432 lines
54 KiB
XML
432 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="9A60654AA00DD7B529377C529C6BFBFB" ID-CLB-Dataset="5426" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d32f9c2-3094-425b-bb7e-9c6e0517d4fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927721" ID-ZooBank="AA7FEED5-5C1F-48D0-A172-5C25C4001DF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623431431244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał & Caldara, Roberto" docDate="2014" docId="A65B8792F3171F0867B4BADC8A87ACBE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03839p083.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3839 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tychius caldarai Dieckmann 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="5A62FFEAF3181F186723BA028828AC6B" masterDocTitle="Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1699010544010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DF7DB614731538D2FA582369D2C886D1">Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0EF8F58BCDD5F81FBB6A7105E8DB3AE">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D973FE585035040B2CBE2B5AE43AB26">Gosik, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F54E8A33990AD7AB1F4778DD861DFF4">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3F4B9AE9922F819593CFF5B46C8E536E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5A7D8B4DA4B153A79BAD51980E240FED">
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<mods:date id="B542BB17AB0681D63BB55CBD9C1FA893">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E873393A8EC602856C68C71281DAC03D">2014-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A2D5F34C178CD1F05257E23DF4509701">3839</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A65B8792F3171F0867B4BADC8A87ACBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927631" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550434" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927631" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F3171F0867B4BADC8A87ACBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A65B8792F3171F0867B4BADC8A87ACBE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3171F1767B4BADC8977AD50" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767B4BADC8AB4AC93" blockId="15.[151,668,222,248]" box="[151,668,222,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="750581E8F3171F1767B4BADC8AB4AC93" bold="true" box="[151,668,222,248]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3171F1767B4BADC8AB4AC93" ID-CoL="59RT4" authority="Dieckmann, 1986" authorityName="Dieckmann" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,668,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caldarai">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767B4BADC8AB4AC93" bold="true" box="[151,668,222,248]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767B4BADC88DFAC93" bold="true" box="[151,247,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tychius</emphasis>
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(s. str.)
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17667ABADC8994AC93" bold="true" box="[345,444,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">caldarai</emphasis>
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Dieckmann, 1986
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767B4BB278977AD50" blockId="15.[151,351,293,315]" box="[151,351,293,315]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3171F1767B4BB278973AD50" author="Caldara, R." box="[151,347,293,315]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara, 1990: 168</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3171F1767B4BB658D33ADA3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767B4BB658D33ADA3" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767B4BB658951ADEB" bold="true" box="[151,377,359,384]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9E9A3CD9F3171F1766A5BB658C05ADCE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323411301" collectingDate="1992-06-15" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" county="Caldara" location="Parodi Ligure" municipality="Alessandria province" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-larva="9" stateProvince="Piemonte">
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF3171F1766A5BB6589C8ADEB" box="[390,480,359,384]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="larva">9 larvae</specimenCount>
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obtained from pods of
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3171F1765C7BB6A8C60ADEB" authority="Scop." authorityName="Scop." box="[740,1096,359,384]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dorycnium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentaphyllum">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1765C7BB6A8C29ADEB" box="[740,1025,359,384]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dorycnium pentaphyllum</emphasis>
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Scop.
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</taxonomicName>
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collected
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<date id="5A4C1044F3171F17639ABB658D1AADEB" box="[1209,1330,359,384]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1992-06-15">
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<collectingDate id="4A08E9ACF3171F17639ABB658D1AADEB" box="[1209,1330,359,384]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1992-06-15">15.vi.1992</collectingDate>
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</date>
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at
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<location id="2B2D605FF3171F176270BB6588CCADCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F3171F0867B4BADC8A87ACBE:2B2D605FF3171F176270BB6588CCADCE" country="Italy" county="Caldara" municipality="Alessandria province" name="Parodi Ligure" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Piemonte">Parodi Ligure</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="CE29ACFEF3171F1767D5BB8E89C4ADCE" box="[246,492,396,421]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Alessandria province</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F3171F1766DDBB8E8A40ADCE" box="[510,616,396,421]" country="Italy" name="Piemonte" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Piemonte</collectingRegion>
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(northern
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<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3171F1765C9BB8E8B09ADCE" box="[746,801,396,421]" name="Italy" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Italy</collectingCountry>
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), leg.
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<collectionCode id="48E3AE41F3171F176451BB8E8BA0ADC8" box="[882,904,396,419]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">R</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectingCounty id="C72C4E08F3171F1764BABB8E8BDBADCE" box="[921,1011,396,421]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Caldara</collectingCounty>
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, and
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</materialsCitation>
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF3171F176319BB8E8CB1ADC8" box="[1082,1177,396,419]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="pupa">7 pupae</specimenCount>
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obtained from larvae collected contemporaneously together with the others, all determined by association with reared adults.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3171F1767E4BBD68A85AD86" box="[199,685,468,493]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767E4BBD68A85AD86" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" box="[199,685,468,493]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767E4BBD689E5AD86" bold="true" box="[199,461,468,493]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3171F176527BBD68A49AD86" box="[516,609,468,493]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="27.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 2. Larval setal index of: 1—T. parallelus group (A—T. paralellus); 2—T. striatulus group (B—T. striatulus); 3—T. quinquepunctatus group (C—T. quinqupunctatus); 4—T. intrusus group (D—T. alpinus; E—T. brisouti); 5—T.depressus group (F—T. depressus); 6—T. seriepilosus group (G—T. schneideri); 7—T. siculus group (H—T. capucinus); 8—T. squamulatus group (I—T. caldarai; J—T. squamulatus); 9—T. argentatus group (K—T. argentatus); 10—T. stephensi group (L—T. breviusculus; M—T. curtirostris; N—T. decretus; O—T. meliloti; P—T. pusillus; Q—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3171F1765BBBBD68A80AD86" box="[664,680,468,493]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="28.[151,241,484,507]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 3. Pupal setal index of: 1—T. quinquepunctatus group (A—T. quinqupunctatus); 2—T. intrusus group (B—T. alpinus; C—T. brisouti); 3—T. depressus group (D—T. depressus); 4—T. seriepilosus group (E—T. schneideri); 5—T. siculus group (F—T. capucinus); 6—T. squamulatus group (G—T. caldarai; H—T. squamulatus); 7—T. argentatus group (I—T. argentatus); 8—T. stephensi group (J—T. breviusculus; K—T. curtirostris; L—T. decretus; M—T. meliloti; N—T. pusillus; O—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10">3</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3171F1767E4BBF58BFFABAF" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767E4BBF5890BAE5E" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767E4BBF58A30AE7B" bold="true" box="[199,536,503,528]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
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COLORATION. Head brown to dark yellow. All thoracic and abdominal segments light yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767E4B84289E0AF7E" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width:
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<quantity id="E90A9B61F3171F176430B83D8B93AE3C" box="[787,955,575,600]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5999999999999996" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="0.38" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.36">0.36–0.40 mm</quantity>
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(see
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3171F1764DCB83D8C75AE33" box="[1023,1117,575,600]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
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). Endocarinal line present, exceeding middle of frons.
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1766E9B86789D5AEEA" box="[458,509,613,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F1766D6B87189D5AEEA" attach="left" box="[501,509,627,641]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1</subScript>
|
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176528B8668A10AEEA" box="[523,568,612,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F176513B8718A10AEEA" attach="left" box="[560,568,627,641]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176565B8668A5BAEEA" box="[582,627,612,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F176548B8718A5BAEEA" attach="left" box="[619,627,627,641]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
and
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17658AB8668AFEAEEA" box="[681,726,612,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F1765EDB8718AFEAEEA" attach="left" box="[718,726,627,641]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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located very near frontal suture;
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17636AB8668C5FAEEA" box="[1097,1143,612,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F17634CB8718C5FAEEA" attach="left" box="[1135,1143,627,641]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
located laterally;
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17621CB8668D45AEEA" box="[1343,1389,612,641]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F176246B8718D45AEEA" attach="left" box="[1381,1389,627,641]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
and
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767B4B88888ECAECC" box="[151,196,650,679]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F17679FB89B88ECAECC" attach="left" box="[188,196,665,679]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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4 times shorter than others (
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176522B8888A06AECC" box="[513,558,650,679]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F176505B89B8A06AECC" attach="left" box="[550,558,665,679]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17651FB8888A41AECC" box="[572,617,650,679]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F176542B89B8A41AECC" attach="left" box="[609,617,665,679]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176555B8888A8BAECC" box="[630,675,650,679]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F1765B8B89B8A8BAECC" attach="left" box="[667,675,665,679]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F176598B8888B27AEC8" box="[699,783,650,675]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–104" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[184,1426,239,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-133@56.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 99–104. Tychius caldarai mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 99—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 100—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 101—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 102—antenna; 103—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 104—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927778/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176401B8898B7DAECC" box="[802,853,651,679]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F17641DB89B8B7DAECC" attach="left" box="[830,853,665,679]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1–3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176492B8888BE4AECC" box="[945,972,650,679]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F1764E7B89B8BE4AECC" attach="left" box="[964,972,665,679]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anteromedially (along epistoma);
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767B4B8B38899AEA5" box="[151,177,689,718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F17678AB8C28899AEA5" attach="left" box="[169,177,704,718]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally (along epistoma) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F1765BAB8B38AD9AEA1" box="[665,753,689,714]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–104" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[184,1426,239,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-133@56.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 99–104. Tychius caldarai mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 99—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 100—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 101—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 102—antenna; 103—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 104—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927778/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17642AB8B08B18AEA2" box="[777,816,690,713]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Les</emphasis>
|
||
almost equal in length as
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17634FB8B38CB1AEA5" box="[1132,1177,689,718]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F1763B2B8C28CB1AEA5" attach="left" box="[1169,1177,704,718]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176388B8B08CF8AEA2" box="[1195,1232,690,713]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ves</emphasis>
|
||
very short. Postepicranial area with 1 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1766D0B8DB8A30AE9B" box="[499,536,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pes</emphasis>
|
||
. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 2 very short, conical, sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F17667AB8FE8993AF7E" box="[345,443,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–104" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[184,1426,239,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-133@56.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 99–104. Tychius caldarai mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 99—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 100—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 101—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 102—antenna; 103—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 104—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927778/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 102</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767E4B92288CCA8C7" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F176613B92289B8AF52" box="[304,400,800,825]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–104" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[184,1426,239,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-133@56.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 99–104. Tychius caldarai mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 99—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 100—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 101—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 102—antenna; 103—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 104—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927778/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 3 times as wide as long;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176440B9228BB9AF56" box="[867,913,800,829]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F1764AAB92D8BB9AF56" attach="left" box="[905,913,815,829]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
slightly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17635FB9228C84AF56" box="[1148,1196,800,829]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F176387B92D8C84AF56" attach="right" box="[1188,1196,815,829]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176399B9228CC1AF56" box="[1210,1257,800,829]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F1763C2B92D8CC1AF56" attach="left" box="[1249,1257,815,829]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
almost of same length as
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176620B9458919AF0F" box="[259,305,839,868]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F17660AB9548919AF0F" attach="left" box="[297,305,854,868]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior margin slightly curved inside. Clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F176443B9458B97AF0B" box="[864,959,839,864]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–104" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[184,1426,239,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-133@56.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 99–104. Tychius caldarai mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 99—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 100—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 101—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 102—antenna; 103—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 104—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927778/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
|
||
) 3.5 times as wide as long; with 2 pairs of very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17663AB96F8910AFED" box="[281,312,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">cls</emphasis>
|
||
of same length, and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F17660AB99089A1AFC0" box="[297,393,914,939]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–104" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[184,1426,239,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-133@56.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 99–104. Tychius caldarai mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 99—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 100—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 101—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 102—antenna; 103—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 104—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927778/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176567B9908A4DAFC0" box="[580,613,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">als</emphasis>
|
||
, almost of equal length; with 2 pairs of short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176344B9918CBCAFC1" box="[1127,1172,915,938]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ams</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176381B9918CFFAFC5" box="[1186,1239,915,942]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F1763ECB9A28CFFAFC5" attach="left" box="[1231,1239,928,942]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767F5B9BB8923AFBE" box="[214,267,953,981]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3171F176620B9C58923AFBE" attach="left" box="[259,267,967,981]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; with 2 long finger-like and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1765FDB9BB8B22AFBB" box="[734,778,953,976]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods short, kidney-shaped, strongly converging posteriorly. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F176682B9DD8A29AF93" box="[417,513,991,1016]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–104" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[184,1426,239,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-133@56.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 99–104. Tychius caldarai mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 99—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 100—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 101—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 102—antenna; 103—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 104—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927778/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1765BFB9DD8AE1AF93" box="[668,713,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">mds</emphasis>
|
||
. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F17641EB9DD8B88AF93" box="[829,928,991,1016]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–104" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[184,1426,239,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-133@56.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 99–104. Tychius caldarai mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 99—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 100—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 101—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 102—antenna; 103—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 104—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927778/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
|
||
): stipes with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176364B9E28C5BAF9C" box="[1095,1139,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1763E6B9DD8CCEAF93" box="[1221,1254,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
of equal length; mala with 4 straight
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17665CBE018984A877" box="[383,428,1027,1052]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">dms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1765C7BE068B38A870" box="[740,784,1028,1051]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, short and almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1:1.3; basal palpomera with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1764E6BE2A8BD7A854" box="[965,1023,1064,1087]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F17659FBE498B35A80F" box="[700,797,1099,1124]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–104" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[184,1426,239,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-133@56.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 99–104. Tychius caldarai mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 99—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 100—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 101—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 102—antenna; 103—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 104—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927778/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost rounded, with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17631CBE4E8C5FA808" box="[1087,1143,1100,1123]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; margin of ligula slightly curved inside; ligula with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1766F1BE6D89C7A8E3" box="[466,495,1135,1160]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">lig</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite distinct. Postmentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F1764E9BE6D8C01A8E3" box="[970,1065,1135,1160]" captionStart="FIGURES 99–104" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1775,1798]" captionTargetBox="[184,1426,239,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-133@56.[151,1436,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 99–104. Tychius caldarai mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 99—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 100—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 101—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 102—antenna; 103—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 104—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927778/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 3 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1763C7BE728D39A8EC" box="[1252,1297,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767E4BEBA8B3CA89F" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3171F1765BCBEB58B06A8A4" box="[671,814,1207,1232]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.0999999999999996" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF3171F17645ABEB58BF2A8BB" box="[889,986,1207,1232]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), elongate. Spiracles on abdomen in anteromedian parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767E4BEFD8D1DA984" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
Chaetotaxy of body reduced. Setae moderately short or very short and light yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1763A4BEFD8CCEA973" bold="true" box="[1159,1254,1279,1304]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F17624DBEFD88EAA957" captionStart="FIGURES 105–108" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[177,1408,259,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-82@57.[139,1448,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 105–108. Tychius caldarai mature larva habitus: 105—lateral view, 106—lateral view of thoracic segments, 107—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 108—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927780/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 106</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 8
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176607BF268963A950" box="[292,331,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">prn</emphasis>
|
||
, 6 macro- and 2 microsetae; 2 moderately long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176456BF268BA6A950" box="[885,910,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ps</emphasis>
|
||
of same length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176344BF268CA4A950" box="[1127,1164,1316,1339]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Meso- and metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F1767BCBF458928A90B" box="[159,256,1351,1376]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–108" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[177,1408,259,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-82@57.[139,1448,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 105–108. Tychius caldarai mature larva habitus: 105—lateral view, 106—lateral view of thoracic segments, 107—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 108—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927780/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 106</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176642BF4A89ADA934" box="[353,389,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176688BF4589FAA90B" box="[427,466,1351,1376]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; alar area with 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1764D1BF4A8C23A934" box="[1010,1035,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">as</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17638FBF4A8CEAA934" box="[1196,1218,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1763CBBF4A8D25A934" box="[1256,1293,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176217BF4A8D65A934" box="[1332,1357,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767F6BF6E88D2A9E8" box="[213,250,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1764ECBF698BD1A9EF" box="[975,1017,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pda</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length (long, moderately long, short).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176604BF8D898AA9C3" bold="true" box="[295,418,1423,1448]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments I–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F1765CEBF8D8B64A9C3" box="[749,844,1423,1448]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–108" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[177,1408,259,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-82@57.[139,1448,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 105–108. Tychius caldarai mature larva habitus: 105—lateral view, 106—lateral view of thoracic segments, 107—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 108—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927780/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 107</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176488BF928BE7A9CC" box="[939,975,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1764D0BF8D8C32A9C3" box="[1011,1050,1423,1448]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17631DBF928C7CA9CC" box="[1086,1108,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17635ABF928CB6A9CC" box="[1145,1182,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1763E0BF928CF4A9CC" box="[1219,1244,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17624CBF928DBCA9CC" box="[1391,1428,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F17669DBFB18A35A9A7" box="[446,541,1459,1484]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–108" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[177,1408,259,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-82@57.[139,1448,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 105–108. Tychius caldarai mature larva habitus: 105—lateral view, 106—lateral view of thoracic segments, 107—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 108—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927780/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17655ABFB18A88A9A7" box="[633,672,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1765E0BFB68AC0A9A0" box="[707,744,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176428BFB68B0CA9A0" box="[779,804,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176497BFB68BF1A9A0" box="[948,985,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F1763DFBFB18D73A9A7" box="[1276,1371,1459,1484]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–108" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[177,1408,259,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-82@57.[139,1448,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 105–108. Tychius caldarai mature larva habitus: 105—lateral view, 106—lateral view of thoracic segments, 107—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 108—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927780/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17678FBFD588EDA99B" box="[172,197,1495,1520]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767CBBFDA8929A984" box="[232,257,1496,1519]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176677BFDA8959A984" box="[340,369,1496,1519]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sts</emphasis>
|
||
. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F17640BBFD58BAFA99B" box="[808,903,1495,1520]" captionStart="FIGURES 105–108" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[177,1408,259,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-82@57.[139,1448,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 105–108. Tychius caldarai mature larva habitus: 105—lateral view, 106—lateral view of thoracic segments, 107—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 108—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927780/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 108</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 very short, feebly visible seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767E4BFF98B7CAA7F" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" box="[199,852,1531,1556]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767E4BFF98992AA7F" bold="true" box="[199,442,1531,1556]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description of pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
COLORATION. Body whitish yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767E4BC2288C6AAEB" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
MORPHOLOGY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F17665CBC1D8A01AA53" box="[383,553,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURES 109–111" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,256,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-66@58.[151,1436,223,1935]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 109–111. Tychius caldarai pupa habitus: 109—ventral view, 110—dorsal view, 111—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., rs—rostral s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927782/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 109–111</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3171F1765FDBC1D8B46AA5C" box="[734,878,1567,1592]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.6">2.6–2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; widest part
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3171F17632CBC1D8CB4AA5C" box="[1039,1180,1567,1592]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF3171F1763C1BC1D8D69AA53" box="[1250,1345,1567,1592]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body elongate. Rostrum long, approximately 6 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum 1.5 times as wide as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767E4BC898BC4AB33" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
CHAETOTAXY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3171F176656BC898A32AACF" box="[373,538,1675,1700]" captionStart="FIGURES 109–111" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,256,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-66@58.[151,1436,223,1935]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 109–111. Tychius caldarai pupa habitus: 109—ventral view, 110—dorsal view, 111—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., rs—rostral s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927782" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927782/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 109–111</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae distinct, moderately long, unequal in length, light brown; on pronotum and head placed on small protuberances. Head capsule including 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1764B0BCB28B82AAAC" box="[915,938,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">vs</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1764ECBCB28BC0AAAC" box="[975,1000,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">os</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17631DBCB28C4DAAAC" box="[1086,1125,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostrum with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17620EBCB28D6BAAAC" box="[1325,1347,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">rs</emphasis>
|
||
located medially.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176626BCD68909AA80" box="[261,289,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Vs</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17667BBCD68959AA80" box="[344,369,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">os</emphasis>
|
||
as long as setae on pronotum, distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1764E0BCD68BC2AA80" box="[963,1002,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pas</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176302BCD68C1FAA80" box="[1057,1079,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">rs</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17622ABCD68D0AAA80" box="[1289,1314,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">as</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176265BCD18D71AA87" box="[1350,1369,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17625FBCD18DBDAA87" box="[1404,1429,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767FEBCF588D6AB7B" box="[221,254,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">pls</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17662DBCF5890FAB7B" box="[270,295,1783,1808]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ds</emphasis>
|
||
as long as other setae on pronotum. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with 1 seta. Each apex of femora with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F17661DBD198975AB5F" box="[318,349,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">fes</emphasis>
|
||
. Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed medially and laterally; all abdominal setae located on small, conical protuberances. Pseudocerci slender, slightly curved inside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F1767E4BD618BFFABAF" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767E4BD6189F4AB17" bold="true" box="[199,476,1891,1916]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biological observations</emphasis>
|
||
. Pupae were found in their cells after 8 days from the introduction of larvae into the soil. The pupal stage lasted 10 days. Adults were observed first in pupal cells after another 12 days. No adult left its cell during the following 30 days, and then they were removed artificially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3171F0867E4BDCD8A87ACBE" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3171F0867E4BDCD8A87ACBE" blockId="15.[151,1437,359,2024]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F1767E4BDCD8913AB83" bold="true" box="[199,315,1999,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is monophagous on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3171F176594BDD28BFEAB83" box="[695,982,1999,2024]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dorycnium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentaphyllum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3171F176594BDD28BFEAB83" box="[695,982,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dorycnium pentaphyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and known from south-western Europe. It is very similar to and vicariant with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3081F08656CBA9B8BC0ACDB" authority="Kiesenwetter, 1852" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1852" box="[591,1000,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinnamomeus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08656CBA9B8B2EACC4" box="[591,774,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. cinnamomeus</emphasis>
|
||
Kiesenwetter, 1852
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3081F0863B4BA958CF2ACDB" box="[1175,1242,151,176]" name="Spain" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3081F08626CBA9A8DB4ACC4" box="[1359,1436,152,175]" name="France" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3081F08667CBABE89BAACBE" box="[351,402,188,213]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
living on the same plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |