724 lines
83 KiB
XML
724 lines
83 KiB
XML
<document id="F06FB1F913119F9D3D936072B38B84E6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3918.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c79e3d9f-7b3d-4ec0-bfd8-fc1d2dd1645a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287820" ID-ZooBank="9F5CA16E-19A9-4BAF-B951-21E6396A85BF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460978881715" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Menezes, Naércio A., Nirchio, Mauro, Oliveira, Cláudio De & Siccharamirez, Raquel" docDate="2015" docId="A627585D9F20503EFF2DFB5EFC17EFE0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03918p038.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3918 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Mugil trichodon Poey 1875" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="5A1E20259F3E501CFFBAFD37FFE6EE68" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the species of Mugil (Teleostei: Perciformes: Mugilidae) from the Atlantic South Caribbean and South America, with integration of morphological, cytogenetic and molecular data" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1698559949219" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A381222D9D6B5FB0384DAE61532A440B">Taxonomic review of the species of Mugil (Teleostei: Perciformes: Mugilidae) from the Atlantic South Caribbean and South America, with integration of morphological, cytogenetic and molecular data</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1784DE33B404165C571E2CFEF5E772E5" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A0BBC9CDEC1D99FE78F00F8954E88CCF">
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<mods:roleTerm id="162B646633E8C73BB2FAE02D1441D747">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AB343228EC3BBE23C0E6B6B84399518E">Menezes, Naércio A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6C60D3F64D37D2E69A3A0D8656D3EB16">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="25A6F686A54CDA2F1B21ACDF4870CDCC">Nirchio, Mauro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="896620D7C596AE68D3BF0709E0AB9874" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0C936CFF54AB78CD00DBD52ED71DE852">Oliveira, Cláudio De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EDF16AAAE441EC64B1C43FAB15BBA0B3">Siccharamirez, Raquel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0261DF018DCB37865C0B62280EC60868">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="52910E605B89D2FBDAACBE8C9C68F5D7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6D6B9579FF7A3D2DB4CCD94837B3C121">
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<mods:date id="67D38357FD241B2FC5E9DB740F579919">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="36113670C8220E6060FEC816054496FE" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C1CF0C1C044BD56CE9CA45B6EBA62655">3918</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="525B9C1EBB4BF9F04DB6F21BE7C68E2E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5CB16914F14EF9A647279C966EF22E45">1</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="10EA08887C7839B4EB039C311542E326" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3918.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A627585D9F20503EFF2DFB5EFC17EFE0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107348" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671539" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107348" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A627585D9F20503EFF2DFB5EFC17EFE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A627585D9F20503EFF2DFB5EFC17EFE0" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="6694BAC09F205002FF2DFB5EFF1EE8CC" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F205002FF2DFB5EFE0EE8EB" blockId="30.[151,488,1641,1701]" box="[151,488,1641,1667]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="75795E279F205002FF2DFB5EFE0EE8EB" bold="true" box="[151,488,1641,1667]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F205002FF2DFB5EFE0EE8EB" ID-CoL="44J9H" authority="Poey, 1875" authorityName="Poey" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,488,1641,1667]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trichodon">
|
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<emphasis id="1CFA35599F205002FF2DFB5EFE0EE8EB" bold="true" box="[151,488,1641,1667]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="1CFA35599F205002FF2DFB5EFEBAE8EB" bold="true" box="[151,348,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mugil trichodon</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F205002FEDEFB5EFE0EE8EB" author="Poey" box="[356,488,1641,1667]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Poey, F. (1875) Poissons de l'Ile de Cuba. Especes nouvelles decrites. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 11, 3 - 4. [Plates. 7 - 10]" type="journal article" year="1875">Poey, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F205002FF2DFBBBFF1EE8CC" blockId="30.[151,488,1641,1701]" box="[151,248,1676,1701]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="B6B5F5CE9F205002FF25FBBBFF17E8CC" box="[159,241,1676,1701]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1028,1050]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1006]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mugil trichodon, LBP 6066. A—Detail of mouth showing dentition. B—Detail of scales located on dorsal region of body below dorsal-fin base." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287832/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
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)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6694BAC09F205002FF2DFBE3FB97E90C" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F205002FF2DFBE3FB97E90C" blockId="30.[151,1436,1748,1892]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="0E9ECE659F205002FF2DFBE3FB97E90C" infered="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F205002FF2DFBE3FE31E882" ID-CoL="44J9H" authority="Poey, 1875: 66" authorityName="Poey" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,471,1748,1770]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trichodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F205002FF2DFBE3FEDAE882" box="[151,316,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Mugil trichodon</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="AF2FCF5A9F205002FEFBFBE2FE31E882" author="Poey" box="[321,471,1748,1770]" page="66" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1875">
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<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F205002FEFBFBE2FE52E882" author="Poey" box="[321,436,1748,1770]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Poey, F. (1875) Poissons de l'Ile de Cuba. Especes nouvelles decrites. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, 11, 3 - 4. [Plates. 7 - 10]" type="journal article" year="1875">Poey, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 66
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="F13557E99F205002FE5EFBE3FDF7E882" box="[484,529,1748,1770]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F205002FDCAFBE3FD4EE882" box="[624,680,1748,1770]" name="Cuba" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
, no
|
||
<typeStatus id="F13557E99F205002FD6BFBE2FCE0E882" box="[721,774,1749,1770]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">types</typeStatus>
|
||
known);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="AF2FCF5A9F205002FCDCFBE3FBD0E882" author="Cervigon" box="[870,1078,1748,1770]" page="878" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1992">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F205002FCDCFBE3FBE0E882" author="Cervigon" box="[870,1030,1748,1770]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Cervigon, F. (1992) Tiburones, peces batoideos y peces oseos .. In: Fichas, F. A. O. (Ed.), de identificacion de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guia de campo de las especies comerciales marinas e de aguas salobres de costa septentrional de Sur America, pp. 163 - 456. [plates. 3 - 40]" type="book chapter" year="1992">Cervigón, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 878
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(northern coast of South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F205002FA8FFBE3FA77E882" box="[1333,1425,1748,1770]" name="United States of America" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
); 1993: 384 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F205002FE86FBC4FE4FE961" box="[316,425,1779,1801]" name="Venezuela" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
; diagnosis, biological and ecological data);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="AF2FCF5A9F205002FCD0FBC4FBD9E961" author="Thomson" box="[874,1087,1779,1801]" page="494" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F205002FCD0FBC4FBE8E961" author="Thomson" box="[874,1038,1779,1801]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Thomson, J. M. (1997) The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 41 (3), 457 - 562." type="journal article" year="1997">Thomson, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 494
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(only specimens originating from southern Caribbean area; description); González Bencomo
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F205002FC8CFA25FC81E94F" box="[822,871,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1997: 159 (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F205002FC43FA26FB81E94F" box="[1017,1127,1809,1831]" name="Venezuela" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="AF2FCF5A9F205002FBC6FA26FABAE94F" author="Harrison" box="[1148,1372,1809,1831]" page="1085" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F205002FBC6FA26FAFDE94F" author="Harrison" box="[1148,1307,1809,1831]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refString="Harrison, I. J. (2003) Mugilidae,. In: Carpenter, K. E. (Ed.), The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. FAO species identification guide for fihery purpose, pp. 1071 - 1085. [vii + 602 - 1373]" type="book chapter" year="2003">Harrison, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1085
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(only specimens from southern Caribbean; habitat, biology, and fisheries; distribution); Harrison
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F205002FB35FA06FB26E92E" box="[1167,1216,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007: 96–97 (only specimens originating from Atlantic southern Caribbean; as comparative material examined)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F205002FF2DFAA6FEC4E99A" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<table id="5C8E1BEB9F20AFE3FF2DFAA6FA7BE99A" box="[151,1437,1937,2034]" gridcols="5" gridrows="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F20AFE3FF2DFAA6FA7BE9C2" box="[151,1437,1937,1962]" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F20AFE3FF2DFAA6FDE6E9C2" box="[151,512,1937,1962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F205002FF2DFAA6FE66E9C2" bold="true" box="[151,384,1937,1962]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
LBP 6066,
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F20AFE3FDBDFAA6FD93E9C2" box="[519,629,1937,1962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1, SL 209</th>
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F20AFE3FDC6FAA6FD48E9C2" box="[636,686,1937,1962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">mm,</th>
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F20AFE3FD0FFAA6FC97E9C2" box="[693,881,1937,1962]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Venezuela: Boca</th>
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F20AFE3FCC2FAA6FA7BE9C2" box="[888,1437,1937,1962]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">de Río/Nova Esparta, 10°57’39”N, 64°10’26”W;</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F20AFE3FF2DFA82FA7BE9A6" box="[151,1437,1973,1998]" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F20AFE3FF2DFA82FDE6E9A6" box="[151,512,1973,1998]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">ECAM uncatalogued, 16, SL</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F20AFE3FDBDFA82FD93E9A6" box="[519,629,1973,1998]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">158–213</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F20AFE3FDC6FA82FD48E9A6" box="[636,686,1973,1998]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">mm,</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F20AFE3FD0FFA82FC97E9A6" box="[693,881,1973,1998]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Isla Margarita,</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F20AFE3FCC2FA82FA7BE9A6" box="[888,1437,1973,1998]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Laguna de Chacachacare, 10°57’94.8”N, 64°</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F20AFE3FF2DFAEDFA7BE99A" box="[151,1437,2010,2034]" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F20AFE3FF2DFAEDFDE6E99A" box="[151,512,2010,2034]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">11’03.11’W.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AF1B9C39F215003FF2DF933FE2AEA50" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287832/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1006]" targetPageId="31">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F215003FF2DF933FE2AEA50" blockId="31.[151,1436,1028,1080]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FF2DF933FEFEEA71" bold="true" box="[151,280,1028,1050]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 12</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F215003FE9FF933FE2CEA72" box="[293,458,1028,1050]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trichodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FE9FF933FE2CEA72" box="[293,458,1028,1050]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Mugil trichodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, LBP 6066. A—Detail of mouth showing dentition. B—Detail of scales located on dorsal region of body below dorsal-fin base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6694BAC09F215003FF7DF952FD11EBF6" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F215003FF7DF952FD11EBF6" blockId="31.[151,1436,1125,1978]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FF7DF952FEDCEA16" bold="true" box="[199,314,1125,1150]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F215003FEF1F952FDE2EA15" box="[331,516,1125,1149]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trichodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FEF1F952FDE2EA15" box="[331,516,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Mugil trichodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from congeners from the study area except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F215003FBE1F951FB16EA15" box="[1115,1264,1125,1149]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FBE1F951FB94EA15" box="[1115,1138,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FB39F952FB16EA15" box="[1155,1264,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">curvidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F215003FA96F951FA9BEA15" box="[1324,1405,1125,1149]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liza">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FA96F951FAA5EA15" box="[1324,1347,1126,1149]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FAEEF952FA9BEA15" box="[1364,1405,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">liza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the anal fin with 3 spines and 8 branched rays in adults or 2 spines, 1 unbranched ray and 8 branched rays in juveniles (
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FEB7F999FECAEAAD" box="[269,300,1198,1221]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
3 spines and 9–10 branched rays in adults or 2 spines, 1 unbranched ray and 9–10 branched rays in juveniles).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F215003FEAFF9E6FE2BEA81" box="[277,461,1233,1257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trichodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FEAFF9E6FE2BEA81" box="[277,461,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Mugil trichodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F215003FD75F9E5FC85EA81" box="[719,867,1233,1257]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FD75F9E5FD00EA81" box="[719,742,1234,1257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FD4CF9E6FC85EA81" box="[758,867,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">curvidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of slightly curved teeth on upper jaw, 1 unbranched ray and 7 branched rays in the second (soft) dorsal fin in adults or 2 unbranched and 6 branched rays in juveniles (
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FED2F82DFE61EB59" box="[360,391,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
teeth on upper jaw strongly cruved, 1 unbranched ray and 8 branched rays in adults or 2 unbranched rays and 7 branched rays in juveniles) and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F215003FCF3F809FC7EEB3D" box="[841,920,1341,1365]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liza">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FCF3F809FC86EB3D" box="[841,864,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FCCAF80AFC7EEB3D" box="[880,920,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">liza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the second dorsal and the anal fins scaled except distally (
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FE21F855FE5CEB11" box="[411,442,1378,1401]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
second dorsal and anal fins with the scales restricted to an anterior basal portion and a single, sometimes incomplete posterior basal portion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6694BAC09F21503DFF7DF89EFCEDEF74" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F215003FF7DF89EFE90E88A" blockId="31.[151,1436,1125,1978]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F215003FF7DF89EFEBFEBAA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1449,1474]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="630CDCF09F215003FD6EF89EFCDCEBAA" box="[724,826,1449,1474]" captionStart="TABLE 13" captionStartId="32.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1338,234,1083]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="TABLE 13. Morphometrics of Mugil trichodon. Standard length in mm. Measurements through head length are percentages of standard length; last eight entries are percentages of head length." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7AF1B9C39F1E503CFF2DFDAFFC0CEEA7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" tableUuid="7AF1B9C39F1E503CFF2DFDAFFC0CEEA7">Table 13</tableCitation>
|
||
. Maximum examined body length
|
||
<quantity id="E97644AE9F215003FB72F89DFAC1EBA9" box="[1224,1319,1450,1474]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="213.0">213 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL. Body elongate, compressed and moderately deep compared to congeners. Greatest body depth at vertical through spinous dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head and body convex along tip of snout, slightly convex from vertical through anterior border of orbit to spinous dorsal-fin origin, straight from this point to soft dorsal-fin origin, slightly convex from this point to caudal peduncle, slightly concave along caudal peduncle. Ventral profile of head and body convex from tip of lower jaw to termination of base of anal fin, straight to slightly concave from this point to vertical through caudal-fin base. Orbital diameter much larger than snout length. Eye covered with adipose tissue, except for narrow oval-shaped central area in adult specimens. Adipose tissue almost absent in specimens smaller than
|
||
<quantity id="E97644AE9F215003FF74FBFEFEA1E889" box="[206,327,1737,1762]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F215003FF7DFBDAFAD1E9D2" blockId="31.[151,1436,1125,1978]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Anterior spinous dorsal fin with 4 slender spines connected by membrane, n = 17. Spinous dorsal fin-origin about midway between snout tip and caudal-fin base. Posterior soft dorsal-fin rays ii,6, in specimens smaller than
|
||
<quantity id="E97644AE9F215003FF2DFA02FEF6E925" box="[151,272,1845,1870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, i,
|
||
<quantity id="E97644AE9F215003FEEEFA02FE67E926" box="[340,385,1845,1870]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
adults, n = 17. Unbranched pectoral-fin rays ii, first ray much smaller than second; branched rays 15, n = 17. Tip of pectoral fin not reaching vertical through spinous dorsal-fin origin, extending to vertical through about middle of pelvic fin. Pelvic fin rays with I,5. Tip of pelvic-fin reaching vertical through spinous dorsal-fin origin. Anal fin rays with II,i,
|
||
<quantity id="E97644AE9F215003FDECFA96FD67E9D2" box="[598,641,1953,1978]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
specimens smaller than
|
||
<quantity id="E97644AE9F215003FC2EFA96FBEBE9D1" box="[916,1037,1953,1978]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL, III,
|
||
<quantity id="E97644AE9F215003FBDCFA95FB76E9D2" box="[1126,1168,1953,1978]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
adults, n = 17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AF1B9C39F1E503CFF2DFDAFFC0CEEA7" ID-Table-UUID="7AF1B9C39F1E503CFF2DFDAFFC0CEEA7" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7AF1B9C39F1E503CFF2DFDAFFC0CEEA7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[159,1338,234,1083]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1E503CFF2DFDAFFC0CEEA7" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1E503CFF2DFDAFFEF3EEC7" bold="true" box="[151,277,152,175]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">TABLE 13</emphasis>
|
||
. Morphometrics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1E503CFDBAFDA0FD53EEC7" box="[512,693,151,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trichodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1E503CFDBAFDA0FD53EEC7" box="[512,693,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mugil trichodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Standard length in mm. Measurements through head length are percentages of standard length; last eight entries are percentages of head length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1E503CFF25FDDDFADCEA53" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<table id="5C8E1BEB9F1EAFE3FF25FDDDFADCEA53" box="[159,1338,234,1083]" gridcols="5" gridrows="20" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FDDDFADCEF68" box="[159,1338,234,256]" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FDDDFE55EF68" box="[159,435,234,256]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Characters</th>
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFDDDFD8CEF68" box="[593,618,234,256]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">n</th>
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFDDDFC86EF68" box="[736,864,234,256]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">range</th>
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FDDDFB74EF68" box="[1107,1170,234,256]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">mean</th>
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FDDDFADCEF68" box="[1306,1338,234,256]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">SD</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FC0AFADCEF3B" box="[159,1338,317,339]" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FC0AFE55EF3B" box="[159,435,317,339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Standard length</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFC0AFD8CEF3B" box="[593,618,317,339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">17</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFC0AFC86EF3B" box="[736,864,317,339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">158.0–213.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FC0AFB74EF3B" box="[1107,1170,317,339]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">186.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FC51FADCEF14" box="[159,1338,358,380]" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FC51FE55EF14" box="[159,435,358,380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Body depth</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFC51FD8CEF14" box="[593,618,358,380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">16</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFC51FC86EF14" box="[736,864,358,380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">023.8–029.1</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FC51FB74EF14" box="[1107,1170,358,380]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 26.6</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FC51FADCEF14" box="[1306,1338,358,380]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">1.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FCA7FADCEFCE" box="[159,1338,400,422]" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FCA7FE55EFCE" box="[159,435,400,422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Snout to dorsal-fin origin</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFCA7FD8CEFCE" box="[593,618,400,422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">16</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFCA7FC86EFCE" box="[736,864,400,422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">073.2–076.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FCA7FB74EFCE" box="[1107,1170,400,422]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 75.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FCA7FADCEFCE" box="[1306,1338,400,422]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FC8EFADCEFA7" box="[159,1338,441,463]" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FC8EFE55EFA7" box="[159,435,441,463]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Snout to pectoral-fin origin</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFC8EFD8CEFA7" box="[593,618,441,463]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">17</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFC8EFC86EFA7" box="[736,864,441,463]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">026.0–028.7</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FC8EFB74EFA7" box="[1107,1170,441,463]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0.27.3</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FC8EFADCEFA7" box="[1306,1338,441,463]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FCD5FADCEF90" box="[159,1338,482,504]" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FCD5FE55EF90" box="[159,435,482,504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Snout to pelvic-fin origin</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFCD5FD8CEF90" box="[593,618,482,504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">17</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFCD5FC86EF90" box="[736,864,482,504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">038.2–041.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FCD5FB74EF90" box="[1107,1170,482,504]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 40.1</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FCD5FADCEF90" box="[1306,1338,482,504]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FF3BFADCEC4A" box="[159,1338,524,546]" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FF3BFE55EC4A" box="[159,435,524,546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Snout to anal-fin origin</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFF3BFD8CEC4A" box="[593,618,524,546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">17</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFF3BFC86EC4A" box="[736,864,524,546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">069.6–073.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FF3BFB74EC4A" box="[1107,1170,524,546]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 71.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FF3BFADCEC4A" box="[1306,1338,524,546]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">1.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FF02FADCEC23" box="[159,1338,565,587]" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FF02FE55EC23" box="[159,435,565,587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFF02FD8CEC23" box="[593,618,565,587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">17</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFF02FC86EC23" box="[736,864,565,587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">010.6–012.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FF02FB74EC23" box="[1107,1170,565,587]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 11.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FF02FADCEC23" box="[1306,1338,565,587]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FF69FADCEC1C" box="[159,1338,606,628]" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FF69FE55EC1C" box="[159,435,606,628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Caudal peduncle length</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFF69FD8CEC1C" box="[593,618,606,628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">17</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFF69FC86EC1C" box="[736,864,606,628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">017.5–021.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FF69FB74EC1C" box="[1107,1170,606,628]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 19.7</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FF69FADCEC1C" box="[1306,1338,606,628]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">1.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FFBFFADCECF6" box="[159,1338,648,670]" gridrow="9" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FFBFFE55ECF6" box="[159,435,648,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pectoral-fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFFBFFD8CECF6" box="[593,618,648,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">13</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFFBFFC86ECF6" box="[736,864,648,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">016.2–021.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FFBFFB74ECF6" box="[1107,1170,648,670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 19,4</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FFBFFADCECF6" box="[1306,1338,648,670]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">1.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FF86FADCECAF" box="[159,1338,689,711]" gridrow="10" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FF86FE55ECAF" box="[159,435,689,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pelvic-fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFF86FD8CECAF" box="[593,618,689,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">15</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFF86FC86ECAF" box="[736,864,689,711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">013.6–017.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FF86FB74ECAF" box="[1107,1170,689,711]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 15.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FF86FADCECAF" box="[1306,1338,689,711]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">1.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FFEDFADCEC98" box="[159,1338,730,752]" gridrow="11" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FFEDFE55EC98" box="[159,435,730,752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Head length</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFFEDFD8CEC98" box="[593,618,730,752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">16</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFFEDFC86EC98" box="[736,864,730,752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">025.1–027.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FFEDFB74EC98" box="[1107,1170,730,752]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 26.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FFEDFADCEC98" box="[1306,1338,730,752]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FE33FADCED72" box="[159,1338,772,794]" gridrow="12" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FE33FE55ED72" box="[159,435,772,794]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Head width</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFE33FD8CED72" box="[593,618,772,794]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">16</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFE33FC86ED72" box="[736,864,772,794]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">065.8–074.3</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FE33FB74ED72" box="[1107,1170,772,794]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 69.1</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FE33FADCED72" box="[1306,1338,772,794]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FE1AFADCED2B" box="[159,1338,813,835]" gridrow="13" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FE1AFE55ED2B" box="[159,435,813,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Head depth</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFE1AFD8CED2B" box="[593,618,813,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">17</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFE1AFC86ED2B" box="[736,864,813,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">078.2–086.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FE1AFB74ED2B" box="[1107,1170,813,835]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 82.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FE1AFADCED2B" box="[1306,1338,813,835]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FE61FADCED04" box="[159,1338,854,876]" gridrow="14" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FE61FE55ED04" box="[159,435,854,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Lip thickness</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFE61FD8CED04" box="[593,618,854,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">16</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFE61FC86ED04" box="[736,864,854,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">006.0–010.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FE61FB74ED04" box="[1107,1170,854,876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 0 7.6</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FE61FADCED04" box="[1306,1338,854,876]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">1.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FEB7FADCEDFE" box="[159,1338,896,918]" gridrow="15" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FEB7FE55EDFE" box="[159,435,896,918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mouth width</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFEB7FD8CEDFE" box="[593,618,896,918]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">17</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFEB7FC86EDFE" box="[736,864,896,918]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">024.0–032.5</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FEB7FB74EDFE" box="[1107,1170,896,918]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 28.7</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FEB7FADCEDFE" box="[1306,1338,896,918]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FE9EFADCEDD7" box="[159,1338,937,959]" gridrow="16" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FE9EFE55EDD7" box="[159,435,937,959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mouth depth</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFE9EFD8CEDD7" box="[593,618,937,959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">17</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFE9EFC86EDD7" box="[736,864,937,959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">027.3–032.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FE9EFB74EDD7" box="[1107,1170,937,959]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 29.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FE9EFADCEDD7" box="[1306,1338,937,959]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">1.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FEE5FADCED80" box="[159,1338,978,1000]" gridrow="17" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FEE5FE55ED80" box="[159,435,978,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Horizontal orbital diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFEE5FD8CED80" box="[593,618,978,1000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">16</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFEE5FC86ED80" box="[736,864,978,1000]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">025.8–032.4</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FEE5FB74ED80" box="[1107,1170,978,1000]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 29.2</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FEE5FADCED80" box="[1306,1338,978,1000]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">1.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25FECBFADCEA7A" box="[159,1338,1020,1042]" gridrow="18" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25FECBFE55EA7A" box="[159,435,1020,1042]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Snout length</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBFECBFD8CEA7A" box="[593,618,1020,1042]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">17</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AFECBFC86EA7A" box="[736,864,1020,1042]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">019.6–025.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9FECBFB74EA7A" box="[1107,1170,1020,1042]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 24.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0FECBFADCEA7A" box="[1306,1338,1020,1042]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="90BEEB099F1EAFE3FF25F912FADCEA53" box="[159,1338,1061,1083]" gridrow="19" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<th id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FF25F912FE55EA53" box="[159,435,1061,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Upper jaw length</th>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FDEBF912FD8CEA53" box="[593,618,1061,1083]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">16</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FD5AF912FC86EA53" box="[736,864,1061,1083]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">039.5–044.0</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FBE9F912FB74EA53" box="[1107,1170,1061,1083]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">0 41.8</td>
|
||
<td id="D36F82759F1EAFE3FAA0F912FADCEA53" box="[1306,1338,1061,1083]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">1.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1E503CFF7DF94BFF1CEB68" blockId="32.[151,1437,1148,2037]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Mouth subterminal. Tip of maxilla extending slightly beyond vertical through anterior border of orbit. Teeth unicuspid, spatulate with slightly curved tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B5F5CE9F1E503CFD24F9A8FD09EAD0" box="[670,751,1183,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1028,1050]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1006]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mugil trichodon, LBP 6066. A—Detail of mouth showing dentition. B—Detail of scales located on dorsal region of body below dorsal-fin base." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287832/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A), visible with naked eye in large specimens. External teeth on upper lip larger that scattered fewer inner teeth. Single row of unicuspid close set finer teeth smaller that upper lip teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1E503CFF7DF83BFEAFE848" blockId="32.[151,1437,1148,2037]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Scales spinoid, spines rudimentary on surface of scales and not projecting posteriorly on scale margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B5F5CE9F1E503CFAD5F83BFF53EB20" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1028,1050]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1006]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,193,1006]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mugil trichodon, LBP 6066. A—Detail of mouth showing dentition. B—Detail of scales located on dorsal region of body below dorsal-fin base." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287832/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Transverse scale rows from dorsal limit of pectoral-fin base to caudal-fin base 30–33, 30.7, n = 17. Horizontal scale rows from spinous dorsal-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin 11–12, 11.05, n =17. Horizontal scale rows around caudal peduncle 15–16, 15.2, n = 17. Soft dorsal and anal fins densely scaled except for narrow scaleless distal area. Basal portion of pectoral fin fully covered by small scales extending between interradial membranes but not reaching distal margin of fin. Modified axilla scale dorsal to pectoral-fin base 2.8 times as long as pectoral fin in
|
||
<quantity id="E97644AE9F1E503CFF0FF8D3FEF2EB94" box="[181,276,1508,1533]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="216.0">216 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL specimen (LBP 6066). Modified axilla scale dorsal to pelvic fin 2.5 times as long as pelvic fin in same specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1E503CFF7DFB1BFC76E8BD" blockId="32.[151,1437,1148,2037]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1E503CFF7DFB1BFE6FE82D" bold="true" box="[199,393,1580,1605]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Color in alcohol</emphasis>
|
||
. Body dark dorsally, dark color fading ventrally towards midlateral region of body, whitish on abdominal region. Pelvic and anal fins pale with few scattered dark chromatophores. Spinous dorsal, soft dorsal, pectoral and caudal fins profusely covered with dark chromatophores. Distal margin of caudal fin darker than remaining parts of fin. Anterodorsal basal portion of pectoral fin with relatively large, dark spot extending over basal portions of unbranched rays and 10 dorsalmost branched rays.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1E503CFF7DFBE8FD26E9B8" blockId="32.[151,1437,1148,2037]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1E503CFF7DFBE8FD85E890" bold="true" box="[199,611,1759,1784]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cytological and molecular data.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1E503CFDCEFBD7FCD3E890" box="[628,821,1760,1784]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trichodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1E503CFDCEFBD7FCD3E890" box="[628,821,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mugil trichodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a 2n=48 karyotype with entirely acrocentric chromosomes (arm number, NF+48). The chromosomes gradually decrease in size such that the homologues could not be clearly distinguished, except pair 15, which shows a conspicuous secondary constriction. Heterochromatin blocks are mostly restricted to the centromeric regions of all chromosomes and some are more obvious than others. The chromosome pair characterized by a secondary constriction shows short heterochromatic arms. NOR signals correspond to secondary constriction and show significant intraindividual size variations between both homologous chromosomes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1E503CFE68FA80FD52E9B8" author="Nirchio" box="[466,692,1975,2000]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Nirchio, M., Cipriano, R., Cestari, M. & Fenocchio (2005) Cytogenetical and morphological features reveal significant differences among Venezuelan and Brazilian samples of Mugil curema (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 3, 99 - 102. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1679 - 62252005000100006" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Nirchio
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1E503CFD8BFA8EFD84E9B8" box="[561,610,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1E503DFF7DFAEBFCEDEF74" blockId="32.[151,1437,1148,2037]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Molecular analyses showed that the number of nucleotide differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1E503CFB83FAEAFB2DE99C" box="[1081,1227,2012,2036]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trichodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1E503CFB83FAEAFBB6E99C" box="[1081,1104,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1E503CFBE4FAEBFB2DE99C" box="[1118,1227,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">trichodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the remaining analyzed species range between 46.7 to 68.0 (16S) and 94.5 to 116.9 (COI) (tables 2 to 5). The genetic distance between this species and the remaining analyzed ones ranged from 0.092 to 0.128 (16S) and 0.172 to 0.210 (16S) and 0.172 to 0.210 (tables 6 and 7). The dendrogram in
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B5F5CE9F1F503DFC90FDE8FC6DEE90" box="[810,907,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1505,1527]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,608,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,593,1483]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Mugil brevirostris, MZUSP 31446. A—Detail of mouth showing part of dentition. B—Detail of scales located on dorsal region of body below dorsal-fin base." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287821/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
indicates that this species is genetically most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFEB2FC32FE57EF74" box="[264,433,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrioculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFEB2FC32FEF9EF74" box="[264,287,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFE94FC33FE57EF74" box="[302,433,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">rubrioculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFE04FC33FDE7EF74" box="[446,513,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFE04FC33FDE7EF74" box="[446,513,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFDE4FC32FCE3EF74" box="[606,773,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFDE4FC32FD93EF74" box="[606,629,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFD3EFC33FCE3EF74" box="[644,773,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">brevirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6694BAC09F1F503DFF7DFC10FDEBEFC5" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1F503DFF7DFC10FDEBEFC5" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFF7DFC10FE86EF28" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Within the study area
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFDDEFC1FFCFBEF28" box="[612,797,296,320]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trichodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFDDEFC1FFCFBEF28" box="[612,797,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil trichodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs only in the southern Caribbean area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B5F5CE9F1F503DFAA4FC10FA85EF28" box="[1310,1379,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,677,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,663,1876]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map of central and northern South America showing collecting sites and type localities (white star and light blue star) of species of Mugil. Pink dot: Mugil trichodon, M. rubrioculus and M. incilis (Venezuela); white star: holotype of M. margaritae; white dot: M. margaritae; yellow dots: M. incilis (Brazil); green dots: M. rubrioculus (Brazil); light blue dot: M. brevirostris; blue star: neotype of M. brevirostris; red dots: M. curvidens. Some symbols may represent more than one locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287824/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) and along the Venezuelan coast was found together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFD65FC7AFC67EF0C" box="[735,897,333,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFD65FC7AFC67EF0C" box="[735,897,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M. margaritae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFC34FC7AFC1EEF0C" box="[910,1016,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFC34FC7AFC1EEF0C" box="[910,1016,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M. incilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFB96FC7AFB32EF0C" box="[1068,1236,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrioculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFB96FC7AFB32EF0C" box="[1068,1236,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M. rubrioculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Previous records of the species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFECFFC58FE5FEFE0" box="[373,441,367,392]" name="Brazil" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFE72FC47FD9DEFE0" author="Menezes" box="[456,635,368,392]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Menezes, N. A. (1983) Guia pratico para o conhecimento e identificacao das tainhas e paratis (Pisces: Mugilidae) do litoral brasileiro. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 2 (1), 1 - 12. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751983000100001" type="journal article" year="1983">Menezes, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:3,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFD2DFC47FC63EFE0" author="Menezes" box="[663,901,368,392]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Menezes, N. A. (2003) Mugilidae. In: Menezes, N. A., Buckup, P. A., Figueiredo, J. L. & Moura, R. L. (Eds.), Catalogo de das especies de peixes marinhos do Brasil. Sao Paulo. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de sao Paulo, 160 pp." type="book" year="2003">
|
||
Menezes
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFCB8FC46FCD2EFE0" box="[770,820,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 65) are based on specimens actually belonging to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFF0EFCA3FDEBEFC5" authority="Valenciennes." authorityName="Valenciennes." box="[180,525,404,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFF0EFCA3FE8CEFC4" box="[180,362,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil curvidens</emphasis>
|
||
Valenciennes.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6694BAC09F1F503DFF7DFC80FDFAEB65" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1F503DFF7DFC80FE48ED35" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFF7DFC80FEA3EFB8" bold="true" box="[199,325,439,464]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
. The results obtained herein indicate that one of the problems involving mugilid taxonomy is related to previous identification of widely distributed species based on the assumption that morphological characters are very similar across the family (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFD2BFCC8FCA0EC70" author="Thomson" box="[657,838,511,536]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Thomson, J. M. (1997) The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 41 (3), 457 - 562." type="journal article" year="1997">Thomson, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, given that most, if not all, the species live in coastal waters and are strongly dependent on local low salinity for growth and gonad maturation before moving off-shore to spawn and returning to coastal lagoons and other estuarine water bodies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFBEAFF70FAF8EC08" author="Marin" box="[1104,1310,583,608]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Marin, E., Quintero, B. J. A., Bussuere, D. & Dodron, J. J. (2003) Reproduction and recruitment of white mullet (Mugil curema) to a tropical lagoon (Margarita Island, Venezuela) as revealed by otolith microstructure. Fishery Bulletin, 101, 809 - 821." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Marin
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFB27FF7EFB28EC08" box="[1181,1230,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; González- Castro
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFF52FF5AFEC7ECEC" box="[232,289,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011), it seemed unlikely that they would undertake the extensive migrations and have intense gene flow among populations from distant areas, which is prerequisite for the existence of single species in different portions of the world oceans. The best example is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFD76FF83FBE2ECA5" authority="Ribeiro" authorityName="Ribeiro" box="[716,1028,692,717]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFD76FF83FC70ECA4" box="[716,918,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil brevirostris</emphasis>
|
||
(Ribeiro)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recognized in the present paper as a species found along the Brazilian coast instead of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFD5EFFEFFC9BEC98" box="[740,893,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hospes">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFD5EFFEFFC9BEC98" box="[740,893,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil hospes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFC32FFE0FC35EC98" box="[904,979,727,752]" name="Jordan" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Culver (not
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFB36FFE0FB31EC98" box="[1164,1239,727,752]" name="Jordan" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Jordan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Cuvier as it appears in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFEA9FFCBFE26ED7C" author="Harrison" box="[275,448,764,789]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Harrison, I. J. (2003) Mugilidae,. In: Carpenter, K. E. (Ed.), The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. FAO species identification guide for fihery purpose, pp. 1071 - 1085. [vii + 602 - 1373]" type="book chapter" year="2003">Harrison, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a species originally described from the Pacific Ocean (Sinaloa,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFB1DFFCBFB18ED7D" box="[1191,1278,764,789]" name="Mexico" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and that was previously applied to this population (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFD87FE28FD17ED50" author="Thomson" box="[573,753,799,824]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Thomson, J. M. (1997) The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 41 (3), 457 - 562." type="journal article" year="1997">Thomson, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFD46FE28FC41ED50" author="Harrison" box="[764,935,799,824]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Harrison, I. J. (2003) Mugilidae,. In: Carpenter, K. E. (Ed.), The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. FAO species identification guide for fihery purpose, pp. 1071 - 1085. [vii + 602 - 1373]" type="book chapter" year="2003">Harrison, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), simply because the differences between the two taxa were neglected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1F503DFF7DFE50FDFAEB65" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
The almost worldwide distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFD38FE5FFC42EDE8" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[642,932,871,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFD38FE5FFCD5EDE8" box="[642,819,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil cephalus</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the wide distribution in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFB46FE5FFECDEDCD" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curema">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFB46FE5FFA7AEDE8" box="[1276,1436,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil curema</emphasis>
|
||
Valenciennes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFE7BFEBBFD9DEDCC" author="Thomson" box="[449,635,908,933]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Thomson, J. M. (1997) The Mugilidae of the world. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 41 (3), 457 - 562." type="journal article" year="1997">Thomson (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has been recently questioned in molecular studies based on the analysis of mitochondrial-DNA sequences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFD91FE98FCF0EDA0" author="Durand" box="[555,790,943,968]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Durand, J. D., Shen, K. N., Chen, W. J., Jamandre, B. W., Blel, H., Diop, K., Nirchio, M., Garcia de Leon, J. J., Whitfield, A. K., Chang, C. W. & Borsa, P. (2012) Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): Molecular phylogenentic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 64, 73 - 92. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.03.006" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Durand
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFD36FE86FD26EDA0" box="[652,704,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Morphological (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFC5FFE87FB38EDA0" author="Menezes" box="[997,1246,944,968]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Menezes, N. A., Oliveira, C. & Nirchio, M. (2010) An old taxonomic dilemma: the identity of the western south Atlantic lebranche mullet (Teleostei: Perciformes: Mugilidae). Zootaxa, 2519, 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Menezes
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFBECFE86FB6DEDA0" box="[1110,1163,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and molecularbased studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFE84FEE3FD67ED84" author="Siccha-Ramirez" box="[318,641,980,1005]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Siccha-Ramirez, Z. R., Menezes, N. A., Nirchio, M., Foresti, F. & Oliveira, C. (2014) Molecular identification of mullet species of the Atlantic South Caribbean and South America and the phylogeographic analysis of Mugil liza. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 22 (11), 86 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 10641262.2013.833583" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Siccha-Ramirez
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFE46FEE2FDC9ED84" box="[508,559,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) demonstrated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFCDFFEE3FB9EED85" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[869,1144,980,1005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liza">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFCDFFEE3FC3DED84" box="[869,987,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil liza</emphasis>
|
||
Valenciennes
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the name that must be used for the lebranche grey mullet in the Atlantic South Caribbean and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFC45FEC0FB84EA78" box="[1023,1122,1015,1040]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and so specific names such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFF0FF92AFED8EA5C" box="[181,318,1052,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFF0FF92AFED8EA5C" box="[181,318,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M. cephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFECEF92AFE1CEA5C" box="[372,506,1052,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFECEF92AFE1CEA5C" box="[372,506,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M. platanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not apply to taxa found at that region.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFC75F92BFB8AEA5C" box="[975,1132,1052,1076]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curema">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFC75F92BFB8AEA5C" box="[975,1132,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil curema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably has a much more restricted distribution than that previously recognized (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFCB4F908FC3EEA30" author="Eschmeyer" box="[782,984,1087,1112]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Eschmeyer, W. N. (Ed.), (2014) Catalog of Fishes: genera, species, references. Available from: http: // research. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / fishcatmain. asp (Accessed May 2014)" type="book chapter" year="2014">Eschmeyer, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and since the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F13557E99F1F503DFB35F908FB10EA30" box="[1167,1270,1087,1112]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is a specimen from Bahia,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFE91F953FE89EA15" box="[299,367,1124,1149]" name="Brazil" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Harrison, 1993) the name should be used only for the species occurring in Atlantic South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFF2DF9B0FF11EAC8" box="[151,247,1159,1184]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
until a more comprehensive revision is completed. Including specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFB7AF9BFFAB8EAC8" box="[1216,1374,1160,1184]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curema">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFB7AF9BFFAB8EAC8" box="[1216,1374,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil curema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFF2DF99BFEEFEAAD" box="[151,265,1196,1221]" name="Argentina" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, based on morphometric characters,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFD18F99BFC08EAAC" box="[674,1006,1196,1221]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Gonzalez-Castro, M., Ibanez, A. L., Heras, S., Roldan, M. I. & Cousseau, M. B. (2012) Assessment of lineal versus landmark based morphometry for discriminating species of Mugilidae. Zoological Studies, 51 (8), 1515 - 1528." type="journal article">
|
||
González-Castro
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFCDFF99AFC73EAAC" box="[869,917,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFA9EF99AFA7AEAAC" box="[1316,1436,1197,1220]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curema">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFA9EF99AFA7AEAAC" box="[1316,1436,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M. curema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFEDDF9F8FE5AEA80" box="[359,444,1231,1256]" name="Mexico" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFE47F9F8FD8BEA80" box="[509,621,1231,1256]" name="Argentina" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and suggested that the South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFC6DF9F8FBD1EA80" box="[983,1079,1231,1256]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
form identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFAA5F9E6FA7AEA80" box="[1311,1436,1233,1256]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curema">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFAA5F9E6FA7AEA80" box="[1311,1436,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M. curema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably represents a new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6694BAC09F1F503EFF7DF82FFC17EFE0" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1F503DFF7DF82FFA96E838" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFF7DF82FFEBDEB58" ID-CoL="44J62" box="[199,347,1304,1328]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFF7DF82FFEBDEB58" box="[199,347,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil incilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
originally described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFD23F82FFD16EB58" box="[665,752,1304,1328]" name="Guyana" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFCBEF820FC53EB58" author="Hancock" box="[772,949,1303,1328]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Hancock, J. (1830) Observations on the mullets of the coast of Guiana, and the grey-mullet of the British coast, with incidental remarks on the airbladder and stomach in fishes. Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and the Arts, London, I, 125 - 139." type="book chapter" year="1830">Hancock, 1830</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and later reported from freshwater (Rio Xingu, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFEEBF80BFE71EB3D" box="[337,407,1340,1365]" name="Brazil" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFE7FF80BFD63EB3C" box="[453,645,1340,1364]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xinguensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFE7FF80BFD63EB3C" box="[453,645,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil xinguensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Steindachner (1907) is instead restricted to the large estuarine area of the mouth of the Rio Amazonas extending north to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFC96F868FC79EB10" box="[812,927,1375,1400]" name="Venezuela" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and south to Maranhão,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFB6BF868FAFEEB10" box="[1233,1304,1375,1400]" name="Brazil" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where the influence of low salinity waters still prevails. The reference to this species as occurring from South Caribbean to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFF2DF890FEE0EBA8" box="[151,262,1447,1472]" name="Argentina" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1F503DFEA0F890FD81EBA8" author="Siccha-Ramirez" box="[282,615,1447,1472]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Siccha-Ramirez, Z. R., Menezes, N. A., Nirchio, M., Foresti, F. & Oliveira, C. (2014) Molecular identification of mullet species of the Atlantic South Caribbean and South America and the phylogeographic analysis of Mugil liza. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 22 (11), 86 - 96. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 10641262.2013.833583" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Siccha-Ramirez
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFE66F89EFDF7EBA8" box="[476,529,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is incorrect. This species has never been collected to date south of Maranhão and all the records south of this locality are probably due to Ribeiro’s (1915) reference to specimens from Sapucaia, Rio Parahyba (= Rio Paraíba), Rio de Janeiro on which he based his short description of the species. One of us (NAM) examined these and other specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFB88FB22FB47E844" ID-CoL="44J62" box="[1074,1185,1556,1580]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFB88FB22FB47E844" box="[1074,1185,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M. incilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Rio de Janeiro belonging in the MNRJ collection and found they were misidentified (see Remarks under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFB3DFB0FFAF0E838" ID-CoL="44J62" box="[1159,1302,1592,1616]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFB3DFB0FFAF0E838" box="[1159,1302,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil incilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1F503DFF7DFB6BFAE5E907" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Although there are no details about the karyotypes of two of the eight species studied herein (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFAE3FB6BFEFEE8F0" ID-CoL="44J3C" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFAE3FB6BFEFEE8F0" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil brevirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFED2FBB6FDEEE8F0" ID-CoL="44J4S" box="[360,520,1664,1688]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curvidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFED2FBB6FE99E8F0" box="[360,383,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFE21FBB7FDEEE8F0" box="[411,520,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">curvidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) the available cytogenetic data shows that diploid number, constitutive heterochromatin distribution and the striking differences in the location of the NORs allow to distinguish the other six species of the Atlantic South Caribbean and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFC88FBF0FC74E888" box="[818,914,1735,1760]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFC13FBFEFBCEE888" ID-CoL="44J4Q" box="[937,1064,1736,1760]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curema">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFC13FBFEFC26E888" box="[937,960,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFC6FFBFEFBCEE888" box="[981,1064,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">curema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFB86FBFEFB03E8B7" ID-CoL="44J6T" box="[1084,1253,1736,1760]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFB86FBFEFBB5E888" box="[1084,1107,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFBD2FBFFFB03E8B7" box="[1128,1253,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">margaritae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFB43FBFEFA8FE888" ID-CoL="44J62" box="[1273,1385,1736,1760]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFB43FBFEFAF6E888" box="[1273,1296,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFA9FFBFFFA8FE888" box="[1317,1385,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">incilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFAC7FBFEFEE2E96C" ID-CoL="44J9H" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trichodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFAC7FBFEFA72E888" box="[1405,1428,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFF2DFBDBFEE2E96C" box="[151,260,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">trichodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFEA8FBDAFE86E96C" ID-CoL="44J6J" box="[274,352,1772,1796]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liza">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFEA8FBDAFECFE96C" box="[274,297,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFE8DFBDBFE86E96C" box="[311,352,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">liza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFE2CFBDAFDD8E96C" ID-CoL="44J8N" box="[406,574,1772,1796]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rubrioculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFE2CFBDAFE4BE96C" box="[406,429,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFE01FBDBFDD8E96C" box="[443,574,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">rubrioculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Two species are easily distinguished by their unique chromosome numbers (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFF1AFA26FEFEE940" ID-CoL="44J4Q" box="[160,280,1808,1832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curema">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFF1AFA26FF51E940" box="[160,183,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFF7FFA26FEFEE940" box="[197,280,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">curema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 2n = 28 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFE5FFA26FD6EE94F" ID-CoL="44J6T" box="[485,648,1808,1832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFE5FFA26FE1AE940" box="[485,508,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFDB1FA27FD6EE94F" box="[523,648,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">margaritae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 2n = 24) and although all the remaining caryotyped species have 2n = 48 chromosomes their karyotypes with distinct NOR-bearing chromosomes indicates a clear distinction among them showing that cytogenetic data are good markers for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1F503DFC5FFA6FFBCEE918" ID-CoL="5VL8" box="[997,1064,1880,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1F503DFC5FFA6FFBCEE918" box="[997,1064,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Mugil</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the studied area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E31E94B9F1F503EFF7DFA4BFC17EFE0" blockId="33.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="34.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
The molecular studies on the other hand, involving the sequencing of the genes 16S (with slow evolutionary rates) and COI (with fast evolutionary rates) show that all the species from the Atlantic South Caribbean and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5699A9DB9F1F503DFF2DFAF3FF11E9B5" box="[151,247,1988,2013]" name="United States of America" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
can be readily distinguished from each other by the presence of a large number of fixed mutations and by high genetic distances. The present data was also compared with those from four samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1C503EFB50FDAFFA7AEED8" ID-CoL="44J42" box="[1258,1436,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1C503EFB50FDAFFA7AEED8" box="[1258,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mugil cephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequenced by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1F94BA9F1C503EFE80FD8BFDC1EEBC" box="[314,551,188,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Durand, J. D., Shen, K. N., Chen, W. J., Jamandre, B. W., Blel, H., Diop, K., Nirchio, M., Garcia de Leon, J. J., Whitfield, A. K., Chang, C. W. & Borsa, P. (2012) Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): Molecular phylogenentic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 64, 73 - 92. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.03.006" type="journal article">
|
||
Durand
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1C503EFE2DFD8AFE2CEEBC" box="[407,458,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, taking into consideration that some authors suggested the occurrence of this species in the study area. We found that all the species sequenced herein can be distinguished based on molecular data. Lower differences were found when
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1C503EFD3CFC32FCF2EF74" ID-CoL="44J42" box="[646,788,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1C503EFD3CFC32FD7BEF74" box="[646,669,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1C503EFD0AFC33FCF2EF74" box="[688,788,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">cephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98E92C89F1C503EFBB0FC32FBBDEF74" ID-CoL="44J6J" box="[1034,1115,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mugilidae" genus="Mugil" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mugiliformes" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liza">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1C503EFBB0FC32FBC7EF74" box="[1034,1057,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFA35599F1C503EFB89FC33FBBDEF74" box="[1075,1115,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">liza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tables 2 to 7), the lowest numbers for different nucleotides being 4 (16S) and 15.3 (COI) and the lowest genetic distances 0.007 (16S) and 0.025 (COI). However, the lowest value of the genetic distance (2.5%) in the COI gene is slightly higher than the mean species level divergence (2%) found among fish species (Ward, 2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |