458 lines
58 KiB
XML
458 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="AA1FC644584634CF78310F47D18A76AA" ID-CLB-Dataset="5426" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d32f9c2-3094-425b-bb7e-9c6e0517d4fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927721" ID-ZooBank="AA7FEED5-5C1F-48D0-A172-5C25C4001DF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623431431244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał & Caldara, Roberto" docDate="2014" docId="A65B8792F3131F1467B4B9FB8921A817" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03839p083.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3839 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tychius depressus Desbrochers 1873" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="5A62FFEAF3181F186723BA028828AC6B" masterDocTitle="Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1699010544010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="F05BF5061CA89B3791E7F2DD6E0562D8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="334FD39AAAFDD35944C056944B107487">
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<mods:title id="9EE0D1F79A4785A5B0FFAEB6DC6BFE7A">Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2A9C02D9B9E2B82DCE1AA39A2206DAE3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="07BC93CAD8D020BABF75E82DC3C51F40">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3B35B6D1CD2F0A87957D0FBB8666E238">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="54222934930A8D8BBB52BC87AE23FCC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="062F2184B677E5127E9B5A784A888256">Gosik, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="768AAE0C9E6B0BC35E5726A302A2AAA0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5EFA96D5DA51A069027C625BCD318A66">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AD1899B8868622B71ECBF411F8ACD15A">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="530995D95F94DBBB16D99F3834202413">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="42F40D6D699E07AD6A7BBB55301D4217">
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<mods:date id="A247BE3F02AA24DB2EF150C2E8F97EE8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9BF62A5640C9A94F67989D90B659B6D0">2014-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B54810BAB47E04EA1970BF60468A1F27">3839</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="EFE86831CF18932888E929822FB62C48" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="080D9ECF7E7EC6E3EB85CC4C372B3932">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="FAEB087C25BDD160E04A223EC6F07982" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="90BAE51593D82275956B0512F60EE3A9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="A65B8792F3131F1467B4B9FB8921A817" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927621" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550435" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927621" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F3131F1467B4B9FB8921A817" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A65B8792F3131F1467B4B9FB8921A817" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3131F1367B4B9FB8971A83D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3131F1367B4B9FB8A92A878" blockId="11.[151,698,1017,1043]" box="[151,698,1017,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading id="750581E8F3131F1367B4B9FB8A92A878" bold="true" box="[151,698,1017,1043]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3131F1367B4B9FB8A92A878" ID-CoL="59RV7" authority="Desbrochers, 1873" authorityName="Desbrochers" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,698,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367B4B9FB8A92A878" bold="true" box="[151,698,1017,1043]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367B4B9FB88DFA878" bold="true" box="[151,247,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tychius</emphasis>
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(s. str.)
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F13667AB9FB89E6A878" bold="true" box="[345,462,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">depressus</emphasis>
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Desbrochers, 1873
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3131F1367B4BE428971A83D" blockId="11.[151,345,1088,1110]" box="[151,345,1088,1110]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3131F1367B4BE42897DA83D" author="Caldara, R." box="[151,341,1088,1110]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990: 147</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3131F1367B4BE808ABBA888" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3131F1367B4BE808ABBA888" blockId="11.[151,1436,1154,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367B4BE8089A8A8F0" bold="true" box="[151,384,1154,1179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="9E9A3CD9F3131F1366A4BE8089E0A8D4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323411302" collectingDate="1979-05-20" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" county="Caldara" location="Fertilia" municipality="Sassari" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-larva="2" stateProvince="Sardegna">
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF3131F1366A4BE8089C8A8F0" box="[391,480,1154,1179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
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from pods of
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3131F1365A3BE808B56A8F0" box="[640,894,1154,1179]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1365A3BE808B56A8F0" box="[640,894,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Medicago polymorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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collected
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<date id="5A4C1044F3131F1364D2BE808C48A8F0" box="[1009,1120,1154,1179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1979-05-20">
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<collectingDate id="4A08E9ACF3131F1364D2BE808C48A8F0" box="[1009,1120,1154,1179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1979-05-20">20.v.1979</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
at
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<location id="2B2D605FF3131F1363A1BE808CFEA8F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F3131F1467B4B9FB8921A817:2B2D605FF3131F1363A1BE808CFEA8F0" box="[1154,1238,1154,1179]" country="Italy" county="Caldara" municipality="Sassari" name="Fertilia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="Sardegna">Fertilia</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="CE29ACFEF3131F1363C2BE808D1BA8F0" box="[1249,1331,1154,1179]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sassari</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F3131F13621CBE808DB4A8F0" box="[1343,1436,1154,1179]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3131F1367BCBEA488FFA8D4" box="[159,215,1190,1215]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Italy</collectingCountry>
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), leg.
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<collectionCode id="48E3AE41F3131F136639BEA58918A8D5" box="[282,304,1191,1214]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectingCounty id="C72C4E08F3131F136618BEA489BDA8D4" box="[315,405,1190,1215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Caldara</collectingCounty>
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, and
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</materialsCitation>
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||
<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF3131F1366ECBEA48A0EA8D5" box="[463,550,1190,1215]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
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obtained from larvae collected contemporaneously together with the others, all determined by association with reared adults.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3131F1367E4BEEC8A85A96C" box="[199,685,1262,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3131F1367E4BEEC8A85A96C" blockId="11.[151,1436,1154,2027]" box="[199,685,1262,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367E4BEEC89E5A96C" bold="true" box="[199,461,1262,1287]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3131F136527BEEC8A49A96C" box="[516,609,1262,1287]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="27.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 2. Larval setal index of: 1—T. parallelus group (A—T. paralellus); 2—T. striatulus group (B—T. striatulus); 3—T. quinquepunctatus group (C—T. quinqupunctatus); 4—T. intrusus group (D—T. alpinus; E—T. brisouti); 5—T.depressus group (F—T. depressus); 6—T. seriepilosus group (G—T. schneideri); 7—T. siculus group (H—T. capucinus); 8—T. squamulatus group (I—T. caldarai; J—T. squamulatus); 9—T. argentatus group (K—T. argentatus); 10—T. stephensi group (L—T. breviusculus; M—T. curtirostris; N—T. decretus; O—T. meliloti; P—T. pusillus; Q—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3131F1365BBBEEC8A80A96C" box="[664,680,1262,1287]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="28.[151,241,484,507]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 3. Pupal setal index of: 1—T. quinquepunctatus group (A—T. quinqupunctatus); 2—T. intrusus group (B—T. alpinus; C—T. brisouti); 3—T. depressus group (D—T. depressus); 4—T. seriepilosus group (E—T. schneideri); 5—T. siculus group (F—T. capucinus); 6—T. squamulatus group (G—T. caldarai; H—T. squamulatus); 7—T. argentatus group (I—T. argentatus); 8—T. stephensi group (J—T. breviusculus; K—T. curtirostris; L—T. decretus; M—T. meliloti; N—T. pusillus; O—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10">3</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3131F1467E4BF108BD0AFA3" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3131F1367E4BF10890BA924" blockId="11.[151,1436,1154,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367E4BF108A30A940" bold="true" box="[199,536,1298,1323]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
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COLORATION. Head brown to dark yellow. All thoracic and abdominal segments light yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3131F1367E4BF598B67AA32" blockId="11.[151,1436,1154,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width:
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<quantity id="E90A9B61F3131F136430BF588B93A919" box="[787,955,1370,1395]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.45999999999999996" valueMax="0.48" valueMin="0.44">0.44–0.48 mm</quantity>
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(see
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3131F1364DCBF588C75A918" box="[1023,1117,1370,1395]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
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). Endocarinal line present, relatively short.
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F13666DBF8289AAA9F7" box="[334,386,1408,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F136659BF8C89AAA9F7" attach="left" box="[378,386,1422,1436]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
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||
</emphasis>
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located almost in central parts of epicarnium;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1364AEBF7C8B93A9F7" box="[909,955,1406,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F136490BF8C8B93A9F7" attach="left" box="[947,955,1422,1436]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located very near frontal suture, near
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F136244BF7C8DBCA9F7" box="[1383,1428,1406,1436]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F1362AFBF8C8DBCA9F7" attach="left" box="[1420,1428,1422,1436]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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;
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367B4BFA788ECA9A9" box="[151,196,1445,1474]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F13679FBFB688ECA9A9" attach="left" box="[188,196,1460,1474]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located along frontal suture;
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F13653ABFA78A6EA9A9" box="[537,582,1445,1474]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F13651DBFB68A6EA9A9" attach="left" box="[574,582,1460,1474]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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absent;
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F13658BBFA78AFDA9A9" box="[680,725,1445,1474]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F1365EEBFB68AFDA9A9" attach="left" box="[717,725,1460,1474]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located anterolaterally;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1364CFBFA78C31A9A9" box="[1004,1049,1445,1474]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F136332BFB68C31A9A9" attach="left" box="[1041,1049,1460,1474]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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4 times shorter than others (
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F13624BBFA78DBDA9A9" box="[1384,1429,1445,1474]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F1362AEBFB68DBDA9A9" attach="left" box="[1421,1429,1460,1474]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
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||
</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367B4BFCE88ECA982" box="[151,196,1484,1513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F13679FBFD988ECA982" attach="left" box="[188,196,1499,1513]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367FBBFCE892DA982" box="[216,261,1484,1513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F1367DEBFD9892DA982" attach="left" box="[253,261,1499,1513]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3131F136600BFCE8955A98E" box="[291,381,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–65" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,209,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-133@47.[191,1396,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 60–65. Tychius depressus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 60—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 61—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 62—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 63—antenna; 64—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 65—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927757/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1366B4BFCF8993A982" box="[407,443,1485,1513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F136690BFD98993A982" attach="left" box="[435,443,1499,1513]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1366DEBFCE8A3FA982" box="[509,535,1484,1513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F13652CBFD98A3FA982" attach="left" box="[527,535,1499,1513]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1365A3BFCE8AB3A982" box="[640,667,1484,1513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F1365B0BFD98AB3A982" attach="left" box="[659,667,1499,1513]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
short, located posteromedially;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F136339BFCE8C1DA982" box="[1050,1077,1484,1513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F13630EBFD98C1DA982" attach="left" box="[1069,1077,1499,1513]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anteromedially (along epistoma);
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F136635BFF18918AA7B" box="[278,304,1523,1552]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F13660BBC008918AA7B" attach="left" box="[296,304,1538,1552]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally (along epistoma), 3 to 4 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F136304BFF18C69AA7B" box="[1063,1089,1523,1552]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F13631ABC008C69AA7B" attach="left" box="[1081,1089,1538,1552]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3131F136371BFF18C80AA67" box="[1106,1192,1523,1548]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–65" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,209,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-133@47.[191,1396,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 60–65. Tychius depressus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 60—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 61—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 62—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 63—antenna; 64—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 65—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927757/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F13639EBFF68CCCAA60" box="[1213,1252,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Les</emphasis>
|
||
almost equal in length as
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F13662ABC18891EAA5C" box="[265,310,1562,1591]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F13660DBC2B891EAA5C" attach="left" box="[302,310,1577,1591]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F13666BBC198945AA59" box="[328,365,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ves</emphasis>
|
||
very short. Post-epicranial area with 2 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1364B5BC198B93AA59" box="[918,955,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pes</emphasis>
|
||
. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 4 very short, conical, sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3131F1365CDBC428B6AAA32" box="[750,834,1600,1625]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–65" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,209,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-133@47.[191,1396,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 60–65. Tychius depressus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 60—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 61—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 62—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 63—antenna; 64—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 65—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927757/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3131F1367E4BC6689FBAB80" blockId="11.[151,1436,1154,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3131F136610BC6689A0AA16" box="[307,392,1636,1661]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–65" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,209,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-133@47.[191,1396,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 60–65. Tychius depressus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 60—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 61—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 62—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 63—antenna; 64—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 65—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927757/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 3 times as wide as long;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F136457BC668B8CAAEA" box="[884,932,1636,1665]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F1364BFBC718B8CAAEA" attach="left" box="[924,932,1651,1665]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1364C1BC668C39AAEA" box="[994,1041,1636,1665]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F13632ABC718C39AAEA" attach="left" box="[1033,1041,1651,1665]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F13638ABC668CF0AAEA" box="[1193,1240,1636,1665]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F1363F3BC718CF0AAEA" attach="left" box="[1232,1240,1651,1665]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior margin slightly curved inside. Clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3131F136521BC898A7BAACF" box="[514,595,1675,1700]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–65" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,209,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-133@47.[191,1396,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 60–65. Tychius depressus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 60—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 61—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 62—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 63—antenna; 64—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 65—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927757/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
|
||
) 3.5 times as wide as long; with 2 pairs of short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F136356BC898CBCAACF" box="[1141,1172,1675,1700]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">cls</emphasis>
|
||
different in length, and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3131F13634ABCAD8C93AAA3" box="[1129,1211,1711,1736]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–65" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,209,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-133@47.[191,1396,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 60–65. Tychius depressus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 60—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 61—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 62—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 63—antenna; 64—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 65—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927757/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F136257BCAD8DBDAAA3" box="[1396,1429,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">als</emphasis>
|
||
, almost of equal length; with 2 pairs of short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1365BBBCD68AEDAA80" box="[664,709,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ams</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1365F6BCD68B22AA9B" box="[725,778,1748,1776]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F136421BCE08B22AA9B" attach="left" box="[770,778,1762,1776]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F13632EBCD68C6BAA9B" box="[1037,1091,1748,1776]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3131F136318BCE08C6BAA9B" attach="right" box="[1083,1091,1762,1776]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, with 2 long finger-like and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367F6BCF98929AB79" box="[213,257,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods relatively long, kidney-shaped, converging posteriorly. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3131F13635FBCF88CE5AB78" box="[1148,1229,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–65" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,209,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-133@47.[191,1396,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 60–65. Tychius depressus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 60—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 61—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 62—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 63—antenna; 64—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 65—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927757/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F13624BBCF88DBDAB78" box="[1384,1429,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mds</emphasis>
|
||
, almost of equal length. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3131F136520BD1C8A7FAB5C" box="[515,599,1822,1847]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–65" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,209,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-133@47.[191,1396,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 60–65. Tychius depressus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 60—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 61—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 62—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 63—antenna; 64—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 65—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927757/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
): stipes with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1365DDBD1D8B02AB5D" box="[766,810,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1364A7BD1C8B8DAB5C" box="[900,933,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
of equal length, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F136387BD1C8CF9AB5C" box="[1188,1233,1822,1847]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
, distinctly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367EEBD4088C6AB30" box="[205,238,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1 sensillum; mala with 4 slightly curved
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1365CDBD408B33AB30" box="[750,795,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">dms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F136368BD418C5FAB31" box="[1099,1143,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, short and almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1:1.6; basal palpomera with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F136234BD658D79AB15" box="[1303,1361,1895,1918]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3131F136305BD888C53ABC8" box="[1062,1147,1930,1955]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–65" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,209,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-133@47.[191,1396,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 60–65. Tychius depressus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 60—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 61—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 62—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 63—antenna; 64—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 65—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927757/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost rounded, with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367B4BDAD88E7ABAD" box="[151,207,1967,1990]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; margin of ligula rounded; ligula with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1365BFBDAC8A91ABAC" box="[668,697,1966,1991]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">lig</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite distinct. Postmentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3131F1363B5BDAC8CC0ABAC" box="[1174,1256,1966,1991]" captionStart="FIGURES 60–65" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1840,1863]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,209,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-133@47.[191,1396,193,1845]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 60–65. Tychius depressus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 60—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 61—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 62—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 63—antenna; 64—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 65—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927757/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 3 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3131F1367B4BDD188ECAB81" box="[151,196,2003,2026]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, almost of equal length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3141F1467E4BA9A8DA1ACBE" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3141F146559BA958B2AACC4" box="[634,770,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.7">3.7–4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF3141F14641DBA958BB0ACDB" box="[830,920,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), elongate. Abdominal segments I–VI almost of equal length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3141F14666DBABE898AACBE" box="[334,418,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,270,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-88@48.[151,1436,223,1735]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Tychius depressus mature larva habitus: 66—lateral view, 67—lateral view of thoracic segments, 68—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 69—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spiracles on abdomen in anteromedian parts of segments (abdominal segments I–VIII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3141F1467E4BADD8AB6AD98" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Chaetotaxy of body reduced. Setae moderately short or very short, and light yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1463ABBADD8CCFAC93" bold="true" box="[1160,1255,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3141F14624DBADD889CAD76" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,270,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-88@48.[151,1436,223,1735]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Tychius depressus mature larva habitus: 66—lateral view, 67—lateral view of thoracic segments, 68—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 69—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 9
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146633BB07891FAD77" box="[272,311,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">prn</emphasis>
|
||
, 6 macro- and 3 microsetae; 2 moderately long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146468BB078B4CAD77" box="[843,868,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ps</emphasis>
|
||
of same length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146311BB078C7FAD77" box="[1074,1111,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Meso- and metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3141F14624CBB06889CAD2B" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,270,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-88@48.[151,1436,223,1735]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Tychius depressus mature larva habitus: 66—lateral view, 67—lateral view of thoracic segments, 68—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 69—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146630BB2B891FAD2B" box="[275,311,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F14667FBB2589ABAD2B" box="[348,387,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; alar area with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146407BB2B8B15AD2B" box="[804,829,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">as</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146441BB2B8B50AD2B" box="[866,888,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1464BEBB2B8BEAAD2B" box="[925,962,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1464CBBB2B8C29AD2B" box="[1000,1025,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1463B5BB2B8C93AD2B" box="[1174,1211,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146582BB4E8AE3AD0E" box="[673,715,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pda</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length (long, moderately long, short).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146203BB4E8DB4AD0E" bold="true" box="[1312,1436,332,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments I–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3141F1466F4BB6D8A0FADE3" box="[471,551,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,270,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-88@48.[151,1436,223,1735]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Tychius depressus mature larva habitus: 66—lateral view, 67—lateral view of thoracic segments, 68—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 69—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1465A0BB738A8FADE3" box="[643,679,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1465EABB6D8AD8ADE3" box="[713,752,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1464C0BB738BD1ADE3" box="[995,1017,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ss</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1463CFBB738D39ADE3" box="[1260,1297,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146210BB738D64ADE3" box="[1331,1356,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F14624CBB6D8DBCADE3" box="[1391,1428,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F14663BBB978915ADC7" box="[280,317,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3141F146551BB968AEBADC6" box="[626,707,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,270,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-88@48.[151,1436,223,1735]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Tychius depressus mature larva habitus: 66—lateral view, 67—lateral view of thoracic segments, 68—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 69—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F14643EBB978B69ADC7" box="[797,833,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146447BB968BA3ADC6" box="[868,907,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pds</emphasis>
|
||
;. 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146497BB978BE2ADC7" box="[948,970,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ss</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F14639EBB978CCAADC7" box="[1213,1250,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146227BB978D35ADC7" box="[1284,1309,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146263BB968D4DADC6" box="[1344,1381,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1467CDBBBB893BADBB" box="[238,275,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3141F14651EBBB58AB8ADBB" box="[573,656,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,270,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-88@48.[151,1436,223,1735]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Tychius depressus mature larva habitus: 66—lateral view, 67—lateral view of thoracic segments, 68—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 69—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1465D2BBB58B22ADBB" box="[753,778,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146412BBBB8B62ADBB" box="[817,842,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146482BBBB8B96ADBB" box="[929,958,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sts</emphasis>
|
||
. Each anal lobe on abdominal segment X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3141F1467BCBBDE88D9AD9E" box="[159,241,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 66–69" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1757,1780]" captionTargetBox="[195,1392,270,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-88@48.[151,1436,223,1735]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 66–69. Tychius depressus mature larva habitus: 66—lateral view, 67—lateral view of thoracic segments, 68—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 69—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927759/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 very short, feebly visible seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3141F1467E4BBFD8B29AE73" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1149]" box="[199,769,511,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1467E4BBFD8992AE73" bold="true" box="[199,442,511,536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description of pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
COLORATION. Body salmon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3141F1467E4B8268962AEEE" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
MORPHOLOGY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3141F14665FB8268A2AAE56" box="[380,514,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–72" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[187,1436,248,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-61@49.[151,1436,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 70–72. Tychius depressus pupa habitus: 70—ventral view, 71—dorsal view, 72—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927761/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 70–72</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3141F14658DB8268B13AE50" box="[686,827,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.4">2.4–2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; widest part
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3141F1464F1B8268C73AE50" box="[978,1115,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF3141F1463BEB8268CD1AE56" box="[1181,1273,548,573]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body rather stocky. Rostrum moderately long, approximately 4 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum 1.8 times as wide as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3141F1467E4B88D8B4FAF36" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
CHAETOTAXY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3141F146650B88D89D0AEC3" box="[371,504,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 70–72" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[187,1436,248,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-61@49.[151,1436,193,1905]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 70–72. Tychius depressus pupa habitus: 70—ventral view, 71—dorsal view, 72—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927761/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs 70–72</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae distinct, moderately long, unequal in length, light brown; on pronotum and head placed on small protuberances. Head capsule including 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F14644AB8B78BA8AEA7" box="[873,896,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">vs</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146484B8B78BE8AEA7" box="[935,960,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">os</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F14633AB8B78C68AEA7" box="[1049,1088,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostrum without setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F14627CB8B78D53AEA7" box="[1375,1403,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Vs</emphasis>
|
||
as long as setae on pronotum, distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1465E3B8DB8AF1AE9B" box="[704,729,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">os</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F14642CB8DB8B1EAE9B" box="[783,822,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146324B8DB8C08AE9B" box="[1031,1056,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">as</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146360B8D58C7EAE9B" box="[1091,1110,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F14635AB8D58CBAAE9B" box="[1145,1170,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1463C7B8D58D2DAE9B" box="[1252,1285,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">pls</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146237B8D58D05AE9B" box="[1300,1325,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ds</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly smaller than other setae on pronotum. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with 1 seta. Each apex of femora with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F14678CB91D88E6AF53" box="[175,206,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">fes</emphasis>
|
||
. Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed medially and laterally; all abdominal setae located on small, conical protuberances. Pseudocerci short, slightly curved inside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3141F1467E4B9658BD0AFA3" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1467E4B96589C0AFEB" bold="true" box="[199,488,871,896]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Biological observations.</emphasis>
|
||
Only 5 % of collected pods were infested by larvae. Also the adults were not numerous on the flowering plants. Pupation was observed 8 days after the introduction of the larvae in the soil. Adults were observed in the cells 10 days later and emerged after a few days.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3141F1467E4B9D68921A817" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3141F1467E4B9D68921A817" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1467E4B9D68913AF86" bold="true" box="[199,315,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3141F146661B9D68A23AF86" authorityName="Desbrochers" authorityYear="1873" box="[322,523,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146661B9D68A23AF86" box="[322,523,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tychius depressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an uncommon species known from central and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3141F146389B9D68CF6AF86" box="[1194,1246,980,1005]" name="Italy" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F3141F1463C9B9D68D04AF86" box="[1258,1324,980,1005]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sicily</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F3141F14621BB9D68DB0AF86" box="[1336,1432,980,1005]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3141F1467B4B9F588C4A87B" box="[151,236,1015,1040]" name="France" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern Africa. It seems monophagous on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3141F146400B9F58C0CA87B" box="[803,1060,1015,1040]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F146400B9F58C0CA87B" box="[803,1060,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Medicago polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. since it was collected on the same plant also in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3141F14669BBE1E89C3A85E" box="[440,491,1052,1077]" name="Italy" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3141F1466D9BE1E8ABDA85E" author="Caldara, R." box="[506,661,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3141F1465F9BE1F8B4AA85E" authorityName="Desbrochers" authorityYear="1873" box="[730,866,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3141F1465F9BE1F8B4AA85E" box="[730,866,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. depressus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is composed of six species distributed in the eastern Mediterranean region and in Southwestern Asia. There are no biological data on the other five species of the group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |