450 lines
55 KiB
XML
450 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="5F67DF9527237665479A7D707F60DF2A" ID-CLB-Dataset="5426" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d32f9c2-3094-425b-bb7e-9c6e0517d4fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927721" ID-ZooBank="AA7FEED5-5C1F-48D0-A172-5C25C4001DF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623431431244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał & Caldara, Roberto" docDate="2014" docId="A65B8792F30C1F0D67B4BC778B01AAE0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03839p083.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3839 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tychius decretus Tournier 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="5A62FFEAF3181F186723BA028828AC6B" masterDocTitle="Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1699010544010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="597DB51606CBCBCF8D7E8955651A9ACB">Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="61525EEE159F07FCC41C9E8391668F64" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DA0251C44C1262A97C099B137F1A13C3">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8C1011286594EAD0BD33CE8DAD7C74EB">Gosik, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="36138BA1EA63C6217C1F68BBCCD51379" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6F2D5710D5456E253BC1C3AD656BC5F5">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B299C11A7E4F60875E6F04EB12113B76">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AFEB351C29653993AFC7915E2265BC74">
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<mods:date id="344F37CCEA47106CA509B43435E0DFE2">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="11D8897AFDACB5666319942B1CD9D398">2014-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="2DA05AEDDAA7D1824DB82C8F4D97D26A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5A01C6311EC2B405974EFE8B516E2ADA">3839</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AADD6A7611B966CAC47491172EDCC239" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A65B8792F30C1F0D67B4BC778B01AAE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5110107" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5110107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F30C1F0D67B4BC778B01AAE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A65B8792F30C1F0D67B4BC778B01AAE0" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30C1F0C67B4BC778945AAA6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30C1F0C67B4BC778A5EAAE4" blockId="20.[151,630,1653,1679]" box="[151,630,1653,1679]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="750581E8F30C1F0C67B4BC778A5EAAE4" bold="true" box="[151,630,1653,1679]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30C1F0C67B4BC778A5EAAE4" ID-CoL="7CYRR" authority="Tournier 1874" authorityName="Tournier" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,630,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decretus">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30C1F0C67B4BC778A5EAAE4" bold="true" box="[151,630,1653,1679]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30C1F0C67B4BC7788DFAAE4" bold="true" box="[151,247,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Tychius</emphasis>
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(s. str.)
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30C1F0C667ABC778996AAE4" bold="true" box="[345,446,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">decretus</emphasis>
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Tournier 1874
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30C1F0C67B4BCB68945AAA6" blockId="20.[151,365,1716,1741]" box="[151,365,1716,1741]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F30C1F0C67B4BCB68941AAA6" author="Caldara, R." box="[151,361,1716,1741]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990: 193</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30C1F0C67B4BCFE8B20AB36" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30C1F0C67B4BCFE8B20AB36" blockId="20.[151,1436,1788,2029]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30C1F0C67B4BCFE8950AB7E" bold="true" box="[151,376,1788,1813]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9E9A3CD9F30C1F0C66A5BCFE8A12AB52" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323411304" collectingDate="1979-05-28" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" county="Caldara" location="Posada" municipality="Nuoro province" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Sardegna">
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF30C1F0C66A5BCFE89FAAB7E" box="[390,466,1788,1813]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
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from pods of
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30C1F0C654CBCFE8B40AB7F" box="[623,872,1788,1813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resupinatum">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30C1F0C654CBCFE8B40AB7F" box="[623,872,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Trifolium resupinatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. collected
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<date id="5A4C1044F30C1F0C64DABCFE8C4FAB7E" box="[1017,1127,1788,1813]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1979-05-28">
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<collectingDate id="4A08E9ACF30C1F0C64DABCFE8C4FAB7E" box="[1017,1127,1788,1813]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1979-05-28">28.v.1979</collectingDate>
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</date>
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at
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<location id="2B2D605FF30C1F0C63ABBCFE8CF2AB7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F30C1F0D67B4BC778B01AAE0:2B2D605FF30C1F0C63ABBCFE8CF2AB7E" box="[1160,1242,1788,1813]" country="Italy" county="Caldara" municipality="Nuoro province" name="Posada" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" stateProvince="Sardegna">Posada</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="CE29ACFEF30C1F0C63C6BCFF8DB0AB7E" box="[1253,1432,1788,1813]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Nuoro province</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F30C1F0C67B4BD2288DCAB52" box="[151,244,1824,1849]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="56E57614F30C1F0C6625BD228916AB52" box="[262,318,1824,1849]" name="Italy" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Italy</collectingCountry>
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), leg.
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<collectionCode id="48E3AE41F30C1F0C66A4BD2389B5AB53" box="[391,413,1825,1848]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">R</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectingCounty id="C72C4E08F30C1F0C6689BD228A2CAB52" box="[426,516,1824,1849]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Caldara</collectingCounty>
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, and
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</materialsCitation>
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF30C1F0C6567BD228AB7AB53" box="[580,671,1824,1849]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="pupa">8 pupae</specimenCount>
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reared from larvae collected contemporaneously together with the others, all determined by association with reared adults.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30C1F0C67E4BD6A8A85ABEA" box="[199,685,1896,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30C1F0C67E4BD6A8A85ABEA" blockId="20.[151,1436,1788,2029]" box="[199,685,1896,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30C1F0C67E4BD6A89E5ABEA" bold="true" box="[199,461,1896,1921]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30C1F0C6527BD6A8A49ABEA" box="[516,609,1896,1921]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="27.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 2. Larval setal index of: 1—T. parallelus group (A—T. paralellus); 2—T. striatulus group (B—T. striatulus); 3—T. quinquepunctatus group (C—T. quinqupunctatus); 4—T. intrusus group (D—T. alpinus; E—T. brisouti); 5—T.depressus group (F—T. depressus); 6—T. seriepilosus group (G—T. schneideri); 7—T. siculus group (H—T. capucinus); 8—T. squamulatus group (I—T. caldarai; J—T. squamulatus); 9—T. argentatus group (K—T. argentatus); 10—T. stephensi group (L—T. breviusculus; M—T. curtirostris; N—T. decretus; O—T. meliloti; P—T. pusillus; Q—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30C1F0C65BBBD6A8A80ABEA" box="[664,680,1896,1921]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="28.[151,241,484,507]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 3. Pupal setal index of: 1—T. quinquepunctatus group (A—T. quinqupunctatus); 2—T. intrusus group (B—T. alpinus; C—T. brisouti); 3—T. depressus group (D—T. depressus); 4—T. seriepilosus group (E—T. schneideri); 5—T. siculus group (F—T. capucinus); 6—T. squamulatus group (G—T. caldarai; H—T. squamulatus); 7—T. argentatus group (I—T. argentatus); 8—T. stephensi group (J—T. breviusculus; K—T. curtirostris; L—T. decretus; M—T. meliloti; N—T. pusillus; O—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10">3</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30C1F0D67E4BD8E8C69AA74" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30C1F0C67E4BD8E890BABA2" blockId="20.[151,1436,1788,2029]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30C1F0C67E4BD8E8A3FABCE" bold="true" box="[199,535,1932,1957]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
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COLORATION. Head brown or dark yellow. All thoracic and abdominal segments light yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30C1F0D67E4BDD789A8AD1B" blockId="20.[151,1436,1788,2029]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,1675]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width:
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<quantity id="E90A9B61F30C1F0C65DEBDD68B4CAB87" box="[765,868,2004,2029]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
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(see
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30C1F0C6481BDD68BD5AB86" box="[930,1021,2004,2029]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
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). Endocarinal line present, reaching middle of frons.
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6673BA9B89ACACDF" box="[336,388,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Des
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<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D665FBAA489ACACDF" attach="left" box="[380,388,166,180]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located very near frontal suture;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D65D7BA958B09ACDF" box="[756,801,151,180]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D643ABAA48B09ACDF" attach="left" box="[793,801,166,180]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located mediolaterally;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D630CBA958C74ACDF" box="[1071,1116,151,180]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D6377BAA48C74ACDF" attach="left" box="[1108,1116,166,180]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located along frontal suture;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67B4BABC88ECACB0" box="[151,196,190,219]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D679FBACF88ECACB0" attach="left" box="[188,196,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">4</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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very short located along frontal suture;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D65A3BABC8A85ACB0" box="[640,685,190,219]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D6586BACF8A85ACB0" attach="left" box="[677,685,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">5</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located anterolaterally;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6498BABC8BC0ACB0" box="[955,1000,190,219]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D64C3BACF8BC0ACB0" attach="left" box="[992,1000,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">4</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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7 times shorter than
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D63F2BABC8CD6ACB0" box="[1233,1278,190,219]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D63D5BACF8CD6ACB0" attach="left" box="[1270,1278,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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||
and
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6210BABC8D48ACB0" box="[1331,1376,190,219]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D627BBACF8D48ACB0" attach="left" box="[1368,1376,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">5</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D624DBABC88EDAC95" captionStart="FIGURES 164–169" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[162,1412,240,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-113@71.[151,1436,201,1874]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 164–169. Tychius decretus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 164—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 165—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 166—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 167—antenna; 168—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s.," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927810/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 164</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67FDBAE4892AAD69" box="[222,258,230,258]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D67D9BAF6892AAD69" attach="left" box="[250,258,244,258]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6667BAE78977AD69" box="[324,351,229,258]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D6674BAF68977AD69" attach="left" box="[343,351,244,258]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D66EBBAE789CBAD69" box="[456,483,229,258]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D66F8BAF689CBAD69" attach="left" box="[475,483,244,258]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
short, located medially;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6432BAE78B04AD69" box="[785,812,229,258]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D6407BAF68B04AD69" attach="left" box="[804,812,244,258]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anteromedially (along epistoma);
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6207BAE78D16AD69" box="[1316,1342,229,258]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D6215BAF68D16AD69" attach="left" box="[1334,1342,244,258]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally (along epistoma), 4 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D65C9BB0E8B2DAD42" box="[746,773,268,297]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D65DEBB198B2DAD42" attach="left" box="[765,773,283,297]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D6437BB0E8B5FAD4E" box="[788,887,268,293]" captionStart="FIGURES 164–169" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[162,1412,240,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-113@71.[151,1436,201,1874]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 164–169. Tychius decretus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 164—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 165—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 166—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 167—antenna; 168—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s.," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927810/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 164</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D64A9BB0F8B99AD4F" box="[906,945,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Les</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6397BB0E8CCAAD42" box="[1204,1250,268,297]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D63F9BB198CCAAD42" attach="right" box="[1242,1250,283,297]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D63CCBB0F8D3CAD4F" box="[1263,1300,269,292]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ves</emphasis>
|
||
short. Postepicranial area with group of 4 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D656ABB368A46AD20" box="[585,622,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pes</emphasis>
|
||
. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and without sensillum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D6631BB55895BAD1B" box="[274,371,343,368]" captionStart="FIGURES 164–169" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[162,1412,240,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-113@71.[151,1436,201,1874]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 164–169. Tychius decretus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 164—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 165—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 166—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 167—antenna; 168—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s.," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927810/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 167</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67E4BB7989B0AF6C" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1675]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D660CBB7989A7ADFF" box="[303,399,379,404]" captionStart="FIGURES 164–169" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[162,1412,240,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-113@71.[151,1436,201,1874]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 164–169. Tychius decretus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 164—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 165—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 166—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 167—antenna; 168—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s.," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927810/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 168</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 2 times as wide as long;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D647CBB798BA6ADF3" box="[863,910,379,408]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D64A5BB888BA6ADF3" attach="left" box="[902,910,394,408]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
4–5 times shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D63BBBB798CEFADF3" box="[1176,1223,379,408]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D639CBB888CEFADF3" attach="left" box="[1215,1223,394,408]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D63F6BB798D2CADF3" box="[1237,1284,379,408]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D63DFBB888D2CADF3" attach="left" box="[1276,1284,394,408]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
some shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67F2BBA08928ADD5" box="[209,256,418,446]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D67DBBBB28928ADD5" attach="left" box="[248,256,432,446]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior margin doubly sinuate. Clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D65D1BBA08B7CADD0" box="[754,852,418,443]" captionStart="FIGURES 164–169" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[162,1412,240,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-113@71.[151,1436,201,1874]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 164–169. Tychius decretus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 164—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 165—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 166—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 167—antenna; 168—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s.," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927810/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 168</figureCitation>
|
||
) 2 times as wide as long; with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6201BBA08D69ADD0" box="[1314,1345,418,443]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">cls</emphasis>
|
||
located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly rounded. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D644EBBCA8BE7AD8A" box="[877,975,456,481]" captionStart="FIGURES 164–169" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[162,1412,240,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-113@71.[151,1436,201,1874]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 164–169. Tychius decretus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 164—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 165—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 166—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 167—antenna; 168—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s.," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927810/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 169</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D63B7BBCA8C9DAD8A" box="[1172,1205,456,481]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">als</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 2 pairs of short and triangular
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6508BBEF8A70AE6F" box="[555,600,493,516]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ams</emphasis>
|
||
; with 2 pairs of relatively short and finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6355BBEF8C8AAE6F" box="[1142,1186,493,516]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods relatively long, elongate, strongly converging posteriorly. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D6415B8128BBEAE42" box="[822,918,528,553]" captionStart="FIGURES 164–169" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[162,1412,240,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-113@71.[151,1436,201,1874]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 164–169. Tychius decretus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 164—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 165—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 166—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 167—antenna; 168—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s.," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927810/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 166</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6311B8128C77AE42" box="[1074,1119,528,553]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">mds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D67BCB836892AAE26" box="[159,258,564,589]" captionStart="FIGURES 164–169" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[162,1412,240,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-113@71.[151,1436,201,1874]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 164–169. Tychius decretus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 164—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 165—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 166—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 167—antenna; 168—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s.," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927810/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 165</figureCitation>
|
||
): stipes with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6688B83789FFAE27" box="[427,471,565,588]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D66D9B8368A33AE26" box="[506,539,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
of different length,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D65DFB8368B0DAE3A" box="[764,805,564,593]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
pfs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D643EB8418B0DAE3A" attach="left" box="[797,805,579,593]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D630BB8368C78AE3A" box="[1064,1104,564,593]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
pfs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D636BB8418C78AE3A" attach="left" box="[1096,1104,579,593]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6380B8368CF8AE26" box="[1187,1232,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
, distinctly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67EDB85988C7AE1F" box="[206,239,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30D1F0D67CCB86888D2AE13" attach="left" box="[239,250,618,632]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67CCB86888DFAE13" box="[239,247,618,632]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
and 2 sensilla; mala with 4 straight
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D65B3B8598A95AE1F" box="[656,701,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">dms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D64D0B85E8C37AE18" box="[1011,1055,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, short and almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1:1; basal palpomera with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6232B8818D62AEF1" box="[1297,1354,643,666]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
; distal palpomera with group of 4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D64DAB8A48C72AED4" box="[1017,1114,678,703]" captionStart="FIGURES 164–169" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[162,1412,240,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-113@71.[151,1436,201,1874]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 164–169. Tychius decretus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 164—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 165—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 166—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 167—antenna; 168—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s.," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927810/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 165</figureCitation>
|
||
) heart-shaped, with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D627FB8A58DBCAED5" box="[1372,1428,679,702]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; margin of ligula rounded, ligula with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6570B8C88A59AE88" box="[595,625,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">lig</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite distinct. Postmentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D636EB8C88C85AE88" box="[1101,1197,714,739]" captionStart="FIGURES 164–169" captionStartId="71.[151,264,1872,1895]" captionTargetBox="[162,1412,240,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-113@71.[151,1436,201,1874]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="FIGURES 164–169. Tychius decretus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 164—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 165—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., mbs—basioventral s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 166—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 167—antenna; 168—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s.," figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927810/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 165</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 3 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D624BB8C98DBDAE89" box="[1384,1429,715,738]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, almost of equal length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67E4B9118A30AF18" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1675]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30D1F0D6559B9108AF8AF41" box="[634,720,786,811]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF30D1F0D642EB9108B4EAF40" box="[781,870,786,811]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), moderately elongate. Abdominal segments I–III slightly smaller than abdominal segments IV–VI (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D65CAB9348B7AAF24" box="[745,850,822,847]" captionStart="FIGURES 170–173" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[181,1433,270,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-101@72.[151,1436,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 170–173. Tychius decretus mature larva habitus: 170—lateral view, 171—lateral view of thoracic segments, 172—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 173—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927812/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 170</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spiracles on abdomen in anteromedian parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67E4B97C8C26A805" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1675]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Chaetotaxy of body rather reduced. Setae moderately short or very short and light yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D63E5B97C8D0EAFFC" bold="true" box="[1222,1318,894,919]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D67BCB9A088D6AFD0" box="[159,254,930,955]" captionStart="FIGURES 170–173" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[181,1433,270,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-101@72.[151,1436,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 170–173. Tychius decretus mature larva habitus: 170—lateral view, 171—lateral view of thoracic segments, 172—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 173—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927812/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 171</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 6
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6679B9A189A9AFD1" box="[346,385,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">prn</emphasis>
|
||
; all macrosetae of equal length; 1 moderately long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D649FB9A18BFDAFD1" box="[956,981,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D64DBB9A18C35AFD1" box="[1016,1053,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Meso- and metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D6216B9A08DBCAFD0" box="[1333,1428,930,955]" captionStart="FIGURES 170–173" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[181,1433,270,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-101@72.[151,1436,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 170–173. Tychius decretus mature larva habitus: 170—lateral view, 171—lateral view of thoracic segments, 172—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 173—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927812/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 171</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67C4B9C58923AFB5" box="[231,267,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6612B9C48970AFB4" box="[305,344,966,991]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pds</emphasis>
|
||
, almost of same length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D65ABB9C58AB6AFB5" box="[648,670,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D65E7B9C58AC1AFB5" box="[708,745,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6433B9C58B01AFB5" box="[784,809,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D64E2B9C58BCEAFB5" box="[961,998,967,990]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D66E9B9E889DCA868" box="[458,500,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pda</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6526B9E88AA8A868" bold="true" box="[517,640,1002,1027]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments I–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D64F6B9E88C1FA868" box="[981,1079,1002,1027]" captionStart="FIGURES 170–173" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[181,1433,270,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-101@72.[151,1436,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 170–173. Tychius decretus mature larva habitus: 170—lateral view, 171—lateral view of thoracic segments, 172—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 173—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927812/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 172</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D63BFB9E98CE8A869" box="[1180,1216,1003,1026]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D63C9B9E88D39A868" box="[1258,1297,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 3 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6659BE0D89B8A84D" box="[378,400,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6697BE0D89F1A84D" box="[436,473,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D66DDBE0D8A3FA84D" box="[510,535,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6518BE0C8A48A84C" box="[571,608,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D65D7BE0D8B31A84D" box="[756,793,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D6372BE0C8C99A84C" box="[1105,1201,1038,1063]" captionStart="FIGURES 170–173" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[181,1433,270,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-101@72.[151,1436,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 170–173. Tychius decretus mature larva habitus: 170—lateral view, 171—lateral view of thoracic segments, 172—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 173—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927812/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 173</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6233BE0D8D1CA84D" box="[1296,1332,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D627BBE0C8D57A84C" box="[1368,1407,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; 3 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D662CBE31890DA821" box="[271,293,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D666ABE318946A821" box="[329,366,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D66B0BE318984A821" box="[403,428,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D66F3BE3089DDA820" box="[464,501,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D65ABBE318A85A821" box="[648,685,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D64F0BE308C1AA820" box="[979,1074,1074,1099]" captionStart="FIGURES 170–173" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[181,1433,270,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-101@72.[151,1436,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 170–173. Tychius decretus mature larva habitus: 170—lateral view, 171—lateral view of thoracic segments, 172—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 173—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927812/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 173</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D63B3BE308C81A820" box="[1168,1193,1074,1099]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D63EEBE318CCEA821" box="[1229,1254,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6219BE318D7FA821" box="[1338,1367,1075,1098]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">sts</emphasis>
|
||
. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D6522BE548A48A804" box="[513,608,1110,1135]" captionStart="FIGURES 170–173" captionStartId="72.[151,264,1702,1725]" captionTargetBox="[181,1433,270,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-101@72.[151,1436,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 170–173. Tychius decretus mature larva habitus: 170—lateral view, 171—lateral view of thoracic segments, 172—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 173—lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927812/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 173</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 very short, feebly visible seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67E4BE788B7CA8F8" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1675]" box="[199,852,1146,1171]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67E4BE788992A8F8" bold="true" box="[199,442,1146,1171]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description of pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
COLORATION. Body whitish yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67E4BE9D89A6A894" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1675]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
MORPHOLOGY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D665CBE9C8A02A8DC" box="[383,554,1182,1207]" captionStart="FIGURES 174–176" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,253,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-61@73.[151,1436,223,1904]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 174–176. Tychius decretus pupa habitus: 174—ventral view, 175—dorsal view, 176—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927814/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 174–176</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30D1F0D65C3BE9C8B58A8DD" box="[736,880,1182,1207]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.9" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; widest part
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30D1F0D632CBE9C8CB4A8DD" box="[1039,1180,1182,1207]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.6">0.6–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF30D1F0D63C1BE9C8D69A8DC" box="[1250,1345,1182,1207]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body elongate. Rostrum very long, approximately 7 times as long as wide, almost reaching metacoxae. Pronotum 1.4 times as wide as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67E4BF088B60A9BC" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1675]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
CHAETOTAXY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30D1F0D6655BF088A36A948" box="[374,542,1290,1315]" captionStart="FIGURES 174–176" captionStartId="73.[151,264,1926,1949]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,253,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-61@73.[151,1436,223,1904]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURES 174–176. Tychius decretus pupa habitus: 174—ventral view, 175—dorsal view, 176—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927814/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs. 174–176</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae distinct, short, unequal in length, light brown; on pronotum and head placed on small protuberances. Head capsule including 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6400BF2D8B12A92D" box="[803,826,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">vs</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D647CBF2D8B50A92D" box="[863,888,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">os</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D64EEBF2D8BDCA92D" box="[973,1012,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostrum without setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D622CBF2D8D03A92D" box="[1295,1323,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Vs</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6247BF2D8D55A92D" box="[1380,1405,1327,1350]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">os</emphasis>
|
||
as long as setae on pronotum, distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D659FBF518ACBA901" box="[700,739,1363,1386]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6490BF518BE4A901" box="[947,972,1363,1386]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">as</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D64CEBF508C28A900" box="[1005,1024,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6301BF508C13A900" box="[1058,1083,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D63AFBF508C85A900" box="[1164,1197,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">pls</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6398BF508CFCA900" box="[1211,1236,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ds</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly smaller than other setae on pronotum. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with 1 seta. Each apex of femora with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6255BF748DBDA9E4" box="[1398,1429,1398,1423]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">fes</emphasis>
|
||
. Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed medially and laterally; all abdominal setae located on small, conical protuberances. Pseudocerci very short, slightly curved inside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67E4BFE08C69AA74" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1675]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67E4BFE089CBA990" bold="true" box="[199,483,1506,1531]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Biological observations.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupae were found in the cell 7 days later the larvae entered the soil. The duration of the pupal stage was 12 days. Adults were found walking on the surface 3 days later.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30D1F0D67E4BC288B01AAE0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30D1F0D67E4BC288B01AAE0" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1675]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D67E4BC288913AA28" bold="true" box="[199,315,1578,1603]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The same pods, where larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30D1F0D6590BC298B05AA28" authorityName="Tournier" authorityYear="1874" box="[691,813,1578,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decretus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6590BC298B05AA28" box="[691,813,1578,1603]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">T. decretus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected, were more extensively parasitized also by larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30D1F0D6613BC4C8ABFAA0C" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[304,663,1614,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Apionidae" genus="Apion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifolii">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6613BC4C89EDAA0C" box="[304,453,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Apion trifolii</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the same field the closely related species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30D1F0D6395BC4D8D05AA0C" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1842" box="[1206,1325,1614,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6395BC4D8D05AA0C" box="[1206,1325,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">T. pusillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also collected, but living on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30D1F0D6683BC708AB2AAE1" box="[416,666,1650,1675]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Trifolium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resupinatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30D1F0D6683BC708AB2AAE1" box="[416,666,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Trifolium resupinatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |