454 lines
56 KiB
XML
454 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="8C4E05E022131825C0BE6DCB987A004F" ID-CLB-Dataset="5426" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d32f9c2-3094-425b-bb7e-9c6e0517d4fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927721" ID-ZooBank="AA7FEED5-5C1F-48D0-A172-5C25C4001DF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623431431244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał & Caldara, Roberto" docDate="2014" docId="A65B8792F30D1F0E67B4BCDC8C22AA91" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03839p083.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3839 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tychius meliloti Stephens 1831" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="5A62FFEAF3181F186723BA028828AC6B" masterDocTitle="Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1699010544010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="209130B71F481F30DB2BAF8FB096D76D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9A72F0338641822E8BDF031801902A48">
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<mods:title id="EDC2BAAD524FB7B3BFFC3A5FEDF0818A">Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="6B9DC31B1AFBB13D08004DFE28615B34" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="0CF9814B04CA403DABF902AFCCC4240E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="14A029BF2112DFFEA7A8519E0D997255">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9474161E76B06231CCFC62B4332CCA8A">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C9BE095931E9FF32067BC45A4C448D5B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="845EC2BE5C527740E580A782BCBF4FA3">Gosik, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="5D8250CD24383D952B947EA132EFCCBE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FD89CDE6ADFE7F49D65877C657AAFBBE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D1C297649A9BD0867F5DCBEBE9A0EB73">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="756801283F6BF12CE2DBD1FA553FF674">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6AF5418577794C70BCC1E403D31A3456">
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<mods:date id="5B8ED27E80F3ADDA242530C5F6DE58E9">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EAA549A605366AF65F5C230A1538AB29">2014-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8E057B6E9EC20FA85C96D6E97D5CA792" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="682E0F697BEBBFBF4A0E03F239EB7B12">3839</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A53BF114446442D1E6E10BF424811946" type="CLB-Dataset">5426</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C63CE9DAF685D8F6CE32855F89DF064C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A65B8792F30D1F0E67B4BCDC8C22AA91" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927653" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550441" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927653" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F30D1F0E67B4BCDC8C22AA91" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A65B8792F30D1F0E67B4BCDC8C22AA91" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30D1F0D67B4BCDC8A58AB54" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67B4BCDC8A5CAA93" blockId="21.[151,628,1758,1784]" box="[151,628,1758,1784]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<heading id="750581E8F30D1F0D67B4BCDC8A5CAA93" bold="true" box="[151,628,1758,1784]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30D1F0D67B4BCDC8A5CAA93" ID-CoL="59S3V" authority="Stephens, 1831" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,628,1758,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67B4BCDC8A5CAA93" bold="true" box="[151,628,1758,1784]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67B4BCDC88DFAA93" bold="true" box="[151,247,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tychius</emphasis>
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(s. str.)
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D667ABCDC899CAA93" bold="true" box="[345,436,1758,1784]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">meliloti</emphasis>
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Stephens, 1831
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67B4BD248A58AB54" blockId="21.[151,624,1830,1855]" box="[151,624,1830,1855]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Clark
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67FFBD25893CAB54" box="[220,276,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
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1878: 646.
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<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F30D1F0D66B9BD248A44AB54" author="Caldara, R." box="[410,620,1830,1855]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990: 179</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30D1F0D67B4BD6C8B20ABA4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67B4BD6C8B20ABA4" blockId="21.[151,1436,1902,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67B4BD6C8954ABEC" bold="true" box="[151,380,1902,1927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9E9A3CD9F30D1F0D66AFBD6C8A61ABC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323411310" collectingDate="1982-07-30" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" county="Caldara" location="Rozzano" municipality="Milano province" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="18" specimenCount-larva="18" stateProvince="Lombardia">
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF30D1F0D66AFBD6C89DFABEC" box="[396,503,1902,1927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="larva">18 larvae</specimenCount>
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from pods of
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30D1F0D6583BD6C8B6EABEC" box="[672,838,1902,1927]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Melilotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6583BD6C8B6EABEC" box="[672,838,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Melilotus alba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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collected
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<date id="5A4C1044F30D1F0D649DBD6C8C16ABEC" box="[958,1086,1902,1927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1982-07-30">
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||
<collectingDate id="4A08E9ACF30D1F0D649DBD6C8C16ABEC" box="[958,1086,1902,1927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1982-07-30">30.vii.1982</collectingDate>
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</date>
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at
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<location id="2B2D605FF30D1F0D6345BD6D8CE3ABED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F30D1F0E67B4BCDC8C22AA91:2B2D605FF30D1F0D6345BD6D8CE3ABED" box="[1126,1227,1903,1926]" country="Italy" county="Caldara" municipality="Milano province" name="Rozzano" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" stateProvince="Lombardia">Rozzano</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="CE29ACFEF30D1F0D63FBBD6C8DB0ABEC" box="[1240,1432,1902,1927]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Milano province</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F30D1F0D67B4BD90893AABC0" box="[151,274,1938,1963]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Lombardia</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="56E57614F30D1F0D6602BD908971ABC0" box="[289,345,1938,1963]" name="Italy" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Italy</collectingCountry>
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), leg.
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<collectionCode id="48E3AE41F30D1F0D66BFBD91899AABC1" box="[412,434,1939,1962]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">R</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectingCounty id="C72C4E08F30D1F0D669FBD908A3EABC0" box="[444,534,1938,1963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Caldara</collectingCounty>
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, and
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</materialsCitation>
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||
<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF30D1F0D6573BD908A9EABC1" box="[592,694,1938,1963]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="pupa">22 pupae</specimenCount>
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reared from larvae collected contemporaneously together with the others, all determined by association with reared adults.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30D1F0D67E4BDD88A85AB98" box="[199,685,2010,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67E4BDD88A85AB98" blockId="21.[151,1436,1902,2035]" box="[199,685,2010,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67E4BDD889E5AB98" bold="true" box="[199,461,2010,2035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30D1F0D6527BDD88A49AB98" box="[516,609,2010,2035]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="27.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 2. Larval setal index of: 1—T. parallelus group (A—T. paralellus); 2—T. striatulus group (B—T. striatulus); 3—T. quinquepunctatus group (C—T. quinqupunctatus); 4—T. intrusus group (D—T. alpinus; E—T. brisouti); 5—T.depressus group (F—T. depressus); 6—T. seriepilosus group (G—T. schneideri); 7—T. siculus group (H—T. capucinus); 8—T. squamulatus group (I—T. caldarai; J—T. squamulatus); 9—T. argentatus group (K—T. argentatus); 10—T. stephensi group (L—T. breviusculus; M—T. curtirostris; N—T. decretus; O—T. meliloti; P—T. pusillus; Q—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30D1F0D65BBBDD88A80AB98" box="[664,680,2010,2035]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="28.[151,241,484,507]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 3. Pupal setal index of: 1—T. quinquepunctatus group (A—T. quinqupunctatus); 2—T. intrusus group (B—T. alpinus; C—T. brisouti); 3—T. depressus group (D—T. depressus); 4—T. seriepilosus group (E—T. schneideri); 5—T. siculus group (F—T. capucinus); 6—T. squamulatus group (G—T. caldarai; H—T. squamulatus); 7—T. argentatus group (I—T. argentatus); 8—T. stephensi group (J—T. breviusculus; K—T. curtirostris; L—T. decretus; M—T. meliloti; N—T. pusillus; O—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10">3</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30E1F0E67E4BA958C08AA01" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67E4BA95890BACBE" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1786]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67E4BA958A30ACDB" bold="true" box="[199,536,151,176]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
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COLORATION. Head brown to dark yellow. All thoracic and abdominal segments light yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67E4BAE28941ADB5" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1786]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width:
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<quantity id="E90A9B61F30E1F0E65D9BADD8BB6AC9C" box="[762,926,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.4" valueMax="0.42" valueMin="0.38">0.38–0.42 mm</quantity>
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(see
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30E1F0E64FFBADD8C1EAC93" box="[988,1078,223,248]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
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). Endocarinal line absent.
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E624ABAE38DB4AC97" box="[1385,1436,225,252]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E62B7BAEC8DB4AC97" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,238,252]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1</subScript>
|
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</emphasis>
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located almost in central parts of epicarnium;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E65EBBB048ADDAD48" box="[712,757,262,291]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E65CEBB178ADDAD48" attach="left" box="[749,757,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located very near frontal suture, near
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E63EDBB048CD3AD48" box="[1230,1275,262,291]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E63D0BB178CD3AD48" attach="left" box="[1267,1275,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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||
;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6233BB048D15AD48" box="[1296,1341,262,291]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6216BB178D15AD48" attach="left" box="[1333,1341,277,291]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">4</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located anterolaterally;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E666BBB2F895DAD21" box="[328,373,301,330]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E664EBB3E895DAD21" attach="left" box="[365,373,316,330]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">5</subScript>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
located laterally;
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6563BB2F8A45AD21" box="[576,621,301,330]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6546BB3E8A45AD21" attach="left" box="[613,621,316,330]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</subScript>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
and
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6587BB2F8AF9AD21" box="[676,721,301,330]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E65EABB3E8AF9AD21" attach="left" box="[713,721,316,330]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">4</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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4 times shorter than others (
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6337BB2F8C6AAD21" box="[1044,1090,301,330]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6319BB3E8C6AAD21" attach="right" box="[1082,1090,316,330]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1</subScript>
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</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6373BB2F8C55AD21" box="[1104,1149,301,330]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6356BB3E8C55AD21" attach="left" box="[1141,1149,316,330]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E63AFBB2F8C91AD21" box="[1164,1209,301,330]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6392BB3E8C91AD21" attach="left" box="[1201,1209,316,330]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E63F1BB2F8D1CAD2D" box="[1234,1332,301,326]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–182" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,247,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-129@74.[151,1436,223,1717]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 177–182. Tychius meliloti mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 177—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 178—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 179—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 180—antenna; 181—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 182—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927816/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 177</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E626BBB2C8D44AD21" box="[1352,1388,302,330]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6247BB3E8D44AD21" attach="left" box="[1380,1388,316,330]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67B4BB568899AD1A" box="[151,177,340,369]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E678ABB618899AD1A" attach="left" box="[169,177,355,369]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E662DBB568901AD1A" box="[270,297,340,369]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6602BB618901AD1A" attach="left" box="[289,297,355,369]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
short, located medially;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E651CBB568A72AD1A" box="[575,602,340,369]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6571BB618A72AD1A" attach="left" box="[594,602,355,369]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anteromedially (along epistoma);
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6310BB568C65AD1A" box="[1075,1101,340,369]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6366BB618C65AD1A" attach="left" box="[1093,1101,355,369]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally (along epistoma), 3 to 4 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E650CBB798A62ADF3" box="[559,586,379,408]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6561BB888A62ADF3" attach="left" box="[578,586,394,408]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E6579BB798A96ADFF" box="[602,702,379,404]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–182" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,247,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-129@74.[151,1436,223,1717]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 177–182. Tychius meliloti mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 177—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 178—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 179—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 180—antenna; 181—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 182—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927816/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 177</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E65F0BB7E8AD2ADF8" box="[723,762,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Les</emphasis>
|
||
almost as long as
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E64F2BB798BD6ADF3" box="[977,1022,379,408]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E64D5BB888BD6ADF3" attach="left" box="[1014,1022,394,408]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E632EBB7E8C1AADF8" box="[1037,1074,380,403]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Ves</emphasis>
|
||
very short. Post epicranial area with group of 3 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6686BBA189E2ADD1" box="[421,458,419,442]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pes</emphasis>
|
||
. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 2 very short, conical, sensilla. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E6622BBC78948ADB5" box="[257,352,453,478]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–182" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,247,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-129@74.[151,1436,223,1717]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 177–182. Tychius meliloti mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 177—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 178—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 179—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 180—antenna; 181—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 182—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927816/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 180</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67E4BBE88B7FAF24" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1786]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E6611BBE889BCAE68" box="[306,404,490,515]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–182" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,247,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-129@74.[151,1436,223,1717]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 177–182. Tychius meliloti mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 177—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 178—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 179—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 180—antenna; 181—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 182—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927816/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 181</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 3.2 times as wide as long;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E64A9BBE88B91AE6D" box="[906,953,490,518]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6492BBFA8B91AE6D" attach="left" box="[945,953,504,518]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E63E3BBE88CC7AE6D" box="[1216,1263,490,518]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E63C4BBFA8CC7AE6D" attach="left" box="[1255,1263,504,518]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E63DCBBE88D06AE6D" box="[1279,1326,490,518]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6205BBFA8D06AE6D" attach="left" box="[1318,1326,504,518]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
of same length as
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6627B812891BAE46" box="[260,307,528,557]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6608B81D891BAE46" attach="left" box="[299,307,543,557]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior margin slightly curved inside. Clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E6444B8128BEFAE42" box="[871,967,528,553]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–182" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,247,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-129@74.[151,1436,223,1717]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 177–182. Tychius meliloti mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 177—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 178—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 179—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 180—antenna; 181—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 182—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927816/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 181</figureCitation>
|
||
) 3.25 times as wide as long; with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67B4B835889EAE3B" box="[151,182,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">cls</emphasis>
|
||
located posterolaterally; anterior margin rounded. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E64B1B8358BDCAE3B" box="[914,1012,567,592]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–182" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,247,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-129@74.[151,1436,223,1717]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 177–182. Tychius meliloti mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 177—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 178—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 179—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 180—antenna; 181—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 182—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927816/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 182</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E639AB8358CF2AE3B" box="[1209,1242,567,592]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">als</emphasis>
|
||
, almost of equal length; with 2 pairs of short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E66F8B85E8A20AE18" box="[475,520,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ams</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6534B85E8A64AE13" box="[535,588,604,632]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6567B8688A64AE13" attach="left" box="[580,588,618,632]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E646EB85E8BAAAE13" box="[845,898,604,632]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6459B8688BAAAE13" attach="left" box="[890,898,618,632]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; with 2 long finger-like and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6202B85E8D65AE18" box="[1313,1357,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods short, kidney-shaped, converging posteriorly. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E6478B8808B94AEF0" box="[859,956,642,667]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–182" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,247,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-129@74.[151,1436,223,1717]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 177–182. Tychius meliloti mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 177—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 178—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 179—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 180—antenna; 181—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 182—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927816/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 179</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E637FB8808CA1AEF0" box="[1116,1161,642,667]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mds</emphasis>
|
||
, almost of equal length. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E67DEB8A48977AED4" box="[253,351,678,703]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–182" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,247,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-129@74.[151,1436,223,1717]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 177–182. Tychius meliloti mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 177—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 178—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 179—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 180—antenna; 181—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 182—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927816/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 178</figureCitation>
|
||
): stipes with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E652BB8A58A1CAED5" box="[520,564,679,702]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E65A6B8A48A8EAED4" box="[645,678,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
of equal length; mala with 4 curved
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6361B8A48C47AED4" box="[1090,1135,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">dms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67B4B8C988EBAE89" box="[151,195,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, short and almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres almost 1:1; basal palpomera with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6685B8ED89C8AF6D" box="[422,480,751,774]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E67BCB9108929AF40" box="[159,257,786,811]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–182" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,247,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-129@74.[151,1436,223,1717]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 177–182. Tychius meliloti mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 177—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 178—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 179—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 180—antenna; 181—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 182—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927816/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 178</figureCitation>
|
||
) trapezoid, with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E66FEB9118A3DAF41" box="[477,533,787,810]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; margin of ligula slightly sinuate, ligula with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6363B9108C75AF40" box="[1088,1117,786,811]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">lig</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite distinct. Postmentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E6611B93489B9AF24" box="[306,401,822,847]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–182" captionStartId="74.[151,264,1739,1762]" captionTargetBox="[168,1425,247,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-129@74.[151,1436,223,1717]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURES 177–182. Tychius meliloti mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 177—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 178—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 179—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 180—antenna; 181—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 182—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927816/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 178</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 3 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6569B9358A5FAF25" box="[586,631,823,846]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67E4B9598D50AFFC" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1786]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30E1F0E6559B9588B2AAF19" box="[634,770,858,883]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.35" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.1">2.1–2.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF30E1F0E641DB9588BB0AF18" box="[830,920,858,883]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), elongate. Abdominal segments I–VI almost of equal in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E6648B97C89E5AFFC" box="[363,461,894,919]" captionStart="FIGURES 183–186" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,255,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-82@75.[119,1468,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 183–186. Tychius meliloti mature larva habitus: 183—lateral view, 184—lateral view of thoracic segments, 185—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 186—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927818/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 183</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spiracles on abdomen in anteromedian parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67E4B9A08C93A8F9" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1786]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Chaetotaxy of body reduced. Setae moderately short or short, and light yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E636FB9A08C84AFD0" bold="true" box="[1100,1196,930,955]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E6210B9A08DBCAFD0" box="[1331,1428,930,955]" captionStart="FIGURES 183–186" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,255,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-82@75.[119,1468,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 183–186. Tychius meliloti mature larva habitus: 183—lateral view, 184—lateral view of thoracic segments, 185—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 186—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927818/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 184</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 8
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67CBB9C58927AFB5" box="[232,271,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">prn</emphasis>
|
||
; 4 macro- and 4 microsetae; 2 moderately long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E641BB9C58B79AFB5" box="[824,849,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ps</emphasis>
|
||
of same length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E630AB9C58C66AFB5" box="[1065,1102,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Meso- and metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E624DB9C488EAA868" captionStart="FIGURES 183–186" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,255,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-82@75.[119,1468,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 183–186. Tychius meliloti mature larva habitus: 183—lateral view, 184—lateral view of thoracic segments, 185—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 186—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927818/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 184</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6600B9E9896FA869" box="[291,327,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E664FB9E889BBA868" box="[364,403,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; alar area with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E645BB9E98BB9A869" box="[888,913,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">as</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E64DBB9E98C26A869" box="[1016,1038,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6317B9E98C71A869" box="[1076,1113,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E635CB9E98CB0A869" box="[1151,1176,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E620CB9E98D7CA869" box="[1327,1364,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6468BE0C8B5DA84C" box="[843,885,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pda</emphasis>
|
||
, equal in length (moderately long).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6203BE0C8DB4A84C" bold="true" box="[1312,1436,1038,1063]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments I–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E66C0BE308A6DA820" box="[483,581,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURES 183–186" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,255,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-82@75.[119,1468,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 183–186. Tychius meliloti mature larva habitus: 183—lateral view, 184—lateral view of thoracic segments, 185—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 186—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927818/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 185</figureCitation>
|
||
) 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6553BE308ABFA820" box="[624,663,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E64BDBE318B9CA821" box="[926,948,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E64FCBE318C2CA821" box="[991,1028,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E630DBE318C6FA821" box="[1070,1095,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E63C4BE318D24A821" box="[1255,1292,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E6618BE5489B2A804" box="[315,410,1110,1135]" captionStart="FIGURES 183–186" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,255,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-82@75.[119,1468,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 183–186. Tychius meliloti mature larva habitus: 183—lateral view, 184—lateral view of thoracic segments, 185—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 186—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927818/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 186</figureCitation>
|
||
) 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E669CBE5489CEA804" box="[447,486,1110,1135]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E652ABE558A37A805" box="[521,543,1111,1134]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6560BE558A40A805" box="[579,616,1111,1134]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E65AFBE558A8DA805" box="[652,677,1111,1134]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E641BBE558B75A805" box="[824,861,1111,1134]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E63A1BE548CC9A804" box="[1154,1249,1110,1135]" captionStart="FIGURES 183–186" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,255,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-82@75.[119,1468,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 183–186. Tychius meliloti mature larva habitus: 183—lateral view, 184—lateral view of thoracic segments, 185—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 186—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927818/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 186</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E621DBE548D7FA804" box="[1342,1367,1110,1135]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6258BE558DBCA805" box="[1403,1428,1111,1134]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67F8BE7988D0A8F9" box="[219,248,1147,1170]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">sts</emphasis>
|
||
. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E658CBE788B26A8F8" box="[687,782,1146,1171]" captionStart="FIGURES 183–186" captionStartId="75.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[167,1426,255,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-82@75.[119,1468,193,1777]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURES 183–186. Tychius meliloti mature larva habitus: 183—lateral view, 184—lateral view of thoracic segments, 185—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 186—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., as—alar s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927818/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 186</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 very short, feebly visible seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67E4BE9C8B29A8DC" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1786]" box="[199,769,1182,1207]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67E4BE9C8992A8DC" bold="true" box="[199,442,1182,1207]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description of pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
COLORATION. Body salmon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67E4BEC18962A948" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1786]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
MORPHOLOGY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E6659BEC08A08A8B0" box="[378,544,1218,1243]" captionStart="FIGURES 187–189" captionStartId="76.[151,264,1960,1983]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,249,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-60@76.[151,1436,223,1939]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURES 187–189. Tychius meliloti pupa habitus: 187—ventral view, 188—dorsal view, 189—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927820/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 187–189</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30E1F0E65E5BEC08B78A8B1" box="[710,848,1218,1243]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; widest part
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30E1F0E64C3BEC08C40A8B1" box="[992,1128,1218,1243]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF30E1F0E6387BEC08CD6A8B0" box="[1188,1278,1218,1243]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body rather stocky. Rostrum very long, approximately 7 times as long as wide, almost reaching metacoxae. Pronotum 1.6 times as wide as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67E4BF2C8C60A995" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1786]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
CHAETOTAXY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30E1F0E6657BF2C8A34A92C" box="[372,540,1326,1351]" captionStart="FIGURES 187–189" captionStartId="76.[151,264,1960,1983]" captionTargetBox="[170,1436,249,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-60@76.[151,1436,223,1939]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURES 187–189. Tychius meliloti pupa habitus: 187—ventral view, 188—dorsal view, 189—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927820/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figs. 187–189</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae distinct, moderately long, unequal in length, light brown; on pronotum and head placed on small protuberances. Head capsule including 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E64A8BF518B8AA901" box="[907,930,1363,1386]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">vs</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E64E5BF518BF7A901" box="[966,991,1363,1386]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">os</emphasis>
|
||
of different length, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6225BF518D05A901" box="[1286,1325,1363,1386]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostrum without setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E661ABF75897DA9E5" box="[313,341,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Vs</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E66A8BF758984A9F8" box="[395,428,1399,1427]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
os
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6687BF878984A9F8" attach="left" box="[420,428,1413,1427]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as long as setae on pronotum, distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E64DBBF758C31A9F8" box="[1016,1049,1399,1427]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
os
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30E1F0E6332BF878C31A9F8" attach="left" box="[1041,1049,1413,1427]" fontSize="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E636CBF758C5EA9E5" box="[1103,1142,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6264BF758D48A9E5" box="[1351,1376,1399,1422]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">as</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E62A1BF748DBDA9E4" box="[1410,1429,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E678EBF9F88EEA9DD" box="[173,198,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E663DBF9F8917A9DD" box="[286,319,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">pls</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E6673BF9F8941A9DD" box="[336,361,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ds</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly smaller than other setae on pronotum. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with 1 seta. Each apex of femora without seta. Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed medially and laterally; all abdominal setae located on small, conical protuberances. Pseudocerci conical, short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67E4BC0B8C08AA01" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1786]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67E4BC0B89CBAA49" bold="true" box="[199,483,1545,1570]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Biological observations.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupation was observed 8 days after the entrance of larvae into the soil. Duration of the pupal stage was 6 days. Adults quickly emerged at the surface 2–3 days later. At the moment of the collection of the mature pods adults were very common and several of them were in copula
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30E1F0E67E4BC778C22AA91" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30E1F0E67E4BC778C22AA91" blockId="22.[151,1437,151,1786]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E67E4BC778913AAE5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1653,1678]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In the same plants where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30E1F0E654BBC748AF2AAE5" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1831" box="[616,730,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E654BBC748AF2AAE5" box="[616,730,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">T. meliloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected, there were also many adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30E1F0E63D1BC748DB4AAE5" authorityName="Desbrochers" authorityYear="1873" box="[1266,1436,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviusculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E63D1BC748DB4AAE5" box="[1266,1436,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">T. breviusculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see the remarks of this species for further details). Previously there was only incomplete information on immatures of this species. In fact
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F30E1F0E66ACBCBF8A74AABD" author="Clark, W. E. & Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M." box="[399,604,1725,1750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="626 - 654" refId="ref37833" refString="Clark, W. E., Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M. (1978) The genus Tychius Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): larvae and pupae of some species, with evaluation of their characters in phylogenetic analysis. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 626 - 654." type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Clark
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30E1F0E66F7BCBC8A24AABD" box="[468,524,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1978)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F30E1F0E642CBCBF8B82AABD" author="Scherf, H." box="[783,938,1725,1750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 335" refId="ref39120" refString="Scherf, H. (1964) Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Okologie). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 506, 1 - 335." type="journal article" year="1964">Scherf (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a brief description of larva without illustration and that this description corresponds with their generic description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |