407 lines
51 KiB
XML
407 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="6AB1D36F68E32FD7EF7F69A371561B29" ID-CLB-Dataset="5426" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d32f9c2-3094-425b-bb7e-9c6e0517d4fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927721" ID-ZooBank="AA7FEED5-5C1F-48D0-A172-5C25C4001DF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623431431244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał & Caldara, Roberto" docDate="2014" docId="A65B8792F31F1F1F67B4BADC8BF5AB8F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03839p083.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3839 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tychius striatulus Gyllenhal 1836" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="5A62FFEAF3181F186723BA028828AC6B" masterDocTitle="Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1699010544010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A61CD9F9D3452DDC960F0CB943253E79">Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3415B9251E658A91371200598CE92EB4">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17C7B6C7ECE9C809A6690EF39478C5B8">Gosik, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2786D7C56D5BF1C4EC7CA827B7253143">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A86FD47A5EFB9045E4BB0B28A30FFC9F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="61ABF9F355C0A3B56390C25EDC3276E4">
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<mods:date id="2280790A422002D978BF7453EB5AF802">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="59292CB06294F1E0EB0858DD9B94D496">2014-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AA84A631A745E6EC7138171EF829B2DE">3839</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="9D42367A31D997158197095B848B2F43" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A65B8792F31F1F1F67B4BADC8BF5AB8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927611" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550432" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927611" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F31F1F1F67B4BADC8BF5AB8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A65B8792F31F1F1F67B4BADC8BF5AB8F" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF31F1F1F67B4BADC8964AD50" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F31F1F1F67B4BADC8ABEAC93" blockId="7.[151,662,222,248]" box="[151,662,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="750581E8F31F1F1F67B4BADC8ABEAC93" bold="true" box="[151,662,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F31F1F1F67B4BADC8ABEAC93" ID-CoL="7CYR4" authority="Gyllenhal, 1836" authorityName="Gyllenhal" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,662,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatulus">
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67B4BADC8ABEAC93" bold="true" box="[151,662,222,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67B4BADC88DFAC93" bold="true" box="[151,247,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tychius</emphasis>
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(s. str.)
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F667ABADC89E3AC93" bold="true" box="[345,459,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">striatulus</emphasis>
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Gyllenhal, 1836
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F31F1F1F67B4BB278964AD50" blockId="7.[151,332,293,315]" box="[151,332,293,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F31F1F1F67B4BB278960AD50" author="Caldara, R." box="[151,328,293,315]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990: 89</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF31F1F1F67B4BB658B89AD86" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F31F1F1F67B4BB658B89AD86" blockId="7.[151,1437,359,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67B4BB658956ADEB" bold="true" box="[151,382,359,384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9E9A3CD9F31F1F1F66B2BB658BD4ADCE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323411318" collectingDate="1992-08-03" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" county="Caldara" location="Parodi Ligure" municipality="Alessandria province" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-larva="6" stateProvince="Piemonte">
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF31F1F1F66B2BB6589C7ADEB" box="[401,495,359,384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="larva">6 larvae</specimenCount>
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which emerged from pods of
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F31F1F1F647DBB6A8BD6AD14" authorityName="L.f" authorityYear="1753" box="[862,1022,360,383]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ononis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natrix">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F647DBB6A8BD6AD14" box="[862,1022,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ononis natrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L., collected
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<date id="5A4C1044F31F1F1F6385BB658D0AADEB" box="[1190,1314,359,384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1992-08-03">
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<collectingDate id="4A08E9ACF31F1F1F6385BB658D0AADEB" box="[1190,1314,359,384]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1992-08-03">3.viii.1992</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, at
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<location id="2B2D605FF31F1F1F6270BB6588CCADCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F31F1F1F67B4BADC8BF5AB8F:2B2D605FF31F1F1F6270BB6588CCADCE" country="Italy" county="Caldara" municipality="Alessandria province" name="Parodi Ligure" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Piemonte">Parodi Ligure</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="CE29ACFEF31F1F1F67D3BB8E89CAADCE" box="[240,482,396,421]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Alessandria province</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F31F1F1F66CEBB8E8A7FADCE" box="[493,599,396,421]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Piemonte</collectingRegion>
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(northern
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<collectingCountry id="56E57614F31F1F1F65ECBB8E8B2EADCE" box="[719,774,396,421]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Italy</collectingCountry>
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||
), leg.
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<collectionCode id="48E3AE41F31F1F1F646FBB8E8B4AADC8" box="[844,866,396,419]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">R</collectionCode>
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||
.
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<collectingCounty id="C72C4E08F31F1F1F644DBB8E8BE0ADCE" box="[878,968,396,421]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Caldara</collectingCounty>
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||
, and
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<materialsCitation id="9E9A3CD9F31F1F1F6327BB8E8BB5AD86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323411317" collectingDate="1979-05-25" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" county="Caldara" location="Baratz lake" municipality="Sassari province" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Sardegna">
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF31F1F1F6327BB8E8C45ADCE" box="[1028,1133,396,421]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="larva">one larva</specimenCount>
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||
which emerged from pods of
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||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F31F1F1F6795BBB28934ADAC" authorityName="L.f" authorityYear="1753" box="[182,284,432,455]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ononis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natrix">
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6795BBB28934ADAC" box="[182,284,432,455]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. natrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, collected
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<date id="5A4C1044F31F1F1F66BBBBAD8A21ADA3" box="[408,521,431,456]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1979-05-25">
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||
<collectingDate id="4A08E9ACF31F1F1F66BBBBAD8A21ADA3" box="[408,521,431,456]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1979-05-25">25.v.1979</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, on sand dunes at
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<location id="2B2D605FF31F1F1F65F9BBB28B75ADA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F31F1F1F67B4BADC8BF5AB8F:2B2D605FF31F1F1F65F9BBB28B75ADA3" box="[730,861,431,456]" country="Italy" county="Caldara" municipality="Sassari province" name="Baratz lake" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" stateProvince="Sardegna">Baratz lake</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="CE29ACFEF31F1F1F644ABBAD8C0DADA3" box="[873,1061,431,456]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sassari province</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F31F1F1F6312BBAD8CA6ADA3" box="[1073,1166,431,456]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="56E57614F31F1F1F63BDBBAD8CFEADA3" box="[1182,1238,431,456]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Italy</collectingCountry>
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), leg.
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<collectionCode id="48E3AE41F31F1F1F623FBBB28D1AADAC" box="[1308,1330,432,455]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">R</collectionCode>
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||
.
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<collectingCounty id="C72C4E08F31F1F1F621DBBAD8DB0ADA3" box="[1342,1432,431,456]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Caldara</collectingCounty>
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, all determined by association with adults collected on the same plant
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF31F1F1F67E4BBF58A4CAE7B" box="[199,612,503,528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F31F1F1F67E4BBF58A4CAE7B" blockId="7.[151,1437,359,2022]" box="[199,612,503,528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67E4BBF589E5AE7B" bold="true" box="[199,461,503,528]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF31F1F1F6527BBF58A48AE7B" box="[516,608,503,528]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="27.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 2. Larval setal index of: 1—T. parallelus group (A—T. paralellus); 2—T. striatulus group (B—T. striatulus); 3—T. quinquepunctatus group (C—T. quinqupunctatus); 4—T. intrusus group (D—T. alpinus; E—T. brisouti); 5—T.depressus group (F—T. depressus); 6—T. seriepilosus group (G—T. schneideri); 7—T. siculus group (H—T. capucinus); 8—T. squamulatus group (I—T. caldarai; J—T. squamulatus); 9—T. argentatus group (K—T. argentatus); 10—T. stephensi group (L—T. breviusculus; M—T. curtirostris; N—T. decretus; O—T. meliloti; P—T. pusillus; Q—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F">Table. 2</tableCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF31F1F1F67E4B81E8C6CAB5A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F31F1F1F67E4B81E890BAE33" blockId="7.[151,1437,359,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67E4B81E8A30AE5E" bold="true" box="[199,536,540,565]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
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COLORATION. Head brown to dark brown. All thoracic and abdominal segments light yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F31F1F1F67E4B8668CD3AF57" blockId="7.[151,1437,359,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width:
|
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<quantity id="E90A9B61F31F1F1F6430B8668B93AE10" box="[787,955,612,637]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="0.675" valueMax="0.75" valueMin="0.6">0.60–0.75 mm</quantity>
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(see
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF31F1F1F64DCB8668C75AE16" box="[1023,1117,612,637]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Endocarinal line present, exceeding middle of frons.
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F66F9B88B8A26AECF" box="[474,526,649,676]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F6525B8948A26AECF" attach="left" box="[518,526,662,676]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located almost in central parts of epicarnium;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6314B8858C4CAECF" box="[1079,1124,647,676]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F637FB8948C4CAECF" attach="left" box="[1116,1124,662,676]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</subScript>
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||
</emphasis>
|
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absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F63E9B8858CDFAECF" box="[1226,1271,647,676]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
des
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<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F63CCB8948CDFAECF" attach="left" box="[1263,1271,662,676]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located along frontal suture;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6663B8AC8945AEA0" box="[320,365,686,715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F6646B8BF8945AEA0" attach="left" box="[357,365,701,715]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</subScript>
|
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</emphasis>
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absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F66EDB8AC89D4AEA0" box="[462,508,686,715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F66D7B8BF89D4AEA0" attach="left" box="[500,508,701,715]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally; all of equal length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F64D7B8AC8C60AEAC" box="[1012,1096,686,711]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[185,1389,205,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-136@36.[182,1392,193,1617]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Tychius striatulus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 11—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 12—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 13—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 14—antenna; 15—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 16—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F637CB8B28CABAEA0" box="[1119,1155,688,715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F6358B8BF8CABAEA0" attach="left" box="[1147,1155,701,715]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F639EB8AC8CF0AEA0" box="[1213,1240,686,715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F63F3B8BF8CF0AEA0" attach="left" box="[1232,1240,701,715]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F621AB8AC8D7CAEA0" box="[1337,1364,686,715]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F626FB8BF8D7CAEA0" attach="left" box="[1356,1364,701,715]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
short, located medially;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6642B8D78954AE99" box="[353,380,725,754]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F6657B8E68954AE99" attach="left" box="[372,380,740,754]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anteromedially (along epistoma);
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F647AB8D78B5BAE99" box="[857,883,725,754]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F6448B8E68B5BAE99" attach="left" box="[875,883,740,754]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally (along epistoma), 4 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6603B8FE8912AF72" box="[288,314,764,793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F6611B9098912AF72" attach="left" box="[306,314,779,793]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F6668B8FE89B6AF7E" box="[331,414,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[185,1389,205,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-136@36.[182,1392,193,1617]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Tychius striatulus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 11—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 12—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 13—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 14—antenna; 15—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 16—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6696B8FF89F4AF7F" box="[437,476,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Les</emphasis>
|
||
clearly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F65EBB8FE8ADDAF72" box="[712,757,764,793]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F65CEB9098ADDAF72" attach="left" box="[749,757,779,793]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6426B8FF8B02AF7F" box="[773,810,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ves</emphasis>
|
||
very short. Postepicranial area with group of 3 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67B4B9268894AF50" box="[151,188,804,827]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pes</emphasis>
|
||
. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 2 finger-like, sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F63B9B9218CC6AF57" box="[1178,1262,803,828]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[185,1389,205,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-136@36.[182,1392,193,1617]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Tychius striatulus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 11—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 12—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 13—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 14—antenna; 15—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 16—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F31F1F1F67E4B94589B4A8A6" blockId="7.[151,1437,359,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F660CB94589A8AF0B" box="[303,384,839,864]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[185,1389,205,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-136@36.[182,1392,193,1617]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Tychius striatulus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 11—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 12—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 13—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 14—antenna; 15—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 16—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 3.5 times as wide as long;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6443B9458BA6AF0F" box="[864,910,839,868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F64A5B9548BA6AF0F" attach="left" box="[902,910,854,868]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
2 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6350B9458C8AAF0F" box="[1139,1186,839,868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F63B9B9548C8AAF0F" attach="left" box="[1178,1186,854,868]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6393B9458CF6AF0F" box="[1200,1246,839,868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F63F5B9548CF6AF0F" attach="left" box="[1238,1246,854,868]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67ECB96F88D6AFE0" box="[207,254,877,907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F31F1F1F67D5B97F88D6AFE0" attach="left" box="[246,254,893,907]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior margin double sinuate. Clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F65C2B96F8B1BAFED" box="[737,819,877,902]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[185,1389,205,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-136@36.[182,1392,193,1617]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Tychius striatulus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 11—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 12—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 13—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 14—antenna; 15—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 16—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
) 3.2 times as wide as long; with 2 pairs of short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F627EB96F8D54AFED" box="[1373,1404,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">cls</emphasis>
|
||
of same length, and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F6262B9968DBCAFC6" box="[1345,1428,916,941]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[185,1389,205,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-136@36.[182,1392,193,1617]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Tychius striatulus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 11—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 12—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 13—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 14—antenna; 15—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 16—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6667B9BA894DAFBA" box="[324,357,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">als</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 2 pairs of short and triangular
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F64C1B9BB8C27AFBB" box="[994,1039,953,976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ams</emphasis>
|
||
; with 3 relatively short and fingerlike
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67EAB9DF88DDAF9F" box="[201,245,989,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods short, kidney-shaped, slightly converging posteriorly. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F6351B9DE8CEDAF9E" box="[1138,1221,988,1013]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[185,1389,205,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-136@36.[182,1392,193,1617]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Tychius striatulus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 11—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 12—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 13—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 14—antenna; 15—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 16—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F624BB9DE8DBDAF9E" box="[1384,1429,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F66F5BE028A03A872" box="[470,555,1024,1049]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[185,1389,205,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-136@36.[182,1392,193,1617]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Tychius striatulus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 11—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 12—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 13—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 14—antenna; 15—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 16—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
): stipes with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F65F6BE038B29A873" box="[725,769,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6407BE028B6DA872" box="[804,837,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
of different length, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F634FBE028CB1A872" box="[1132,1177,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
, distinctly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67B4BE268890A856" box="[151,184,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
; mala with 4 straight
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F66EABE2689DEA856" box="[457,502,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">dms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F646FBE278B50A857" box="[844,888,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, moderately long and almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1:1.25; basal palpomera with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6230BE4B8D64A80B" box="[1299,1356,1097,1120]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
; distal palpomera with group of 2–3 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F6328BE6E8C76A8EE" box="[1035,1118,1132,1157]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[185,1389,205,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-136@36.[182,1392,193,1617]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Tychius striatulus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 11—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 12—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 13—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 14—antenna; 15—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 16—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
) heart-shaped, with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F627FBE6F8DBCA8EF" box="[1372,1428,1133,1156]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; margin of ligula slightly rounded, ligula with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6584BE928AECA8C2" box="[679,708,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">lig</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite distinct. Postmentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F63B8BE928CC4A8C2" box="[1179,1260,1168,1193]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–16" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1632,1655]" captionTargetBox="[185,1389,205,1544]" captionTargetId="figure-136@36.[182,1392,193,1617]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 11–16. Tychius striatulus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 11—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 12—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 13—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 14—antenna; 15—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 16—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927729/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 3 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67B4BEB788ECA8A7" box="[151,196,1205,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pms</emphasis>
|
||
different in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F31F1F1F67E4BEDB8981A952" blockId="7.[151,1437,359,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F31F1F1F6554BEDA8AD7A89B" box="[631,767,1240,1265]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.4">3.4–4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF31F1F1F6419BEDA8BBBA89A" box="[826,915,1240,1265]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), elongate. Abdominal segments I–III slightly smaller than abdominal segments IV–VI (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F65A4BEFE8AF7A97E" box="[647,735,1276,1301]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1762,1785]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,241,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-85@37.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Tychius striatulus mature larva habitus: 17—lateral view, 18—lateral view of thoracic segments, 19—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 20—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927731/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spiracles on abdomen in anteromedian parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F31F1F1F67E4BF468A04AA17" blockId="7.[151,1437,359,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Chaetotaxy of body rather reduced. Setae moderately short or very short and light yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F63E5BF468D0EA936" bold="true" box="[1222,1318,1348,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F67BCBF6A88DDA9EA" box="[159,245,1384,1409]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1762,1785]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,241,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-85@37.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Tychius striatulus mature larva habitus: 17—lateral view, 18—lateral view of thoracic segments, 19—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 20—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927731/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 6
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F667DBF6B89ADA9EB" box="[350,389,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">prn</emphasis>
|
||
; all macrosetae of equal length; 2 moderately long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F64CFBF6B8C2DA9EB" box="[1004,1029,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ps</emphasis>
|
||
of same length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F63CABF6B8D26A9EB" box="[1257,1294,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Meso- and metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F6607BF8E895CA9CE" box="[292,372,1420,1445]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1762,1785]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,241,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-85@37.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Tychius striatulus mature larva habitus: 17—lateral view, 18—lateral view of thoracic segments, 19—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 20—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927731/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F66ECBF8F89DBA9CF" box="[463,499,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6535BF8E8A15A9CE" box="[534,573,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; alar area with 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F636ABF8F8C4AA9CF" box="[1097,1122,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">as</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F63D8BF8F8D39A9CF" box="[1275,1297,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6210BF8F8D70A9CF" box="[1331,1368,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6258BF8F8DBCA9CF" box="[1403,1428,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F663EBFB3896AA9A3" box="[285,322,1457,1480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6308BFB28C7DA9A2" box="[1067,1109,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pda</emphasis>
|
||
, equal in length (moderately long).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67FCBFD68973A986" bold="true" box="[223,347,1492,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments I–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F6582BFD68ADAA986" box="[673,754,1492,1517]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1762,1785]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,241,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-85@37.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Tychius striatulus mature larva habitus: 17—lateral view, 18—lateral view of thoracic segments, 19—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 20—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927731/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F646EBFD78B59A987" box="[845,881,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F64B7BFD68B93A986" box="[916,955,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F638DBFD78CECA987" box="[1198,1220,1493,1516]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ss</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F678FBFFB88F9AA7B" box="[172,209,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">eps</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F66E8BFFB89CCAA7B" box="[459,484,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F652ABFFA8A06AA7A" box="[521,558,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F65E0BFFB8AC0AA7B" box="[707,744,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F6301BFFA8C5CAA7A" box="[1058,1140,1528,1553]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1762,1785]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,241,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-85@37.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Tychius striatulus mature larva habitus: 17—lateral view, 18—lateral view of thoracic segments, 19—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 20—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927731/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F63F1BFFB8CDEAA7B" box="[1234,1270,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6238BFFA8D6AAA7A" box="[1307,1346,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6244BFFB8D55AA7B" box="[1383,1405,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ss</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6645BC1F89A3AA5F" box="[358,395,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">eps</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F655CBC1F8AB0AA5F" box="[639,664,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6598BC1E8AC8AA5E" box="[699,736,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6452BC1F8BBEAA5F" box="[881,918,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F639BBC1E8D22AA5E" box="[1208,1290,1564,1589]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1762,1785]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,241,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-85@37.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Tychius striatulus mature larva habitus: 17—lateral view, 18—lateral view of thoracic segments, 19—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 20—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927731/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6246BC1E8D56AA5E" box="[1381,1406,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6687BC438995AA33" box="[420,445,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F652CBC438A04AA33" box="[527,556,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sts</emphasis>
|
||
. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F31F1F1F64FCBC428C18AA32" box="[991,1072,1600,1625]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–20" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1762,1785]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,241,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-85@37.[151,1436,193,1741]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 17–20. Tychius striatulus mature larva habitus: 17—lateral view, 18—lateral view of thoracic segments, 19—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 20—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927731" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927731/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 3 setae, 2 moderately long and 1 very short, feebly visible seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F31F1F1F67E4BC8A8C6CAB5A" blockId="7.[151,1437,359,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67E4BC8A89F3AACA" bold="true" box="[199,475,1672,1697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Biological observations</emphasis>
|
||
. In both localities the collection of the pods was made when only a few of them were ripe and the adults of the species were very numerous on the flowers of the plants and most of them in copula. However after 7–9 days larvae emerged from the pods, that show only a small hole but no other signs of damage. After 12–14 days from collection, the remaining pods were artificially opened and in a few of them died small larvae at first and second instar were found (per cent of collected pods infested 0.5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF31F1F1F67E4BD3E8BF5AB8F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F31F1F1F67E4BD3E8BF5AB8F" blockId="7.[151,1437,359,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F67E4BD3E8913AB3E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1852,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
We did not observe differences in larvae between the specimens from northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F31F1F1F639ABD3E8CC5AB3E" box="[1209,1261,1852,1877]" name="Italy" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
and those from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F31F1F1F67B4BD6288D0AB12" box="[151,248,1888,1913]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
|
||
. It is noteworthy that this species in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F31F1F1F65A8BD628AC0AB12" box="[651,744,1888,1913]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
|
||
is present in one of the several multicoloured varieties known for the species, the so called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F31F1F1F66DABD868B74ABF6" authority="Perris, 1869" authorityName="Perris" authorityYear="1869" box="[505,860,1924,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="variety" variety="deliciosus">
|
||
variety
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F6570BD868AEBABF6" box="[595,707,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">deliciosus</emphasis>
|
||
Perris, 1869
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that apparently seems to completely replace the unicolorous typical form which similarly lives on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F31F1F1F65E4BDAB8B04ABAB" authorityName="L.f" authorityYear="1753" box="[711,812,1961,1984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ononis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="natrix">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F65E4BDAB8B04ABAB" box="[711,812,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">O. natrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Mediterranean region.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F31F1F1F635BBDAA8D16ABAA" authorityName="Gyllenhal" authorityYear="1836" box="[1144,1342,1960,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F635BBDAA8D16ABAA" box="[1144,1342,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tychius striatulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a group of four very closely related species, all of which live on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F31F1F1F64A6BDCF8BFEAB8F" box="[901,982,1997,2020]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ononis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F31F1F1F64A6BDCF8BFEAB8F" box="[901,982,1997,2020]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ononis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |