510 lines
66 KiB
XML
510 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="3553E732CEFA099C8D30EAAD9FD94D0B" ID-CLB-Dataset="5426" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d32f9c2-3094-425b-bb7e-9c6e0517d4fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927721" ID-ZooBank="AA7FEED5-5C1F-48D0-A172-5C25C4001DF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623431431244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał & Caldara, Roberto" docDate="2014" docId="A65B8792F30A1F0B67B4B9648C94A9F6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03839p083.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3839 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tychius breviusculus Desbrochers 1873" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="5A62FFEAF3181F186723BA028828AC6B" masterDocTitle="Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1699010544010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="88DC36F4A708E152356ECF046664EAD2">Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E60B55A1FC3CA4D27F8A7034DA14B757">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B576E5B143D3A8F36E609D89FABD687">Gosik, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3C4AD140CF8B3B6125EDFF9F29A7380">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D2D7FE589F34C7EC60A9993042D742B2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D6D720FB996991BB41AFD1B37F47B4CF">
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<mods:date id="AD1563202E8F7FF981DC4EC016A91186">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B3E73DD3B7EEFC9E723F9349C9D08C53">2014-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6755E9BFA5130C8E81A9AD804558E4F9">3839</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A65B8792F30A1F0B67B4B9648C94A9F6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927645" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927645" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F30A1F0B67B4B9648C94A9F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A65B8792F30A1F0B67B4B9648C94A9F6" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30A1F0A67B4B9648971AFA8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30A1F0A67B4B9648AF7AFEB" blockId="18.[151,735,870,896]" box="[151,735,870,896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="750581E8F30A1F0A67B4B9648AF7AFEB" bold="true" box="[151,735,870,896]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30A1F0A67B4B9648AF7AFEB" ID-CoL="59RSX" authority="Desbrochers, 1873" authorityName="Desbrochers" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,735,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviusculus">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A67B4B9648AF7AFEB" bold="true" box="[151,735,870,896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A67B4B96488DFAFEB" bold="true" box="[151,247,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Tychius</emphasis>
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(s. str.)
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A667AB96489DAAFEB" bold="true" box="[345,498,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">breviusculus</emphasis>
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Desbrochers, 1873
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30A1F0A67B4B9AF8971AFA8" blockId="18.[151,345,941,963]" box="[151,345,941,963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F30A1F0A67B4B9AF897DAFA8" author="Caldara, R." box="[151,341,941,963]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990: 182</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30A1F0A67B4B9ED8C87A83B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30A1F0A67B4B9ED8C87A83B" blockId="18.[151,1436,1007,2019]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A67B4B9ED8954A863" bold="true" box="[151,380,1007,1032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9E9A3CD9F30A1F0A66ADB9ED8BA7A846" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323411309" collectingDate="1982-07-30" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" county="Caldara" location="Rozzano" municipality="Milano province" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-larva="12" stateProvince="Lombardia">
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF30A1F0A66ADB9ED89D1A863" box="[398,505,1007,1032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="larva">12 larvae</specimenCount>
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from pods of
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30A1F0A6587B9ED8B9EA863" authority="Medicus" authorityName="Medicus" box="[676,950,1007,1032]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Melilotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6587B9ED8B62A863" box="[676,842,1007,1032]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Melilotus alba</emphasis>
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Medicus
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</taxonomicName>
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collected
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<date id="5A4C1044F30A1F0A630CB9ED8C87A863" box="[1071,1199,1007,1032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1982-07-30">
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<collectingDate id="4A08E9ACF30A1F0A630CB9ED8C87A863" box="[1071,1199,1007,1032]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1982-07-30">30.vii.1982</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
at
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<location id="2B2D605FF30A1F0A63FBB9F28D15A86C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F30A1F0B67B4B9648C94A9F6:2B2D605FF30A1F0A63FBB9F28D15A86C" box="[1240,1341,1008,1031]" country="Italy" county="Caldara" municipality="Milano province" name="Rozzano" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Lombardia">Rozzano</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="CE29ACFEF30A1F0A6268B9ED88D4A846" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Milano province</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="EC36F866F30A1F0A6635BE1689B9A846" box="[278,401,1044,1069]" country="Italy" name="Lombardia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Lombardia</collectingRegion>
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(northern
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<collectingCountry id="56E57614F30A1F0A6504BE168A76A846" box="[551,606,1044,1069]" name="Italy" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Italy</collectingCountry>
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), leg.
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<collectionCode id="48E3AE41F30A1F0A65E1BE168AF0A840" box="[706,728,1044,1067]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectingCounty id="C72C4E08F30A1F0A65D1BE168B64A846" box="[754,844,1044,1069]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Caldara</collectingCounty>
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, and
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</materialsCitation>
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||
<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF30A1F0A6485BE168C33A840" box="[934,1051,1044,1069]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="pupa">11 pupae</specimenCount>
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reared from larvae collected contemporaneously together with the others, all determined by association with reared adults.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30A1F0A67E4BE5E8A85A81E" box="[199,685,1116,1141]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30A1F0A67E4BE5E8A85A81E" blockId="18.[151,1436,1007,2019]" box="[199,685,1116,1141]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A67E4BE5E89E5A81E" bold="true" box="[199,461,1116,1141]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30A1F0A6527BE5E8A49A81E" box="[516,609,1116,1141]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="27.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 2. Larval setal index of: 1—T. parallelus group (A—T. paralellus); 2—T. striatulus group (B—T. striatulus); 3—T. quinquepunctatus group (C—T. quinqupunctatus); 4—T. intrusus group (D—T. alpinus; E—T. brisouti); 5—T.depressus group (F—T. depressus); 6—T. seriepilosus group (G—T. schneideri); 7—T. siculus group (H—T. capucinus); 8—T. squamulatus group (I—T. caldarai; J—T. squamulatus); 9—T. argentatus group (K—T. argentatus); 10—T. stephensi group (L—T. breviusculus; M—T. curtirostris; N—T. decretus; O—T. meliloti; P—T. pusillus; Q—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30A1F0A65BBBE5E8A80A81E" box="[664,680,1116,1141]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="28.[151,241,484,507]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 3. Pupal setal index of: 1—T. quinquepunctatus group (A—T. quinqupunctatus); 2—T. intrusus group (B—T. alpinus; C—T. brisouti); 3—T. depressus group (D—T. depressus); 4—T. seriepilosus group (E—T. schneideri); 5—T. siculus group (F—T. capucinus); 6—T. squamulatus group (G—T. caldarai; H—T. squamulatus); 7—T. argentatus group (I—T. argentatus); 8—T. stephensi group (J—T. breviusculus; K—T. curtirostris; L—T. decretus; M—T. meliloti; N—T. pusillus; O—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10">3</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30A1F0B67E4BE7D89D1A85E" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30A1F0A67E4BE7D88C7A8D6" blockId="18.[151,1436,1007,2019]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A67E4BE7D8A30A8F3" bold="true" box="[199,536,1151,1176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
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COLORATION. Head brown to dark brown. All thoracic and abdominal segments salmon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30A1F0A67E4BECA8D5FA9CB" blockId="18.[151,1436,1007,2019]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width:
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<quantity id="E90A9B61F30A1F0A6430BEC58B93A8B4" box="[787,955,1223,1248]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.41" valueMax="0.42" valueMin="0.4">0.40–0.42 mm</quantity>
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(see
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF30A1F0A64DCBEC58C75A88B" box="[1023,1117,1223,1248]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
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). Endocarinal line present, relatively short.
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A666DBEEF89AAA962" box="[334,386,1261,1289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A6659BEF989AAA962" attach="left" box="[378,386,1275,1289]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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located almost in central parts of epicarnium;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A64AFBEEE8B92A962" box="[908,954,1260,1289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A6491BEF98B92A962" attach="right" box="[946,954,1275,1289]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
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||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A64EBBEEE8BDDA962" box="[968,1013,1260,1289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A64CEBEF98BDDA962" attach="left" box="[1005,1013,1275,1289]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A630FBEEE8C71A962" box="[1068,1113,1260,1289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A6372BEF98C71A962" attach="left" box="[1105,1113,1275,1289]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
located along frontal suture;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A67B4BF1088ECA944" box="[151,196,1298,1327]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A679FBF2388ECA944" attach="left" box="[188,196,1313,1327]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A66F5BF108A2BA944" box="[470,515,1298,1327]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A66D8BF238A2BA944" attach="left" box="[507,515,1313,1327]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
4 times shorter than
|
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A65D0BF108B08A944" box="[755,800,1298,1327]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A643BBF238B08A944" attach="left" box="[792,800,1313,1327]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A647BBF108BADA944" box="[856,901,1298,1327]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A645EBF238BADA944" attach="left" box="[893,901,1313,1327]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A64B6BF108BD0A940" box="[917,1016,1298,1323]" captionStart="FIGURES 138–143" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[168,1414,220,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-131@65.[151,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 138–143. Tychius breviusculus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 138—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 139—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 140—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 141—antenna; 142—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 143—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 138</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A632FBF118C19A944" box="[1036,1073,1299,1327]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A630ABF238C19A944" attach="left" box="[1065,1073,1313,1327]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A634BBF108CABA944" box="[1128,1155,1298,1327]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A6358BF238CABA944" attach="left" box="[1147,1155,1313,1327]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A63C1BF108CD4A944" box="[1250,1276,1298,1327]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A63D7BF238CD4A944" attach="left" box="[1268,1276,1313,1327]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
short, located medially;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6624BF3B890AA93D" box="[263,290,1337,1366]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A6639BF4A890AA93D" attach="left" box="[282,290,1352,1366]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anteromedially (along epistoma);
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A65DBBF3B8B3BA93D" box="[760,787,1337,1366]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A6428BF4A8B3BA93D" attach="left" box="[779,787,1352,1366]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally (along epistoma), both 3 to 4 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A663EBF628910A916" box="[285,312,1376,1405]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A6613BF6D8910A916" attach="left" box="[304,312,1391,1405]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A6664BF628982A912" box="[327,426,1376,1401]" captionStart="FIGURES 138–143" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[168,1414,220,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-131@65.[151,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 138–143. Tychius breviusculus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 138—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 139—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 140—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 141—antenna; 142—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 143—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 138</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A669DBF6389CDA913" box="[446,485,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Les</emphasis>
|
||
almost as long as
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6597BF628ACAA916" box="[692,738,1376,1405]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A65F9BF6D8ACAA916" attach="right" box="[730,738,1391,1405]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A65D3BF638B04A916" box="[752,812,1377,1405]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Ves
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A6436BF6D8B04A916" attach="left" box="[789,812,1391,1405]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1–2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
very short. Post-epicranial area with group of 3 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A67B4BF8A8894A9F4" box="[151,188,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pes</emphasis>
|
||
. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 3 very short, triangular, sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A622BBF858D41A9CB" box="[1288,1385,1415,1440]" captionStart="FIGURES 138–143" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[168,1414,220,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-131@65.[151,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 138–143. Tychius breviusculus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 138—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 139—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 140—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 141—antenna; 142—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 143—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 141</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30A1F0A67E4BFA98AAFAB60" blockId="18.[151,1436,1007,2019]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Labrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A6612BFA989BBA9AF" box="[305,403,1451,1476]" captionStart="FIGURES 138–143" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[168,1414,220,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-131@65.[151,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 138–143. Tychius breviusculus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 138—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 139—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 140—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 141—antenna; 142—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 143—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 142</figureCitation>
|
||
) approximately 3 times as wide as long;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6457BFA98B8BA9A3" box="[884,931,1451,1480]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A64B8BFB88B8BA9A3" attach="left" box="[923,931,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
slightly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A63B8BFA98CE1A9A3" box="[1179,1225,1451,1480]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A63E2BFB88CE1A9A3" attach="left" box="[1217,1225,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6226BFA98D1CA9A3" box="[1285,1332,1451,1480]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F30A1F0A620FBFB88D1CA9A3" attach="left" box="[1324,1332,1466,1480]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior margin almost straight. Clypeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A652EBFD08A44A980" box="[525,620,1490,1515]" captionStart="FIGURES 138–143" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[168,1414,220,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-131@65.[151,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 138–143. Tychius breviusculus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 138—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 139—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 140—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 141—antenna; 142—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 143—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 142</figureCitation>
|
||
) 2.8 times as wide as long; with 2 pairs of very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A63EABFD08CC0A980" box="[1225,1256,1490,1515]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">cls</emphasis>
|
||
of same length, and 1 sensillum, all posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly sinuate. Epipharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A636EBFF78C87AA65" box="[1101,1199,1525,1550]" captionStart="FIGURES 138–143" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[168,1414,220,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-131@65.[151,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 138–143. Tychius breviusculus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 138—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 139—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 140—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 141—antenna; 142—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 143—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 143</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6257BFF78DBDAA65" box="[1396,1429,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">als</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 2 pairs of short and triangular
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A65DDBC198B03AA59" box="[766,811,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ams</emphasis>
|
||
; with 3 long finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6364BC198C5BAA59" box="[1095,1139,1563,1586]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods short, kidneyshaped, slightly converging posteriorly. Mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A65C4BC3F8B60AA3D" box="[743,840,1597,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 138–143" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[168,1414,220,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-131@65.[151,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 138–143. Tychius breviusculus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 138—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 139—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 140—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 141—antenna; 142—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 143—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 140</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A64C8BC3F8C30AA3D" box="[1003,1048,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">mds</emphasis>
|
||
. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A63B3BC3F8CDDAA3D" box="[1168,1269,1597,1622]" captionStart="FIGURES 138–143" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[168,1414,220,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-131@65.[151,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 138–143. Tychius breviusculus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 138—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 139—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 140—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 141—antenna; 142—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 143—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 139</figureCitation>
|
||
): stipes with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A67B4BC6188EBAA11" box="[151,195,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6635BC60891FAA10" box="[278,311,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
of equal length; mala with 4 straight
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A65C3BC608B25AA10" box="[736,781,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">dms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6367BC618C58AA11" box="[1092,1136,1635,1658]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, short and almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres almost 1:1; basal palpomera with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6278BC858DBDAAF5" box="[1371,1429,1671,1694]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
; distal palpomera with group of 3–4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A6362BCA88C88AAA8" box="[1089,1184,1706,1731]" captionStart="FIGURES 138–143" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[168,1414,220,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-131@65.[151,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 138–143. Tychius breviusculus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 138—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 139—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 140—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 141—antenna; 142—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 143—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 139</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost rounded, with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A678DBCCD88CEAA8D" box="[174,230,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; margin of ligula slightly curved outside; ligula with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6448BCCF8BA0AA8D" box="[875,904,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">lig</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite distinct. Postmentum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A624CBCCF88EAAB60" captionStart="FIGURES 138–143" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1684,1707]" captionTargetBox="[168,1414,220,1636]" captionTargetId="figure-131@65.[151,1436,193,1664]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 138–143. Tychius breviusculus mature larva head, antenna and mouth parts: 138—dorsal view (des—dorsal epicranial s., fs—frontal epicranial s., les—lateral epicranial s., ves—ventral epicranial s., pes—posterior epicranial s., st—stemmata, at—antenna); 139—right maxilla, dorsal view (dms—dorsal malar s., vms—ventral malar s., mpxs—maxillary palps s., pfs—palpiferal s., stps—stipital s.), prementum and postmentum, ventral view (prms—premental s., pms—postmental s., ligs—ligular s.); 140—right mandible (mds—mandible dorsal s.); 141—antenna; 142—labrum and clypeus (cls—clypeal s., lms—labral s.); 143—epipharynx (ams—anteromedial s., als—anteriolateral s., mes—median s., lr—labral rods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927796" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927796/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 139</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 3 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6658BCF18980AB61" box="[379,424,1779,1802]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30A1F0A67E4BD1488C7AB1D" blockId="18.[151,1436,1007,2019]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30A1F0A65A3BD178B21AB46" box="[640,777,1813,1838]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF30A1F0A646BBD178BB4AB45" box="[840,924,1813,1838]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), moderately elongate. Abdominal segments I–VI almost of equal length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A66C2BD388A6DAB38" box="[481,581,1850,1875]" captionStart="FIGURES 144–147" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[250,1378,250,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-84@66.[166,1410,193,1886]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 144–147. Tychius breviusculus mature larva habitus: 144—lateral view, 145—lateral view of thoracic segments, 146—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 147—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927798/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 144</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spiracles on abdomen in anteromedian parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30A1F0B67E4BD808B04AD70" blockId="18.[151,1436,1007,2019]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1438,151,1437]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Chaetotaxy of body rather reduced. Setae moderately long or short and light yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A63ABBD808CC0ABF0" bold="true" box="[1160,1256,1922,1947]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A624DBD8088EAABD5" captionStart="FIGURES 144–147" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[250,1378,250,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-84@66.[166,1410,193,1886]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 144–147. Tychius breviusculus mature larva habitus: 144—lateral view, 145—lateral view of thoracic segments, 146—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 147—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927798/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 8
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6607BDA58963ABD5" box="[292,331,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">prn</emphasis>
|
||
, 6 macro- and 2 microsetae; 2 moderately long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6456BDA58BA6ABD5" box="[885,910,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ps</emphasis>
|
||
of same length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6344BDA58CA4ABD5" box="[1127,1164,1959,1982]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Meso- and metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30A1F0A67BCBDC888D7AB88" box="[159,255,1994,2019]" captionStart="FIGURES 144–147" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[250,1378,250,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-84@66.[166,1410,193,1886]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 144–147. Tychius breviusculus mature larva habitus: 144—lateral view, 145—lateral view of thoracic segments, 146—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 147—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927798/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 145</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A667EBDC989A9AB89" box="[349,385,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6685BDC889E5AB88" box="[422,461,1994,2019]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">pds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6460BDC98B71AB89" box="[835,857,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A645DBDC98B8BAB89" box="[894,931,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A64EBBDC98BC9AB89" box="[968,993,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30A1F0A6316BDC98C72AB89" box="[1077,1114,1995,2018]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6567BA958A46ACDB" box="[580,622,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">pda</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B65A3BA958AD4ACDB" bold="true" box="[640,764,151,176]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments I–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30B1F0B6375BA958C92ACDB" box="[1110,1210,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 144–147" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[250,1378,250,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-84@66.[166,1410,193,1886]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 144–147. Tychius breviusculus mature larva habitus: 144—lateral view, 145—lateral view of thoracic segments, 146—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 147—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927798/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 146</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6207BA9B8D60ACDB" box="[1316,1352,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6256BA958DB4ACDB" box="[1397,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">pds</emphasis>
|
||
different in length; 1 very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6521BABF8A30ACBF" box="[514,536,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B651DBABF8A4BACBF" box="[574,611,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B65AABABF8A8AACBF" box="[649,674,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B65E4BABE8AC4ACBE" box="[711,748,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B64A0BABF8B80ACBF" box="[899,936,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30B1F0B63C0BABE8D6BACBE" box="[1251,1347,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 144–147" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[250,1378,250,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-84@66.[166,1410,193,1886]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 144–147. Tychius breviusculus mature larva habitus: 144—lateral view, 145—lateral view of thoracic segments, 146—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 147—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927798/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 147</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B67B4BADD8896AC93" box="[151,190,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B67C0BAE388D4AC93" box="[227,252,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6602BADD896EAC93" box="[289,326,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B66F8BAE38A28AC93" box="[475,512,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30B1F0B6404BADD8BAFAC93" box="[807,903,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 144–147" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[250,1378,250,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-84@66.[166,1410,193,1886]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 144–147. Tychius breviusculus mature larva habitus: 144—lateral view, 145—lateral view of thoracic segments, 146—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 147—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927798/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 147</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B64C4BADD8C28AC93" box="[999,1024,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ds</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6376BAE38C5AAC93" box="[1109,1138,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">sts</emphasis>
|
||
. Anal lobes on abdominal segment X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30B1F0B663CBB068956AD76" box="[287,382,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 144–147" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1917,1940]" captionTargetBox="[250,1378,250,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-84@66.[166,1410,193,1886]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 144–147. Tychius breviusculus mature larva habitus: 144—lateral view, 145—lateral view of thoracic segments, 146—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 147—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927798/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 147</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1 very short, feebly visible seta.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30B1F0B67E4BB258B29AD2B" blockId="19.[151,1438,151,1437]" box="[199,769,295,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B67E4BB258992AD2B" bold="true" box="[199,442,295,320]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description of pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
COLORATION. Body salmon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30B1F0B67E4BB4E8A05ADC6" blockId="19.[151,1438,151,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
MORPHOLOGY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30B1F0B665CBB4E8A03AD0E" box="[383,555,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 148–150" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1908,1931]" captionTargetBox="[175,1400,228,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-61@67.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 148–150. Tychius breviusculus pupa habitus: 148—ventral view, 149—dorsal view, 150—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927800/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 148–150</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30B1F0B6432BB4E8B58AD08" box="[785,880,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; widest part 0.6–1.0 mm (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF30B1F0B63C1BB4E8D69AD0E" box="[1250,1345,332,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body elongate, slender. Rostrum moderately long, approximately 3 times as long as wide, not reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum 1.5 times as wide as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30B1F0B67E4BBB58BD0AEEE" blockId="19.[151,1438,151,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
CHAETOTAXY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F30B1F0B6650BBB58A32ADBB" box="[371,538,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 148–150" captionStartId="67.[151,264,1908,1931]" captionTargetBox="[175,1400,228,1832]" captionTargetId="figure-61@67.[151,1436,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURES 148–150. Tychius breviusculus pupa habitus: 148—ventral view, 149—dorsal view, 150—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927800/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 148–150</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae slightly distinct, short, unequal in length, light yellow; on pronotum and head placed on small protuberances. Head capsule including 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6474BBDF8B46AD9F" box="[855,878,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">vs</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B64B1BBDF8B83AD9F" box="[914,939,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">os</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B64DEBBDF8C0CAD9F" box="[1021,1060,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostrum without setae. Setae on head slightly shorter than setae on thoracic and abdominal segments. Pronotum with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B637FB8038C5DAE73" box="[1116,1141,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">as</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B63B4BBFD8C82AE73" box="[1175,1194,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B63EFBBFD8CCDAE73" box="[1228,1253,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6215BBFD8D7FAE73" box="[1334,1367,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">pls</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6246BBFD8D56AE73" box="[1381,1406,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ds</emphasis>
|
||
as long as other setae on pronotum. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with 1 seta. Each apex of femora with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6255B8268DBDAE56" box="[1398,1429,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">fes</emphasis>
|
||
. Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed posteromedially and posterolaterally; all abdominal setae located on small, conical protuberances. Pseudocerci very short, slightly curved outside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30B1F0B67E4B88D89D1A85E" blockId="19.[151,1438,151,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B67E4B88D89CEAEC3" bold="true" box="[199,486,655,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Biological observations.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupation 8 days after the entrance of larvae into the soil. Duration of the pupal stadium was 6 days. Adults quickly emerged at the surface 2–3 days later. At the moment of the collection of the mature pods, adults were very common and several of them were in copula. In the same plant also many adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B67B4B8FF8920AF7E" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,264,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B67B4B8FF8920AF7E" box="[151,264,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. meliloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected. 20% pods collected were infested by larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B64ECB8FE8C0CAF7E" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1817" box="[975,1060,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B64ECB8FE8C0CAF7E" box="[975,1060,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tychius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This number apparently small is instead relevant since, as is well known, the number of pods in a single plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B6305B9238C56AF53" box="[1062,1150,799,824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Melilotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6305B9238C56AF53" box="[1062,1150,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very high. Fortunately the living larvae of the two species are easy to distinguish since those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B64F4B9478C61AF36" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1831" box="[983,1097,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B64F4B9478C61AF36" box="[983,1097,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. meliloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the forehalf of the body lemon yellow in colour and the head dark brown, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B646FB96B8BDDAFEB" authorityName="Desbrochers" authorityYear="1873" box="[844,1013,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviusculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B646FB96B8BDDAFEB" box="[844,1013,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. breviusculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the body is completely white and the head lighter (these differences are poorly evident in larvae preserved in alcohol). Therefore it was possible to put larvae of the two species in different container for the pupation and to establish that in our sample the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B62A4B9B388C4AF86" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1831" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B62A4B9B388C4AF86" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. meliloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were more numerous (15 % vs 5 %). The fact that two closely related species parasitize the same plant in the same period and apparently in the same manner is surely interesting. A careful search of galls in the flowers and on the leaves was unsuccessful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF30B1F0B67E4BE3D8C94A9F6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30B1F0B67E4BE3D8B6BA95B" blockId="19.[151,1438,151,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B67E4BE3D8913A833" bold="true" box="[199,315,1087,1112]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
It was already reported that more than one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B64BFBE3D8BD9A833" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1817" box="[924,1009,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B64BFBE3D8BD9A833" box="[924,1009,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tychius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may occur in the same plant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F30B1F0B6260BE3D88FAA816" author="Caldara, R." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="141 - 194" refId="ref37183" refString="Caldara, R. (1986) Revisione dei Tychius precedentemente inclusi in Lepidotychius (n. syn.) (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 127, 141 - 194." type="journal article" year="1986">Caldara 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F30B1F0B67C3BE668934A816" author="Caldara, R." box="[224,284,1124,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the two better studied cases,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B658ABE678BDAA816" authority="Kirsch, 1871" authorityName="Kirsch" authorityYear="1871" box="[681,1010,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B658ABE678B7BA817" box="[681,851,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. crassirostris</emphasis>
|
||
Kirsch, 1871
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B630CBE678C8BA816" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1831" box="[1071,1187,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B630CBE678C8BA816" box="[1071,1187,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. meliloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B63F6BE668D54A816" box="[1237,1404,1124,1149]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Melilotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B63F6BE668D54A816" box="[1237,1404,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Melilotus alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F30B1F0B67B4BE8588D7A8CB" box="[151,255,1159,1184]" name="Germany" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F30B1F0B6634BE8589BBA8CB" author="Mik, J." box="[279,403,1159,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="289 - 292" refId="ref39033" refString="Mik, J. (1885) Zur Biologie von T. crassirostris Kirsch. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 4, 289 - 292 + Taf. IV." type="journal article" year="1885">Mik 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F30B1F0B668ABE858A12A8CB" author="Urban, C." box="[425,570,1159,1184]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref39347" refString="Urban, C. (1935) Tychius meliloti Steph. und Tychius crassirostris Kirsch. Entomologische Blatter, 31, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1935">Urban 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B65B1BE8B8CE4A8CB" authority="C. Brisout de Barneville, 1863" authorityName="C. Brisout de Barneville" authorityYear="1863" box="[658,1228,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B65B1BE8B8B16A8CB" box="[658,830,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. medicaginis</emphasis>
|
||
C. Brisout de Barneville, 1863
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B6235BE8B895FA8AE" authority="Kiesenwetter, 1852" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1852" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6235BE8B8DB4A8CB" box="[1302,1436,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. aureolus</emphasis>
|
||
Kiesenwetter, 1852
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B6691BEAE8A5CA8AF" box="[434,628,1196,1221]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6691BEAE8A5CA8AF" box="[434,628,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Medicago sativa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F30B1F0B65ECBEAE8B33A8A8" box="[719,795,1196,1219]" name="France" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
(D'Agular & Perrier 1974), it was observed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B62A4BEAF890AA88C" authorityName="Kirsch" authorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B62A4BEAF890AA88C" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. crassirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B6643BED389C8A883" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityYear="1852" box="[352,480,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6643BED389C8A883" box="[352,480,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. aureolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
developed in galls and the others in pods. Sometimes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B6345BED38CF2A883" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1831" box="[1126,1242,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6345BED38CF2A883" box="[1126,1242,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. meliloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coexists with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B62A4BED3890CA966" authorityName="Desbrochers" authorityYear="1873" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviusculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B62A4BED3890CA966" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. breviusculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B6671BEF78984A966" box="[338,428,1268,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Melilotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6671BEF78984A966" box="[338,428,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F30B1F0B651EBEF68A59A966" box="[573,625,1268,1293]" name="Italy" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, whereas the former coexists with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B6326BEF788E7A95B" authority="C. Brisout de Barneville, 1863" authorityName="C. Brisout de Barneville" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6326BEF78C5CA966" box="[1029,1140,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. bicolor</emphasis>
|
||
C. Brisout de Barneville,
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F30B1F0B67B4BF1588E7A95B" box="[151,207,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.73202" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="in" value="1863.0">1863</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in central and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F30B1F0B66FEBF158A39A95B" box="[477,529,1303,1328]" name="Italy" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(R. Caldara, pers. observ.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F30B1F0B67E4BF3E8C94A9F6" blockId="19.[151,1438,151,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
However, two years after the first observation, another collection of pods was made from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B639FBF3F8D3CA93E" box="[1212,1300,1340,1365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Melilotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B639FBF3F8D3CA93E" box="[1212,1300,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same locality and in the same period. It is noteworthy that adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B6475BF638C28A913" authorityName="Desbrochers" authorityYear="1873" box="[854,1024,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviusculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B6475BF638C28A913" box="[854,1024,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. breviusculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were distinctly more numerous than adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F30B1F0B67DCBF878958A9F6" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1831" box="[255,368,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meliloti">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F30B1F0B67DCBF878958A9F6" box="[255,368,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. meliloti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at a rate of 10:1 and the same rate was observed in the collection of larvae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |