221 lines
31 KiB
XML
221 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FD2C0552CCEB3765BF730BF98AC4D4E9">An updated review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera Zygaenoidea: Chrysopolomidae) with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="11EA2D23E652951BD4B56438C7AEE90C">Taberer, Tabitha R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="17E0F99C11E961D65093E507A504711B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="A62687F2FFF5FF85FF643FB55F03E17D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6884709" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197839081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6884709" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A62687F2FFF5FF85FF643FB55F03E17D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A62687F2FFF5FF85FF643FB55F03E17D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="6695656FFFF5FF84FF643FB55812E099" box="[151,844,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E3036E4FFF5FF84FF643FB55812E099" blockId="2.[151,844,223,250]" box="[151,844,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="75788188FFF5FF84FF643FB55812E099" bold="true" box="[151,844,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E98F4D67FFF5FF84FF643FB55812E099" ID-CoL="9B6YJ" authority="Kurshakov & Zolotuhin, 2013" authorityName="Kurshakov & Zolotuhin" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,844,223,250]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Strigivenifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albidiscalis">
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FF643FB55812E099" bold="true" box="[151,844,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FF643FB55A92E09A" bold="true" box="[151,460,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Strigivenifera albidiscalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4A1E4B15FFF5FF84FE203FB55812E099" author="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V." box="[467,844,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="904 - 919" refId="ref6695" refString="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V. (2013) A review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera, Chrysopolomidae) with a description of ten new species. Entomological Review, 93 (7), 904 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873813070142" type="journal article" year="2013">Kurshakov & Zolotuhin, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6695656FFFF5FF85FF643E4D5F03E17D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="2E3036E4FFF5FF84FF643E4D5E20E202" blockId="2.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
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Prior to its revision by
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<bibRefCitation id="4A1E4B15FFF5FF84FE6C3E4D585AE121" author="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V." box="[415,772,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="904 - 919" refId="ref6695" refString="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V. (2013) A review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera, Chrysopolomidae) with a description of ten new species. Entomological Review, 93 (7), 904 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873813070142" type="journal article" year="2013">Kurshakov & Zolotuhin (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="E98F4D67FFF5FF84FCE23E4D58F5E121" authorityName="Hering" authorityYear="1937" box="[785,939,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Strigivenifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FCE23E4D58F5E121" box="[785,939,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Strigivenifera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was considered to be monotypic ever since
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<bibRefCitation id="4A1E4B15FFF5FF84FF643E215A68E105" author="Hering, M." box="[151,310,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="233 - 257" refId="ref6601" refString="Hering, M. (1937) Revision der Chrysopolomidae (Lep.). Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 17 (4) 233 - 257." type="journal article" year="1937">Hering (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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synonymised
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<taxonomicName id="E98F4D67FFF5FF84FE243E21592AE105" authorityName="Kurshakov & Zolotuhin" authorityYear="2013" box="[471,628,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Strigivenifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albidiscalis">
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FE243E21592AE105" box="[471,628,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. albidiscalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(TL:
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<collectingCountry id="56987674FFF5FF84FD463E2159AEE105" box="[693,752,331,357]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">DRC</collectingCountry>
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) with the type species
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<taxonomicName id="E98F4D67FFF5FF84FC1D3E215F0BE105" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1006,1109,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Strigivenifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venata">
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FC1D3E215F0BE105" box="[1006,1109,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. venata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(TL:
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<collectingCountry id="56987674FFF5FF84FB663E215FBAE105" box="[1173,1252,331,357]" name="Gabon" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Gabon</collectingCountry>
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), associating the respective female and male
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<typeStatus id="F1348846FFF5FF84FE3F3E055967E1E9" box="[460,569,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
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due to their similar external habitus. Matching males to a female
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<typeStatus id="F1348846FFF5FF84FAFE3E055E31E1E9" box="[1293,1391,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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can be problematic in groups where external diagnostic characters are limited, and without the use of DNA barcoding it can sometimes be near-impossible to associate the two sexes.
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<bibRefCitation id="4A1E4B15FFF5FF84FC933EDD5FE3E1B1" author="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V." box="[864,1213,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="904 - 919" refId="ref6695" refString="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V. (2013) A review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera, Chrysopolomidae) with a description of ten new species. Entomological Review, 93 (7), 904 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873813070142" type="journal article" year="2013">Kurshakov & Zolotuhin (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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however, identified
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<specimenCount id="3889FD6DFFF5FF84FF643EB65A54E195" box="[151,266,475,502]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
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(one from
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<collectingCountry id="56987674FFF5FF84FE7B3EB15A9CE195" box="[392,450,475,501]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">DRC</collectingCountry>
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and one from
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<collectingCountry id="56987674FFF5FF84FD943EB1599BE195" box="[615,709,475,501]" name="Rwanda" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
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) as being conspecific with the female of
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<taxonomicName id="E98F4D67FFF5FF84FB673EB15E6FE195" authorityName="Kurshakov & Zolotuhin" authorityYear="2013" box="[1172,1329,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Strigivenifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albidiscalis">
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FB673EB15E6FE195" box="[1172,1329,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. albidiscalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on the pattern and colouration of the wings and thus revived the species from synonymy; their conclusion is well supported by the barcodes of newly-sequenced males and a female found in the same regions (BOLD process ids.: ANLMN8461-21–ANLMN8463-21), as well as clear differences in the male genitalia of this species and
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<taxonomicName id="E98F4D67FFF5FF84FAE33D2D5E29E201" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[1296,1399,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Strigivenifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venata">
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FAE33D2D5E29E201" box="[1296,1399,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. venata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E3036E4FFF5FF84FF343D015ECFE33D" blockId="2.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
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Despite identifying and describing the male of
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<taxonomicName id="E98F4D67FFF5FF84FD293D015826E2E5" authorityName="Kurshakov & Zolotuhin" authorityYear="2013" box="[730,888,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Strigivenifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albidiscalis">
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FD293D015826E2E5" box="[730,888,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. albidiscalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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for the first time, the authors also described two further species from roughly the same region of Central Africa:
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FCA53DE558E8E2C9" box="[854,950,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. cruisa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4A1E4B15FFF5FF84FC4F3DE55E55E2C9" author="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V." box="[956,1291,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="904 - 919" refId="ref6695" refString="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V. (2013) A review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera, Chrysopolomidae) with a description of ten new species. Entomological Review, 93 (7), 904 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873813070142" type="journal article" year="2013">Kurshakov & Zolotuhin, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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(TL:
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<collectingCountry id="56987674FFF5FF84FAB93DE55ECBE2C9" box="[1354,1429,655,681]" name="Kenya" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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) and
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FF343DD95A38E2AD" box="[199,358,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. livingstonei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4A1E4B15FFF5FF84FE9E3DD9599EE2AD" author="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V." box="[365,704,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="904 - 919" refId="ref6695" refString="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V. (2013) A review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera, Chrysopolomidae) with a description of ten new species. Entomological Review, 93 (7), 904 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873813070142" type="journal article" year="2013">Kurshakov & Zolotuhin, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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(TL:
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<collectingCountry id="56987674FFF5FF84FCF23DD9581EE2AD" box="[769,832,691,717]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">DRC</collectingCountry>
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). A first issue with the description of these taxa is that no comparison with Hampson’s species is made despite their sympatric distribution and possession of an arcuate postmedial band of the hindwing. This lack of detailed diagnoses is problematic for identification purposes, with the only mention of difference in the external morphology being that
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FC893C755883E359" box="[890,989,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. cruisa</emphasis>
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is “smaller and distinctly paler” than
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FA743C755A44E33D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. livingstonei</emphasis>
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, a claim that cannot be considered a reliable distinguishing feature of two otherwise identical species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E3036E4FFF5FF84FF343C025914E519" blockId="2.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
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Even more surprisingly, any perceived differences in the male genitalia are not discussed despite a number of specimens of all three taxa having been dissected as listed in the materials section. When comparing the male genitalia of the
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<typeStatus id="F1348846FFF5FF84FEE93CC55AD9E3A9" box="[282,391,943,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
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of
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FE5C3CC5594DE3A9" box="[431,531,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. cruisa</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FDBF3CC559B2E3A9" box="[588,748,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. livingstonei</emphasis>
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and the male of
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<taxonomicName id="E98F4D67FFF5FF84FC5D3CC55F13E3A9" authorityName="Kurshakov & Zolotuhin" authorityYear="2013" box="[942,1101,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Strigivenifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albidiscalis">
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FC5D3CC55F13E3A9" box="[942,1101,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. albidiscalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the clasping apparatus of all three have an identical groundplan characteristically consisting of a valve which is wide at the base and sharply narrowing medially, and a juxta with two lobes which gradually taper. In addition, the distal end of the aedeagus bears a paired cluster of strongly sclerotised cornuti in all three species (it must be noted that use of the term “cornuti” in
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<bibRefCitation id="4A1E4B15FFF5FF84FF463B555948E439" author="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V." box="[181,534,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="904 - 919" refId="ref6695" refString="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V. (2013) A review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera, Chrysopolomidae) with a description of ten new species. Entomological Review, 93 (7), 904 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873813070142" type="journal article" year="2013">Kurshakov & Zolotuhin (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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is in reference to spine-like structures on the distal end of the aedeagus and not within the vesica; the present paper follows this terminology). In particular, the
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<typeStatus id="F1348846FFF5FF84FBED3B095FDEE41D" box="[1054,1152,1123,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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dissection of
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FAEC3B095EDCE41D" box="[1311,1410,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. cruisa</emphasis>
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is identical to that of the illustrated
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<taxonomicName id="E98F4D67FFF5FF84FDF83BED59F6E4C1" authorityName="Kurshakov & Zolotuhin" authorityYear="2013" box="[523,680,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Strigivenifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albidiscalis">
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FDF83BED59F6E4C1" box="[523,680,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. albidiscalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FD163BED58DAE4C1" box="[741,900,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. livingstonei</emphasis>
|
||
may only be perceived as different in the thickness of the juxta processes. However, the absence of illustrations of additional specimens in the review makes it difficult to account for any intraspecific variability, and thus it is unclear whether this feature justifies its distinctiveness. The only notable differences considered by the authors between
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FC513B995F5DE56D" box="[930,1027,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. cruisa</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FBCA3B995F89E56D" box="[1081,1239,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. livingstonei</emphasis>
|
||
are that the valve is “digitate apically, and the aedeagus is large and bears a few cornuti” in
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FC2A3A7D5F65E551" box="[985,1083,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. cruisa</emphasis>
|
||
, although this statement is true of both species as observed in their figures. Again, the lack of detailed comparative diagnoses makes it extremely difficult to maintain both taxa as valid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E3036E4FFF5FF84FF343AEE5AC2E6DD" blockId="2.[151,1437,295,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="9EE73CB9FFF5FF84FF343AEE5AC7E6DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864792301" collectionCode="BOLD" country="Zambia" location="Central African" municipality="This" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="TT 111, TT 112, TT 113, TT 118" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Nord-Kivu">
|
||
In order to confirm the suspected synonymy of these three species, barcode-confirmed specimens were dissected and it was found that
|
||
<specimenCount id="3889FD6DFFF5FF84FE113ACD5907E5A1" box="[482,601,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="male">three male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens from north-west
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56987674FFF5FF84FC533ACD58A8E5A1" box="[928,1014,1447,1473]" name="Zambia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="489EAE21FFF5FF84FBF43ACD5F0BE5A1" box="[1031,1109,1447,1473]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">BOLD</collectionCode>
|
||
process ids./gen. slide Nos.: ANLMN8454-21/
|
||
<specimenCode id="7E299E9FFFF5FF84FE913AA15AEBE585" box="[354,437,1483,1510]" collectionCode="TT" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">TT 111</specimenCode>
|
||
; ANLMN8460-21/
|
||
<specimenCode id="7E299E9FFFF5FF84FD7A3AA15980E585" box="[649,734,1483,1509]" collectionCode="TT" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">TT 112</specimenCode>
|
||
; ANLMN8457-21/
|
||
<specimenCode id="7E299E9FFFF5FF84FC413AA15F5AE585" box="[946,1028,1483,1510]" collectionCode="TT" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">TT 113</specimenCode>
|
||
) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="3889FD6DFFF5FF84FBB33AA65F87E585" box="[1088,1241,1483,1510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EC4BF806FFF5FF84FAE93AA15EC6E585" box="[1306,1432,1483,1509]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Nord-Kivu" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Nord-Kivu</collectingRegion>
|
||
, DRC (
|
||
<collectionCode id="489EAE21FFF5FF84FF133A855A70E669" box="[224,302,1519,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">BOLD</collectionCode>
|
||
process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8462-21/
|
||
<specimenCode id="7E299E9FFFF5FF84FCDF3A8558DEE669" box="[812,896,1519,1545]" collectionCode="TT" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">TT 118</specimenCode>
|
||
) were identical in genitalia to each other and to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98F4D67FFF5FF84FF0639795ACFE64D" authorityName="Kurshakov & Zolotuhin" authorityYear="2013" box="[245,401,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Strigivenifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albidiscalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FF0639795ACFE64D" box="[245,401,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. albidiscalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FE6E39795AA0E64D" box="[413,510,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. cruisa</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FDCA39795988E64D" box="[569,726,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. livingstonei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B42A61FFF5FF84FD1739795810E64D" box="[740,846,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–13" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1690,1714]" captionTargetBox="[279,1308,189,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[268,1319,179,1664]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–13. Adult male Strigivenifera (deposited at ANHRT unless otherwise stated). 1. S. albidiscalis, DRC (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8462-21/TT 118); 2. S. albidiscalis, Zambia (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8454- 21/TT 111); 3. S. albidiscalis, Zambia (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8460-21/TT 112); 4. S. eborea, Ivory Coast (BOLD process id./gen. slide No. ANLMN8471-21/TT 114); 5. S. eborea, Sierra Leone (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8472/TT 115); 6. S. eborea, Ivory Coast (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8466-21/TT 123); 7. S. eborea, Ivory Coast (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8465-21/TT 141); 8. S. smithi sp. n., HT, Sierra Leone (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8475-21/TT 122); 9. S. smithi sp. n., PT, Sierra Leone (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: AN- LMN8474/TT 121), 10. S. smithi sp. n., PT, Sierra Leone (gen. slide No.: TT 139); 11. S. bartschi (PT of S. tatooifera), DRC (gen. slide No.: CHRY-11-52) (RMCA); 12. S. bartschi, DRC (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN7892-21/TT 124); 13. S. bartschi, DRC (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN7890-21/TT 125)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876376/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B42A61FFF5FF84FCAA397958FDE64D" box="[857,931,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–20" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[266,1313,198,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[260,1327,181,1810]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14–20. Male genitalia of Strigivenifera (a. clasping apparatus; b. aedeagus). 14. S. albidiscalis, DRC (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8462-21/TT 118); 15. S. albidiscalis, Zambia (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8454-21/ TT 111); 16. S. albidiscalis, Zambia (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8460-21/TT 112); 17. S. eborea, Ivory Coast (BOLD process id./gen. slide No. ANLMN8471-21/TT 114); 18. S. eborea, Sierra Leone (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8472/TT 115); 19. S. eborea, Ivory Coast (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8466-21/TT 123); 20. S. eborea, Ivory Coast (BOLD process id./gen. slide No.: ANLMN8465-21/TT 141)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6876378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6876378/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">14–16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="CE54AC9EFFF5FF84FC47397958B8E64D" box="[948,998,1555,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">This</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
result was considered surprising at first as there is a great deal of variation in the wing colouration of all these
|
||
<location id="2B50603FFFF5FF84FC54395D5F0BE631" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A62687F2FFF5FF85FF643FB55F03E17D:2B50603FFFF5FF84FC54395D5F0BE631" box="[935,1109,1591,1617]" country="Zambia" municipality="This" name="Central African" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Nord-Kivu">Central African</location>
|
||
specimens, implying that the darkness of the wings is not a reliable characteristic for distinguishing species in this genus, contrary to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1E4B15FFF5FF84FAD239315AD7E6F9" author="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V." pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="904 - 919" refId="ref6695" refString="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V. (2013) A review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera, Chrysopolomidae) with a description of ten new species. Entomological Review, 93 (7), 904 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873813070142" type="journal article" year="2013">Kurshakov & Zolotuhin’s (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
opinion; it also makes their comment on being able to identify species without needing dissection rather doubtful
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E3036E4FFF5FF85FF3439AD5F03E17D" blockId="2.[151,1437,295,2014]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Further support that these three species are conspecific can be found in the results of the phylogenetic analyses. All of the specimens identified as
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FDAE398159A1E765" box="[605,767,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. livingstonei</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF5FF84FCCF398158FCE765" box="[828,930,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">S. cruisa</emphasis>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1E4B15FFF5FF84FC2039815E62E765" author="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V." box="[979,1340,1771,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" pagination="904 - 919" refId="ref6695" refString="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V. (2013) A review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera, Chrysopolomidae) with a description of ten new species. Entomological Review, 93 (7), 904 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873813070142" type="journal article" year="2013">Kurshakov & Zolotuhin (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(BOLD process ids.: LBEOW2045-11; LBEOW2046-11; LIMBC811-11–LIMBC813-11; LIMBC817-11; LIMBC819-11; LIMBC820-11; LIMBC853-11) recovered closely within a clade alongside other Central African specimens (BOLD process ids.: ANLMN8452-21–ANLMN8463-21). The APWD between all specimens in this clade was 1.9%, and, given the sympatric distribution with no external distinguishing characters, this difference cannot be considered large enough for several distinct taxa. The phylogenetic reconstructions may support the idea that this species could be undergoing speciation, as several smaller, geographically grouped clusters were recovered; however, due to a clear lack of constant differences in external habitus and male genitalia, it is believed that these taxa represent a single, widespread species with a great degree of intraspecific variability. Given the morphological and genetic evidence as presented, both
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF4FF85FE263FB5592BE099" box="[469,629,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">S. livingstonei</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF4FF85FD5E3FB5584EE098" box="[685,784,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">S. cruisa</emphasis>
|
||
are here synonymised with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E98F4D67FFF4FF85FBBC3FB55FB3E099" authorityName="Kurshakov & Zolotuhin" authorityYear="2013" box="[1103,1261,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Strigivenifera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albidiscalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF4FF85FBBC3FB55FB3E099" box="[1103,1261,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">S. albidiscalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF4FF85FB0E3FB55EC3E099" box="[1277,1437,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">S. livingstonei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1E4B15FFF4FF85FF643E695AB4E17D" author="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V." box="[151,490,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="904 - 919" refId="ref6695" refString="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V. (2013) A review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera, Chrysopolomidae) with a description of ten new species. Entomological Review, 93 (7), 904 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873813070142" type="journal article" year="2013">Kurshakov & Zolotuhin, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF4FF85FE023E695961E17D" bold="true" box="[497,575,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">syn. n.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF4FF85FDBF3E6959F0E17C" box="[588,686,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">S. cruisa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A1E4B15FFF4FF85FD463E695F56E17D" author="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V." box="[693,1032,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="904 - 919" refId="ref6695" refString="Kurshakov, P. A. & Zolotuhin, V. V. (2013) A review of the genus Strigivenifera Hering, 1937 (Lepidoptera, Chrysopolomidae) with a description of ten new species. Entomological Review, 93 (7), 904 - 919. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0013873813070142" type="journal article" year="2013">Kurshakov & Zolotuhin, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFBEAF6FFF4FF85FBFC3E695F03E17D" bold="true" box="[1039,1117,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">syn. n.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |