBBCC0ABDE08" bold="true" box="[151,422,1050,1076]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64AABFBBCC0ABDE08" bold="true" box="[151,422,1050,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB64AABFBBCC04CDE08" box="[151,321,1050,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64AABFBBCC04CDE08" bold="true" box="[151,321,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="079E3F7DFFE3FFB64B74FBBCC0ABDE08" box="[328,422,1050,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE3FFB64AABFB9BC01CDE6B" blockId="2.[151,422,1050,1111]" box="[151,273,1085,1111]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">(figs. 2, 3)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66C30D9FFFE3FFB64AABFB2BC008DFAB" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE3FFB64AABFB2BC035DF23" blockId="2.[151,1437,1165,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64AABFB2BC01DDE9B" bold="true" box="[151,272,1165,1191]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE3FFB64AABFB2BC006DE9B" box="[151,267,1165,1191]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="48C8C6D1FFE3FFB64B2BFB2BC050DE9B" box="[279,349,1165,1191]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tii4-3eeh" name="Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Zoologia" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">IZUA</collectionCode>
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3541, an adult male with well developed sexual secondary attributes collected by César Cuevas, Javiera Cuevas, and Ignacio Cuevas, on
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<date id="5A6778D4FFE3FFB6488EFB13C258DEF3" box="[690,853,1205,1231]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" value="2006-05-12">12 May 2006</date>
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; Parque Oncol (
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<geoCoordinate id="4BED38D3FFE3FFB64E2BFB13C575DEF3" box="[1047,1144,1205,1231]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="-39.683334">39º41’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4BED38D3FFE3FFB64EBAFB13C5FCDEF3" box="[1158,1265,1205,1231]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="-73.3">73º18’W</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<quantity id="E921F3F1FFE3FFB64EC3FB13C446DEF3" box="[1279,1355,1205,1231]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="720.0">720 m</quantity>
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elevation;
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<quantity id="E921F3F1FFE3FFB64AEAFB7BC02EDECB" box="[214,291,1245,1271]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" unit="km" value="29.0">29 km</quantity>
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NW, 35 minutes by road from Valdivia city), Valdivia Province, Western slopes of the Coastal range (fig. 1).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE3FFB64AF9FA8BC008DFAB" blockId="2.[151,1437,1165,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64AF9FA8BC047DF7B" bold="true" box="[197,330,1325,1351]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE3FFB64AF9FA8BC049DF7B" box="[197,324,1325,1351]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="48C8C6D1FFE3FFB64B6FFA8BC094DF7B" box="[339,409,1325,1351]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tii4-3eeh" name="Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Zoologia" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">IZUA</collectionCode>
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3534-3535: two males,
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<collectionCode id="48C8C6D1FFE3FFB64885FA8BC3F2DF7B" box="[697,767,1325,1351]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tii4-3eeh" name="Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Zoologia" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">IZUA</collectionCode>
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3536, 3540; two females, and
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<collectionCode id="48C8C6D1FFE3FFB64E52FA8BC5B9DF7B" box="[1134,1204,1325,1351]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tii4-3eeh" name="Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Zoologia" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">IZUA</collectionCode>
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3537 – 3539; three juveniles, collected on
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<date id="5A6778D4FFE3FFB64B91FAF3C330DF53" box="[429,573,1365,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" value="2003-05-05">5 may 2003</date>
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by César Cuevas and Javiera Cuevas at the
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<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE3FFB64E66FAF3C580DF53" box="[1114,1165,1365,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
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locality. Same data as
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<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE3FFB64AABFADBC00FDFAB" box="[151,258,1405,1431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66C30D9FFFE3FFB74AFAFA03C582DB9E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE3FFB64AFAFA03C37CDCEB" blockId="2.[151,1437,1165,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64AFAFA03C04BDF83" bold="true" box="[198,326,1445,1471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB64B72FA03C0F8DF82" box="[334,501,1445,1470]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64B72FA03C0F8DF82" box="[334,501,1445,1470]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64BC1FA03C356DF83" bold="true" box="[509,603,1445,1471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="079E3F7DFFE3FFB64BC1FA03C356DF83" box="[509,603,1445,1471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: 1) maximum snout-vent length in males (SVL) 61.4 mm, 2) spine of contrasting vivid, yellow and black colours, 3) head with yellowish triangle between anterior border of the eyes and the snout tip, 4) snout slightly truncated in dorsal and lateral profile, 5) iris brilliant bronze-yellowish, 6) postocular fold well developed extending beyond of the insertions of arms, 7) flanks very granular, 8) Inner palmar tubercle oval and enlarged, bigger than the outer, 9) carpal elements of hands cartilaginous, 10) dorsum of legs with thin dark transversal bars, 11) toes thin, long and strongly fringed, 12) 2n = 30 (22 biarmed and 8 uniarmed chromosomes), FN = 52, 13) NOR on pair 4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE3FFB74AF9F943C582DB9E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1165,2031]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,418]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64AF9F943C067DCC3" bold="true" box="[197,362,1765,1791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Comparison:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB64B48F943C311DCC2" box="[372,540,1765,1790]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64B48F943C311DCC2" box="[372,540,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB64959F943C51FDCC2" box="[869,1042,1765,1790]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64959F943C51FDCC2" box="[869,1042,1765,1790]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">A. valdiviensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because the new species present the carpal elements cartilaginous (ossified in
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB64888F8ABC26CDD1A" box="[692,865,1805,1831]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64888F8ABC3CBDD1A" box="[692,710,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB648EBF8ABC26CDD1A" box="[727,865,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">valdiviensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). The new species differs of
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB64EFDF8ABC43BDD1A" box="[1217,1334,1805,1830]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrioi">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64EFDF8ABC43BDD1A" box="[1217,1334,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">A. barrioi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because this species possesses a strongly truncated snout, and little developed palmar, metatarsal and subarticular tubercles. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB64BF8F8FBC354DD4A" box="[452,601,1885,1910]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinii">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64BF8F8FBC354DD4A" box="[452,601,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">A. vanzolinii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, because this species has the loreal region flat (concave in
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB64F18F8FBC487DD4A" box="[1316,1418,1885,1910]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64F18F8FBC487DD4A" box="[1316,1418,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">A. norae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and the postocular fold reaching only the insertion of arms (beyond in
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB649F2F823C53EDDA2" box="[974,1075,1925,1950]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB649F2F823C53EDDA2" box="[974,1075,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">A. norae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). It differs from
|
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB64ECBF823C47ADDA2" box="[1271,1399,1925,1950]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64ECBF823C47ADDA2" box="[1271,1399,1925,1950]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">A. nodosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the form of nuptial bilateral patches on the chest. In
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB648C9F80BC278DDFA" box="[757,885,1965,1990]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB648C9F80BC278DDFA" box="[757,885,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">A. nodosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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these are formed by eight to nine little rounded patches composed of tiny thorns (a big one in
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB648F9F873C221DDD2" box="[709,812,2005,2030]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB648F9F873C221DDD2" box="[709,812,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">A. norae</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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). From the chromosome perspective,
|
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE3FFB64ECFF873C496DDD2" box="[1267,1435,2005,2030]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE3FFB64ECFF873C496DDD2" box="[1267,1435,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="45">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB748BAFF3EC3ECDA8D" box="[646,737,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB748BAFF3EC3ECDA8D" box="[646,737,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Alsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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species from the Coastal Range;
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<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74E54FF3EC03FDAE5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB74E54FF3EC418DA8D" box="[1128,1301,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">A. valdiviensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB74F1DFF3EC495DA8D" box="[1313,1432,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrioi">A. barrioi</taxonomicName>
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,
|
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<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB74AABFF66C023DAE5" box="[151,302,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinii">A. vanzolinii</taxonomicName>
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,
|
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</emphasis>
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and
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74B50FF66C0FEDAE5" box="[364,499,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB74B50FF66C0FDDAE5" box="[364,496,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">A. nodosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
because these species have 2n = 26; NF = 52, 2n = 34; NF = 52, 2n = 26; NF = 50, and 2n = 22; NF = 44 respectively. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB748E0FF4EC232DB3D" box="[732,831,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB748E0FF4EC232DB3D" box="[732,831,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">A. norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has four uniarmed pairs (fig. 4), contrasting with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB74FBFFF4EC1E7DB15" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74FBFFF4EC1E7DB15" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">A. barrioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(eight),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB74B6CFEB6C0EBDB15" box="[336,486,272,297]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74B6CFEB6C0EBDB15" box="[336,486,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">A. vanzolinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(one) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB74854FEB6C219DB15" box="[616,788,272,298]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74854FEB6C377DB15" box="[616,634,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB748B6FEB6C219DB15" box="[650,788,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">valdiviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 6A, all biarmed pairs). When C-banding patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB74A8BFE9EC053DB6D" box="[183,350,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74A8BFE9EC053DB6D" box="[183,350,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are compared with those of other species, the five species located in the Coastal Range display autoapomorphic patterns of C- bands (fig. 5). Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB7496EFEC6C2B5DB45" box="[850,952,352,377]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB7496EFEC6C2B5DB45" box="[850,952,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">A. norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is restricted to a very small area and has not been encountered in sympatry with any of the other congeneric species (see fig. 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="7AA60E9CFFE2FFB74AABFC3DC550D98E" box="[151,1117,923,947]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182138/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[378,1194,477,894]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE2FFB74AABFC3DC550D98E" blockId="3.[151,1117,923,947]" box="[151,1117,923,947]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74AABFC3DC014D98F" bold="true" box="[151,281,923,947]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB74B9AFC3DC333D98E" box="[422,574,923,946]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74B9AFC3DC333D98E" box="[422,574,923,946]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A) Lateral view, (B) dorsal view. Bar equal 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7AA60E9CFFE2FFB74AABFC43C233DE7E" ID-Table-UUID="7AA60E9CFFE2FFB74AABFC43C233DE7E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7AA60E9CFFE2FFB74AABFC43C233DE7E" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[159,1426,1123,1448]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE2FFB74AABFC43C233DE7E" blockId="3.[151,1436,997,1090]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74AABFC43C004D9C1" bold="true" box="[151,265,997,1021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (mm) of the type series, adults and juveniles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB7498CFC40C544D9C1" box="[944,1097,998,1021]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB7498CFC40C544D9C1" box="[944,1097,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="079E3F7DFFE2FFB74E73FC43C5A8D9C1" box="[1103,1189,997,1021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74E73FC43C5A8D9C1" bold="true" box="[1103,1189,997,1021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Character abreviations are: SVL, snout vent length; HL, head length; HW, head width; ED, eye distance; IDi, internarial distance; ThL, thigh length; TL, tibia length; FL, Foot length. * Cleared and stained.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE2FFB74AA3FBC5C447DF94" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<table id="5CD9ACB4FFE2004B4AA3FBC5C49FDF94" box="[159,1426,1123,1448]" gridcols="7" gridrows="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE2004B4AA3FBC5C49FDE44" box="[159,1426,1123,1144]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4AA3FBC5C080DE44" box="[159,397,1123,1144]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Characters Holotype</th>
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4B8DFBC5C32DDE44" box="[433,544,1123,1144]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Paratype</th>
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B487FFBC5C3BFDE44" box="[579,690,1123,1144]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Paratype</th>
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B48E8FBC5C24EDE44" box="[724,835,1123,1144]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Paratype</th>
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B495BFBC5C2DBDE44" box="[871,982,1123,1144]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Paratype</th>
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B49C6FBC5C564DE44" box="[1018,1129,1123,1144]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Paratype</th>
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4EB1FBC5C49FDE44" box="[1165,1426,1123,1144]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Paratype Paratype</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE2004B4AA3FB26C49FDEA9" box="[159,1426,1152,1173]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4AA3FB26C080DEA9" box="[159,397,1152,1173]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">IZUA 3541</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4B8DFB26C32DDEA9" box="[433,544,1152,1173]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">IZUA 3534</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B487FFB26C3BFDEA9" box="[579,690,1152,1173]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">IZUA 3535</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B48E8FB26C24EDEA9" box="[724,835,1152,1173]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">IZUA 3536</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B495BFB26C2DBDEA9" box="[871,982,1152,1173]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">IZUA 3537</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B49C6FB26C564DEA9" box="[1018,1129,1152,1173]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">IZUA 3538</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4EB1FB26C49FDEA9" box="[1165,1426,1152,1173]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">IZUA 3539 IZUA 3540</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE2004B4AA3FB38C49FDE8F" box="[159,1426,1182,1203]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4AA3FB38C080DE8F" box="[159,397,1182,1203]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">male</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4B8DFB38C32DDE8F" box="[433,544,1182,1203]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">male</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B487FFB38C3BFDE8F" box="[579,690,1182,1203]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">male</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B48E8FB38C24EDE8F" box="[724,835,1182,1203]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">female</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B495BFB38C2DBDE8F" box="[871,982,1182,1203]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">female</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B49C6FB38C564DE8F" box="[1018,1129,1182,1203]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">juvenile</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4EB1FB38C49FDE8F" box="[1165,1426,1182,1203]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">juvenile female *</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE2004B4AA3FB60C49FDEE7" box="[159,1426,1222,1243]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4AA3FB60C080DEE7" box="[159,397,1222,1243]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">SVL 61.4</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4B8DFB60C32DDEE7" box="[433,544,1222,1243]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">48.1</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B487FFB60C3BFDEE7" box="[579,690,1222,1243]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">36.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B48E8FB60C24EDEE7" box="[724,835,1222,1243]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">35.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B495BFB60C2DBDEE7" box="[871,982,1222,1243]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">30.6</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B49C6FB60C564DEE7" box="[1018,1129,1222,1243]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">29.9</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4EB1FB60C49FDEE7" box="[1165,1426,1222,1243]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">28.9 46.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE2004B4AA3FB45C49FDEC4" box="[159,1426,1251,1272]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4AA3FB45C080DEC4" box="[159,397,1251,1272]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">HL 23.2</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4B8DFB45C32DDEC4" box="[433,544,1251,1272]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">18.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B487FFB45C3BFDEC4" box="[579,690,1251,1272]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">13.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B48E8FB45C24EDEC4" box="[724,835,1251,1272]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">13.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B495BFB45C2DBDEC4" box="[871,982,1251,1272]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">12.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B49C6FB45C564DEC4" box="[1018,1129,1251,1272]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">10.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4EB1FB45C49FDEC4" box="[1165,1426,1251,1272]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">10.5 17.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE2004B4AA3FAA6C49FDF29" box="[159,1426,1280,1301]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4AA3FAA6C080DF29" box="[159,397,1280,1301]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">HW 24.0</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4B8DFAA6C32DDF29" box="[433,544,1280,1301]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">20.3</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B487FFAA6C3BFDF29" box="[579,690,1280,1301]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B48E8FAA6C24EDF29" box="[724,835,1280,1301]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">13.5</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B495BFAA6C2DBDF29" box="[871,982,1280,1301]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">12.7</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B49C6FAA6C564DF29" box="[1018,1129,1280,1301]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">11.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4EB1FAA6C49FDF29" box="[1165,1426,1280,1301]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">11.9 17.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE2004B4AA3FAB8C49FDF0F" box="[159,1426,1310,1331]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4AA3FAB8C080DF0F" box="[159,397,1310,1331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">ED 8.9</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4B8DFAB8C32DDF0F" box="[433,544,1310,1331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">5.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B487FFAB8C3BFDF0F" box="[579,690,1310,1331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">4.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B48E8FAB8C24EDF0F" box="[724,835,1310,1331]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">4.9</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B495BFAB8C2DBDF0F" box="[871,982,1310,1331]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B49C6FAB8C564DF0F" box="[1018,1129,1310,1331]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4EB1FAB8C49FDF0F" box="[1165,1426,1310,1331]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">3.9 5.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE2004B4AA3FA9DC49FDF6C" box="[159,1426,1339,1360]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4AA3FA9DC080DF6C" box="[159,397,1339,1360]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">IDi 5.6</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4B8DFA9DC32DDF6C" box="[433,544,1339,1360]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">4.6</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B487FFA9DC3BFDF6C" box="[579,690,1339,1360]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B48E8FA9DC24EDF6C" box="[724,835,1339,1360]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">3.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B495BFA9DC2DBDF6C" box="[871,982,1339,1360]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B49C6FA9DC564DF6C" box="[1018,1129,1339,1360]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4EB1FA9DC49FDF6C" box="[1165,1426,1339,1360]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">3.4 5.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE2004B4AA3FAFEC49FDF51" box="[159,1426,1368,1389]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4AA3FAFEC080DF51" box="[159,397,1368,1389]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">ThL 32.1</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4B8DFAFEC32DDF51" box="[433,544,1368,1389]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">24.5</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B487FFAFEC3BFDF51" box="[579,690,1368,1389]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">17.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B48E8FAFEC24EDF51" box="[724,835,1368,1389]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">15.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B495BFAFEC2DBDF51" box="[871,982,1368,1389]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">15.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B49C6FAFEC564DF51" box="[1018,1129,1368,1389]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">14.1</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4EB1FAFEC49FDF51" box="[1165,1426,1368,1389]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">14.0 22. 8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE2004B4AA3FAD0C49FDFB7" box="[159,1426,1398,1419]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4AA3FAD0C080DFB7" box="[159,397,1398,1419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">TL 31.9</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4B8DFAD0C32DDFB7" box="[433,544,1398,1419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">26.6</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B487FFAD0C3BFDFB7" box="[579,690,1398,1419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">16.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B48E8FAD0C24EDFB7" box="[724,835,1398,1419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">15.9</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B495BFAD0C2DBDFB7" box="[871,982,1398,1419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">14.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B49C6FAD0C564DFB7" box="[1018,1129,1398,1419]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">13.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4EB1FAD0C49FDFB7" box="[1165,1426,1398,1419]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">12.4 22.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE2004B4AA3FA35C49FDF94" box="[159,1426,1427,1448]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE2004B4AA3FA35C080DF94" box="[159,397,1427,1448]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">FL 51.3</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4B8DFA35C32DDF94" box="[433,544,1427,1448]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">43.7</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B487FFA35C3BFDF94" box="[579,690,1427,1448]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">24.9</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B48E8FA35C24EDF94" box="[724,835,1427,1448]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">24.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B495BFA35C2DBDF94" box="[871,982,1427,1448]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">22.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B49C6FA35C564DF94" box="[1018,1129,1427,1448]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">20.9</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE2004B4EB1FA35C49FDF94" box="[1165,1426,1427,1448]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">20.8 34.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66C30D9FFFE2FFB14AFAFA53C5BCDD9A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE2FFB04AFAFA53C230DAEB" blockId="3.[151,1436,1525,2037]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,215]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74AFAFA53C321DC33" bold="true" box="[198,556,1525,1551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE2FFB74B88FA53C325DC33" box="[436,552,1525,1551]" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A male with body robust, arms and legs well developed. SVL 61.4 mm. Head depressed 1.1 times wider than long. Snout slightly truncated in dorsal and lateral profiles (fig. 2 A, B).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE2FFB74AABF9E7C068DC66" box="[151,357,1601,1626]" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Canthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rostralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE2FFB74AABF9E7C068DC66" box="[151,357,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
well developed slightly curved. Loreal region slightly concave in cross section and skin smooth. Nostrils located anterolaterally, nearest to the tip of the snout than anterior border of the eyes. Eye diameter near 1:1 the eye-nostril distance. Interorbital distance 1.6 times internarial distance. Tympanum absent, postocular fold well developed extending beyond the insertion of arms. Tongue rounded, with a notch at the tip. Choanae rounded; dentigerous processes (4 - 5) of vomer between the choanae. Forelimbs of male not hypertrophied. Fingers long with white rounded tips, in order of increasing length: I = II – III – IV. Webbing on hand absent. Palmar tubercles well developed; the inner bigger than the outer which is divided in two (fig. 3A). Male with dorsal surface of first and second finger with thorny excrescences (fig. 3B).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56CE1E84FFE2FFB74F24F8E0C45EDD5C" box="[1304,1363,1862,1888]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="46">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limbs normally developed. Tibiotarsal joint reaches the anterior border of the eye. Toes long, thin, with white rounded tips and strongly fringed, in order of increasing lengths: I – II – III – V – IV (fig. 3C). Inner metatarsal tubercle oval and prominent. Tarsal fold well developed, covering ¾ of the tarsus. Flanks very granular; dorsal surface of body moderate in rough aspect. Arms, legs and ventral surface of body smooth. Skin around vent and posterior thighs grainy. Chest of male with two clearly delimited bilateral rounded patches (fig. 3D). Measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE5FFB04BA8FF1BC0CADAEB" box="[404,455,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series are shown in the
|
||
<tableCitation id="635B6BAFFFE5FFB048E3FF1BC23ADAEB" box="[735,823,189,215]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,997,1021]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,1123,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of the type series, adults and juveniles of Alsodes norae sp. nov. Character abreviations are: SVL, snout vent length; HL, head length; HW, head width; ED, eye distance; IDi, internarial distance; ThL, thigh length; TL, tibia length; FL, Foot length. * Cleared and stained." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7AA60E9CFFE2FFB74AABFC43C233DE7E" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" tableUuid="7AA60E9CFFE2FFB74AABFC43C233DE7E">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AA60E9CFFE5FFB04AABFE81C1CBDB5E" ID-Table-UUID="7AA60E9CFFE5FFB04AABFE81C1CBDB5E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7AA60E9CFFE5FFB04AABFE81C1CBDB5E" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[159,1417,386,577]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE5FFB04AABFE81C1CBDB5E" blockId="4.[151,1435,295,354]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE5FFB04AABFE81C006DB03" bold="true" box="[151,267,295,319]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Relative length, arm ratio (mean and standard deviation), and types of chromosomes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE5FFB04EE5FE8EC47EDB03" box="[1241,1395,296,319]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE5FFB04EE5FE8EC47EDB03" box="[1241,1395,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="079E3F7DFFE5FFB04F40FE81C1CBDB5E" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE5FFB04AA3FE24C465D803" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<table id="5CD9ACB4FFE5004B4AA3FE24C484D87D" box="[159,1417,386,577]" gridcols="15" gridrows="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE5004B4AA3FE24C484DBAB" box="[159,1417,386,407]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-11="1" rowspan-12="1" rowspan-13="1" rowspan-14="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1" rowspan-8="1" rowspan-9="1">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE5004B4AA3FE24C027DBAB" box="[159,298,386,407]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Chromosomes</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE5004B4AA3FE0CC484DB83" box="[159,1417,426,447]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE5004B4AA3FE0CC027DB83" box="[159,298,426,447]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">1</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4B75FE0CC086DB83" box="[329,395,426,447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">2</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4B9DFE0CC0D0DB83" box="[417,477,426,447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">3</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4BC6FE0CC33DDB83" box="[506,560,426,447]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">4</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B487BFE0CC370DB83" box="[583,637,426,447]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">5</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B48AFFE0CC3C4DB83" box="[659,713,426,447]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">6</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B48DDFE0CC21ADB83" box="[737,791,426,447]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">7</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4912FE0CC26EDB83" box="[814,867,426,447]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">8</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4946FE0CC2BDDB83" box="[890,944,426,447]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">9</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B49FBFE0CC2F0DB83" box="[967,1021,426,447]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">10</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E2FFE0CC544DB83" box="[1043,1097,426,447]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">11</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E5CFE0CC59BDB83" box="[1120,1174,426,447]" gridcol="11" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">12</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E90FE0CC5EFDB83" box="[1196,1250,426,447]" gridcol="12" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">13</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4EC5FE0CC422DB83" box="[1273,1327,426,447]" gridcol="13" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">14</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4F6FFE0CC484DB83" box="[1363,1417,426,447]" gridcol="14" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE5004B4AA3FE74C484DBD6" box="[159,1417,466,490]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE5004B4AA3FE74C027DBD6" box="[159,298,466,490]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">RL a 111.94</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4B75FE74C086DBD6" box="[329,395,466,490]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">101.13</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4B9DFE74C0D0DBD6" box="[417,477,466,490]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">92.83</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4BC6FE74C33DDBD6" box="[506,560,466,490]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">88.67</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B487BFE74C370DBD6" box="[583,637,466,490]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">80.12</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B48AFFE74C3C4DBD6" box="[659,713,466,490]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">71.82</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B48DDFE74C21ADBD6" box="[737,791,466,490]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">69.93</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4912FE74C26EDBD6" box="[814,867,466,490]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">62.11</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4946FE74C2BDDBD6" box="[890,944,466,490]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">59.43</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B49FBFE74C2F0DBD6" box="[967,1021,466,490]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">54.38</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E2FFE74C544DBD6" box="[1043,1097,466,490]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">48.77</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E5CFE74C59BDBD6" box="[1120,1174,466,490]" gridcol="11" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">46.34</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E90FE74C5EFDBD6" box="[1196,1250,466,490]" gridcol="12" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">39.76</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4EC5FE74C422DBD6" box="[1273,1327,466,490]" gridcol="13" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">39.28</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4F6FFE74C484DBD6" box="[1363,1417,466,490]" gridcol="14" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">32.52</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE5004B4AA3FE5AC484D82B" box="[159,1417,508,535]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE5004B4AA3FE5AC027D82B" box="[159,298,508,535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">AR b 1.15</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4B75FE5AC086D82B" box="[329,395,508,535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">3.31</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4B9DFE5AC0D0D82B" box="[417,477,508,535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">3.74</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4BC6FE5AC33DD82B" box="[506,560,508,535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">1.62</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B487BFE5AC370D82B" box="[583,637,508,535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">3.12</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B48AFFE5AC3C4D82B" box="[659,713,508,535]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">∞</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B48DDFE5AC21AD82B" box="[737,791,508,535]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">1.88</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4912FE5AC26ED82B" box="[814,867,508,535]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">∞</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4946FE5AC2BDD82B" box="[890,944,508,535]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">1.97</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B49FBFE5AC2F0D82B" box="[967,1021,508,535]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">1.30</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E2FFE5AC544D82B" box="[1043,1097,508,535]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">∞</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E5CFE5AC59BD82B" box="[1120,1174,508,535]" gridcol="11" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">∞</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E90FE5AC5EFD82B" box="[1196,1250,508,535]" gridcol="12" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">1.38</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4EC5FE5AC422D82B" box="[1273,1327,508,535]" gridcol="13" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">1.39</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4F6FFE5AC484D82B" box="[1363,1417,508,535]" gridcol="14" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">1.29</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90E95C56FFE5004B4AA3FD8CC484D87D" box="[159,1417,554,577]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<th id="D338352AFFE5004B4AA3FD8CC027D87D" box="[159,298,554,577]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">CC c M</th>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4B75FD8CC086D87D" box="[329,395,554,577]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ST</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4B9DFD8CC0D0D87D" box="[417,477,554,577]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ST</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4BC6FD8CC33DD87D" box="[506,560,554,577]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">M*</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B487BFD8CC370D87D" box="[583,637,554,577]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">ST</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B48AFFD8CC3C4D87D" box="[659,713,554,577]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">T</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B48DDFD8CC21AD87D" box="[737,791,554,577]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">SM</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4912FD8CC26ED87D" box="[814,867,554,577]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">T</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4946FD8CC2BDD87D" box="[890,944,554,577]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">SM</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B49FBFD8CC2F0D87D" box="[967,1021,554,577]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">M</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E2FFD8CC544D87D" box="[1043,1097,554,577]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">T</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E5CFD8CC59BD87D" box="[1120,1174,554,577]" gridcol="11" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">T</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4E90FD8CC5EFD87D" box="[1196,1250,554,577]" gridcol="12" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">M</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4EC5FD8CC422D87D" box="[1273,1327,554,577]" gridcol="13" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">M</td>
|
||
<td id="D338352AFFE5004B4F6FFD8CC484D87D" box="[1363,1417,554,577]" gridcol="14" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">M</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE5FFB04AABFDCCC56DD89A" blockId="4.[151,1436,618,678]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
a According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE5FFB04B0BFDCAC0B3D8BF" author="Bogart" box="[311,446,620,643]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Bogart, J. P. (1970) Systematic problems in the amphibian family Leptodactylidae (Anura) as indicated by karyotypic analysis. Cytogenetics, 9, 369 - 383." type="journal article" year="1970">Bogart 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b long arm / short arm, and c 1.0 – 1.7 = M = metacentric; 1.8 – 3.0 = SM = submetacentric; 3.1 – 7.0 = st = subtelocentric; 7.1 - ∞ = T = telocentric. * Secondary constriction position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AA60E9CFFE5FFB04AABF909C059DD3A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182139/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[266,1320,721,1692]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE5FFB04AABF909C059DD3A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1711,1798]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE5FFB04AABF909C017DCFB" bold="true" box="[151,282,1711,1735]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological details of the male holotype IZUA 3541 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE5FFB049A1F909C53BDCFA" box="[925,1078,1711,1734]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE5FFB049A1F909C53BDCFA" box="[925,1078,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Left hand (A) palmar attributes, (B) nuptial asperities. Left foot (C) plantar surfaces. Chest (D) ventral view with nuptial pad. Pectoral girdle (E) arciferal. Bars equal 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE5FFB04AFAF892C504DD4B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1844,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE5FFB04AFAF892C085DD72" bold="true" box="[198,392,1844,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Pectoral girdle.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE5FFB04BF4F893C320DD73" box="[456,557,1845,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
IZUA 3540 has the pectoral girdle arciferal and the xiphisternum notoriously expanded and deeply notched with a little hole in the centre (fig. 3E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE5FFB14AFAF822C312DAE6" blockId="4.[151,1436,1844,2031]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE5FFB04AFAF822C07EDDA2" bold="true" box="[198,371,1924,1950]" pageId="4" pageNumber="47">Colour in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal ground of head, forelimbs, hindlimbs and body of vivid yellow colour with moderately granular appearance. A dark bat figure with spread wings is observed along the dorsum of head ending at the middle of body. Hindlimbs dorsally with thin dark transversal bars. Ventral surface of thighs yellowish in colour in the groin region. Venter light cream with dark reticulations. Upper part of the iris golden yellowish with black reticulations (fig. 2A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AA60E9CFFE4FFB14AABFC2FC392D9FF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182140/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[545,1043,281,874]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE4FFB14AABFC2FC392D9FF" blockId="5.[151,1436,905,963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE4FFB14AABFC2FC014D99D" bold="true" box="[151,281,905,929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Chromosomes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE4FFB14BE2FC2FC37BD99C" box="[478,630,905,928]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE4FFB14BE2FC2FC37BD99C" box="[478,630,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A) Standard karyotypes, (B) C-banded karyotype, (C) secondary constriction and (D) nucleolus organizer region position.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE4FFB14AFAFC55C36FDEEA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1011,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE4FFB14AFAFC55C3A1DE31" bold="true" box="[198,684,1011,1037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Colour in preservative (alcohol 70 %).</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE4FFB148D5FC52C25DDE32" box="[745,848,1012,1038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(IZUA 3541) has the dorsal ground of head, forelimbs, hind limbs and body slight grey with a dark bat-like figure with spread wings in form, starting from the middle of eyes until the insertion of arms, ending towards the vent as many parallel longitudinal lines in appearance (fig. 2B). Head with a light gray triangle between eyes and the tip of the snout. A dark line extends over postocular fold. Belly, throat, ventral areas of arms and thighs whitish in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE4FFB14EBDFB32C5E6DE92" box="[1153,1259,1172,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but with dark reticulations in the younger specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE4FFB14AFAFB45C3F9DF4A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1011,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE4FFB14AFAFB45C04CDEC1" bold="true" box="[198,321,1251,1277]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
One female (IZUA 3537), a preadult (IZUA 3534) and a juvenile (IZUA 3538) exhibit the same general characteristics of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE4FFB1480DFAAAC395DF1A" box="[561,664,1292,1318]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with some minor differences. The dorsum, flanks, and dorsal surfaces of the legs are covered with minute granules. The postocular fold reaches the middle of the body. Measurements of these specimens are shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="635B6BAFFFE4FFB148ABFAFAC3E2DF4A" box="[663,751,1372,1398]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,997,1021]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,1123,1448]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of the type series, adults and juveniles of Alsodes norae sp. nov. Character abreviations are: SVL, snout vent length; HL, head length; HW, head width; ED, eye distance; IDi, internarial distance; ThL, thigh length; TL, tibia length; FL, Foot length. * Cleared and stained." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7AA60E9CFFE2FFB74AABFC43C233DE7E" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="7AA60E9CFFE2FFB74AABFC43C233DE7E">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE4FFB14AFAFA25C06BDC8A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1011,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE4FFB14AFAFA25C08DDFA1" bold="true" box="[198,384,1411,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Chromosomes.</emphasis>
|
||
Chromosomal polymorphisms among individuals analyzed were not detected. So, the standard karyotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE4FFB14BA0FA0AC34FDFF9" box="[412,578,1452,1477]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE4FFB14BA0FA0AC34FDFF9" box="[412,578,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE4FFB14875FA0DC3ABDFF9" bold="true" box="[585,678,1451,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="079E3F7DFFE4FFB14875FA0DC3ABDFF9" box="[585,678,1451,1477]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
possesses a diploid number of 30 chromosomes (eleven biarmed and four uniarmed pairs) with a fundamental number (FN) 52. A moderate gap size it is discernible between pairs 5 and 6. According to their relative lengths, pairs 1 – 2 are large (> 100 units), 3 – 5 intermediate (80 – 100 units) and 6 – 15 are small (<80 units). By their centromeric ratio (r), pairs 1, 4, 10, 13 – 15 are metacentric (M); 7 and 9 submetacentric (SM); 2, 3 and 5 subtelocentric (ST), and 6, 8, 11 and 12 telocentric (T). A secondary constriction of
|
||
<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE4FFB14BF9F9D2C0F5DCB2" box="[453,504,1652,1678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
IV (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE4FFB14811F9D2C3A1DCB2" author="King" box="[557,684,1652,1678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="53" refString="King, M. (1980) C-banding studies on Australian hylid frogs: Secondary constriction structure and the concept of euchromatin transformation. Chromosoma, 80, 191 - 217." type="journal article" year="1980">King 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was detected on the long arm of pair 4 (M). Karyotype data are shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="635B6BAFFFE4FFB14B35F93AC06EDC8A" box="[265,355,1692,1718]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,239,295,319]" captionTargetBox="[159,1417,386,577]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Relative length, arm ratio (mean and standard deviation), and types of chromosomes of Alsodes norae sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7AA60E9CFFE5FFB04AABFE81C1CBDB5E" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" tableUuid="7AA60E9CFFE5FFB04AABFE81C1CBDB5E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE4FFB14AF9F962C5BCDD9A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1011,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">The C-banded karyotype (fig. 4B) exhibits: centromeric bands on all except pairs 6, 7, 11, 12, and 13; telomeric bands on short arms of pairs 1, 3, and 5; paracentromeric bands on telocentric pairs 8, 10, 11 and 12, and interstitial bands on both short and long arms of pair 1, and in long arms of pairs 5, 7 and 14. Finally, heterochromatic blocks were detected on long arms of pairs 2, 3, and 6. The C-banded ideogram is represented in the figure 5B. Silver staining of chromosomes showed the NORs (with tandem duplication, fig. 4D) to be located within the secondary (nucleolar) constrictions on the short arm of pair 4 (fig. 4C).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66C30D9FFFE4FFB34AFAF815C1EED886" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE4FFB14AFAF815C491DDCA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1011,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE4FFB14AFAF815C30FDDF1" bold="true" box="[198,514,1971,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE4FFB149C9F812C52ADDF2" box="[1013,1063,1972,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Parque Oncol, a small woody area of only 754 ha, recognized as a fragment of the original Valdivian rain forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE4FFB14E88F87AC482DDCA" author="Veblen" box="[1204,1423,2012,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="53" refString="Veblen, T. T., Schlegel, F. M. & Oltremari, J. V. (1980) Temperate broad-leaved evergreen forest of South America. In: Ovington J. D. (Ed). Temperate broad-leaved evergreen forests. Elsevier Science Publishers, Printed in The Netherlands. Amsterdam, pp. 5 - 31." type="book chapter" year="1980">
|
||
Veblen
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE4FFB14F33F87AC44FDDC9" box="[1295,1346,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AA60E9CFFE7FFB24AABF83EC3EADDEE" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182141/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[328,1249,219,1913]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE7FFB24AABF83EC3EADDEE" blockId="6.[151,1436,1944,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE7FFB24AABF83EC014DD8C" bold="true" box="[151,281,1944,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
C-bands ideograms of the five
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE7FFB24853F83FC3CCDD8C" box="[623,705,1945,1968]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE7FFB24853F83FC3CCDD8C" box="[623,705,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">Alsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from the Coastal Range of Chile (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE7FFB24E93F83FC441DD8C" box="[1199,1356,1945,1968]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE7FFB24E93F83FC441DD8C" box="[1199,1356,1945,1968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">A. valdiviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE7FFB24FB9F83FC1D8DDEE" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE7FFB24FB9F83FC1D8DDEE" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">A. norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE7FFB24B30F81DC09EDDEE" box="[268,403,1979,2002]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE7FFB24B30F81DC09EDDEE" box="[268,403,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">A. vanzolinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE7FFB24BF0F81DC33BDDEE" box="[460,566,1979,2002]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE7FFB24BF0F81DC33BDDEE" box="[460,566,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">A. barrioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (E)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE7FFB24857F81DC3ECDDEE" box="[619,737,1979,2002]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE7FFB24857F81DC3ECDDEE" box="[619,737,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="49">A. nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE6FFB34AABFF3EC1EED886" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,778]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
The tadpole of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34B77FF3EC0BDDA8D" box="[331,432,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34B77FF3EC0BDDA8D" box="[331,432,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">A. norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has yet not been collected. This woody area was characterised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE6FFB34EF8FF3EC491DA8E" author="Oberdorfer" box="[1220,1436,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" refString="Oberdorfer, E. (1960) Pflanzensoziologische Studien in Chile. Ein Vergleich mit Europa, Band II. In: Herausgegeben Von R. T. (Ed). Flora et Vegetatio Mundi. Weinheim Verlag Von J. Cramer. Berlin, pp. 1 - 208." type="book chapter" year="1960">Oberdorfer (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as dominated principally by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34BDBFF66C3D1DAE5" box="[487,732,192,217]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Eucryphia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34BDBFF66C3D1DAE5" box="[487,732,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Eucryphia cordifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34929FF66C52FDAE5" box="[789,1058,192,217]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aextoxicaceae" genus="Aextoxicum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="punctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34929FF66C52FDAE5" box="[789,1058,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Aextoxicum punctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and less by
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34E88FF66C1ECDB3D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34E88FF66C1D0DB3D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Atherospermataceae" genus="Laureliopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippiana">Laureliopsis philippiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a vegetational asociation named as Lapagerio-Aextoxiconetum and Laureliopso-Weimanniatumm Oberd, occurring in a zone of great humidity along the Pacific coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE6FFB349F1FEB6C5A6DB16" author="Veblen" box="[973,1195,272,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="53" refString="Veblen, T. T., Schlegel, F. M. & Oltremari, J. V. (1980) Temperate broad-leaved evergreen forest of South America. In: Ovington J. D. (Ed). Temperate broad-leaved evergreen forests. Elsevier Science Publishers, Printed in The Netherlands. Amsterdam, pp. 5 - 31." type="book chapter" year="1980">
|
||
Veblen
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34E14FEB6C569DB15" box="[1064,1124,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1980
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Valdivian rain forest region generally has a west coast maritime climate [Oceanic Region with Mediterranean influence (zone of oceanic tendency)] (di
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE6FFB34831FEC6C39ADB46" author="Castri" box="[525,663,352,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" refString="di Castri, F. (1968) Esquisse ecologique du Chili. In: Delamare Deboutteville, C. & Rapoport, E., (Eds). Biologie de l'Amerique australe. Francais Argile C. R. Reun Etud. Paris, pp 7 - 82." type="book chapter" year="1968">Castri 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) characterized by an annual average temperature of 10.5 ºC (with a maximum average of 14.2 ºC and a minimum average of 6.9 ºC), relative humidity 84 % and rainfall
|
||
<quantity id="E921F3F1FFE6FFB34F6CFE2EC007DBF6" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="2250.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="2000.0">2000 - 2500 mm</quantity>
|
||
per year. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34808FE16C3D0DBF5" box="[564,733,432,457]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34808FE16C3D0DBF5" box="[564,733,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB348D4FE09C244DBF5" bold="true" box="[744,841,431,457]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="079E3F7DFFE6FFB348D4FE09C244DBF5" box="[744,841,431,457]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were frequently found under fallen logs into the humid forest. Other frogs that occur in Parque Oncol are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34961FE7EC58FDBCD" box="[861,1154,472,497]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Batrachyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antartandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34961FE7EC58FDBCD" box="[861,1154,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Batrachyla antartandica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34EA9FE7EC499DBCD" box="[1173,1428,472,497]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Rhinoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34EA9FE7EC499DBCD" box="[1173,1428,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Rhinoderma darwinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34AABFDA6C066D825" box="[151,363,512,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Eupsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34AABFDA6C066D825" box="[151,363,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Eupsophus roseus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34B95FDA6C347D825" box="[425,586,512,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Eupsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34B95FDA6C347D825" box="[425,586,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">E. vertebralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, at first sight animals of these species are easily distinguishable in their phenotypic appearance from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB348E2FD8EC234D87D" box="[734,825,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB348E2FD8EC234D87D" box="[734,825,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Alsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34974FD8EC5F4D87D" box="[840,1273,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34974FD8EC567D87D" box="[840,1130,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Batrachyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antartandica">Batrachyla antartandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34E4AFD8EC5F4D87D" box="[1142,1273,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Rhinoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="darwinii">R. darwinii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34F0DFD8EC496D87D" box="[1329,1435,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Eupsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="roseus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34F0DFD8EC496D87D" box="[1329,1435,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">E. roseus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller sized frogs (
|
||
<quantity id="E921F3F1FFE6FFB34B8CFDF6C308D856" box="[432,517,592,618]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="E921F3F1FFE6FFB34816FDF6C38ED856" box="[554,643,592,618]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB348AAFDF6C290D855" box="[662,925,592,617]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Eupsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB348AAFDF6C290D855" box="[662,925,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Eupsophus vertebralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also is a large sized frog but it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34AABFDDEC030D8AD" box="[151,317,632,657]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34AABFDDEC030D8AD" box="[151,317,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in possessing a white vertebral line and in lacking bilateral nuptial patches in the chest (Formas 1982).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66C30D9FFFE6FFB34AFAFD61C38DD936" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE6FFB34AFAFD61C38DD936" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,778]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34AFAFD61C05ED8DD" bold="true" box="[198,339,711,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name of the new taxa is the genitive Latin form of Nora, the author`s grandmother, an extraordinary Chilean woman.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="7AA60E9CFFE6FFB34AABF8F7C015DDEC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182142/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" targetBox="[376,1208,879,1828]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE6FFB34AABF8F7C015DDEC" blockId="7.[151,1436,1873,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34AABF8F7C016DD55" bold="true" box="[151,283,1873,1897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Karyotypes with 2n = 26 (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34854F8F7C24CDD54" box="[616,833,1873,1896]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34854F8F7C24CDD54" box="[616,833,1873,1896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Alsodes valdiviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with comparative purposes. Reformed from that of (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34AABF8D2C022DDB7" box="[151,303,1908,1931]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34AABF8D2C022DDB7" box="[151,303,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2n = 30), and (C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB3483EF8D2C361DDB7" box="[514,620,1908,1931]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB3483EF8D2C361DDB7" box="[514,620,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">A. barrioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2n = 34) by means of hypothetic mechanisms of chromosome evolution in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE6FFB34AEAF831C025DD92" box="[214,296,1943,1966]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE6FFB34AEAF831C025DD92" box="[214,296,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="50">Alsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. In B and C small numbers beside some chromosomes indicate the original chromosome position procedence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66C30D9FFFE9FFBD4AFAFF31C319DBF6" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE9FFBC4AFAFF31C5ABDB9E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4AFAFF31C05CDA8D" bold="true" box="[198,337,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Although only three adult males (IZUA 3534, 3535, 3541), two females (IZUA 3536, 3537, 3540) and three juveniles (IZUA 3538 - 3539) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC493CFF66C2A7DAE5" box="[768,938,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC493CFF66C2A7DAE5" box="[768,938,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Alsodes norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE9FFBC4EFCFF66C5FFDAE6" box="[1216,1266,192,218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, their generic assignments is justified by the absence of a tympanum in all specimens, added to the male morphologic attributes (thorny excrescences on the thumb and chest, arciferal pectoral girdle) (fig. 3), which are concordant with the generic diagnosis given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4899FE9EC229DB6E" author="Cei" box="[677,804,312,338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cei, J. M. (1980) Amphibians of Argentina. Monitore Zoologico Italiano Monographs, 2, 1 - 609." type="journal article" year="1980">Cei (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC495CFE9EC55ADB6E" box="[864,1111,312,338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Formas, J. R., Cuevas, C. C. & Nunez, J. (1998) A new species of Alsodes (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Southern Chile. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111, 521 - 530." type="journal article">
|
||
Formas
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC49FDFE9EC2F8DB6D" box="[961,1013,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In addition, the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4FBFFE9EC1D6DB45" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4FBFFE9EC498DB6D" box="[1411,1429,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4AABFEC6C1D6DB45" box="[151,219,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(here not described) presents a similar cranial pattern as those previously described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4EC9FEC6C47EDB45" box="[1269,1395,352,378]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gargola">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4EC9FEC6C40ADB45" box="[1269,1287,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4F2BFEC6C47EDB45" box="[1303,1395,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">gargola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4FBFFEC6C006DB9D" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4FBFFEC6C498DB45" box="[1411,1429,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4AABFE2EC006DB9D" box="[151,267,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">vanzolinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4B77FE2EC0F8DB9D" box="[331,501,392,418]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4B77FE2EC050DB9D" box="[331,349,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4B57FE2EC0F8DB9D" box="[363,501,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">valdiviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4839FE2EC399DB9E" author="Lynch" box="[517,660,392,418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Lynch, J. (1978) A re-assessment of the telmatobiinae leptodactylid frogs of Patagonia. Occasional Paper Museum of Natural History University of Kansas, 72, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1978">Lynch 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC489CFE2EC2A1DB9E" author="Formas" box="[672,940,392,418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Formas, J. R. & Vera, M. I. (1982) The status of two Chilean frogs of the genus Eupsophus (Anura, Leptodactylidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 95, 594 - 601." type="journal article" year="1982">Formas and Vera 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4984FE2EC597DB9E" author="Formas" box="[952,1178,392,418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Formas, J. R., Cuevas, C. C. & Brieva, L. M. (2002) A new species of Alsodes (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Cerro Mirador, Cordillera Pelada, southern Chile. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 708 - 719." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Formas
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4E2BFE2EC55FDB9D" box="[1047,1106,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE9FFBC4AF9FE16C211D90E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4AF9FE16C0BBDBF6" box="[197,438,432,458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Formas, J. R., Cuevas, C. C. & Brieva, L. M. (2002) A new species of Alsodes (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Cerro Mirador, Cordillera Pelada, southern Chile. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 708 - 719." type="journal article">
|
||
Formas
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4B19FE16C054DBF5" box="[293,345,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4809FE16C3ECDBF5" box="[565,737,432,457]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4809FE16C3ECDBF5" box="[565,737,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. valdiviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cerro Mirador, Cordillera Pelada (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4BED38D3FFE9FFBC4E82FE16C42DDBF6" box="[1214,1312,432,458]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" precision="925" value="-40.133335">40º08’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4BED38D3FFE9FFBC4F10FE16C495DBF6" box="[1324,1432,432,458]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" precision="925" value="-73.666664">73º40’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="E921F3F1FFE9FFBC4AABFE7EC1E3DBCE" box="[151,238,472,498]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
||
altitude). This area of the Coastal Range is distant only
|
||
<quantity id="E921F3F1FFE9FFBC4940FE7EC2CBDBCE" box="[892,966,472,498]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
|
||
(in a straight line) to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F162E0B6FFE9FFBC4ED0FE7EC413DBCE" box="[1260,1310,472,498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4AABFDA6C1F2D825" box="[151,255,512,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4AABFDA6C1F2D825" box="[151,255,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, both mountainous formations (Cerro Mirador and Parque Oncol) are separated by the Valdivia river estuary (fig. 1). The specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC48ECFD8EC277D87D" box="[720,890,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC48ECFD8EC277D87D" box="[720,890,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. valdiviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show morphological and chromosomal differences to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4B5FFDF6C0C5D855" box="[355,456,592,617]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4B5FFDF6C0C5D855" box="[355,456,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4BEBFDF6C3C9D855" box="[471,708,592,617]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4BEBFDF6C3C9D855" box="[471,708,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Alsodes valdiviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has: opaque colours on the dorsum, unbarred legs, a postocular fold reaching the anterior border of arms, palmar tubercles more reduced in size, general aspect less granulose, prevomers with seven prevomerine teeth (
|
||
<quantity id="E921F3F1FFE9FFBC492CFD06C25AD886" box="[784,855,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4-5 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC495CFD06C2CAD885" box="[864,967,672,697]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC495CFD06C2CAD885" box="[864,967,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Its carpal elements are osseous while there are cartilaginous in
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4BF7FD6EC334D8DD" box="[459,569,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4BF7FD6EC338D8DD" box="[459,565,712,737]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">A. norae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a condition only described before for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4E37FD6EC1D3D936" authority="Barrio 1970" authorityName="Barrio" authorityYear="1970" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Insuetophrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acarpicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4E37FD6EC430D8DD" box="[1035,1341,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Insuetophrynus acarpicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Barrio 1970)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4B22FD56C240D936" authority="Formas et al. 2006" authorityName="Formas et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[286,845,752,778]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Telmatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chusmisensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4B22FD56C343D935" box="[286,590,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Telmatobius chusmisensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4863FD56C248D936" author="Formas" box="[607,837,752,778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Formas, J. R., Cuevas, C. C. & Nunez, J. (2006) A new species of Telmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Chusmisa, northern Chile. Herpetologica, 72, 173 - 183." type="journal article" year="2006">Formas et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Finally, both species differ in their chromosomic complement (2n=26,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4BAFFCBEC330D90D" box="[403,573,792,817]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4BAFFCBEC330D90D" box="[403,573,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. valdiviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2n=30,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC489BFCBEC206D90D" box="[679,779,792,817]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC489BFCBEC206D90D" box="[679,779,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE9FFBC4AF9FCE6C1EEDF2E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Most of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4B16FCE6C088D965" box="[298,389,832,857]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4B16FCE6C088D965" box="[298,389,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Alsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have been described based on external adult morphology but some of them only have been recognized as different by displaying autoapomorphic chromosomic characteristic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4F3EFCCEC1D8D996" author="Veloso" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Veloso, A. M., Iturra, P. & Galleguillos, G. (1979) Evidencias cromosomicas en el genero Alsodes (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae), con la descripcion de una nueva especie. Physis, 94, 91 - 98." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
Veloso
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4F62FCCEC498D9BD" box="[1374,1429,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4ADEFC36C02DD996" author="Veloso" box="[226,288,912,938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Veloso, A. M., Diaz, N. P., Iturra, P. & Penna, M. (1981) Descripcion de una nueva especie de Telmatobino del genero Alsodes (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) de la Cordillera de Nahuelbuta (Sur de Chile). Medio Ambiente, 51, 72 - 77." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4B10FC36C366D996" author="Cuevas" box="[300,619,912,938]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cuevas, C. C. & Formas, J. R. (2005 b) A new frog of the genus Alsodes (Leptodactylidae) from the Tolhuaca National Park, Andes Range, southern Chile. Amphibia-Reptilia, 26, 39 - 48" type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">Cuevas and Formas 2005b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this framework, distributional criteria and chromosome evidence (2n = 30; FN = 52,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6E24291FFE9FFBC4B44FC1EC0B2D9EE" box="[376,447,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,255,905,929]" captionTargetBox="[545,1043,281,874]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[538,1049,274,881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chromosomes of Alsodes norae (A) Standard karyotypes, (B) C-banded karyotype, (C) secondary constriction and (D) nucleolus organizer region position." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182140/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6E24291FFE9FFBC4BF7FC1EC0D4D9EE" box="[459,473,952,978]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[328,1249,219,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[313,1273,194,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. C-bands ideograms of the five Alsodes species from the Coastal Range of Chile (A) A. valdiviensis, (B) A. norae, (C) A. vanzolinii, (D) A. barrioi, (E) A. nodosus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182141/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">5</figureCitation>
|
||
B) are the main arguments that justified the erection of the new taxon herein (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4F5EFC1EC0AAD9C6" author="Cuevas" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cuevas, C. C. & Formas, J. R. (2005 b) A new frog of the genus Alsodes (Leptodactylidae) from the Tolhuaca National Park, Andes Range, southern Chile. Amphibia-Reptilia, 26, 39 - 48" type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">Cuevas and Formas 2005b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genesis of 2n =
|
||
<quantity id="E921F3F1FFE9FFBC488CFC46C3E0D9C6" box="[688,749,992,1018]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="30.0">30 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC48C9FC46C257D9C5" box="[757,858,992,1018]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC48C9FC46C20AD9C5" box="[757,775,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC492AFC46C257D9C5" box="[790,858,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably involved Robertsonian rearrangements (fissions of biarmed chromosomes) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4873FBAEC29EDE1E" author="Cuevas" box="[591,915,1032,1058]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cuevas, C. C. & Formas, J. R. (2005 b) A new frog of the genus Alsodes (Leptodactylidae) from the Tolhuaca National Park, Andes Range, southern Chile. Amphibia-Reptilia, 26, 39 - 48" type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">Cuevas and Formas 2005b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which occurred in a hypothetical ancestor with 2n = 26, such as was proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4856FB96C256DE76" box="[618,859,1072,1098]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Formas, J. R., Cuevas, C. C. & Brieva, L. M. (2002) A new species of Alsodes (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Cerro Mirador, Cordillera Pelada, southern Chile. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 708 - 719." type="journal article">
|
||
Formas
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC48F6FB96C208DE75" box="[714,773,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2002)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC49B1FB96C50CDE75" box="[909,1025,1072,1097]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC49B1FB96C50CDE75" box="[909,1025,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. barrioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This hypothesis can be illustrated by a didactical exercise, i.e., when all telocentric pairs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC490EFBFEC29BDE4D" box="[818,918,1112,1138]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC490EFBFEC249DE4D" box="[818,836,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC496EFBFEC29BDE4D" box="[850,918,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4E0DFBFEC5A9DE4D" box="[1073,1188,1112,1137]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4E0DFBFEC5A9DE4D" box="[1073,1188,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. barrioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are fused by the centromeric region conforming a karyotype with 2n = 26 from each other (fig. 6 B, C). The cases of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4F26FB26C491DEA5" box="[1306,1436,1152,1177]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4F26FB26C491DEA5" box="[1306,1436,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(loss of four small pairs, NF = 44) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC48B2FB0EC225DEFD" box="[654,808,1192,1217]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC48B2FB0EC225DEFD" box="[654,808,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. vanzolinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(presence of a telocentric pair, NF = 50), may be explained by translocations and pericentric inversions respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC49FEFB76C5AFDED6" author="Veloso" box="[962,1186,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Veloso, A. M., Iturra, P. & Galleguillos, G. (1979) Evidencias cromosomicas en el genero Alsodes (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae), con la descripcion de una nueva especie. Physis, 94, 91 - 98." type="journal article" year="1979">
|
||
Veloso
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4E21FB76C55EDED5" box="[1053,1107,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1979
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4E8CFB76C1DADF2E" author="Cuevas" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cuevas, C. C. & Formas, J. R. (2003) Cytogenetic analysis of four species of the genus Alsodes (Anura, Leptodactylidae) with comments about the karyological evolution of the genus. Hereditas, 138, 138 - 146." type="journal article" year="2003">Cuevas and Formas 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE9FFBC4AF9FA86C1F2DC16" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
The discordance between chromosome and morphological evolution observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4E9CFA86C033DF5E" authority="Cuevas and Formas 2001" authorityName="Cuevas and Formas" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4E9CFA86C5F6DF05" box="[1184,1275,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Alsodes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4F32FA86C03BDF5E" author="Cuevas" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cuevas, C. C. & Formas, J. R. (2001) A new species of Alsodes (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Central Chile. Amphibia-Reptilia, 22, 187 - 198." type="journal article" year="2001">Cuevas and Formas 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, agrees with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4BE6FAEEC383DF5E" box="[474,654,1352,1378]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Lande, R. (1979) Effective deme sizes during long-term evolution estimated from rates of chromosomal rearrangement. Evolution, 38, 743 - 752." type="journal article">Lande`s (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
hypothesis which claims that chromosome rearrangements do not involve drastic phenotypic changes. Such chromosome mechanisms would occurs in isolated populations (such as members of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4BA6FA3EC0F8DF8D" box="[410,501,1432,1457]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4BA6FA3EC0F8DF8D" box="[410,501,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Alsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
underwent along the Coastal Range, fig. 1) involving demographic processes (small population size). This suggests a conserved morphological evolution in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4E5FFA66C5B3DFE5" box="[1123,1214,1472,1497]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4E5FFA66C5B3DFE5" box="[1123,1214,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Alsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as has been observed in other amphibians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4BC1FA4EC399DC3E" author="Bogart" box="[509,660,1512,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Bogart, J. P. (1991) The influence of life history on karyotypic evolution in frogs. In: Green D. & Sessions S. (Eds). Amphibian Cytogenetics and Evolution. San Diego, Academic Press. pp. 233 - 255." type="book chapter" year="1991">Bogart 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC48A3FA4EC27BDC3E" author="Cherry" box="[671,886,1512,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cherry, L. M., Case, S. M. & Wilson, A. C. (1978) Frog perspective on the morphological difference between humans and chimpanzees. Science, 200, 209 - 211." type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Cherry
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC48CBFA4EC227DC3D" box="[759,810,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1978
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC49BDFA4EC540DC3E" author="Stuart" box="[897,1101,1512,1538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Stuart, B. L., R. F. Inger, & Voris, H. K. (2006) High level of cryptic species diversity revealed by sympatric lineages of Southeast Asian forest frogs. Biology Letters, 2, 470 - 474." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Stuart
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC49F1FA4EC2F2DC3D" box="[973,1023,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4F1CFA4EC1F4DC15" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4F1CFA4EC1F4DC15" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE9FFBC4AF9F99EC499DD56" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
When gross chromosome morphology (2n, FN) is analyzed in relation to geographical range,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4F2DF99EC461DC6D" box="[1297,1388,1592,1617]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4F2DF99EC461DC6D" box="[1297,1388,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Alsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be grouped into species with variable karyotypes i.e. 2n = 30, FN = 52 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC49D5F9C6C542DC45" box="[1001,1103,1632,1658]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="norae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC49D5F9C6C2F6DC45" box="[1001,1019,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4E37F9C6C542DC45" box="[1035,1103,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">norae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4E6BF9F9C5B8DC45" bold="true" box="[1111,1205,1631,1657]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="079E3F7DFFE9FFBC4E6BF9F9C5B8DC45" box="[1111,1205,1631,1657]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
); 2n = 22, FN = 44 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4A9DF92EC02CDC9D" box="[161,289,1672,1697]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4A9DF92EC02CDC9D" box="[161,289,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 2n = 26, FN = 50 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4829F92EC3A4DC9D" box="[533,681,1672,1697]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanzolinii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4829F92EC3A4DC9D" box="[533,681,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. vanzolinii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 2n = 34, FN = 52 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC49A2F92EC51FDC9D" box="[926,1042,1672,1697]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barrioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC49A2F92EC51FDC9D" box="[926,1042,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A. barrioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 2n = 26, FN = 52 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4F3AF92EC1BBDCF5" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="valdiviensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4F3AF92EC415DC9D" box="[1286,1304,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4F1BF92EC1BBDCF5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">valdiviensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (fig. 5) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4B19F916C0F1DCF6" author="Veloso" box="[293,508,1712,1738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Veloso, A. M., Diaz, N. P., Iturra, P. & Penna, M. (1981) Descripcion de una nueva especie de Telmatobino del genero Alsodes (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) de la Cordillera de Nahuelbuta (Sur de Chile). Medio Ambiente, 51, 72 - 77." type="journal article" year="1981">
|
||
Veloso
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4B41F916C0A2DCF5" box="[381,431,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1981
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Formas and Vera 1983;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4921F916C54ADCF6" author="Cuevas" box="[797,1095,1712,1738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cuevas, C. C. & Formas, J. R. (2003) Cytogenetic analysis of four species of the genus Alsodes (Anura, Leptodactylidae) with comments about the karyological evolution of the genus. Hereditas, 138, 138 - 146." type="journal article" year="2003">Cuevas and Formas 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4E6FF916C593DCF6" author="Cuevas" box="[1107,1182,1712,1738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cuevas, C. C. & Formas, J. R. (2005 b) A new frog of the genus Alsodes (Leptodactylidae) from the Tolhuaca National Park, Andes Range, southern Chile. Amphibia-Reptilia, 26, 39 - 48" type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">2005b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) distributed along the Coastal Range (32º to 40ºS); and species that share a karyotype with 2n = 26, FN = 52 (
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4E8CF97EC436DD25" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4E8CF97EC436DCCD" box="[1200,1339,1752,1777]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">A. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4F74F97EC1C3DD25" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gargola">A. gargola</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4AE7F8A6C04EDD25" box="[219,323,1792,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hugoi">A. hugoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4B6CF8A6C0CCDD25" box="[336,449,1792,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="igneus">A. igneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4BF2F8A6C375DD25" box="[462,632,1792,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kaweshkari">A. kaweshkari</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC48BAF8A6C210DD25" box="[646,797,1792,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montanus">A. montanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4916F8A6C2C1DD25" box="[810,972,1792,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pehuenche">A. pehuenche</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC49E5F8A6C586DD25" box="[985,1163,1792,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumultuosus">A. tumultuosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4EA4F8A6C436DD25" box="[1176,1339,1792,1817]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucosus">A. verrucosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4F6AF8A6C014DD7E" author="Kuramoto" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Kuramoto, M. (1990) A list of chromosome numbers of anurans amphibians. Bulletin of the Fukuoka University of Education, 39, 83 - 127." type="journal article" year="1990">Kuramoto 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4B19F88EC35EDD7E" author="Cuevas" box="[293,595,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cuevas, C. C. & Formas, J. R. (2003) Cytogenetic analysis of four species of the genus Alsodes (Anura, Leptodactylidae) with comments about the karyological evolution of the genus. Hereditas, 138, 138 - 146." type="journal article" year="2003">Cuevas and Formas 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC485CF88EC3A6DD7E" author="Cuevas" box="[608,683,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cuevas, C. C. & Formas, J. R. (2005 b) A new frog of the genus Alsodes (Leptodactylidae) from the Tolhuaca National Park, Andes Range, southern Chile. Amphibia-Reptilia, 26, 39 - 48" type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="b">2005b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) distributed along the Andes Range (32º to 48ºS). An exception to this rule is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4B09F8F6C0BBDD55" box="[309,438,1872,1898]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nodosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4B09F8F6C04ADD55" box="[309,327,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4B6AF8F6C0BBDD55" box="[342,438,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">nodosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a range including both the Coastal Range and the Andes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4EA4F8F6C420DD56" author="Bogart" box="[1176,1325,1872,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Bogart, J. P. (1970) Systematic problems in the amphibian family Leptodactylidae (Anura) as indicated by karyotypic analysis. Cytogenetics, 9, 369 - 383." type="journal article" year="1970">Bogart 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (fig. 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E665E14FFE9FFBD4AF9F8DEC319DBF6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,458]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
|
||
In the last 10 years, eight new Chilean anurans species (14.3% of total current members) have been described [six in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4B63F806C0B7DD85" box="[351,442,1952,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4B63F806C0B7DD85" box="[351,442,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Alsodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4BF5F806C3A7DD86" author="Formas" box="[457,682,1952,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Formas, J. R., Ubeda, C., Cuevas, C. C. & Nunez J. (1997) Alsodes australis, a new species of leptodactylid frog from the temperate Nothofagus forest of southern Chile and Argentina. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 32, 200 - 211." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Formas
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4816F806C350DD85" box="[554,605,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4889F806C3FEDD86" author="Formas" box="[693,755,1952,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Formas, J. R., Cuevas, C. C. & Nunez, J. (1998) A new species of Alsodes (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Southern Chile. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111, 521 - 530." type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC48C3F806C230DD86" author="Formas" box="[767,829,1952,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Formas, J. R., Cuevas, C. C. & Brieva, L. M. (2002) A new species of Alsodes (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Cerro Mirador, Cordillera Pelada, southern Chile. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 708 - 719." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4975F806C578DD86" author="Cuevas" box="[841,1141,1952,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cuevas, C. C. & Formas, J. R. (2001) A new species of Alsodes (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Central Chile. Amphibia-Reptilia, 22, 187 - 198." type="journal article" year="2001">Cuevas and Formas 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4EBDF806C5C1DD86" author="Cuevas" box="[1153,1228,1952,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Cuevas, C. C. & Formas, J. R. (2005 a) Novel diploid number and chromosomal formula in a South American frog of the genus Alsodes (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae). Italian Journal of Zoology, 72, 87 - 91." type="journal article" year="2005" yearSuffix="a">2005a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and two in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE9FFBC4F5FF806C1E4DDDD" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Eupsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4F5FF806C1E4DDDD" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Eupsophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4ACBF86EC31DDDDE" author="Ibarra-Vidal" box="[247,528,1992,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Ibarra-Vidal, H, Ortiz J. C. & Torres-Perez, F. (2004) Eupsophus septentrionalis n. sp. nueva especie de Leptodactylidae (Amphibia) de Chile Central. Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 75, 91 - 102" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Ibarra-Vidal
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC4BACF86EC0CEDDDD" box="[400,451,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A4823E5FFE9FFBC4820F86EC3FADDDE" author="Veloso" box="[540,759,1992,2018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="53" refString="Veloso, A. M., Celis-Diez, J. L., Guerrero, P., Mendez, M., Iturra, P. & Simonetti, J. (2005) Description of a new Eupsophus species (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) from the remnants of Maulino forest, Central Chile. Herpetological Journal, 15, 159 - 165." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Veloso
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE9FFBC484FF86EC3A0DDDD" box="[627,685,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)]. These are examples of multiple cases of phenotypically resembling species which imply that amphibian diversity remains significantly underestimated along the Chilean territory. Thus, the outstanding chromosome heterogeneity (fig. 5), and restricted distribution at high altitudes encourage to carry on future analyses of specimens from new places of the Coastal Range (Chiloé Island
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4BED38D3FFE8FFBD4AABFEB6C1EADB16" box="[151,231,272,298]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" precision="5555" value="-42.5">42.5ºS</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; Osorno Province
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4BED38D3FFE8FFBD4BFDFEB6C31DDB16" box="[449,528,272,298]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" precision="5555" value="-40.8">40.8ºS</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; Cautín Province
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4BED38D3FFE8FFBD48DEFEB6C23FDB16" box="[738,818,272,298]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" precision="5555" value="-39.5">39.5ºS</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; and Cauquenes Province 36ºS). Such studies would likely result in the discovery of new chromosome numbers, and detect new species in the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="1CAD8206FFE8FFBD4F05FE9EC491DB6D" box="[1337,1436,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9D92597FFE8FFBD4F05FE9EC495DB6D" box="[1337,1432,312,337]" class="Amphibia" family="Cycloramphidae" genus="Alsodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Alsodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Finally, the recognition of the Coastal Range as an important center of diversification of the Chilean anuran fauna (unknown in all its extension), could constitute a cornerstone to the conservation of this unique geomorphologic and floristic formation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |