515 lines
53 KiB
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515 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6611" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a1a4245d-cd0a-431f-8556-fdb7816910c4" ID-PMC="PMC4023243" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-400-67" ID-PubMed="24843256" ID-ZBK="91DC4784F49A4353B4C8DC0F67B1EF92" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-400-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 400" ModsDocTitle="A new species of the paper wasp genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in Europe revealed by morphometrics and molecular analyses" checkinTime="1451245992475" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Neumeyer, Rainer, Baur, Hannes, Guex, Gaston-Denis & Praz, Christophe" docDate="2014" docId="A6668387C3904046A1660AAFC2A6DCF2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 400: 67-118" docOrigin="ZooKeys 400" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6611" docTitle="Polistes helveticus Neumeyer, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="2BF81BF0-5EB0-4C74-87C4-50A294C330A3" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="F67BFF80B122D151FFD22016FFC45C1E" masterDocTitle="A new species of the paper wasp genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in Europe revealed by morphometrics and molecular analyses" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1668158214865" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of the paper wasp genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in Europe revealed by morphometrics and molecular analyses</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Neumeyer, Rainer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Baur, Hannes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Guex, Gaston-Denis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Praz, Christophe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>400</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:end>118</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6611</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6611</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-400-67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">91DC4784F49A4353B4C8DC0F67B1EF92</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">91DC4784F49A4353B4C8DC0F67B1EF92</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3500584" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127857275" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3500584" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2BF81BF0-5EB0-4C74-87C4-50A294C330A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6668387C3904046A1660AAFC2A6DCF2" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2BF81BF0-5EB0-4C74-87C4-50A294C330A3" authority="Neumeyer" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="94" start="start">Polistes</pageBreakToken>
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helveticus Neumeyer
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="27" pageNumber="94">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="94" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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Weyrauch, 1937: 274, in part -
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<bibRefCitation author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte (Neue Folge)" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="145 - 197" title="Zur Systematik der palaearktischen Polistinen auf biologischer Grundlage." volume="8" year="1939">Weyrauch (1939)</bibRefCitation>
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, in part (paralectotype male, RN0325, of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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, HUMCZ coll., Glattbrugg near Zurich, Switzerland). The following references published under the name of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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Weyrauch, 1937 actually belong to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.:
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<bibRefCitation author="Baugnee, JY" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="395 - 398" title="Une nouvelle guepe sociale pour la faune belge: Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937, trouve en Gaume." volume="132" year="1996">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Baugnée">Baugnee</normalizedToken>
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(1996)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Bluethgen, P" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse fuer Chemie, Geologie und Biologie" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" title="Die Faltenwespen Mitteleuropas" year="1961">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
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(1961)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Dvorak, L" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="221 - 244" title="Key to the paper and social wasps of Central Europe." volume="46" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dvořák">Dvorak</normalizedToken>
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and Roberts (2006)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Dvorak, L" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="533 - 539" title="Present distribution of the paper wasp Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937 in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia with notes to its spreading." volume="38" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dvořák">Dvorak</normalizedToken>
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et al. (2006)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Graf, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="283 - 291" title="Presence de l'Hymenoptere Vespide Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch en France." volume="86" year="1961">Graf (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Guiglia, D" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="199 - 204" title="La posizione del Polistes (Leptopolistes) bischoffi Weyrauch." volume="39" year="1967">Guiglia (1967</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Guiglia, D" journalOrPublisher="Faune de l'Europe et du basin mediterraneen" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" title="Les guepes sociales d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale." volume="6" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<bibRefCitation author="Kofler, A" journalOrPublisher="Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck" pageId="40" pageNumber="107" pagination="141 - 160" title="Neue Mitteilungen ueber Keulenwespen, Rollwespen und Echte Wespen aus Osttirol (Oesterreich)." volume="92" year="2005">Kofler (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Mauss, V" journalOrPublisher="Decheniana (Bonn)" pageId="40" pageNumber="107" pagination="109 - 116" title="First record of Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937 from North Rhine-Westphalia with notes on the expansion of the distribution range of the species." volume="154" year="2001">Mauss (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Mauss, V" journalOrPublisher="DJN, Hamburg" pageId="40" pageNumber="107" pagination="2 - 53" title="Bestimmungsschluessel fuer die Faltenwespen (Hymenoptera: Masarinae, Polistinae, Vespinae) der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" year="2004">Mauss and Treiber (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Neumeyer, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomo Helvetica" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="7 - 22" title="Eine neue Feldwespe am Greifensee: Farbmorphe, Hybrid oder Polistes gallicus (Linnaeus, 1767)?" volume="4" year="2011">Neumeyer et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmid-Egger, C" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="601 - 609" title="Die Verbreitung von Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937 in Sueddeutschland." volume="21" year="1989">Schmid-Egger and Treiber (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Schneider, N" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="159 - 164" title="Elements pour un catalogue des Hymenopteres Aculeates du Luxembourg." volume="99" year="1998">Schneider et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Witt, R" journalOrPublisher="Vademecum-Verlag, Oldenburg, Germany" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" title="Wespen." year="2009">Witt (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
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Holotype female (NMBE coll.), present designation, type locality Schwerzenbach, canton of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zürich">Zuerich</normalizedToken>
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, Switzerland
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="94">Small and relatively dark species with pedicel and flagellum black on upper side in both sexes (Figs 9a, 9b, 10a, 10c).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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Figure 9. Different aspects of a female (individual RN0138) of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: a frontal view of head b lateral view of lower face with malar space and mandible c mesopleural region of mesosoma d lateral view of body e dorsal view of body. The red arrow in picture (c) is pointing to the rather reduced epicnemial carina, and the white arrow to the quite distinct mesopleural signum (sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, JM" editor="Turillazzi, S" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="18 - 57" title="Phylogeny and biogeography of Polistes." volumeTitle="Natural history and evolution of paper wasps" year="1996 a">Carpenter 1996a</bibRefCitation>
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), a structure also called a sternopleural groove (
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<bibRefCitation author="Richards, OW" journalOrPublisher="Revista brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="85 - 103" title="The subgenera of Polistes Latreille (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)." volume="17" year="1973">Richards 1973</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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Figure 10. Different aspects of a male (individual RN0153) of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: a frontal view of head b anterolateral view of lower face c lateral view of body d dorsal view of body. The arrows are pointing to the isolated black area (a) bordering the torulus, the very faint lateral ridges of clypeus (b) or the ventrolateral angle of the pronotum (c).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="94">Females: Epicnemial carina reduced (Fig. 9c; red arrow) or absent. Hypopygium black (Fig. 9d). Metacoxa black. Mesoscutum black (Fig. 9e), only rarely with a minute pair of yellow spots. Propodeum laterally usually black (Fig. 9d), seldom with yellow spot on each side. Clypeus breadth: malar space 3.26-3.73; head breadth: malar space 7.29-8.8; malar space: lateral ocelli distance 0.87-1.19; metatibia length: malar space 7.61-9.33. terminal flagellomere length: malar space 0.81-1.07.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="94">Males: Gena in dorsal view immediately narrowing behind eye (Fig. 12m). Epicnemium and mesosternum yellow (Figs 10a, 10c). Head breadth: head height 1.19-1.27; lower face: clypeus breadth 1.46-1.69; terminal flagellomere length: lateral ocelli distance 0.83-1.32; terminal flagellomere length: malar space 1.08-1.72; terminal flagellomere length: terminal flagellomere breadth 1.70-2.78.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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Figure 11. Distribution of examined specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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Weyrauch, 1937 and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. While
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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mainly occurs from Southern Europe to Western Asia,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
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appears to have a more northern distribution in Central Europe. Thus far, the only incidences of syntopy (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
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) are from Switzerland.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="94">
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Figure 12. Drawings of morphological characters used in the key to European paper wasps (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polistes</taxonomicName>
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) of the gallicus-group: Mesopleuron with abrupt (a) or gradual (b) sculpture change; female antennae with dark (c) or bright (d) upper side of flagellomeres; male apical flagellum dark (e) or bright (f) on upper side; head in frontal view with black band across clypeus (g) or isolated black spot (h); apical mesosoma in dorsal view with drop-shaped spots on mesoscutum, posterior pronotal stripes ending far from pronotal carina (i) or without drop-shaped spots, pronotal stripes approaching pronotal carina (k); head in dorsal view with genae convex (l) or immediately narrowing (m). Drawings a, b, c, d, f are courtesy of H. Cigler, g, h, i, k of D. Lawniczak, and e, l, m of CSCF.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="28" pageNumber="95" type="description of female">
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="95" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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of female.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Body length 9.7-14.1 mm (n = 20); forewing length 8.5-11.3 mm (n = 20).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="95">Head: Clypeus yellow with black margin and large central black spot; this spot either isolated (Fig. 9a) or more often extended as crossband reaching the lateral margins of clypeus (Fig. 12g). Face with nearly triangular yellow spot touching inner orbit (Fig. 9a). Upper gena with small, elongate spot (Fig. 9d). Frons with pair of horizontal yellow stripes seldom confluent (Fig. 9a).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="28" pageNumber="95">
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Mesosoma: Change in sculpture between coarse mesepisternum and smooth epicnemium frequently gradual (Fig. 12b). Pronotum along posterior margin with pair of longitudinal stripes not reaching cross stripe on pronotal collar (Fig. 9e). Scutellum and metanotum each with pair of yellow bars (Fig. 9e). Propodeum dorsally usually
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<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="96" start="start">with</pageBreakToken>
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pair of crescent-shaped spots (Fig. 9e). Mesopleuron with yellow spot (Figs 9c, 9d). Propodeal valve yellow (Fig. 9d). Tegula yellow anteriorly and posteriorly, with more transparent area in between (Fig. 9e). Legs yellow and orange, black only on coxa, trochanter and most of femur, including entire base (Figs 9d, 9e).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="29" pageNumber="96">
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Metasoma: Each tergum with continuous, but slightly indented terminal yellow band (Figs 9d, 9e). Tergum 2 also with two yellow spots (Fig. 9e). Tergum 1 seldom with two small yellow spots. Sterna 2 and 3 with terminal yellow bands usually inter
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<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="97" start="start">rupted</pageBreakToken>
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, even though often only slightly so. Sterna 3, 4 and 5 with broadly interrupted terminal bands, manifested only as lateral terminal yellow spots.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="97" type="description of male">
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="97">Description of male.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="97">Body length 9.6-12.4 mm (n = 12); forewing length 8.9-9.9 mm (n = 12).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="97">Head: Mandibles, malar space, clypeus, face, inferior frons (Figs 10a, 10b) and elongate spot on upper gena (Fig. 10c) yellow. Superior frons, vertex (Fig. 10a), occiput and back of head (Figs 10c, 10d) black. Inferior part of frons yellow with small black area at superior margin of torulus, usually isolated (Fig. 10a; arrow), but seldom reaching the superior part of frons above. Clypeus apically rounded (Fig. 10a), with hardly any lateral ridge (Fig. 10b; arrows).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="97">Mesosoma: Pronotum with yellow cross stripe along collar, occasionally extending down to sharp angle of pronotum (Fig. 10c; arrow). Legs yellow and orange, except for upper sides of coxa, trochanter and femur, which are black (Figs 10c, 10d); black area occasionally reaching (yellow) lower side of hind femur, yellow area occasionally reaching (black) upper side of pro- and mesocoxa. Rest of mesosoma colored as in females (Fig. 10d).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="97">Metasoma: Tergum 2 with terminal yellow band extending laterally toward base, even if occasionally discontinuous. Other terga colored as in females. Sternum 2 most of the time with two yellow spots. Sterna 3, 4 and 5 usually with continuous terminal yellow band, the latter interrupted on sternum 6 and absent on hypopygium.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" type="comments">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="97">Comments.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
|
|
Except for
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. is the only European species with an epicnemial carina that is often absent in the female sex. These two species are easy to distinguish in both sexes due to their differing color patterns, mainly on the antennae. Furthermore, the ratio metatibia length: malar space separates females, whereas the best separating ratio for males (
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n.) is terminal flagellomere length: malar space (Table 5). Confusion with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">Polistes gallicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
or
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes hellenicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hellenicus">Polistes hellenicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is unlikely due to the very different color patterns in both sexes. Males are virtually impossible to confuse with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes biglumis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biglumis">Polistes biglumis</taxonomicName>
|
|
; however, the very similarly colored females of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes biglumis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biglumis">Polistes biglumis</taxonomicName>
|
|
are likely to be confused in specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. with an exceptionally developed epicnemial carina. For such cases, we provide the ratio malar space: lateral ocelli distance, which fully separates the two.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
|
|
Since most collected specimens labeled as "
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
|
" are presumed to belong to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n., rather than to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
|
Weyrauch, 1937 (revised status), at least in Central European museums, their identity must be checked. In fact, according to the CSCF (www.cscf.ch; in litt.) there are about 450 individuals of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. from Switzerland deposited in Swiss museums, but only very few (<10) individuals of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, at least before the material of the present study was deposited. A similar situation may apply to other Central European museums, especially in Austria and Germany. In contrast, the relatively few individuals labeled as "
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
|
" that we examined from Southern Europe (Greece, Italy, Southern France) are, in fact, determined correctly (mostly by Josef Gusenleitner).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="30" pageNumber="97">
|
|
The specimen that we have chosen as the holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="98" start="start">Polistes</pageBreakToken>
|
|
helveticus
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. clearly belongs to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. according to molecular and morphological analyses. According to its body measurements, however, it lies in an area of overlap with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">Polistes gallicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 3a, c [H]). Unfortunately, it is the only specimen that was both intact and suitable for molecular analyses.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="98">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="98">
|
|
Fig. 11 only shows the distribution of the specimens examined within this study. Other possible records of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(still under the name
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bischoffi”">"bischoffi"</normalizedToken>
|
|
) not shown in Fig. 11 include localities in Austria (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gusenleitner, J" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="159 - 167" title="Hymenopterologische Notizen aus Oesterreich, 3." volume="27" year="1995">Gusenleitner 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 165;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Gusenleitner, J" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="497 - 501" title="Hymenopterologische Notizen aus Oesterreich, 9." volume="30" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 497), Belgium (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Baugnee, JY" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale Belge d'Entomologie" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="395 - 398" title="Une nouvelle guepe sociale pour la faune belge: Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937, trouve en Gaume." volume="132" year="1996">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baugnée">Baugnee</normalizedToken>
|
|
1996
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), Czech Republic and Slovakia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Dvorak, L" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="533 - 539" title="Present distribution of the paper wasp Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937 in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia with notes to its spreading." volume="38" year="2006">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dvořák">Dvorak</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2006
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), France (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Graf, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="283 - 291" title="Presence de l'Hymenoptere Vespide Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch en France." volume="86" year="1961">Graf 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), Germany (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Mauss, V" journalOrPublisher="Decheniana (Bonn)" pageId="40" pageNumber="107" pagination="109 - 116" title="First record of Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937 from North Rhine-Westphalia with notes on the expansion of the distribution range of the species." volume="154" year="2001">Mauss 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Schmid-Egger, C" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="601 - 609" title="Die Verbreitung von Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937 in Sueddeutschland." volume="21" year="1989">Schmid-Egger and Treiber 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), and Luxembourg (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Schneider, N" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="159 - 164" title="Elements pour un catalogue des Hymenopteres Aculeates du Luxembourg." volume="99" year="1998">Schneider et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="98">
|
|
Nevertheless, Fig. 11 indicates a geographical separation between
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (in the north) and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
|
(in the south), leaving only a small area of overlap. Real syntopy (habitat sharing) between the two species has thus far only been assessed in Switzerland but both species also occur sympatrically in Austria. Furthermore, the verified range of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (Fig. 11) is distinctly smaller than that of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
|
, although
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. is considered to be in a period of expansion (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Dvorak, L" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="533 - 539" title="Present distribution of the paper wasp Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937 in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia with notes to its spreading." volume="38" year="2006">
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dvořák">Dvorak</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. 2006
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Mauss, V" journalOrPublisher="Decheniana (Bonn)" pageId="40" pageNumber="107" pagination="109 - 116" title="First record of Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937 from North Rhine-Westphalia with notes on the expansion of the distribution range of the species." volume="154" year="2001">Mauss 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="31" pageNumber="98" type="ecology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="98">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="31" pageNumber="98">
|
|
In Switzerland,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="32" pageNumber="99" start="start">Polistes</pageBreakToken>
|
|
helveticus
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. is widespread (Fig. 11), usually occurring in wet habitats such as floodplains, fens, bogs, and pits (gravel, sand). The altitudinal records range from 200 m above sea level (Le
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Champ-près-Froges">Champ-pres-Froges</normalizedToken>
|
|
, France) for a female (individual RN0378) to 980 m a.s.l. (Muggio, Canton of Ticino, CH) for a male (RN0387). The seasonal records range from 02 April (Saint-Blaise, CH) for a female to 24 November (Gnadental, Germany) for a female (RN0283), but most individuals of both sexes are recorded in July and August (CSCF, in litt.). The earliest record for a male is on 21 July (Jestetten, Germany), the latest (RN0157) on 01 October (Courroux, CH). Nests are usually attached below 40 cm to vertical stems (
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ø">O</normalizedToken>
|
|
2-3 cm) of reed, alder, willow and other plants (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kofler, A" journalOrPublisher="Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck" pageId="40" pageNumber="107" pagination="141 - 160" title="Neue Mitteilungen ueber Keulenwespen, Rollwespen und Echte Wespen aus Osttirol (Oesterreich)." volume="92" year="2005">Kofler 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Neumeyer, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomo Helvetica" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="7 - 22" title="Eine neue Feldwespe am Greifensee: Farbmorphe, Hybrid oder Polistes gallicus (Linnaeus, 1767)?" volume="4" year="2011">Neumeyer et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="32" pageNumber="99" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="99">
|
|
The Latin adjective "helveticus -a -um" means Swiss. The name
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. pays tribute to the country where the species was first discovered, when a female (Theodor Steck leg., NHMB coll.) was found in
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bätterkinden">Baetterkinden</normalizedToken>
|
|
(canton of Berne) in August 1882.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="32" pageNumber="99" type="material examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="99">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="99">
|
|
Holotype ♀ (RN0139): SWITZERLAND, CANTON ZURICH, Schwerzenbach,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böschen">Boeschen</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.372684">47°22'21.67"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.667065">08°40'01.43"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 436 m, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., NMBE coll.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="32" pageNumber="99">
|
|
Original Paralectotype (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte (Neue Folge)" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="145 - 197" title="Zur Systematik der palaearktischen Polistinen auf biologischer Grundlage." volume="8" year="1939">Weyrauch 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 164) of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
|
Weyrauch, 1937: 1 ♂ (RN0325): Switzerland, CANTON ZURICH, Glattbrugg, 8 Sep 1937, Wolfgang Weyrauch leg., HUMCZ coll., labeled as follows: 1. "W. Weyrauch" [printed], "Glattbrugg bei
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zürich">Zuerich</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 8.9.37" [handwritten]. 2. "
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistula bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistula bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
|
Weyrauch 1938" [handwritten]; 3. "Glattbrug [sic] nr Zurich Switzerland [handwritten; most probably added posteriorly]; 4. "
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="99" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
|
♂ Weyr. paratype." [handwritten; probably added posteriorly].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="100" pageId="32" pageNumber="99">
|
|
Paratypes: 1 ♀ (RN0412): Austria, Burgenland, Stadtschlaining, Goberling, 18 May 1990, Michael Madl leg., NHMW coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0399): Czech Republic, South Bohemia, Stachy,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Úbislav">Ubislav</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 12 Oct 2005, village, Libor
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dvořák">Dvorak</normalizedToken>
|
|
leg., LD coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0398): Vlkov nad
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lužnicí">Luznici</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 18 Sep 2004, P. Bogusch leg., LD coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0378): France,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Isère">Isere</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Le
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Champ-près-Froges">Champ-pres-Froges</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 200 m, 15 Aug 2003, sand pit, J. & I. Smit leg., JS coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0282) + 1 ♂ (RN0284): Germany,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Wuerttemberg</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Blaustein, Lautertal westl. Weidach, 30 Aug 1988, Volker Mauss leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0362): Kaiserstuhl, 30 Jun 1938, J.P. Wolf leg., ETHZ coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0283): Michelfeld, Gnadental, 24 Nov 1992, Volker Mauss leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0388): Bavaria, Weichs, Weichser Moos,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="48.382">48°22'55.2"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="11.433001">11°25'58.8"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, fen, 31 Jul 1991, Stephan Blank leg., SDEI coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0162): Principality of Liechtenstein, Ruggell,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.232494">47°13'56.98"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.662113">09°39'43.61"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 444 m, 27 Aug 1996, dam, Simon Bieri leg., ETHZ coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0164): Schaan,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.184036">47°11'02.53"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.524753">09°31'29.11"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 455 m, 24 Sep 1997, Simon Bieri leg., ETHZ coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0400): Slovakia,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Trenčín">Trencin</normalizedToken>
|
|
Region, Bzince pod Javorinou, 06 Aug 2004, glade, Libor
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dvořák">Dvorak</normalizedToken>
|
|
leg., LD coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0230): SWITZERLAND, CANTON BASLE-City, Basel, Badischer Bahnhof,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.58059">47°34'50.12"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.6021194">07°36'07.63"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 255 m, 18 Aug 1995, ruderal field, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0377): CANTON BERNE, Bern, 22 Jul 1883, Theodor Steck leg., NMBE coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0374) + 2 ♂ (RN0375, RN0376):
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bätterkinden">Baetterkinden</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 24 Aug 1887, Theodor Steck leg., NMBE coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0161): Gampelen, Seewald, 16 Aug 1994, Richard Vernier leg., MHNN coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0158): CANTON Jura, Damphreux, Les Coeudres,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.473206">47°28'23.54"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.10965">07°06'34.74"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 430 m, 22 Aug 2003, Christian Monnerat leg., MHNN coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0157): Courroux, Le Quenet,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.379658">47°22'46.78"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.3611665">07°21'40.20"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 510 m, 01 Oct 2004, Christian Monnerat leg., MHNN coll.; 2 ♂ (RN0155, RN0159):
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Courtemaîche">Courtemaiche</normalizedToken>
|
|
, La
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Colombière">Colombiere</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.463577">47°27'48.87"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="7.0498276">07°02'59.38"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 390 m, 22 Aug 2003, Christian
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="33" pageNumber="100" start="start">Monnerat</pageBreakToken>
|
|
leg., MHNN coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0386): CANTON Ticino, Meride, Fontana,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="45.895557">45°53'44"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="8.946111">08°56'46"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 595 m, 24 Aug 1997, Ladislaus Rezbanyai-Reser leg., NML coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0387): Muggio, Muggiasca,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="45.910835">45°54'39"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="9.0225">09°01'21"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 980 m, 16 Aug 1996, Ladislaus Rezbanyai-Reser leg., NML coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0394): CANTON Valais, Brig, 09 Aug 1916, anon. leg., ETHZ coll.; 2 ♂ (RN0198, RN0199): CANTON Vaud,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bussigny-près-Lausanne">Bussigny-pres-Lausanne</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 16 Aug 1962, Robert Matthey leg., MZL coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0360) + 1 ♂ (RN0361): Lausanne, Aug 1942, Jacques de Beaumont leg., MFNB coll.; 3 ♂ (RN0200, RN0203, RN0204): Lausanne, Vidy, 02 Aug 1943, Jacques de Beaumont leg., MZL coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0046): Noville, Longes Rayes,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.389256">46°23'21.32"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.8919525">06°53'31.03"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 273 m, 23 Aug 2011, shrubberies, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 5 ♀ (RN0047, RN0048, RN0049, RN0050, RN0051):
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.387302">46°23'14.28"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.892961">06°53'34.66"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 273 m, 23 Aug 2011, tall herbaceous vegetation, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0160): Saint-Livres, Les
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mossières">Mossieres</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.53402">46°32'02.47"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.3655057">06°21'55.82"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 700 m, 21 Aug 2002, Christian Monnerat leg., MHNN coll.; 2 ♂ (RN0201, RN0202): Saint-Sulpice, Jul 1943, Jacques de Beaumont leg., MZL coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0114): Villars-sous-Yens, Arborex,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.503063">46°30'11.03"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="6.4200306">06°25'12.11"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 510 m, 25 Aug 2010, fen, Christian Monnerat leg., MHNN coll.; 2 ♀ (RN0277, RN0278): CANTON ZUG,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hünenberg">Huenenberg</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rüssspitz">Ruessspitz</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.235943">47°14'09.40"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.410969">08°24'39.49"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 389 m, 10 Jul 2012, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., ETHZ coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0279):
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.238224">47°14'17.60"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.407708">08°24'27.75"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 389 m, 20 Aug 2012, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., AMNH coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0275): CANTON ZURICH, Bauma, Fischbach,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.38352">47°23'00.66"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.846749">08°50'48.30"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 660 m, 04 Jul 2012, abandoned pit, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 2 ♀ (RN0167, RN0168): 08 Aug 2012, abandoned pit, Rainer Neumeyer leg., CSE coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0152):
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mönchaltorf">Moenchaltorf</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Seewisen,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.321564">47°19'17.63"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.698772">08°41'55.58"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 436 m, 21 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., AMNH coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0003):
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pfäffikon">Pfaeffikon</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Auslikon,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.345013">47°20'42.05"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.797995">08°47'52.78"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 539 m, 20 Jun 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 3 ♀ (RN0018, RN0019, RN0020):
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.34637">47°20'46.94"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.797328">08°47'50.38"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 539 m, 10 Aug 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0078):
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pfäffikon">Pfaeffikon</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Irgenhuserriet,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.349762">47°20'59.15"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.797217">08°47'49.98"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 539 m, 06 Sep 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 2 ♀ (RN0033, RN0034):
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Seegräben">Seegraeben</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Schlachtmad,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.339817">47°20'23.35"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.776822">08°46'36.56"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 537 m, 19 Aug 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ + 2 ♂ (RN0138, RN0153, RN0154): Schwerzenbach,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böschen">Boeschen</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.372684">47°22'21.67"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.667065">08°40'01.43"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 436 m, same nest as holotype, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., NMBE coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0276): Weiach,
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rüteren">Rueteren</normalizedToken>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.56756">47°34'03.21"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.44575">08°26'44.70"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 365 m, 02 Apr 2005, gravel pit, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0035): Wetzikon, Agerstenriet,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.33521">47°20'06.75"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.782619">08°46'57.43"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 538 m, 19 Aug 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 2 ♀ (RN0012, RN0013): Wetzikon, Seeriet,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.341732">47°20'30.24"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.786359">08°47'10.89"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 538 m, 05 Aug 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0081): 09 Sep 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0014): Wetzikon, Robenhuserriet,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.338654">47°20'19.16"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.784098">08°47'02.75"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 538 m, 05 Aug 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0017):
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.337833">47°20'16.20"N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.792875">08°47'34.35"E</geoCoordinate>
|
|
, 539 m, 05 Aug 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0163):
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zürich">Zuerich</normalizedToken>
|
|
, <1900, anon. leg., ETHZ coll.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |