188 lines
15 KiB
XML
188 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" ID-PMC="PMC3118819" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-109-19" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" ID-PubMed="21852932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577024" ModsDocID="1313-2970-109-19" checkinTime="1451250264676" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kaiser, Hinrich, Carvalho, Venancio Lopes, Ceballos, Jester, Freed, Paul, Heacox, Scott, Lester, Barbara, Richards, Stephen J., Trainor, Colin R., Sanchez, Caitlin & O'Shea, Mark" docDate="2011" docId="A63FA817C7561107F6ED084644D339CA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 109: 19-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 109" docPubDate="2011-06-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439" docTitle="Gekko gecko" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8" masterDocTitle="The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="19" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1668151585581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kaiser, Hinrich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chalcopis@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Venancio Lopes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade National Timor-Lorosa'e, Faculdade de Ciencias da Educacao, Departamentu da Biologia, Avenida Cidade de Lisboa, Liceu Dr. Francisco Machado, Dili, Timor-Leste</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ceballos, Jester</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Freed, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heacox, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lester, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>14149 S. Butte Creek Road, Scotts Mills, Oregon 97375, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Richards, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Conservation International, PO Box 1024, Atherton, Queensland 4883, Australia; and Herpetology Department, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Trainor, Colin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sanchez, Caitlin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, 18422 Bear Valley Road, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and The Foundation for Post-Conflict Development, 245 Park Avenue, 24 th Floor, New York, New York 10167, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>O'Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>West Midland Safari Park, Bewdley, Worcestershire DY 12 1 LF, United Kingdom; and Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-06-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>109</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>19</mods:start>
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<mods:end>86</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.109.1439</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-109-19</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFDE6B4A96644D30FFD8FFEA7F28FFF8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577024</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152029867" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A63FA817C7561107F6ED084644D339CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A63FA817C7561107F6ED084644D339CA" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName LSID="A63FA817-C756-1107-F6ED-084644D339CA" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gekko gecko" order="Gekko" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gecko">Gekko gecko (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko). Adult male from Same, Manufahi District (USNM 573671, SVL 142 mm, TL 236 mm; top) and juvenile Gekko gecko from Wailakurini, Viqueque District (USNM 573673, SVL 88 mm, TL 168 mm; bottom). Note the brownish, regenerated tail on the adult (top). Photos by Mark O'Shea (top) and Hinrich Kaiser (bottom)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15851" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="34" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="34">(E) Tokay Gecko. (T) Toke.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="34">The Tetun common names for geckos, teki (smaller geckos) and toke (the large tokay) are also used as slang meaning to identify young single women or men, respectively.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="34" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Identification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
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Tokay geckos are easily identified by their striking orange dorsal patterning (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko). Adult male from Same, Manufahi District (USNM 573671, SVL 142 mm, TL 236 mm; top) and juvenile Gekko gecko from Wailakurini, Viqueque District (USNM 573673, SVL 88 mm, TL 168 mm; bottom). Note the brownish, regenerated tail on the adult (top). Photos by Mark O'Shea (top) and Hinrich Kaiser (bottom)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15851" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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), as well as by their aggressive open-mouth display when encountering a threat. They also have a distinctive vocalization (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“to-keh”">"to-keh"</normalizedToken>
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) that gave them their common name. The dark-light banding pattern on the tail of hatchling
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Gekko" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gecko">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Gekko gecko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may at first glance be confused with a similar pattern on the tails of some bent-toed geckos (genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1827" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cyrtodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Cyrtodactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Based on overall habitat needs, if a gecko with a banded tail is encountered on the walls of human habitations in Timor-Leste, it is most likely
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Gekko" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gecko">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Gekko gecko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Geckos of the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1827" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Cyrtodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Cyrtodactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lack the dilated scansors necessary for climbing walls and are generally not associated with man-made structures.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="15" pageNumber="34" type="collection and natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Collection and natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">
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We found tokay geckos inhabiting nearly all of the hotels and guest houses in which we stayed, in addition to many other buildings and structures, as well as wooded regions in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lautém">Lautem</normalizedToken>
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District (e.g.,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Loré">Lore</normalizedToken>
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1 village). Tokay geckos were not present at the higher altitude localities we searched (above 1000 m). We collected one adult (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko). Adult male from Same, Manufahi District (USNM 573671, SVL 142 mm, TL 236 mm; top) and juvenile Gekko gecko from Wailakurini, Viqueque District (USNM 573673, SVL 88 mm, TL 168 mm; bottom). Note the brownish, regenerated tail on the adult (top). Photos by Mark O'Shea (top) and Hinrich Kaiser (bottom)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15851" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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upper) and three juveniles (e.g.,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko). Adult male from Same, Manufahi District (USNM 573671, SVL 142 mm, TL 236 mm; top) and juvenile Gekko gecko from Wailakurini, Viqueque District (USNM 573673, SVL 88 mm, TL 168 mm; bottom). Note the brownish, regenerated tail on the adult (top). Photos by Mark O'Shea (top) and Hinrich Kaiser (bottom)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15851" pageId="15" pageNumber="34">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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lower) to secure vouchers and then discontinued the collection of this species. Individuals were observed preying on insects attracted by artificial light sources as well as on smaller geckos (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1836" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Hemidactylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Sauria" pageId="16" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="frenatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="35" start="start">Hemidactylus</pageBreakToken>
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frenatus
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). One particularly aggressive individual even attacked a smaller gecko that we had stunned using a blowgun and placed into a plastic bag for safekeeping, and pulled it behind a bamboo wall inside one of our sleeping cabins. Eggs of what we presumed to be
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Gekko" pageId="16" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gecko">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="35">Gekko gecko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from their size, and by the presence of adult tokays in the immediate vicinity of the clutches, were discovered in communal groups in rotting logs, on the walls of huts, and in tree holes. Based on their pattern of distribution and habits, it is possible that tokay geckos were introduced to Timor via inter-island trading or during colonization.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/15851" pageId="17" pageNumber="36" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="36">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="36" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
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11.
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</emphasis>
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Tokay gecko (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Gekko" pageId="17" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gecko">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="36">Gekko gecko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Adult male from Same, Manufahi District (USNM 573671, SVL 142 mm, TL 236 mm; top) and juvenile
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Gekko" pageId="17" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gecko">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="36">Gekko gecko</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Wailakurini, Viqueque District (USNM 573673, SVL 88 mm, TL 168 mm; bottom). Note the brownish, regenerated tail on the adult (top). Photos by Mark
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<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shea">O'Shea</normalizedToken>
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(top) and Hinrich Kaiser (bottom).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |