449 lines
48 KiB
XML
449 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="15349BEE3442F86A2ABCFAC0B687CD4D" ID-CLB-Dataset="5426" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3839.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6d32f9c2-3094-425b-bb7e-9c6e0517d4fd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927721" ID-ZooBank="AA7FEED5-5C1F-48D0-A172-5C25C4001DF3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623431431244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Skuhrovec, Jiří, Gosik, Rafał & Caldara, Roberto" docDate="2014" docId="A65B8792F3081F0967B4BB2A8D2DADE3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03839p083.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3839 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tychius squamulatus Gyllenhal 1836" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="5A62FFEAF3181F186723BA028828AC6B" masterDocTitle="Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1699010544010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="52BB38C8FF05A3E625B8A88657F9F3EB">Immatures of Palaearctic species of the weevil genus Tychius (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): new descriptions and new bionomic data with an evaluation of their value in a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="42DAE6D309FF3D3CEB991BB960CCA932" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="983490E7057FDE062FD560DF60EA3986">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3C3A767E2BCDC5B60AD2F68467D68C84">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="08578FB14585D19924DB849D06086E9B">Gosik, Rafał</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="27EBEFAC48A1FB751E8BE87076C65E3B" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="21BCB5D993F8A01B52493A57CD9CEC0D">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9198A29C05644987B0562F885C28E309">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D2ACE922C501FD82484A74647CCE5FEA">
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<mods:date id="C094247E67DDA1AEC9D33EB45C7AD230">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EA660BD25F54CEBD28701E807641E1F9">2014-07-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AAD7181F04726DC2D418244CF797F12A">3839</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A65B8792F3081F0967B4BB2A8D2DADE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927633" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183550446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927633" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F3081F0967B4BB2A8D2DADE3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A65B8792F3081F0967B4BB2A8D2DADE3" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3081F0867B4BB2A8A6BADEF" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867B4BB2A8A96AD29" blockId="16.[151,702,296,322]" box="[151,702,296,322]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="750581E8F3081F0867B4BB2A8A96AD29" bold="true" box="[151,702,296,322]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3081F0867B4BB2A8A96AD29" ID-CoL="59S9X" authority="Gyllenhal, 1836" authorityName="Gyllenhal" authorityYear="1836" box="[151,702,296,322]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamulatus">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867B4BB2A8A96AD29" bold="true" box="[151,702,296,322]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867B4BB2A88DFAD29" bold="true" box="[151,247,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tychius</emphasis>
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(s. str.)
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08667ABB2A89DCAD29" bold="true" box="[345,500,296,322]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">squamulatus</emphasis>
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Gyllenhal, 1836
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867B4BB6C8A6BADEF" blockId="16.[151,579,366,388]" box="[151,579,366,388]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3081F0867B4BB6C895FADEF" author="Clark, W. E. & Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M." box="[151,375,366,388]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="626 - 654" refId="ref37833" refString="Clark, W. E., Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M. (1978) The genus Tychius Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): larvae and pupae of some species, with evaluation of their characters in phylogenetic analysis. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 626 - 654." type="journal article" year="1978">
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Clark
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867F6BB6D8921ADEF" box="[213,265,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
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1978: 641
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3081F0866A2BB6C8A17ADEF" author="Caldara, R." box="[385,575,366,388]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990: 166</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3081F0867B4BBB38C8FAE79" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867B4BBB38C8FAE79" blockId="16.[151,1437,433,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867B4BBB38957ADA1" bold="true" box="[151,383,433,458]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="9E9A3CD9F3081F0866B0BBB38BB7AD85" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3323411307" collectingDate="1981-06-20" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" county="Caldara" location="Bobbio" municipality="Emilia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="20" specimenCount-larva="20">
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<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF3081F0866B0BBB38A28ADA1" box="[403,512,433,458]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="larva">20 larvae</specimenCount>
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obtained from pods of
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<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3081F086400BBB08BD1ADA1" box="[803,1017,433,458]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corniculatus">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086400BBB08BD1ADA1" box="[803,1017,433,458]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lotus corniculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. collected
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<date id="5A4C1044F3081F0863BEBBB38D3DADA1" box="[1181,1301,433,458]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981-06-20">
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<collectingDate id="4A08E9ACF3081F0863BEBBB38D3DADA1" box="[1181,1301,433,458]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1981-06-20">20.vi.1981</collectingDate>
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</date>
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at
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<location id="2B2D605FF3081F086260BBB38DB0ADA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F3081F0967B4BB2A8D2DADE3:2B2D605FF3081F086260BBB38DB0ADA1" box="[1347,1432,433,458]" country="Italy" county="Caldara" municipality="Emilia" name="Bobbio" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bobbio</location>
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,
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<location id="2B2D605FF3081F0867B4BBD78947AD85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A65B8792F3081F0967B4BB2A8D2DADE3:2B2D605FF3081F0867B4BBD78947AD85" box="[151,367,469,494]" country="Italy" county="Caldara" municipality="Emilia" name="Piacenza province" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Piacenza province</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="CE29ACFEF3081F0866A1BBD789E5AD85" box="[386,461,469,494]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Emilia</collectingMunicipality>
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(northern
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<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3081F086577BBD78AA3AD85" box="[596,651,469,494]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Italy</collectingCountry>
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), leg.
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<collectionCode id="48E3AE41F3081F0865C3BBD48ADEAD86" box="[736,758,470,493]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">R</collectionCode>
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||
.
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<collectingCounty id="C72C4E08F3081F08642ABBD78B4BAD85" box="[777,867,469,494]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Caldara</collectingCounty>
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||
, and
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF3081F08648CBBD78C36AD86" box="[943,1054,469,494]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="pupa">10 pupae</specimenCount>
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obtained from larvae collected contemporaneously together with the others, all determined by association with reared adults
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3081F0867E4B81F8A85AE5D" box="[199,685,541,566]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867E4B81F8A85AE5D" blockId="16.[151,1437,433,2034]" box="[199,685,541,566]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867E4B81F89E5AE5D" bold="true" box="[199,461,541,566]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3081F086527B81F8A49AE5D" box="[516,609,541,566]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="27.[151,231,151,172]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="TABLE 2. Larval setal index of: 1—T. parallelus group (A—T. paralellus); 2—T. striatulus group (B—T. striatulus); 3—T. quinquepunctatus group (C—T. quinqupunctatus); 4—T. intrusus group (D—T. alpinus; E—T. brisouti); 5—T.depressus group (F—T. depressus); 6—T. seriepilosus group (G—T. schneideri); 7—T. siculus group (H—T. capucinus); 8—T. squamulatus group (I—T. caldarai; J—T. squamulatus); 9—T. argentatus group (K—T. argentatus); 10—T. stephensi group (L—T. breviusculus; M—T. curtirostris; N—T. decretus; O—T. meliloti; P—T. pusillus; Q—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3031F0367B4BA958B4CAD4F">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3081F0865BBB81F8A80AE5D" box="[664,680,541,566]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="28.[151,241,484,507]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="TABLE 3. Pupal setal index of: 1—T. quinquepunctatus group (A—T. quinqupunctatus); 2—T. intrusus group (B—T. alpinus; C—T. brisouti); 3—T. depressus group (D—T. depressus); 4—T. seriepilosus group (E—T. schneideri); 5—T. siculus group (F—T. capucinus); 6—T. squamulatus group (G—T. caldarai; H—T. squamulatus); 7—T. argentatus group (I—T. argentatus); 8—T. stephensi group (J—T. breviusculus; K—T. curtirostris; L—T. decretus; M—T. meliloti; N—T. pusillus; O—T. tibialis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3041F0467B4BBE689B0AE10">3</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3081F0967E4B8438990ACBE" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867E4B84388C1AE15" blockId="16.[151,1437,433,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867E4B8438A03AE31" bold="true" box="[199,555,577,602]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description of mature larva.</emphasis>
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COLORATION. Head brown. All thoracic and abdominal segments whitish yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867E4B8888C58AF0A" blockId="16.[151,1437,433,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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HEAD CAPSULE AND MOUTH PARTS. Head width:
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<quantity id="E90A9B61F3081F086430B88B8B93AECA" box="[787,955,649,674]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.495" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.44">0.44–0.55 mm</quantity>
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||
(see
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<tableCitation id="6370033FF3081F0864DCB88B8C75AEC9" box="[1023,1117,649,674]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
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). Endocarinal line present, exceeding middle of frons.
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0866F9B8AC8A26AEA1" box="[474,526,686,714]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
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Des
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<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F086525B8BE8A26AEA1" attach="left" box="[518,526,700,714]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
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</emphasis>
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located almost in central parts of epicarnium;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086314B8AF8C4CAEA1" box="[1079,1124,685,714]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
des
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||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F08637FB8BE8C4CAEA1" attach="left" box="[1116,1124,700,714]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
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||
</emphasis>
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absent;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0863E9B8AF8CDFAEA1" box="[1226,1271,685,714]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F0863CCB8BE8CDFAEA1" attach="left" box="[1263,1271,700,714]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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located along frontal suture;
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08661FB8D68941AE9A" box="[316,361,724,753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F086642B8E18941AE9A" attach="left" box="[353,361,739,753]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0866E5B8D689DCAE9A" box="[454,500,724,753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F0866CFB8E189DCAE9A" attach="left" box="[492,500,739,753]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5</subScript>
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||
</emphasis>
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located anterolaterally (Fig. 112).
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<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08645BB8D78BB4AE9A" box="[888,924,725,753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F0864B7B8E18BB4AE9A" attach="left" box="[916,924,739,753]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0864F1B8D68BC5AE9A" box="[978,1005,724,753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F0864C6B8E18BC5AE9A" attach="left" box="[997,1005,739,753]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086372B8D68C44AE9A" box="[1105,1132,724,753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F086347B8E18C44AE9A" attach="left" box="[1124,1132,739,753]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
short, located medially;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0862A1B8D68DB4AE9A" box="[1410,1436,724,753]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F0862B7B8E18DB4AE9A" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,739,753]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anteromedially (along epistoma);
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08654DB8F98AA1AF7C" box="[622,649,763,791]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F0865A2B90B8AA1AF7C" attach="left" box="[641,649,777,791]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally (along epistoma), 4 times longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086267B8F98D76AF7C" box="[1348,1374,763,791]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
fs
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F086275B90B8D76AF7C" attach="left" box="[1366,1374,777,791]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 112).
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867FBB92088D7AF52" box="[216,255,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Les</emphasis>
|
||
almost equal in length as
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08650BB9238A7DAF55" box="[552,597,801,830]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
des
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F08656EB9328A7DAF55" attach="left" box="[589,597,816,830]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086547B9208AA1AF52" box="[612,649,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ves</emphasis>
|
||
very short. Post-epicranial area with 2 minute
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0863BFB9208CE9AF52" box="[1180,1217,802,825]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pes</emphasis>
|
||
. Antennal segment membranous, bearing conical sensorium and 3 very short, triangular, sensilla (Fig. 115).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867E4B96E8A64A890" blockId="16.[151,1437,433,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Labrum (Fig. 116) approximately 2.7 times as wide as long;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0864B7B96E8BEBAFE2" box="[916,963,876,905]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F086498B9798BEBAFE2" attach="left" box="[955,963,891,905]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0863EDB96E8CD5AFE2" box="[1230,1277,876,905]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F0863D6B9798CD5AFE2" attach="left" box="[1269,1277,891,905]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08622DB96E8D15AFE2" box="[1294,1341,876,905]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F086216B9798D15AFE2" attach="left" box="[1333,1341,891,905]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
slightly shorter than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086600B991897AAFDB" box="[291,338,915,944]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
lms
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F086669B9A0897AAFDB" attach="left" box="[330,338,930,944]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; anterior margin rounded. Clypeus (Fig. 116) 3.5 times as wide as long; with 2 pairs of very short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867B4B9B8889EAFB8" box="[151,182,954,979]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">cls</emphasis>
|
||
of same length, and 1 sensillum, all located posterolaterally; anterior margin slightly curved inside. Epipharynx (Fig. 117) with 2 pairs of moderately long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086553B9DC8AB9AF9C" box="[624,657,990,1015]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">als</emphasis>
|
||
, of equal length; with 2 pairs of short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08631AB9DD8C4EAF9D" box="[1081,1126,991,1014]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ams</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086357B9DD8C81AF90" box="[1140,1193,991,1019]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F086382B9EF8C81AF90" attach="left" box="[1185,1193,1005,1019]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867B4BE0488E4A849" box="[151,204,1030,1058]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
ams
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F0867E7BE1688E4A849" attach="left" box="[196,204,1044,1058]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; with 2 long finger-like and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086552BE048AB5A876" box="[625,669,1030,1053]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods relatively long, kidney-shaped, converging posteriorly. Mandibles (Fig. 114): molar edge jagged with triangular tooth;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086444BE298B83A823" box="[871,939,1067,1096]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
mds
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F0864B7BE388B83A823" attach="left" box="[916,939,1082,1096]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1–2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
short, almost of equal length. Maxilla (Fig. 113): stipes with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086649BE5189BEA801" box="[362,406,1107,1130]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0866C5BE508A2FA800" box="[486,519,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
of equal length; mala with 4 curved
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0864BDBE508BE3A800" box="[926,971,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">dms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0863DFBE518D00A801" box="[1276,1320,1107,1130]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, short and almost of equal length. Maxillary palpi: length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres 1:0.7; basal palpomera with 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867F4BE998938A8D9" box="[215,272,1179,1202]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
; distal palpomera with group of 4 conical, cuticular apical processes. Prementum (Fig. 113) elliptical, with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867C7BEBD8934A8BD" box="[228,284,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; margin of ligula slightly rounded; ligula with 4
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08641CBEBC8B74A8BC" box="[831,860,1214,1239]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">lig</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite distinct. Postmentum (Fig. 113) with 3 pairs of
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086663BEE18945A891" box="[320,365,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867E4BF058CF9A90C" blockId="16.[151,1437,433,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
THORAX AND ABDOMEN. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3081F086558BF048B2BA975" box="[635,771,1286,1311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="3.1" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF3081F086463BF048BB2A974" box="[832,922,1286,1311]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), moderately elongate. Abdominal segment I slightly smaller than others; abdominal segments II–VI almost equal in length; larger than abdominal segments VII–VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3081F086628BF4C8943A90C" box="[267,363,1358,1383]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–121" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,253,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-84@60.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 118–121. Tychius squamulatus mature larva habitus: 118—lateral view, 119—lateral view of thoracic segments, 120—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 121—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927784/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 118</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spiracles on abdomen in median parts of segments (abdominal seg. I–VIII).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867E4BF708D61AA09" blockId="16.[151,1437,433,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
Chaetotaxy of body reduced. Setae moderately long or short and light yellow.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086368BF708C82A9E0" bold="true" box="[1099,1194,1394,1419]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3081F086210BF708DBCA9E0" box="[1331,1428,1394,1419]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–121" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,253,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-84@60.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 118–121. Tychius squamulatus mature larva habitus: 118—lateral view, 119—lateral view of thoracic segments, 120—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 121—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927784/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 8
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867C4BF958926A9C5" box="[231,270,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">prn</emphasis>
|
||
, all macrosetae of different length; 2 moderately long
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086458BF958BBCA9C5" box="[891,916,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ps</emphasis>
|
||
of same length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08634ABF958CA6A9C5" box="[1129,1166,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Meso- and metathorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3081F0867BCBFB88928A9B8" box="[159,256,1466,1491]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–121" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,253,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-84@60.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 118–121. Tychius squamulatus mature larva habitus: 118—lateral view, 119—lateral view of thoracic segments, 120—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 121—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927784/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086645BFB989A2A9B9" box="[358,394,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 3
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086697BFB889F3A9B8" box="[436,475,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pds</emphasis>
|
||
, different in length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0865C7BFB98AD2A9B9" box="[740,762,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086407BFB98B61A9B9" box="[804,841,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086450BFB98BA4A9B9" box="[883,908,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 1 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08630ABFB98C66A9B9" box="[1065,1102,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well-separated and with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08651ABFDC8A4BA99C" box="[569,611,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pda</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086557BFDC8AC7A99C" bold="true" box="[628,751,1502,1527]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments I–VII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3081F086361BFDC8C8CA99C" box="[1090,1188,1502,1527]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–121" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,253,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-84@60.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 118–121. Tychius squamulatus mature larva habitus: 118—lateral view, 119—lateral view of thoracic segments, 120—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 121—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927784/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08622BBFDD8D04A99D" box="[1288,1324,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086277BFDC8D53A99C" box="[1364,1403,1502,1527]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086648BC0189A9AA71" box="[363,385,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086684BC0189E4AA71" box="[423,460,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">eps</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0865EBBC018AC9AA71" box="[712,737,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086425BC008B03AA70" box="[774,811,1538,1563]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0864A1BC018B8FAA71" box="[898,935,1539,1562]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment VIII (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3081F0863C0BC008D6AAA70" box="[1251,1346,1538,1563]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–121" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,253,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-84@60.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 118–121. Tychius squamulatus mature larva habitus: 118—lateral view, 119—lateral view of thoracic segments, 120—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 121—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927784/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867B4BC248896AA54" box="[151,190,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086696BC2589F2AA55" box="[437,474,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0866DCBC258A30AA55" box="[511,536,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08651FBC248A49AA54" box="[572,609,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2 short
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0865D6BC258B32AA55" box="[757,794,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3081F08631CBC248CB7AA54" box="[1087,1183,1574,1599]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–121" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,253,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-84@60.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 118–121. Tychius squamulatus mature larva habitus: 118—lateral view, 119—lateral view of thoracic segments, 120—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 121—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927784/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0863DEBC248D3EAA54" box="[1277,1302,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ds</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086622BC498932AA09" box="[257,282,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08664FBC4989A1AA09" box="[364,393,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">sts</emphasis>
|
||
of different length. Each anal lobe on abdominal segment X (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3081F08631DBC488CB5AA08" box="[1086,1181,1610,1635]" captionStart="FIGURES 118–121" captionStartId="60.[151,264,1870,1893]" captionTargetBox="[181,1414,253,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-84@60.[151,1436,193,1849]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURES 118–121. Tychius squamulatus mature larva habitus: 118—lateral view, 119—lateral view of thoracic segments, 120—lateral view of abdominal segment I., 121—lateral view of abdominal segments VIII–X (prns—pronotal s., prs—prodorsal s., pds—postdorsal s., ss—spiracular s., eps—epipleural s., ps—pleural s., pda—pedal s., lsts—laterosternal s., eus—eusternal s., ds—dorsal s., sts—sternal s.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927784" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927784/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
|
||
) without setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867E4BC6C8B7CAAEC" blockId="16.[151,1437,433,2034]" box="[199,852,1646,1671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867E4BC6C8992AAEC" bold="true" box="[199,442,1646,1671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description of pupa.</emphasis>
|
||
COLORATION. Body whitish yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867E4BC918904AA98" blockId="16.[151,1437,433,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
MORPHOLOGY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3081F08665CBC908A02AAC0" box="[383,554,1682,1707]" captionStart="FIGURES 122–124" captionStartId="61.[151,264,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[230,1371,235,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-64@61.[195,1400,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 122–124. Tychius squamulatus pupa habitus: 122—ventral view, 123—dorsal view, 124—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., rs—rostral s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927786/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 122–124</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body length
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3081F0865C3BC908B58AAC1" box="[736,880,1682,1707]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; widest part
|
||
<quantity id="E90A9B61F3081F08632CBC908CB4AAC1" box="[1039,1180,1682,1707]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(see
|
||
<tableCitation id="6370033FF3081F0863C1BC908D69AAC0" box="[1250,1345,1682,1707]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="26.[151,239,980,1003]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 1. Measure index of selected body parts of larvae and pupae of Tychius species. The following characters of each specimen were measured: HW—head width of mature larva, HL—head length of mature larva, BL—length of the larval body, BW—width at the widest point (meso- or metathorax), BL(P)—length of the pupa and BW(P)—width of the pupa at the widest point (meso- or metacoxae). Average, minimum and maximum measurments are presented. All measurements in millimeters. These measurements are cited in the descriptions of each species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="7A8D660CF3021F0267B4B9D68CBAA807">Table. 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Body elongate. Rostrum very long, approximately 7 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum 1.8 times as wide as long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0867E4BCFC8C60ABA5" blockId="16.[151,1437,433,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
CHAETOTAXY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6C92A01F3081F086657BCFC8A34AB7C" box="[372,540,1790,1815]" captionStart="FIGURES 122–124" captionStartId="61.[151,264,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[230,1371,235,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-64@61.[195,1400,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 122–124. Tychius squamulatus pupa habitus: 122—ventral view, 123—dorsal view, 124—lateral view (vs—vertical s., os—orbital s., pas—postantennal s., rs—rostral s., as—apical s., ls—lateral s., ds—discal s., pls—posterolateral s., fes—femoral s., pc—pseudocerci)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927786/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 122–124</figureCitation>
|
||
). Setae distinct, moderately long, unequal in length, light brown; on pronotum and head placed on conical protuberances. Head capsule including 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0864B7BD218B83AB51" box="[916,939,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">vs</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0864EEBD218BCEAB51" box="[973,998,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">os</emphasis>
|
||
of different length; and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086224BD218D06AB51" box="[1287,1326,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Rostrum with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867C7BD4588D2AB35" box="[228,250,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">rs</emphasis>
|
||
located medially.
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0866E6BD4589C9AB35" box="[453,481,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Vs</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086535BD458A1FAB08" box="[534,567,1863,1891]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
os
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F08650CBD578A1FAB08" attach="left" box="[559,567,1877,1891]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as long as setae on pronotum, distinctly longer than
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0863A3BD458C89AB08" box="[1152,1185,1863,1891]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
os
|
||
<subScript id="B27634C1F3081F0863BABD578C89AB08" attach="left" box="[1177,1185,1877,1891]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08638DBD458CFDAB35" box="[1198,1237,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pas</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086229BD458D08AB35" box="[1290,1312,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">rs</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum with 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867C6BD6C88D6ABEE" box="[229,254,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">as</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086602BD6F891CABED" box="[289,308,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F086674BD6F8958ABED" box="[343,368,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ds</emphasis>
|
||
, and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0866E0BD6F89CCABED" box="[451,484,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">pls</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0866D0BD6F8A24ABED" box="[499,524,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ds</emphasis>
|
||
as long as other setae on pronotum. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with 1 seta. Each apex of femora with 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F08650CBD938A66ABC1" box="[559,590,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">fes</emphasis>
|
||
. Setae on abdominal segments I–VIII placed medially and laterally; all abdominal setae located on small, conical protuberances. Pseudocerci conical, short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3081F0967E4BDDB8990ACBE" blockId="16.[151,1437,433,2034]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1438,151,392]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3081F0867E4BDDB89F5AB99" bold="true" box="[199,477,2009,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Biological observations</emphasis>
|
||
. Pupae were noted after 8 days from the introduction of larvae into the soil. Adults were observed first in pupal cells after another 12 days. No adult left its cell during the following 30 days, then they were removed artificially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66E8650FF3091F0967E4BADD8D2DADE3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E4D3684F3091F0967E4BADD8D2DADE3" blockId="17.[151,1438,151,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3091F0967E4BADD8913AC93" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3091F096660BADD8A3CAC93" author="Clark, W. E. & Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M." box="[323,532,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="626 - 654" refId="ref37833" refString="Clark, W. E., Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M. (1978) The genus Tychius Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): larvae and pupae of some species, with evaluation of their characters in phylogenetic analysis. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 626 - 654." type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Clark
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3091F0966ABBAE389E9AC93" box="[392,449,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1978)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<specimenCount id="38F4FD0DF3091F0965ACBAE28B2DAC93" box="[655,773,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="larva">two larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
collected by Urban in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56E57614F3091F09632ABADD8C59AC93" box="[1033,1137,223,248]" name="Germany" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
in fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3091F0963DBBADD88D0AD76" authority="Medicus" authorityName="Medicus" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Melilotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3091F0963DBBADD8DB4AC93" box="[1272,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Melilotus alba</emphasis>
|
||
Medicus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and classified by the same collector (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3091F096587BB068B05AD76" author="Urban, C." box="[676,813,260,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref39347" refString="Urban, C. (1935) Tychius meliloti Steph. und Tychius crassirostris Kirsch. Entomologische Blatter, 31, 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1935">Urban 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3091F09647FBB078BCFAD76" box="[860,999,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3091F09647FBB078BCFAD76" box="[860,999,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. flavicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
auctorum (non Stephens), currently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3091F0962A4BB07890CAD2B" authorityName="Gyllenhal" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tychius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3091F0962A4BB07890CAD2B" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. squamulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species which however usually lives on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9F24D07F3091F096428BB2B8B61AD2B" box="[779,841,297,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lotus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3091F096428BB2B8B61AD2B" box="[779,841,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Lotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3091F09647BBB258C38AD2B" author="Hoffmann, A." box="[856,1040,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="487 - 1207" refId="ref38434" refString="Hoffmann, A. (1954) Coleopteres Curculionides (deuxieme partie). Faune de France, 59, 487 - 1207." type="journal article" year="1954">Hoffmann 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3091F096338BB258C9DAD2B" author="Caldara, R." box="[1051,1205,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="51 - 218" refId="ref37273" refString="Caldara, R. (1990) Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Tychius Germar (Coleoptera Curculionidae). Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, 25, 51 - 218." type="journal article" year="1990">Caldara 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A634B75F3091F0967B4BB4E895CAD0E" author="Clark, W. E. & Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M." box="[151,372,332,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="626 - 654" refId="ref37833" refString="Clark, W. E., Burke, H. R. & Anderson, D. M. (1978) The genus Tychius Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): larvae and pupae of some species, with evaluation of their characters in phylogenetic analysis. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 626 - 654." type="journal article" year="1978">
|
||
Clark
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3091F0967C2BB4F8936AD0E" box="[225,286,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1978)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is very brief and does not correspond to our study in the number of setae on abdominal postdorsum. They reported 3 setae there, but we observed 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3091F096419BB6D8B49ADE3" box="[826,865,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">pds</emphasis>
|
||
and 1
|
||
<emphasis id="1C86EA96F3091F09648FBB738BEAADE3" box="[940,962,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ss</emphasis>
|
||
(see Material and Methods).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |