404 lines
47 KiB
XML
404 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118" ID-PMC="PMC5704199" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-713-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="370AD3727044836321045A4EFF83FF8B" ID-PubMed="29187791" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1149978" ID-ZooBank="1552B2A9DC99484592CFE68920C8427E" ModsDocID="1313-2970-713-25" checkinTime="1509722118193" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kamimura, Yoshitaka & Ferreira, Rodrigo L." docDate="2017" docId="A62C58B6C9FA88C95D9433DF6983E782" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 713: 25-52" docOrigin="ZooKeys 713" docPubDate="2017-11-02" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118" docTitle="Paralabellula dorsalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="370AD3727044836321045A4EFF83FF8B" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="370AD3727044836321045A4EFF83FF8B" masterDocTitle="Earwigs from Brazilian caves, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the Dermaptera (Insecta)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1668165092406" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Earwigs from Brazilian caves, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the Dermaptera (Insecta)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Kamimura, Yoshitaka</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Keio University, 4 - 1 - 1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223 - 8521, Japan</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kamimura@fbc.keio.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Ferreira, Rodrigo L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Center of Studies in Subterranean Biology, Biology Department, Federal University of Lavras, CEP 37200 - 000 Lavras (MG), Brazil</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2017-11-02</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>713</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>25</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>52</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.15118</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-713-25</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">1552B2A9DC99484592CFE68920C8427E</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">370AD3727044836321045A4EFF83FF8B</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1149978</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137233648" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A62C58B6C9FA88C95D9433DF6983E782" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A62C58B6C9FA88C95D9433DF6983E782" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="A62C58B6-C9FA-88C9-5D94-33DF6983E782" authority="(Burmeister, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Flabellulidae" genus="Paralabellula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralabellula dorsalis" order="Dermaptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">Paralabellula dorsalis (Burmeister, 1838)</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Figs 36-42</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="37" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2011-05-05" collectorName="Cave N" country="ISLA" location="Parauapebas" municipality="Para" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="9" specimenCount-male="2">
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">9 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 8 nymphs,
|
||
<collectorName>Cave N</collectorName>
|
||
5SM2-099 (= GEM-1799 cave),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A62C58B6C9FA88C95D9433DF6983E782:F7961DAB31BDF93C585E3E2B4A0E41DC" country="ISLA" municipality="Para" name="Parauapebas">Parauapebas</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Para</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2011-05-05">5.v.2011</collectingDate>
|
||
, CARSTE leg. (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
15563)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-10-31" collectorName="Cave N, Parauapebas" country="ISLA" location="Para" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Cave N</collectorName>
|
||
5SM2-019 (= GEM-1739 cave),
|
||
<collectorName>Parauapebas</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A62C58B6C9FA88C95D9433DF6983E782:F5707B48745803B96BECF06FACBA1B3D" country="ISLA" name="Para">Para</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2010-10-31">31.x.2010</collectingDate>
|
||
, CARSTE leg. (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
15562)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-10-31" collectorName="Cave N, Parauapebas" country="ISLA" location="Para" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3">
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>Cave N</collectorName>
|
||
5SM2-099 (= GEM-1799 cave),
|
||
<collectorName>Parauapebas</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A62C58B6C9FA88C95D9433DF6983E782:B7E03F7654884C5A16A52424DE1F3834" country="ISLA" name="Para">Para</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2010-10-31">31.x.2010</collectingDate>
|
||
, CARSTE leg. (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
15560)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2010-10-31" collectingDateMax="2011-05-05" collectingDateMin="2010-10-31" collectorName="Cave N, Parauapebas, Para" country="ISLA" location="ISLA" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 8 nymphs,
|
||
<collectorName>Cave N</collectorName>
|
||
5SM2-019 (= GEM-1739 cave),
|
||
<collectorName>Parauapebas</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">
|
||
<collectorName>Para</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2011-05-05">5.v.2011</collectingDate>
|
||
, CARSTE leg. (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
15561) - 1 nymph,
|
||
<collectorName>Cave N</collectorName>
|
||
5SM2-019 (= GEM-1739 cave), Parauapebas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2010-10-31">31.x.2010</collectingDate>
|
||
, CARSTE leg. (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
21084) - 1 nymph,
|
||
<collectorName>Cave N</collectorName>
|
||
5SM2-019 (= GEM-1739 cave), Parauapebas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2011-05-05">5.v.2011</collectingDate>
|
||
, CARSTE leg. (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
21089) - 1 nymph,
|
||
<collectorName>Cave N</collectorName>
|
||
5SM2-019 (= GEM-1739 cave), Parauapebas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2011-05-05">5.v.2011</collectingDate>
|
||
, CARSTE leg. (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
21090) - 3 nymphs,
|
||
<collectorName>Cave N</collectorName>
|
||
5SM2-019 (= GEM-1739 cave), Parauapebas,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2010-10-31">31.x.2010</collectingDate>
|
||
, CARSTE leg. (
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Iceland">ISLA</collectingCountry>
|
||
21094)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" type="association with caves">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Association with caves.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
|
||
Many specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dorsalis" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">P. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found in two iron ore caves (N5SM2-019 cave - synonym of GEM-1739 cave, and N5SM2-099 cave - synonym of GEM-1799 cave), both located in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carajás">Carajas</normalizedToken>
|
||
region (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
||
state). These caves occur in an iron ore plateau surrounded by the Amazon forest. However, they are in an area of metallophilic savannah, a vegetation type usually found at the top of plateaus. The caves are considerably large (> 100 m in horizontal projection) compared to other caves in the area. Although many caves were sampled in the plateau (at least 100 caves), this species was found in only these two caves, which contain huge colonies of the insectivorous bat genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pteronotus" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Pteronotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Natterer" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pteronotus gymnonotus" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gymnonotus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Pteronotus gymnonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wagner, 1843, in the N5SM2-019 cave and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Mormoopidae" genus="Pteronotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pteronotus parnellii" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parnellii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Pteronotus parnellii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gray, 1843) in the N5SM2-099 cave). These colonies produce large guano piles, where several individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dorsalis" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">P. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="38" start="start">observed</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. The populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dorsalis" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">P. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which include both adults and nymphs, were observed in both dry and rainy seasons in the two caves, strongly suggesting that they are troglophilic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="39" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and remarks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
|
||
The external morphologies and genital structures of male and female specimens were examined (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">36-41</figureCitation>
|
||
) and matched those of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Flabellulidae" genus="Paralabellula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralabellula dorsalis" order="Dermaptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Paralabellula dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burmeister, H" journalOrPublisher="Handbuch der Entomologie, Bd" pageId="19" pageNumber="44" pagination="743 - 756" refId="B21" refString="Burmeister, H, 1838. Dermatoptera. Handbuch der Entomologie, Bd 2: 743 - 756" title="Dermatoptera." volume="2" year="1838">Burmeister 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brunner, L" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="19" pageNumber="44" pagination="135 - 165" refId="B20" refString="Brunner, L, 1906. Reports on the Orthoptera of Trinidad, West Indies. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 14: 135 - 165" title="Reports on the Orthoptera of Trinidad, West Indies." volume="14" year="1906">Brunner 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.63" author="Brindle, A" journalOrPublisher="Smithonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="19" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B11" refString="Brindle, A, 1971a. The Dermaptera (earwigs) of Dominica. Smithonian Contributions to Zoology 63: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.63" title="The Dermaptera (earwigs) of Dominica." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.63" volume="63" year="1971 a">Brindle 1971a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brindle, A" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="19" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 75" refId="B12" refString="Brindle, A, 1971b. The Dermaptera of Caribbean. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 38: 1 - 75" title="The Dermaptera of Caribbean." volume="38" year="1971 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222937100770101" author="Brindle, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="44" pagination="155 - 182" refId="B13" refString="Brindle, A, 1971c. A revision of the Labiidae (Dermaptera) of the Neo-tropical and Nearctic Regions: II. Geracinae and Labiinae. Journal of Natural History 5: 155 - 182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222937100770101" title="A revision of the Labiidae (Dermaptera) of the Neo-tropical and Nearctic Regions: II. Geracinae and Labiinae." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222937100770101" volume="5" year="1971 c">c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Steinmann, H" journalOrPublisher="Das Tierreich" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 504" refId="B100" refString="Steinmann, H, 1989a. Dermaptera. Catadermaptera II. Das Tierreich 105: 1 - 504" title="Dermaptera. Catadermaptera II." volume="105" year="1989 a">Steinmann 1989a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Briceno, RD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" pagination="1107 - 1116" refId="B8" refString="Briceno, RD, 1997. Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 45: 1107 - 1116" title="Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae)." volume="45" year="1997">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01642.x" author="Eberhard, WG" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="20" pageNumber="45" pagination="415 - 431" refId="B29" refString="Eberhard, WG, Huber, BA, Rodriguez, RL, Briceno, RD, Salas, I, Rodriguez, V, 1998. One size fits all? Relationships between the size and degree of variation in genitalia and other body parts in twenty species of insects and spiders. Evolution 52: 415 - 431, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01642.x" title="One size fits all? Relationships between the size and degree of variation in genitalia and other body parts in twenty species of insects and spiders." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01642.x" volume="52" year="1998">Eberhard et al. 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Winged and wingless morphs have been reported for a Costa Rican population of this species, where wingless individuals always predominated in the wild (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379367" author="Briceno, RD" journalOrPublisher="Oecologia" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" pagination="253 - 255" refId="B9" refString="Briceno, RD, Eberhard, WG, 1987. Genetic and environmental effects on wing polymorphisms in two tropical earwigs (Dermaptera: Labiidae). Oecologia 74: 253 - 255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379367" title="Genetic and environmental effects on wing polymorphisms in two tropical earwigs (Dermaptera: Labiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379367" volume="74" year="1987">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Eberhard 1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Significantly more winged adults emerged when nymphs were subjected to low nutritional conditions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379367" author="Briceno, RD" journalOrPublisher="Oecologia" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" pagination="253 - 255" refId="B9" refString="Briceno, RD, Eberhard, WG, 1987. Genetic and environmental effects on wing polymorphisms in two tropical earwigs (Dermaptera: Labiidae). Oecologia 74: 253 - 255, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379367" title="Genetic and environmental effects on wing polymorphisms in two tropical earwigs (Dermaptera: Labiidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00379367" volume="74" year="1987">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Eberhard 1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All adults (3 males and 13 females) examined in this study were winged morphs with fully developed tegmina and hind wings (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">36</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">39</figureCitation>
|
||
). These findings may have been due to the poor nutritional conditions in caves. Although previous authors noted that each branch of the male forceps has a small inner tooth at the base (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.63" author="Brindle, A" journalOrPublisher="Smithonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="19" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 24" refId="B11" refString="Brindle, A, 1971a. The Dermaptera (earwigs) of Dominica. Smithonian Contributions to Zoology 63: 1 - 24, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.63" title="The Dermaptera (earwigs) of Dominica." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.63" volume="63" year="1971 a">Brindle 1971a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brindle, A" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="19" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 75" refId="B12" refString="Brindle, A, 1971b. The Dermaptera of Caribbean. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 38: 1 - 75" title="The Dermaptera of Caribbean." volume="38" year="1971 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222937100770101" author="Brindle, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="44" pagination="155 - 182" refId="B13" refString="Brindle, A, 1971c. A revision of the Labiidae (Dermaptera) of the Neo-tropical and Nearctic Regions: II. Geracinae and Labiinae. Journal of Natural History 5: 155 - 182, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222937100770101" title="A revision of the Labiidae (Dermaptera) of the Neo-tropical and Nearctic Regions: II. Geracinae and Labiinae." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222937100770101" volume="5" year="1971 c">c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sakai, S" journalOrPublisher="Daito Bunka University, Tokyo" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" refId="B88" refString="Sakai, S, 1993. Dermapterorum Catalogus XXV: Iconographia IX. Spongiphoridae III. Daito Bunka University, Tokyo" title="Dermapterorum Catalogus XXV: Iconographia IX. Spongiphoridae III." year="1993">Sakai 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), all males (n = 3) examined in this study lacked this tooth (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">37</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, one male specimen from Moniquira, Colombia, determined by A. Brindle, also lacked a tooth at the base of the forceps (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">42</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1152442" doi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" start="Figures 36–45" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Figures 36-45.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">36-38</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Flabellulidae" genus="Paralabellula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralabellula dorsalis" order="Dermaptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Paralabellula dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male): habitus (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">36</emphasis>
|
||
), forceps (dorsolateral view) (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">37</emphasis>
|
||
), and genitalia (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">38</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">39-41</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Flabellulidae" genus="Paralabellula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralabellula dorsalis" order="Dermaptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Paralabellula dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female): habitus (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">39</emphasis>
|
||
), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">40, 41</emphasis>
|
||
). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">40</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">41</figureCitation>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">42</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Flabellulidae" genus="Paralabellula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paralabellula dorsalis" order="Dermaptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Paralabellula dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31.iii.2002 [01-25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">43-44</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Scudder" baseAuthorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Forficulidae" genus="Doru" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doru luteipes" order="Dermaptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteipes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Doru luteipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female): habitus (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">43</emphasis>
|
||
), and spermatheca (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">44</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">45</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eschscholz" baseAuthorityYear="1822" class="Insecta" family="Forficulidae" genus="Doru" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Doru lineare" order="Dermaptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineare">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Doru lineare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Varzelândia">Varzelandia</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13.iii.2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">36, 39, 42, 43</emphasis>
|
||
; 0.5 mm for
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">37</emphasis>
|
||
; 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
for Figs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">38, 40, 41, 44, 45</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Based on samples collected from Costa Rica,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Briceno, RD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" pagination="1107 - 1116" refId="B8" refString="Briceno, RD, 1997. Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 45: 1107 - 1116" title="Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae)." volume="45" year="1997">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the detailed genital structures of this species, which included a horn-like structure and several heavily sclerotized toothed plates in the penis lobe. These structures were also found in the three male samples examined in this study (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">ho</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">tp</emphasis>
|
||
, respectively, in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">38</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spermatheca of this species is a long, thin, blind duct lacking a capsule at the distal end (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mariani, R" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" pagination="79 - 82" refId="B61" refString="Mariani, R, 1994. Contribucion al estudio anatomico de las espermatecas en el Orden Dermaptera (Insecta). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 53: 79 - 82" title="Contribucion al estudio anatomico de las espermatecas en el Orden Dermaptera (Insecta)." volume="53" year="1994">Mariani 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Briceno, RD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" pagination="1107 - 1116" refId="B8" refString="Briceno, RD, 1997. Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 45: 1107 - 1116" title="Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae)." volume="45" year="1997">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Briceno, RD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" pagination="1107 - 1116" refId="B8" refString="Briceno, RD, 1997. Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 45: 1107 - 1116" title="Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae)." volume="45" year="1997">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reported the presence of multiple fine spines around the spermathecal opening. All such features were present in the specimens examined in this study (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">40</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">41</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
|
||
Using specimens fixed during copulation,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Briceno, RD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" pagination="1107 - 1116" refId="B8" refString="Briceno, RD, 1997. Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 45: 1107 - 1116" title="Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae)." volume="45" year="1997">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also examined coupling of the male and female genitalia. Toothed plates were exposed by eversion of the inflated penis lobe, and contacted the inner walls of the vagina, including the spiny area. The horn-like structure functioned as a guiding sheath for the virga, potentially to facilitate insertion into the female spermatheca. There is accumulating evidence that many male animals inflict wounds on the female during mating through use of their genital structures (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12018" author="Lange, R" journalOrPublisher="Biological Reviews" pageId="22" pageNumber="47" pagination="585 - 601" refId="B58" refString="Lange, R, Reinhardt, K, Michels, NK, Anthes, N, 2013. Functions, diversity, and evolution of traumatic mating. Biological Reviews 88: 585 - 601, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12018" title="Functions, diversity, and evolution of traumatic mating." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12018" volume="88" year="2013">Lange et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162111" author="Tatarnic, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Annual Review of Entomology" pageId="24" pageNumber="49" pagination="245 - 261" refId="B104" refString="Tatarnic, NJ, Cassis, G, Siva-Jothy, MT, 2014. Traumatic insemination in terrestrial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology 59: 245 - 261, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162111" title="Traumatic insemination in terrestrial arthropods." url="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011613-162111" volume="59" year="2014">Tatarnic et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Reinhardt, K" editor="Rice, WR" journalOrPublisher="Cold Spring harbor Laboratory Press, New York" pageId="23" pageNumber="48" pagination="115 - 139" refId="B81" refString="Reinhardt, K, Anthes, N, Lange, R, 2014. Copulatory wounding and traumatic insemination. In: Rice, WR, Gavrilets, S, Eds., The Genetics and Biology of Sexual Conflict. Cold Spring harbor Laboratory Press, New York: 115 - 139" title="Copulatory wounding and traumatic insemination." volumeTitle="The Genetics and Biology of Sexual Conflict." year="2014">Reinhardt et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, this mode of mating, termed traumatic mating, has been reported in only two species of earwigs,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1959" class="Insecta" family="Pygidicranidae" genus="Echinosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Echinosoma denticulatum" order="Dermaptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denticulatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Echinosoma denticulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hincks, 1959 (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Pygidicranidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Dermaptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pygidicranidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burr" authorityYear="1910" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Echinosomatinae">Echinosomatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kamimura, Y" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" pagination="11 - 21" publicationUrl="http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/arthropodsystematics/asp_72_1/02_asp_72_1_kamimura_11-21.pdf" refId="B49" refString="Kamimura, Y, Lee, C-Y, 2014a. Mating and genital coupling in the primitive earwig species Echinosoma denticulatum (Pygidicranidae): implications for genital evolution in dermapteran phylogeny. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny 72: 11 - 21, http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/arthropodsystematics/asp_72_1/02_asp_72_1_kamimura_11-21.pdf" title="Mating and genital coupling in the primitive earwig species Echinosoma denticulatum (Pygidicranidae): implications for genital evolution in dermapteran phylogeny." url="http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/forschung/publikationen/arthropodsystematics/asp_72_1/02_asp_72_1_kamimura_11-21.pdf" volume="72" year="2014 a">Kamimura and Lee 2014a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Yersin, A" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Labiidae" genus="Marava" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marava arachidis" order="Dermaptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arachidis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Marava arachidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Yersin, 1860) (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Spongiphoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Dermaptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Spongiphoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1902" lsidName="" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spongiphorinae">Spongiphorinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12755" author="Kamimura, Y" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="21" pageNumber="46" pagination="443 - 456" refId="B52" refString="Kamimura, Y, Tee, H-S, Lee, C-Y, 2016b. Ovoviviparity and genital evolution: a lesson from an earwig species with coercive traumatic mating and accidental breakage of elongated intromittent organs. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 118: 443 - 456, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12755" title="Ovoviviparity and genital evolution: a lesson from an earwig species with coercive traumatic mating and accidental breakage of elongated intromittent organs." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12755" volume="118" year="2016 b">Kamimura et al. 2016b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). While
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Briceno, RD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="18" pageNumber="43" pagination="1107 - 1116" refId="B8" refString="Briceno, RD, 1997. Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 45: 1107 - 1116" title="Genitalic structure and copulation in Paralabella dorsalis (Dermaptera: Labbidae)." volume="45" year="1997">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Briceño">Briceno</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1997)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
failed to mention the occurrence of copulatory wounding in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dorsalis" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="dorsalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">P. dorsalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, melanized patches on the membranous region at the spermathecal opening were observed in this study (n = 2; Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">40</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 36–45" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 36 - 45. 36 - 38 Paralabellula dorsalis (male): habitus (36), forceps (dorsolateral view) (37), and genitalia (38) 39 - 41 Paralabellula dorsalis (female): habitus (39), spermatheca and spiny area in the genitalia (40, 41). Repaired wound patches are indicated by the red arrowheads in Figs 40 and 41 42 Paralabellula dorsalis (male; a specimen from Colombia, det. A. Brindle; OMHH S. Sakai Collection, 31. iii. 2002 [01 - 25]): abdomen and forceps (dorsolateral view) 43 - 44 Doru luteipes (female): habitus (43), and spermatheca (44) 45 Doru lineare (female; coll. Y. Kamimura, at Varzelandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, outside of caves on 13. iii. 2016): spermatheca. Scale bars 3 mm for Figs 36, 39, 42, 43; 0.5 mm for 37; 200 μm for Figs 38, 40, 41, 44, 45." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.713.15118.figures36-45" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/165936" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">41</figureCitation>
|
||
). This finding suggests that the male genitalia cause wounding during copulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="39">West Indies, Mexico, Costa Rica, Panama and northern South America (including Brazil).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |