1184 lines
167 KiB
XML
1184 lines
167 KiB
XML
<document id="817DA429727F5B1F0676B71C642A49EB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791936" ID-ZooBank="D7981CD0-B52B-488B-89F9-F62DC182ECF8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1709795400278" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nebeshwar, Kongbrailatpam, Rameshori, Yumnam & Prabina, Salam" docDate="2024" docId="A621D73CFFD1FB6433E5060D66ABFE3D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5419.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5419 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Garra hexagonarostris Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina 2024" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="198" masterDocId="5A18AF44FFD3FB6D3372042E644DFFB4" masterDocTitle="Garra hexagonarostris, a new labeonine fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Chindwin basin, Manipur, Northeast India, and a critical review on the taxonomic status of G. minimus, G. alticaputus, G. nigricauda, G. kimini, and G. tyao" masterLastPageNumber="216" masterPageNumber="189" pageNumber="191" updateTime="1711586781803" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B31FBE9E06BD43C46CEC00C529EDE5E4">Garra hexagonarostris, a new labeonine fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Chindwin basin, Manipur, Northeast India, and a critical review on the taxonomic status of G. minimus, G. alticaputus, G. nigricauda, G. kimini, and G. tyao</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="644F28D4FA6A806C1E75C2DC2A3631D6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2A7F7157D6424CF10290DCCB099D9F2B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4FCA75682436DB73D23991A0E094527B">Nebeshwar, Kongbrailatpam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6847FD6D4F4E52F6D0339C1C4DD39886">Department of Zoology, Mayai Lambi College, Yumnam Huidrom, 795009, Manipur, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="EA7BA2D8218091C951AF7B3343B3524F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E22A11E7AC02FCEB6E7026C5C29C3BB2">Rameshori, Yumnam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6FEFFDEDB77A395DC14FABC3D8BF5124" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7119-6125</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D3FD344A6686EC79C41A3342E34673AB">Department of Life Sciences (Zoology), Manipur University, Canchipur, 795003, Manipur, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D3EDF624554541B70FCD6873EE1F63DA" type="email">rameshori.yumnam@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="C165168B53954BC4CB2730E0FF733583">Prabina, Salam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3C164657831942D4E8546FC751F3173A">Department of Life Sciences (Zoology), Manipur University, Canchipur, 795003, Manipur, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="717861E3DEB76E4E1190DBD5CE3F6F70" type="email">prabina.salam016@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1B0F794D518D811CF775617F4C5E967A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B9A3A452A0D42BA04613760D30931CE6">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E2FA350A6685F71E89C66D0390B8B41B">2024-03-06</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A621D73CFFD1FB6433E5060D66ABFE3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10888799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10888799" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A621D73CFFD1FB6433E5060D66ABFE3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A621D73CFFD1FB6433E5060D66ABFE3D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">
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<subSubSection id="669235A1FFD1FB6F33E5060D66E6FD88" box="[151,683,546,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD1FB6F33E5060D66E6FD88" blockId="2.[151,683,546,573]" box="[151,683,546,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">
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<heading id="757FD146FFD1FB6F33E5060D66E6FD88" bold="true" box="[151,683,546,573]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD1FB6F33E5060D66E6FD88" bold="true" box="[151,683,546,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">
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<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD1FB6F33E5060D65E1FD89" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,428,546,573]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
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<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD1FB6F33E5060D65E1FD89" bold="true" box="[151,428,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, (
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||
<figureCitation id="B6B37AAFFFD1FB6F32B0060C6644FD88" box="[450,521,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,774,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-227@2.[151,1436,774,1904]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Garra hexagonarostris, sp. nov., holotype, MUMF 31001, 133.9 mm SL; a. lateral, b. dorsal, and c. ventral views. India: Manipur, Chakpi River." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791938/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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||
) new species
|
||
</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="669235A1FFD1FB6F33E5064565D8FD45" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD1FB6F33E50645614AFD1D" blockId="2.[151,1437,619,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">
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<materialsCitation id="9EE06C77FFD1FB6F33E50645614AFD1D" collectingDate="2011-12-14" collectionCode="MUMF" country="India" county="Chandel District" elevation="801" latitude="24.20139" location="Chindwin River" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="93.913055" municipality="Chakpi River" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manipur" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD1FB6F33E506456549FD31" bold="true" box="[151,260,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">
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<typeStatus id="F133D888FFD1FB6F33E506456549FD31" box="[151,260,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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||
<collectionCode id="4899FEEFFFD1FB6F32630645652AFD31" box="[273,359,619,645]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x8gv-47he" name="Department of Life Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">MUMF</collectionCode>
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<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD1FB6F321F0645667CFD31" box="[365,561,619,645]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1001133899999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="3.10011339E7">31001, 133.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="569F26BAFFD1FB6F3117064566EEFD31" box="[613,675,619,645]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">India</collectingCountry>
|
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:
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<collectingRegion id="EC4CA8C8FFD1FB6F31DF0645675FFD31" box="[685,786,619,645]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">Manipur</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingCounty id="C7561EA6FFD1FB6F30690645679BFD31" box="[795,982,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">Chandel District</collectingCounty>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality id="CE53FC50FFD1FB6F309206456038FD31" box="[992,1141,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">Chakpi River</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<location id="2B5730F1FFD1FB6F37F10645617AFD31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A621D73CFFD1FB6433E5060D66ABFE3D:2B5730F1FFD1FB6F37F10645617AFD31" box="[1155,1335,619,645]" country="India" county="Chandel District" latitude="24.20139" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="93.913055" municipality="Chakpi River" name="Chindwin River" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" stateProvince="Manipur">Chindwin River</location>
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basin) at
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||
<location id="2B5730F1FFD1FB6F33E506A16574FD1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A621D73CFFD1FB6433E5060D66ABFE3D:2B5730F1FFD1FB6F33E506A16574FD1D" box="[151,313,655,681]" country="India" county="Chandel District" latitude="24.20139" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="93.913055" municipality="Chakpi River" name="Chakpikarong" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" stateProvince="Manipur">Chakpikarong</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4BBC00EDFFD1FB6F323606A0659AFD1D" box="[324,471,654,681]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" precision="15" seconds="05" value="24.20139">24°12’05” N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4BBC00EDFFD1FB6F329006A0663FFD1D" box="[482,626,654,681]" degrees="93" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" precision="15" seconds="47" value="93.913055">93°54’47” E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<location id="2B5730F1FFD1FB6F310C06A166A4FD1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A621D73CFFD1FB6433E5060D66ABFE3D:2B5730F1FFD1FB6F310C06A166A4FD1D" box="[638,745,655,681]" country="India" county="Chandel District" latitude="24.20139" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="93.913055" municipality="Chakpi River" name="Elevation" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" stateProvince="Manipur">Elevation</location>
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<elevation id="A5A58119FFD1FB6F318206A16714FD1D" box="[752,857,655,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.01" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" unit="m" value="801.0">
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<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD1FB6F318206A1677DFD1D" box="[752,816,655,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.01" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" unit="m" value="801.0">801m</quantity>
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||
asl
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
;
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||
<location id="2B5730F1FFD1FB6F301706A16793FD1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A621D73CFFD1FB6433E5060D66ABFE3D:2B5730F1FFD1FB6F301706A16793FD1D" box="[869,990,655,681]" country="India" county="Chandel District" latitude="24.20139" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="93.913055" municipality="Chakpi River" name="Rameshori" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" stateProvince="Manipur">Rameshori</location>
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD1FB6F309706A16050FD1D" box="[997,1053,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
|
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,
|
||
<date id="5A3640EAFFD1FB6F375906A1614FFD1D" box="[1067,1282,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" value="2011-12-14">
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<collectingDate id="4A72B902FFD1FB6F375906A1614FFD1D" box="[1067,1282,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" value="2011-12-14">14 December 2011</collectingDate>
|
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</date>
|
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.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD1FB6F33B5069D65D8FD45" blockId="2.[151,1437,619,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">
|
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<materialsCitation id="9EE06C77FFD1FB6F33B5069D65DFFD45" collectingDate="2011-12-14" collectionCode="MUMF" country="India" county="Chandel District" elevation="801" latitude="24.20139" location="Chindwin River" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="93.913055" municipality="Chakpi River" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="MUMF 31002-31012, 11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manipur" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD1FB6F33B5069D6572FD79" bold="true" box="[199,319,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">
|
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<typeStatus id="F133D888FFD1FB6F33B5069D6572FD79" box="[199,319,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="7E2ECE51FFD1FB6F323C069D6606FD79" box="[334,587,691,717]" collectionCode="MUMF" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x8gv-47he" name="Department of Life Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">MUMF 31002−31012</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="7E2ECE51FFD1FB6F3125069D6639FD79" box="[599,628,691,717]" collectionCode="MUMF" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x8gv-47he" name="Department of Life Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">11</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD1FB6F31F3069D677EFD79" box="[641,819,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.294999999999998" metricValueMax="11.16" metricValueMin="7.43" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="92.94999999999999" valueMax="111.6" valueMin="74.3">74.3−111.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL; − ZSI FF 9992, 2, 88.0 mm SL and
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD1FB6F3675069D6121FD79" box="[1287,1388,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" unit="mm" value="91.6">91.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL; same data as holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="7AF736A2FFD1FB6F33E503A46584F873" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791938/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" startId="2.[151,250,1930,1954]" targetBox="[151,1436,774,1904]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD1FB6F33E503A46584F873" blockId="2.[151,1437,1930,1991]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD1FB6F33E503A4655EF816" bold="true" box="[151,275,1930,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD1FB6F326A03A5664FF817" authority="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina, 2024" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[280,514,1931,1955]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD1FB6F326A03A5664FF817" box="[280,514,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD1FB6F317F03A56610F817" bold="true" box="[525,605,1931,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="07CF0743FFD1FB6F317F03A56610F817" box="[525,605,1931,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype, MUMF 31001, 133.9 mm SL;
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD1FB6F377603A5605AF817" bold="true" box="[1028,1047,1931,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">a.</emphasis>
|
||
lateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD1FB6F371A03A56030F817" bold="true" box="[1128,1149,1931,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">b.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal, and
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD1FB6F378503A56144F817" bold="true" box="[1271,1289,1931,1955]" pageId="2" pageNumber="191">c.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral views. India: Manipur, Chakpi River.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="669235A1FFD0FB6E33B504B861DBFED0" pageId="3" pageNumber="192" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD0FB6E33B504B861DBFED0" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD0FB6E33B504B8650FFF04" bold="true" box="[199,322,150,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD0FB6E323504B9660AFF04" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[327,583,150,177]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD0FB6E323504B9660AFF04" box="[327,583,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a member of ‘proboscis species group’, is distinguished from other members of this group in possessing the following combination of characters: a transverse lobe with 13−35 small- to medium-sized conical tubercles; a prominent, unilobed, hexagon-shaped proboscis with five large-sized conical acanthoid tubercles on anterior margin and three or four medium-sized conical acanthoid tubercles on anteroventral marginal aspect; lateral surface of snout swollen with 8−18 small tubercles; depressed rostral surface of snout flat and creased; 28−29 + 3 = 31−32 lateral-line scales; 8½ branched dorsal-fin rays; 5½ branched anal-fin rays; and labella absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="669235A1FFD0FB6833B50540661AFC7D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="3" pageNumber="192" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD0FB6E33B5054066BAFD88" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD0FB6E33B50540651CFE3C" bold="true" box="[199,337,366,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Morphometric data of
|
||
<typeStatus id="F133D888FFD0FB6E311105406688FE3C" box="[611,709,366,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="192" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="388EADA3FFD0FB6E318D054067C2FE3D" box="[767,911,366,393]" count="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="192" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">13 paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="630A5391FFD0FB6E375A05406033FE3C" box="[1064,1150,366,392]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="10.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of holotype (MU-MF 31001) and thirteen paratypes (MUMF 31002 31014 (11) and ZSI FF 9992 (2) of Garra hexagonarostris. Ranges include values of holotype." pageId="3" pageNumber="192">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Body elongate, laterally compressed, more compressed towards caudal peduncle. Dorsal head profile rising gently over snout, slightly convex. Dorsal body profile to dorsal-fin origin slightly convex and dorsal- to caudal-fin origin nearly straight. Ventral profile from pectoral- to pelvic-fin origin straight, and pelvic- to caudal-fin origin slightly convex. Head moderately large, depressed with convex interorbital area; height less than length; width greater than height. Eyes placed dorsolaterally in posterior half of head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B37AAFFFD0FB6E31D7060C66ABFD88" box="[677,742,546,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,774,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-227@2.[151,1436,774,1904]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Garra hexagonarostris, sp. nov., holotype, MUMF 31001, 133.9 mm SL; a. lateral, b. dorsal, and c. ventral views. India: Manipur, Chakpi River." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791938/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD0FB6E33B5066866CEFC7C" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Snout broadly rounded with transverse lobe covered with 13−35 small- to medium-sized conical acanthoid tubercles, demarcated posteriorly by moderately deep groove; prominent, unilobed, hexagon-shaped proboscis; lateral surface of snout swollen with 8−18 small- to medium-sized conical acanthoid tubercles; and with one or two small-sized conical acanthoid tubercles above nostril, and one to three small-sized conical acanthoid tubercles behind nostril. Proboscis moderately elevated upwards, projected anteriorly up to transverse groove, sharply delineated from depressed rostral surface by narrow deep groove; width smaller than internarial space; anterior margin with five large-sized conical acanthoid tubercles, and anteroventral marginal aspect with three or four medium-sized conical acanthoid tubercles; laterodorsal marginal aspects of posterior half of hexagon and basal side of hexagon lined by six small-sized tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B37AAFFFD0FB6E316D07486628FC34" box="[543,613,870,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[322,1266,992,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-362@3.[322,1266,992,1679]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Garra hexagonarostris, holotype, morphology of snout showing transverse lobe, proboscis, and lateral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791940/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some specimens, four or five small-sized tubercles on dorsal surface of proboscis. Depressed rostral surface flat with fine ridges and without tubercles. Sublachrymal groove shallow, not connected to rostral cap groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B37AAFFFD0FB6E314307806638FC7C" box="[561,629,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1151,1175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,381,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-119@4.[151,1436,381,1128]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Garra hexagonarostris, holotype, showing sublachrymal groove and rostral cap groove." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791942/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AF736A2FFD0FB6E33E5028961CDF90B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791940" box="[151,1408,1703,1727]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791940/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="192" startId="3.[151,250,1703,1727]" targetBox="[322,1266,992,1679]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD0FB6E33E5028961CDF90B" blockId="3.[151,1408,1703,1727]" box="[151,1408,1703,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD0FB6E33E50289655EF90B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1703,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD0FB6E326B0286664EF90B" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[281,515,1703,1727]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD0FB6E326B0286664EF90B" box="[281,515,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, morphology of snout showing transverse lobe, proboscis, and lateral surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD0FB6933B5033F6798FED1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1809,2016]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="3" pageNumber="192">
|
||
Barbels in two pairs; rostral barbel shorter than eye diameter; maxillary barbel shorter than rostral barbel. Rostral cap well-developed, highly fimbriate; papillate ventral surface narrow. Upper lip present as a thin band of weakly developed papillae in one row. Upper jaw covered by rostral cap and partly exposed on median marginal region. Gular disc elliptical, shorter than wide and narrower than head width through roots of maxillary barbel, medially positioned, relatively large (disc width 54−65% HL, disc length 36−47% HL). Torus slightly arched medially and highly arched laterally on each side, its lateral extension reaching beyond imaginary vertical line through lateral margin of pulvinus; anterior extension reaching anterior margin of lower jaw; pulvinus relatively large (width 35−43% HL; length 24−32% HL), its anterior and posterior halves equally rounded, width 1.2−1.4 times length; labella absent, one slight incision on outer lateral side of each anterolateral region of labrum; labrum extending posteriorly beyond vertically to posterior margin of eye; toral groove shallow; papillae on papillate ventral surface of rostral cap, labella, and labrum rounded, evenly arranged; papillae on torus elongated and fleshy; papillae on inner half of whole length of labrum larger and coarsely arranged (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B37AAFFFD7FB6930F005656785FED1" box="[898,968,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[483,1103,1236,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-135@4.[483,1103,1236,1866]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Garra hexagonarostris, holotype, showing gular disc and oral structures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791944/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="193">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AF736A2FFD7FB6933E5005160DBFB2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791942" box="[151,1174,1151,1176]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791942/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="193" startId="4.[151,250,1151,1175]" targetBox="[151,1436,381,1128]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD7FB6933E5005160DBFB2C" blockId="4.[151,1174,1151,1176]" box="[151,1174,1151,1176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD7FB6933E50051655EFB23" bold="true" box="[151,275,1151,1175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="193">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD7FB69326B00AE664EFB23" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[281,515,1151,1175]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD7FB69326B00AE664EFB23" box="[281,515,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="193">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, showing sublachrymal groove and rostral cap groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7AF736A2FFD7FB6933E5034F67B0F8CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791944" box="[151,1021,1889,1913]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791944/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="193" startId="4.[151,250,1889,1913]" targetBox="[483,1103,1236,1866]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD7FB6933E5034F67B0F8CD" blockId="4.[151,1021,1889,1913]" box="[151,1021,1889,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="193">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD7FB6933E5034F655EF8CD" bold="true" box="[151,275,1889,1913]" pageId="4" pageNumber="193">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD7FB69326B034C664EF8CD" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[281,515,1889,1913]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD7FB69326B034C664EF8CD" box="[281,515,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="193">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, showing gular disc and oral structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD6FB6833B504B9657AFD89" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">Dorsal fin with 3 (14) simple and 8½ (14) branched rays; last simple ray shorter than head length; distal margin concave; origin closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base, inserted anterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin; first branched ray longest, last branched ray not extending vertically to anal-fin origin. Pectoral-fin with 1 (14) simple and 11 (9) or 12* (5) branched rays, reaching beyond midway to pelvic-fin origin when adpressed; length shorter than head length; margin subacuminate; fifth branched ray longest, not extending to base of pelvic fin. Pelvic fin with 1 (14) simple and 8 (14) branched rays, reaching beyond midway to anal-fin origin, slightly surpassing anus; second branched ray longest, not extending to base of anal fin; origin closer to anal-fin origin than to pectoral-fin origin, inserted below base of third branched dorsal-fin ray; distal margin slightly convex.Anal fin short, with 3 (14) simple and 5½ (14) branched rays; first branched ray longest, reaching base of caudal fin; distal posterior margin concave; origin closer to caudal-fin base than to pelvic-fin origin. Anus closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin origin. Caudal fin forked; tip of lobes moderately pointed; lower lobe slightly longer; tenth ray (counting from upper lobe) shortest.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD6FB6833B5066966B5FD45" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">Lateral line complete, with 28–29 + 3 i.e., 31 (6) or 32* (8) scales. Transverse scale rows above lateral line 4½ (14); scales between lateral line and anal-fin origin 3½ (14); scales between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 2½* (10) or 3½ (4). Circumpeduncular scale rows 12 (14). Predorsal scales 9* (6) or 10 (8); regularly arranged, same size as flank scales. Chest and belly scaled; scales on chest smaller and under thin skin. Preanal scales 3 (14). Dorsal-fin base scales 5 (7) or 6* (7). Anal-fin base scales 4 (14).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD6FB6833B506D461DFFCA1" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1185]" box="[199,1426,762,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD6FB6833B506D4650EFCA0" bold="true" box="[199,323,762,788]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">Osteology.</emphasis>
|
||
Total vertebrae: 32 (1), comprising 21 abdominal + 11 caudal vertebrae; predorsal vertebrae 9 (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD6FB6833B50730661AFC7D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD6FB6833B507306505FC8C" bold="true" box="[199,328,798,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. In 10% formalin, head, dorsum and side dark brown or dark gray. Mouth, chest, and abdomen yellowish. Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic and anal fins greyish brown. Distal dorsal marginal region of pectoral fin light brown. Dorsal surface of pelvic fin light brown. Caudal fin greyish. Five or six narrow dark black stripes on caudal peduncle. An arch-shaped black spot on opercle immediately anterior to upper angle of gill opening. Base of last 5 branched dorsal-fin rays faintly spotted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="669235A1FFD6FB6833B507FC60B8FBED" pageId="5" pageNumber="194" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD6FB6833B507FC60B8FBED" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD6FB6833B507FC65BCFC58" bold="true" box="[199,497,978,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
||
. Presently known only from the Chakpi River at Chakpikarong (Chindwin River basin),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EC4CA8C8FFD6FB68339F07D96502FBA5" box="[237,335,1015,1041]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">Manipur</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="569F26BAFFD6FB68322D07D965D4FBA5" box="[351,409,1015,1041]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B37AAFFFD6FB6832D907D965BEFBA5" box="[427,499,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1939,1963]" captionTargetBox="[491,1095,1209,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-503@5.[491,1095,1209,1916]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Map showing the type locality of Garra hexagonarostris in Chakpi River, Manipur, India." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791946/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The new species was collected from a swift-flowing riffle, over a substrate of gravel and bed rock (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6B37AAFFFD6FB6832F600356584FB81" box="[388,457,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1034,1058]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,181,1010]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[174,1413,181,1010]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Chakpi River, Manipur, India; habitat of Garra hexagonarostris." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791948/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Co-occurring species collected from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F133D888FFD6FB6830D40035679BFB81" box="[934,982,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality includes members of the genera
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD6FB6833E5001160DFFBED" box="[151,1170,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD6FB6833E5001166F3FBED" authority=", Channa, Glyptothorax, Mastacembelus" authorityName="Channa, Glyptothorax, Mastacembelus" box="[151,702,1087,1113]" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Balitora, Channa, Glyptothorax, Mastacembelus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD6FB6831BB00116722FBED" box="[713,879,1087,1113]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Neolissochilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neolissochilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD6FB683008001160DFFBED" authority=", Schistura" authorityName="Schistura" box="[890,1170,1087,1113]" family="Psilorhynchidae" genus="Psilorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Psilorhynchus, Schistura</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD6FB6837BA001160A3FBEC" box="[1224,1262,1087,1112]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Tor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD6FB6837BA001160A3FBEC" box="[1224,1262,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">Tor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="669235A1FFD6FB6833B5004D614CFB15" pageId="5" pageNumber="194" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD6FB6833B5004D614CFB15" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD6FB6833B5004D6503FBC9" bold="true" box="[199,334,1123,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is derived from Latin ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD6FB683049004D67F1FBC9" box="[827,956,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">hexagonum</emphasis>
|
||
’, meaning ‘six-sided figure or shape’, and ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD6FB6833D300A964B4FB14" box="[161,249,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">rostrum</emphasis>
|
||
(rostris)
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD6FB68322A00A9652CFB15" box="[344,353,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">’</emphasis>
|
||
, meaning ‘beak’ or ‘bill’, referring to the hexagon-shaped proboscis. An adjective.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="7AF736A2FFD6FB6833E503BD60E6F818" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791946" box="[151,1195,1939,1964]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791946/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="194" startId="5.[151,250,1939,1963]" targetBox="[491,1095,1209,1916]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD6FB6833E503BD60E6F818" blockId="5.[151,1195,1939,1964]" box="[151,1195,1939,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD6FB6833E503BD655EF818" bold="true" box="[151,275,1939,1964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD6FB68311D03BA6714F818" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[623,857,1940,1964]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD6FB68311D03BA6714F818" box="[623,857,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="194">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Chakpi River, Manipur, India.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7AF736A2FFD5FB6B33E5002467E4FB96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791948" box="[151,937,1034,1058]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791948/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" startId="6.[151,250,1034,1058]" targetBox="[174,1413,181,1010]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD5FB6B33E5002467E4FB96" blockId="6.[151,937,1034,1058]" box="[151,937,1034,1058]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B33E50024655EFB96" bold="true" box="[151,275,1034,1058]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Chakpi River, Manipur, India; habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B31CA002567E8FB96" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[696,933,1034,1058]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">Garra hexagonarostris</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="669235A1FFD5FB6433B5005A66ABFE3D" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD5FB6B33B5005A6156F8A3" blockId="6.[151,1437,1140,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B33B5005A6501FB3A" bold="true" box="[199,332,1140,1166]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B3153005B6768FB3B" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[545,805,1141,1167]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B3153005B6768FB3B" box="[545,805,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the ‘proboscis species group’ of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B366C005B65D5FB07" author="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W." pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="17 - 53" refId="ref16564" refString="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2017) On the snout and oromandibular morphology of genus Garra, description of two new species from the Koladyne River basin in Mizoram, India, and redescription of G. manipurensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 28, 17 - 53." type="journal article" year="2017">Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
characterized by a unilobed, hexagon-shaped proboscis, with large conical acanthoid tubercles on proboscis and transverse lobe. The new species is compared with 28 valid species of the ‘proboscis species group’ distributed in four river basins (Brahmaputra, Chindwin, Barak, and Kaladan) draining Northeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="569F26BAFFD5FB6B33E5012B649CFAAB" box="[151,209,1285,1311]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjoining regions in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="569F26BAFFD5FB6B3286012B6605FAAB" box="[500,584,1285,1311]" name="Bhutan" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EC4CA8C8FFD5FB6B3126012B66C3FAAB" box="[596,654,1285,1311]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">Tibet</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="569F26BAFFD5FB6B31EC012B66ABFAAB" box="[670,742,1285,1311]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="569F26BAFFD5FB6B3059012B67FCFAAB" box="[811,945,1285,1311]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
. These species are:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B37E1012B61DAFAAB" authority="(Gray, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1171,1431,1285,1311]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gotyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B37E1012B60B1FAAB" box="[1171,1276,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. gotyla</emphasis>
|
||
(Gray, 1832)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B33E5010765BAFAF7" authority="(McClelland, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="McClelland" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[151,503,1321,1347]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B33E501076544FAF6" box="[151,265,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B3269010765A2FAF7" author="McClelland, J." box="[283,495,1321,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="941 - 948" refId="ref16340" refString="McClelland, J. (1838) Observations on six new species of Cyprinidae with an outline of a new classification of the family. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 7, 941 - 948." type="journal article" year="1838">McClelland, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B31750107605FFAF7" authority="Nebeshwar, Bagra & Das, 2012" authorityName="Nebeshwar, Bagra & Das" authorityYear="2012" box="[519,1042,1321,1347]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kalpangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B3175010766C2FAF7" box="[519,655,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. kalpangi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B31E90107605FFAF7" author="Nebeshwar, K. & Bagra, K. & Das, D. N." box="[667,1042,1321,1347]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="2353 - 2362" refId="ref16453" refString="Nebeshwar, K., Bagra, K. & Das, D. N. (2012) Garra kalpangi, a new cyprinid fish species (Pisces: Teleostei) from upper Brahmaputra basin in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4, 2353 - 2362. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 1703.2353 - 62" type="journal article" year="2012">Nebeshwar, Bagra & Das, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B375301076525FAD3" authority="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B3753010760BFFAF7" box="[1057,1266,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. arunachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B378F01076525FAD3" author="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W." pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="97 - 120" refId="ref16521" refString="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2013) Three new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from north-eastern India and redescription of G. gotyla. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24, 97 - 120." type="journal article" year="2013">Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B320A016367CDFAD3" authority="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[376,896,1357,1383]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B320A016365B6FAD3" box="[376,507,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B3174016367CDFAD3" author="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W." box="[518,896,1357,1383]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="97 - 120" refId="ref16521" refString="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2013) Three new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from north-eastern India and redescription of G. gotyla. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24, 97 - 120." type="journal article" year="2013">Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B30FD0163649FFA3F" authority="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadratirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B30FD01636013FAD3" box="[911,1118,1357,1383]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. quadratirostris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B371A0163649FFA3F" author="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W." pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="97 - 120" refId="ref16521" refString="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2013) Three new species of Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from north-eastern India and redescription of G. gotyla. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24, 97 - 120." type="journal article" year="2013">Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B3390015F6744FA3F" authority="Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi, 2016" authorityName="Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi" authorityYear="2016" box="[226,777,1393,1419]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binduensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B3390015F6532FA3F" box="[226,383,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. binduensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B32F8015F6744FA3F" author="Das, U. & Kosygin, L. & Panigrahi, A. K." box="[394,777,1393,1419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="52 - 58" refId="ref15520" refString="Das, U., Kosygin, L. & Panigrahi, A. K. (2016) Garra binduensis, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from North Bengal, India. Bioglobia, 3, 52 - 58." type="journal article" year="2016">Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B306A015F613EFA3F" authority="Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016" authorityName="Thoni, Gurung & Mayden" authorityYear="2016" box="[792,1395,1393,1419]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculacauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B306A015F67A7FA3F" box="[792,1002,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. bimaculacauda</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B3087015F613EFA3F" author="Thoni, R. J. & Gurung, D. B. & Mayden, R. L." box="[1013,1395,1393,1419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="115 - 132" refId="ref17426" refString="Thoni, R. J., Gurung, D. B. & Mayden, R. L. (2016) A review of the genus Garra Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the descriptions of two new species and three additional records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4169 (1), 115 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4169.1.5" type="journal article" year="2016">Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B36F3015F66A6FA1B" authority="Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016" authorityName="Thoni, Gurung & Mayden" authorityYear="2016" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parastenorhynchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B36F3015F6520FA1B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. parastenorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B320401BB66A6FA1B" author="Thoni, R. J. & Gurung, D. B. & Mayden, R. L." box="[374,747,1429,1455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="115 - 132" refId="ref17426" refString="Thoni, R. J., Gurung, D. B. & Mayden, R. L. (2016) A review of the genus Garra Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the descriptions of two new species and three additional records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4169 (1), 115 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4169.1.5" type="journal article" year="2016">Thoni, Gurung & Mayden, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B318501BB6090FA1B" authority="Gurumayum & Kosygin, 2016" authorityName="Gurumayum & Kosygin" authorityYear="2016" box="[759,1245,1429,1455]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B318501BB673AFA1A" box="[759,887,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. tamangi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B300D01BB6090FA1B" author="Gurumayum, S. D. & Kosygin, L." box="[895,1245,1429,1455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="84 - 93" refId="ref15911" refString="Gurumayum, S. D. & Kosygin, L. (2016) Garra tamangi, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeastern India. Species, 17, 84 - 93." type="journal article" year="2016">Gurumayum & Kosygin, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B379B01BB65F6FA67" authority="Roni & Vishwanath, 2017" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biloborostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B379B01BB61D0FA1B" box="[1257,1437,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. biloborostris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B33E5019765F6FA67" author="Roni, N. & Vishwanath, W." box="[151,443,1465,1491]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="133 - 138" refId="ref16942" refString="Roni, N. & Vishwanath, W. (2017) Garra biloborostris, a new labeonine species from north-eastern India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Vertebrate Zoology, 67, 133 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / vz. 67. e 31577" type="journal article" year="2017">Roni & Vishwanath, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B32B4019767B9FA67" authority="Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath, 2017" authorityName="Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[454,1012,1465,1491]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B32B40197662BFA67" box="[454,614,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. clavirostris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B3119019767B9FA67" author="Roni, N. & Sarbojit, T. & Vishwanath, W." box="[619,1012,1465,1491]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="367 - 376" refId="ref16881" refString="Roni, N., Sarbojit, T. & Vishwanath, W. (2017) Garra clavirostris, a new cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from the Brahmaputra drainage, India. Zootaxa, 4244 (3), 367 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4244.3.5" type="journal article" year="2017">Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B308D01976654FA43" authority="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu, 2018" authorityName="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu" authorityYear="2018" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="motuoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B308D019760D3FA66" box="[1023,1182,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. motuoensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B37D601976654FA43" author="Gong, Z. & Freyhof, J. & Wang, J. & Liu, M. & Liu, F. & Lin, P. & Jiang, Y. & Liu, H." pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="367 - 384" refId="ref15758" refString="Gong, Z., Freyhof, J., Wang, J., Liu, M., Liu, F., Lin, P., Jiang, Y. & Liu, H. (2018) Two new species of Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage in south eastern Tibet, China. Zootaxa, 4532 (3), 367 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4532.3.3" type="journal article" year="2018">Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B315A01F3613FFA43" authority="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu, 2018" authorityName="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[552,1394,1501,1527]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yajiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B315A01F36697FA42" box="[552,730,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. yajiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B319601F3613FFA43" author="Gong, Z. & Freyhof, J. & Wang, J. & Liu, M. & Liu, F. & Lin, P. & Jiang, Y. & Liu, H." box="[740,1394,1501,1527]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="367 - 384" refId="ref15758" refString="Gong, Z., Freyhof, J., Wang, J., Liu, M., Liu, F., Lin, P., Jiang, Y. & Liu, H. (2018) Two new species of Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage in south eastern Tibet, China. Zootaxa, 4532 (3), 367 - 384. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4532.3.3" type="journal article" year="2018">Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B36F301F36749F9AF" authority="Tamang, Sinha, Abujam & Kumar, 2019" authorityName="Tamang, Sinha, Abujam & Kumar" authorityYear="2019" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranganensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B36F301F3656DF9AE" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. ranganensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B3259022F6749F9AF" author="Tamang, L. & Sinha, B. & Abujam, S. & Kumar, R." box="[299,772,1537,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="59 - 71" refId="ref17308" refString="Tamang, L., Sinha, B., Abujam, S. & Kumar, R. (2019) Garra ranganensis, a new cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeastern India. Species, 20, 59 - 71." type="journal article" year="2019">Tamang, Sinha, Abujam & Kumar, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B3066022F613EF9AF" authority="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj, 2020" authorityName="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj" authorityYear="2020" box="[788,1395,1537,1563]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B3066022F67FDF9AF" box="[788,944,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. chathensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B30C9022F613EF9AF" author="Ezung, S. & Shangningam, B. & Pankaj, P. P." box="[955,1395,1537,1563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="1333 - 1339" refId="ref15629" refString="Ezung, S., Shangningam, B. & Pankaj, P. P. (2020) A new fish species of the genus Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Brahmaputra Basin, Nagaland, India. Journal of Experimental Zoology, India, 23, 1333 - 1339. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 7075.14.7.21453 - 21457" type="journal article" year="2020">Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B36F3022F6763F98B" authority="Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & Das, 2021" authorityName="Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & Das" authorityYear="2021" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaldhakaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B36F3022F657CF98B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. jaldhakaensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B324B020B6763F98B" author="Kosygin, L. & Shangningam, B. & Singh, P. & Das, U." box="[313,814,1573,1599]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="325 - 331" refId="ref16154" refString="Kosygin, L. Shangningam, B., Singh, P. & Das, U. (2021) Garra jaldhakaensis, a new cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from West Bengal, India. Records of Zoological Survey of India, 121, 325 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 121 / i 3 / 2021 / 158415" type="journal article" year="2021">Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & Das, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B3019020B6482F9D7" authority="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj, 2021" authorityName="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj" authorityYear="2021" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="langlungensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B3019020B6066F98B" box="[875,1067,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. langlungensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B3740020B6482F9D7" author="Ezung, S. & Shangningam, B. & Pankaj, P. P." pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="18618 - 18623" refId="ref15697" refString="Ezung, S., Shangningam, B. & Pankaj, P. P. (2021) A new fish species of genus Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Nagaland, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 13, 18618 - 18623. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 6029.13.6.18618 - 18623" type="journal article" year="2021">Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Brahmaputra;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B32990267671BF9D7" authority="Vishwanath, 1993" authorityName="Vishwanath" authorityYear="1993" box="[491,854,1609,1635]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B329902676636F9D7" box="[491,635,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. litanensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B31F40267671BF9D7" author="Vishwanath, W." box="[646,854,1609,1635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="59 - 68" refId="ref17500" refString="Vishwanath, W. (1993) On a Collection of Fishes of the Genus Garra Hamilton from Manipur, India, with description of a new species. Journal of Freshwater Biology, 5, 59 - 68." type="journal article" year="1993">Vishwanath, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B3017026761DAF9D7" authority="Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015" authorityName="Shangningam & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2015" box="[869,1431,1608,1635]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B3017026767B4F9D6" box="[869,1017,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. cornigera</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B3771026761DAF9D7" author="Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W." box="[1027,1431,1608,1635]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref17051" refString="Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2015) Two new species of Garra from the Chindwin basin, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26, 263 - 272." type="journal article" year="2015">Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B33E5024366F1F933" authority="Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015" authorityName="Shangningam & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2015" box="[151,700,1644,1671]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B33E502436553F933" box="[151,286,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. trilobata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B325A024366F1F933" author="Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W." box="[296,700,1644,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref17051" refString="Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2015) Two new species of Garra from the Chindwin basin, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26, 263 - 272." type="journal article" year="2015">Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B31B90243613FF933" authority="Premananda, Kosygin & Saidullah, 2017" authorityName="Premananda, Kosygin & Saidullah" authorityYear="2017" box="[715,1394,1645,1671]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chindwinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B31B9024367C2F933" box="[715,911,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. chindwinensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B30EA0243613FF933" author="Premananda, N. & Kosygin, L. & Saidullah, B." box="[920,1394,1645,1671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="191 - 197" refId="ref16624" refString="Premananda, N., Kosygin, L. & Saidullah, B. (2017) Garra chindwinensis, a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Manipur, Northeastern India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 117, 191 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 117 / i 3 / 2017 / 120968" type="journal article" year="2017">Premananda, Kosygin & Saidullah, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B36F3024366CDF91F" authority="Moyon & Arunkumar, 2018" authorityName="Moyon & Arunkumar" authorityYear="2018" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moyonkhulleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B36F302436571F91F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. moyonkhulleni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B323102BF66CDF91F" author="Moyon, W. A. & Arunkumar, L." box="[323,640,1681,1707]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="107 - 115" refId="ref16407" refString="Moyon, W. A. & Arunkumar, L. (2018) Garra moyonkhulleni, a new labeonine species (Cyprinidae: Labeoninae) from Manipur, Northeastern India. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6, 107 - 115." type="journal article" year="2018">Moyon & Arunkumar, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B31FE02BF61DAF91F" authority="Thoidingjam, Ngangbam, Linthoingambi & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Thoidingjam, Ngangbam, Linthoingambi & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[652,1431,1681,1707]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tezuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B31FE02BF675EF91E" box="[652,787,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. tezuensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B306802BF61DAF91F" author="Thoidingjam, K. & Ngangbam, C. & Linthoingambi, I. & Singh, K. R." box="[794,1431,1681,1707]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="611 - 621" refId="ref17357" refString="Thoidingjam, K., Ngangbam, C., Linthoingambi, I. & Singh, K. R. (2023) A preliminary study of the fish diversity of east Siang and Loihit River of Pasighat and Tezu with the description of a new Garra species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 123, 611 - 621." type="journal article" year="2023">Thoidingjam, Ngangbam, Linthoingambi & Singh, 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B33B8029B60C5F97B" authority="Abonmai, Linthoingambi, Ngangbam, Thoidingjam & Singh, 2023" authorityName="Abonmai, Linthoingambi, Ngangbam, Thoidingjam & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[202,1160,1717,1743]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chingaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B33B8029B6531F97B" box="[202,380,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. chingaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B32F7029B60C5F97B" author="Abonmai, T. & Linthoingambi, I. & Ngangbam, C. & Thoidingjam, K. & Singh, K. R." box="[389,1160,1717,1743]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="15 - 27" refId="ref15334" refString="Abonmai, T., Linthoingambi, I., Ngangbam, C., Thoidingjam, K. & Singh, K. R. (2023) A new fish species of the genus Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Chalou River, Manipur, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 123, 15 - 27." type="journal article" year="2023">Abonmai, Linthoingambi, Ngangbam, Thoidingjam & Singh, 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Chindwin;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B36F3029B66CAF947" authority="Roni & Vishwanath, 2018" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2018" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="substrictorostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B36F3029B6503F947" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. substrictorostris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B322A02F766CAF947" author="Roni, N. & Vishwanath, W." box="[344,647,1753,1779]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="263 - 272" refId="ref16994" refString="Roni, N. & Vishwanath, W. (2018) A new species of the genus Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the Barak River drainage, Manipur, India. Zootaxa, 4374 (2), 263 - 272. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4374.2.6" type="journal article" year="2018">Roni & Vishwanath, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B31BA02F76482F8A3" authority="Roni, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2019" authorityName="Roni, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2019" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paratrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B31BA02F767C9F947" box="[712,900,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. paratrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B30FC02F76482F8A3" author="Roni, N. & Chinglemba, Y. & Rameshori, Y. & Vishwanath, W." pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="545 - 554" refId="ref16819" refString="Roni, N., Chinglemba, Y., Rameshori, Y. & Vishwanath, W. (2019) A new species of the genus Garra Hamilton (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Northeast India. Zootaxa, 4619 (3), 545 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4619.3.7" type="journal article" year="2019">Roni, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Barak-Meghna; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B315102D36005F8A3" authority="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2017" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[547,1096,1789,1815]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koladynensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B315102D3669BF8A3" box="[547,726,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. koladynensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFD5FB6B31AF02D36005F8A3" author="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W." box="[733,1096,1789,1815]" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" pagination="17 - 53" refId="ref16564" refString="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2017) On the snout and oromandibular morphology of genus Garra, description of two new species from the Koladyne River basin in Mizoram, India, and redescription of G. manipurensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 28, 17 - 53." type="journal article" year="2017">Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Kaladan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD5FB6A33B5030F66E8FD89" blockId="6.[151,1437,1140,2031]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B33B5030F6586F88F" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,459,1825,1851]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B33B5030F6586F88F" box="[199,459,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from its congeners in the Chindwin except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B3766030F60EEF88F" authorityName="Vishwanath" authorityYear="1993" box="[1044,1187,1825,1851]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B3766030F60EEF88F" box="[1044,1187,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. litanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B37C1030F613CF88F" authorityName="Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & Das" authorityYear="2021" box="[1203,1393,1825,1851]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaldhakaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B37C1030F613CF88F" box="[1203,1393,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. jaldhakaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B36F3030F64B1F8EA" authorityName="Thoidingjam, Ngangbam, Linthoingambi & Singh" authorityYear="2023" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tezuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B36F3030F64B1F8EA" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. tezuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B324D036B65BDF8EB" authorityName="Abonmai, Linthoingambi, Ngangbam, Thoidingjam & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[319,496,1861,1887]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chingaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B324D036B65BDF8EB" box="[319,496,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. chingaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the possession of unilobed (vs. bilobed or trilobed) proboscis on snout.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B3624036B6501F837" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B3624036B6501F837" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6B32910347663CF837" authorityName="Vishwanath" authorityYear="1993" box="[483,625,1897,1923]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="litanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6B32910347663CF837" box="[483,625,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">G. litanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having hexagon-shaped (vs. square-shaped) proboscis with mediumto large-sized conical acanthoid (vs. small-sized) tubercles; fewer transverse scale rows above lateral line (4½ vs. 5½); presence (vs. absence) of scales on chest; longer snout (50−57% HL vs. 47−48), head (24.6−30.4% SL vs. 19.9−23.5), pectoral fin (21.1−26.3% SL vs. 18.5−20.0), and anal fin (18.1−22.0% SL vs. 16.2−17.9).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD5FB6A362403FB6501FF05" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="196" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD5FB6A362403FB6501FF05" italics="true" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="6" pageNumber="195">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A328704B966F5FF05" authorityName="Kosygin, Shangningam, Singh & Das" authorityYear="2021" box="[501,696,151,177]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaldhakaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A328704B966F5FF05" box="[501,696,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. jaldhakaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the possession of a hexagon-shaped (vs. quadrate-shaped) proboscis, with 5 large-sized conical acanthoid tubercles on anterior margin (vs. 5−6 uni- to bicuspid tubercles on each side of the anterolateral margin) and 3–4 medium-sized acanthoid (vs. 8–10 uni- to bicuspid) tubercles on anteroventral marginal aspect; fewer lateral-line scales (31−32 vs. 33), branched pectoral-fin rays (11−12 vs. 14), and circumpeduncular scale rows (12 vs. 16); greater number of simple rays of dorsal (iii vs. ii) and anal fins (iii vs. ii); and presence of black spot anterior (vs. posterior) to upper angle of gill opening.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A373905656100FED1" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[1099,1357,331,357]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A373905656100FED1" box="[1099,1357,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A33A705416511FE3C" authorityName="Thoidingjam, Ngangbam, Linthoingambi & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,348,367,393]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tezuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A33A705416511FE3C" box="[213,348,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. tezuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having prominent (vs. incipient) proboscis on snout; greater number of branched anal-fin rays (5 ½ vs. 4 ½); more transverse scales rows above lateral line (4 ½ vs. 3 ½); presence (vs. absence) of black stripes on caudal peduncle; and presence of a black spot anteriorly (vs. posteriorly) to upper angle of gill opening.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A362405996501FE41" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A362405996501FE41" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A329905F566D0FE41" authorityName="Abonmai, Linthoingambi, Ngangbam, Thoidingjam & Singh" authorityYear="2023" box="[491,669,475,501]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chingaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A329905F566D0FE41" box="[491,669,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. chingaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having hexagon-shaped (vs. quadrate-shaped) proboscis; fewer lateral-line scales (31−32 vs. 34−35), branched pectoral-fin rays (12 vs. 16); and presence of black spot anteriorly (vs. posteriorly) to upper angle of gill opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD4FB6A33B50669652CFC59" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A33B50669658AFDD5" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,455,583,609]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A33B50669658AFDD5" box="[199,455,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from congeners in the Chindwin in having fewer lateral-line scales (31−32 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD4FB6A33B3064564B1FD31" box="[193,252,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="33.0">33 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A3274064565D4FD30" authorityName="Shangningam & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2015" box="[262,409,619,645]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A3274064565D4FD30" box="[262,409,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. cornigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD4FB6A32D8064565A8FD31" box="[426,485,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.636" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="34.0">34 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A329D064566FEFD31" authorityName="Premananda, Kosygin & Saidullah" authorityYear="2017" box="[495,691,619,645]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chindwinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A329D064566FEFD31" box="[495,691,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. chindwinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A319C064567F5FD31" authorityName="Moyon & Arunkumar" authorityYear="2018" box="[750,952,619,645]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moyonkhulleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A319C064567F5FD31" box="[750,952,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. moyonkhulleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); sublachrymal groove not connected (vs. connected in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A325806A165F5FD1C" authorityName="Shangningam & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2015" box="[298,440,655,681]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A325806A165F5FD1C" box="[298,440,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. cornigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A329E06A166FFFD1D" authorityName="Moyon & Arunkumar" authorityYear="2018" box="[492,690,655,681]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moyonkhulleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A329E06A166FFFD1D" box="[492,690,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. moyonkhulleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to rostral cap groove; and fewer branched pectoral-fin rays (11−12 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD4FB6A33B3069D6565FD79" box="[193,296,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.429" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13−14 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A3243069D65B8FD79" authorityName="Premananda, Kosygin & Saidullah" authorityYear="2017" box="[305,501,691,717]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chindwinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A3243069D65B8FD79" box="[305,501,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. chindwinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD4FB6A3177069D660CFD79" box="[517,577,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A3138069D6690FD78" authorityName="Shangningam & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2015" box="[586,733,691,717]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A3138069D6690FD78" box="[586,733,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. cornigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD4FB6A319C069D6767FD79" box="[750,810,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="14.0">14 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A3041069D67B0FD79" authorityName="Moyon & Arunkumar" authorityYear="2018" box="[819,1021,691,717]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moyonkhulleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A3041069D67B0FD79" box="[819,1021,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. moyonkhulleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A3725069D6156FD79" authorityName="Premananda, Kosygin & Saidullah" authorityYear="2017" box="[1111,1307,691,717]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chindwinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A3725069D6156FD79" box="[1111,1307,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. chindwinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in absence (vs. presence) of slightly arched papillated transverse lobe on anterior portion of pulvinus; and forward projection of proboscis reaching up to (vs. beyond) transverse groove on snout; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A308506D560C4FCA0" authorityName="Shangningam & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2015" box="[1015,1161,763,789]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cornigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A308506D560C4FCA0" box="[1015,1161,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. cornigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having unilobed (vs. bilobed) proboscis; and greater number of tubercles on transverse lobe of snout (13−35 vs. 8−13); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A366B073161D1FC8D" authorityName="Shangningam & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2015" box="[1305,1436,799,825]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A366B073161D1FC8D" box="[1305,1436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. trilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having unilobed (vs. trilobed) proboscis; conical (vs. multicuspid) tubercles on proboscis and transverse lobe of snout; and presence of black spot anteriorly (vs. posteriorly) to upper angle of gill opening; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A37A7074961D1FC35" authorityName="Moyon & Arunkumar" authorityYear="2018" box="[1237,1436,871,897]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moyonkhulleni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A37A7074961D1FC35" box="[1237,1436,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. moyonkhulleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having greater number of branched dorsal-fin rays (8 vs. 7), pelvic-fin rays (8 vs. 7), and predorsal scales (9−10 vs. 8); fewer dorsal-fin base scales (5−6 vs. 7−8); and greater number of tubercles on transverse lobe of snout (13−35 vs. 9−12).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD4FB6A33B507D965A6FAE1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A33B507D9658AFBA5" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,455,1015,1041]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A33B507D9658AFBA5" box="[199,455,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from congeners in the Brahmaputra except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A308307D960F0FBA5" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[1009,1213,1015,1041]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A308307D960F0FBA5" box="[1009,1213,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. arunachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A37BB07D961DBFBA5" authorityName="Thoni, Gurung & Mayden" authorityYear="2016" box="[1225,1430,1015,1041]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculacauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A37BB07D961DBFBA5" box="[1225,1430,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. bimaculacauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A33E500356575FB81" authorityName="Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,312,1051,1077]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binduensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A33E500356575FB81" box="[151,312,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. binduensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A323E003565B9FB81" authorityName="Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[332,500,1051,1077]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A323E003565B9FB81" box="[332,500,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. clavirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A317A003566DEFB81" authorityName="Nebeshwar, Bagra & Das" authorityYear="2012" box="[520,659,1051,1077]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kalpangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A317A003566DEFB81" box="[520,659,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. kalpangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A31DA00356720FB81" authorityName="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj" authorityYear="2021" box="[680,877,1051,1077]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="langlungensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A31DA00356720FB81" box="[680,877,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. langlungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A30F3003560CDFB81" authorityName="Thoni, Gurung & Mayden" authorityYear="2016" box="[897,1152,1051,1077]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parastenorhynchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A30F3003560CDFB81" box="[897,1152,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. parastenorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A37B9003561D0FB81" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[1227,1437,1051,1077]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadratirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A37B9003561D0FB81" box="[1227,1437,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. quadratirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the possession of unilobed (vs. bilobed or trilobed) proboscis.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A30FD001160D9FBED" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[911,1172,1087,1113]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A30FD001160D9FBED" box="[911,1172,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all of the above congeners in the possession of a hexagon-shaped proboscis (vs. quadrate-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A37D0004D613CFBC9" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[1186,1393,1123,1149]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A37D0004D613CFBC9" box="[1186,1393,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. arunachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A36F3004D6509FB15" authorityName="Thoni, Gurung & Mayden" authorityYear="2016" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculacauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A36F3004D6509FB15" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. bimaculacauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A322400A96668FB15" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[342,549,1159,1185]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadratirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A322400A96668FB15" box="[342,549,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. quadratirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A311B00A966BCFB15" authorityName="Nebeshwar, Bagra & Das" authorityYear="2012" box="[617,753,1159,1185]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kalpangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A311B00A966BCFB15" box="[617,753,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. kalpangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; club-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A30C400A960FFFB15" authorityName="Thoni, Gurung & Mayden" authorityYear="2016" box="[950,1202,1159,1185]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parastenorhynchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A30C400A960FFFB15" box="[950,1202,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. parastenorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A378200A961D8FB15" authorityName="Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[1264,1429,1159,1185]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A378200A961D8FB15" box="[1264,1429,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. clavirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; anteriorly round-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A32A700856639FB71" authorityName="Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi" authorityYear="2016" box="[469,628,1195,1221]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binduensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A32A700856639FB71" box="[469,628,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. binduensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A31C10085673BFB71" authorityName="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj" authorityYear="2021" box="[691,886,1195,1221]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="langlungensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A31C10085673BFB71" box="[691,886,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. langlungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); fewer lateral-line scales (31−32 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD4FB6A364A0084613BFB71" box="[1336,1398,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="35.0">35 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A36F30085650FFB5D" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A36F30085650FFB5D" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. arunachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD4FB6A322200E065F8FB5D" box="[336,437,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.144" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="8.89" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="36.0" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="35.0">35−37 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A32CE00E1660CFB5D" authorityName="Nebeshwar, Bagra & Das" authorityYear="2012" box="[444,577,1231,1257]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kalpangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A32CE00E1660CFB5D" box="[444,577,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. kalpangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A310A00E1675FFB5D" authorityName="Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi" authorityYear="2016" box="[632,786,1231,1257]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binduensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A310A00E1675FFB5D" box="[632,786,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. binduensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD4FB6A305200E16714FB5D" box="[800,857,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.398" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="37.0">37 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A301200E16061FB5D" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[864,1068,1231,1257]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadratirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A301200E16061FB5D" box="[864,1068,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. quadratirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD4FB6A374B00E160D3FB5D" box="[1081,1182,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.509" metricValueMax="8.636" metricValueMin="8.382" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="33.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="33.0">33−34 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A37D700E1610AFB5D" authorityName="Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[1189,1351,1231,1257]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A37D700E1610AFB5D" box="[1189,1351,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. clavirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFD4FB6A362600E164E0FAB9" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" metricValueMax="8.636" metricValueMin="8.128" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" unit="in" value="33.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="32.0">32−34 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A33C100DD65CCFAB9" authorityName="Thoni, Gurung & Mayden" authorityYear="2016" box="[179,385,1267,1293]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculacauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A33C100DD65CCFAB9" box="[179,385,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. bimaculacauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); sublachrymal groove not connected (vs. connected in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A309F00DD60F5FAB9" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[1005,1208,1267,1293]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadratirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A309F00DD60F5FAB9" box="[1005,1208,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. quadratirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A378100DD61DEFAB9" authorityName="Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[1267,1427,1267,1293]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A378100DD61DEFAB9" box="[1267,1427,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. clavirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to rostral cap groove; and presence of black spot anteriorly (vs. posteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A308C013960D2FA85" authorityName="Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[1022,1183,1303,1329]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A308C013960D2FA85" box="[1022,1183,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. clavirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A37A7013961DEFA85" authorityName="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj" authorityYear="2021" box="[1237,1427,1303,1329]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="langlungensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A37A7013961DEFA85" box="[1237,1427,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. langlungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to upper angle of gill opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD4FB6A33B5017167C3F821" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A33B501716585FACD" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,456,1375,1401]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A33B501716585FACD" box="[199,456,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A31D901716735FACD" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[683,888,1375,1401]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A31D901716735FACD" box="[683,888,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. arunachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having greater number of tubercles on anterior margin of proboscis (5 vs. 3); and presence (vs. absence) of black spot anteriorly to upper angle of gill opening; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A33A5018965E4FA75" authorityName="Thoni, Gurung & Mayden" authorityYear="2016" box="[215,425,1447,1473]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bimaculacauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A33A5018965E4FA75" box="[215,425,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. bimaculacauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in absence (vs. presence) of two distinct black spots on caudal fin, one on tip of upper lobe and the other on tip of lower lobe; 5 large-sized (vs. 3 small-sized) conical tubercles on anterior margin of proboscis; and fewer transverse scale rows above lateral line (4 vs. 6); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A309901C160AEF9BD" authorityName="Thoni, Gurung & Mayden" authorityYear="2016" box="[1003,1251,1519,1545]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parastenorhynchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A309901C160AEF9BD" box="[1003,1251,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. parastenorhynchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in possession of conical (vs. multicuspid) tubercles on transverse lobe; greater number of branched pelvic-fin rays (8 vs. 7); larger gular disc (disc width 54−65% HL vs. 46−52; pulvinus length 24−32% HL vs. 16−21; pulvinus width 35−43% HL vs. 24−27); and lacking (vs. possession of) labella; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A306E027567ECF9C1" authorityName="Nebeshwar, Bagra & Das" authorityYear="2012" box="[796,929,1627,1653]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kalpangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A306E027567ECF9C1" box="[796,929,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. kalpangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having prominent (vs. weakly developed) proboscis; fewer circumpeduncular scale rows (12 or 14 vs. 16); and presence (vs. absence) of lateral stripes on side of body; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A32D3028D6672F909" authorityName="Das, Kosygin & Panigrahi" authorityYear="2016" box="[417,575,1699,1725]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="binduensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A32D3028D6672F909" box="[417,575,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. binduensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having longer dorsal-fin base (17.6−21.5% SL vs. 15.7–17.9); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A36F3028D650DF955" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadratirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A36F3028D650DF955" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. quadratirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in greater number of tubercles on anterior margin of proboscis (5 large-sized tubercles vs. 3 or 4 small- to medium-sized tubercles); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A312D02C5674DF8B1" authorityName="Roni, Sarbojit & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[607,768,1771,1797]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clavirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A312D02C5674DF8B1" box="[607,768,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. clavirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in proboscis with 5 large-sized conical (vs. 5–9 medium- to large-sized uni- to multicuspid) tubercles on anterior margin, and with 3–4 conical (vs. 5–6 uni- to multicuspid) tubercles on anteroventral marginal aspect; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A31BB031D67C7F8F9" authorityName="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj" authorityYear="2021" box="[713,906,1843,1869]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="langlungensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A31BB031D67C7F8F9" box="[713,906,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. langlungensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having prominent (vs. incipient) proboscis; fewer circumpeduncular scale rows (12 vs. 13−15); and greater number of conical acanthoid tubercles on transverse lobe of snout (13−35 small- to medium-sized vs. 8–12 small-sized).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFD4FB6533B503B160A6FDAD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A33B503B16587F80D" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,458,1951,1977]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A33B503B16587F80D" box="[199,458,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from the congeners of the Brahmaputra in the possession of a hexagon-shaped proboscis (vs. two separate and slightly elevated arch-shaped lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFD4FB6A377703ED60F5F869" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[1029,1208,1987,2013]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biloborostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFD4FB6A377703ED60F5F869" box="[1029,1208,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="196">G. biloborostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; quadrate-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6533E504B9655AFF05" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,279,151,177]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6533E504B9655AFF05" box="[151,279,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65325704B965C3FF05" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[293,398,151,177]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gotyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65325704B965C3FF05" box="[293,398,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. gotyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6532EE04B96671FF04" authorityName="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[412,572,151,177]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="motuoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6532EE04B96671FF04" box="[412,572,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. motuoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65310804B96765FF04" authorityName="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[634,808,151,177]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yajiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65310804B96765FF04" box="[634,808,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. yajiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; triangular shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65376F04B960D6FF04" authorityName="Gurumayum & Kosygin" authorityYear="2016" box="[1053,1179,151,177]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65376F04B960D6FF04" box="[1053,1179,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. tamangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); having fewer lateral-line scales (28–29 + 3 =31–32 vs. 30 + 3 =
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFDBFB653105049566FDFF61" box="[631,688,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.382" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" unit="in" value="33.0">33 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6531C40495673FFF61" box="[694,882,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6531C404956726FF61" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[694,875,187,213]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biloborostris">G. biloborostris</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFDBFB65300B04956791FF61" box="[889,988,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.509" metricValueMax="8.636" metricValueMin="8.382" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" unit="in" value="33.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="33.0">33–34 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6530910495602EFF61" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[995,1123,187,213]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6530910495602EFF61" box="[995,1123,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65370304956094FF61" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1137,1241,187,213]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gotyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65370304956094FF61" box="[1137,1241,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. gotyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653664049561D8FF60" authorityName="Gurumayum & Kosygin" authorityYear="2016" box="[1302,1429,187,213]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653664049561D8FF60" box="[1302,1429,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. tamangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 34–35 + 2=
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFDBFB65325004F165C8FF4D" box="[290,389,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.271" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="9.144" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" unit="in" value="36.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="36.0">36–37 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6532FF04F16663FF4C" authorityName="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[397,558,223,249]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="motuoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6532FF04F16663FF4C" box="[397,558,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. motuoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65311404F16756FF4C" box="[614,795,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65311404F1675EFF4C" authorityName="Tamang, Sinha, Abujam & Kumar" authorityYear="2019" box="[614,787,223,249]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranganensis">G. ranganensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFDBFB65305004F167CBFF4D" box="[802,902,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="8.636" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" unit="in" value="35.0" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="34.0">34–36 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6530FF04F16071FF4C" authorityName="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[909,1084,223,249]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yajiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6530FF04F16071FF4C" box="[909,1084,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. yajiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), circumpeduncular scale rows (12 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFDBFB653391052D6550FEA9" box="[227,285,259,285]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" unit="in" value="16.0">16 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653256052D659BFEA9" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[292,470,259,285]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biloborostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653256052D659BFEA9" box="[292,470,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. biloborostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653296052D6628FEA9" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[484,613,259,285]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653296052D6628FEA9" box="[484,613,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653101052D6746FEA9" authorityName="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj" authorityYear="2020" box="[627,779,259,285]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653101052D6746FEA9" box="[627,779,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. chathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653038052D67FFFEA9" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[842,946,259,285]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gotyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653038052D67FFFEA9" box="[842,946,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. gotyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and branched pectoral-fin rays (11–12 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFDBFB6533E5050964B6FEF5" box="[151,251,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.429" metricValueMax="3.556" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" unit="in" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13–14 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653270050965D6FEF5" authorityName="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj" authorityYear="2020" box="[258,411,295,321]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653270050965D6FEF5" box="[258,411,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. chathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6532D805096606FEF4" authorityName="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[426,587,295,321]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="motuoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6532D805096606FEF4" box="[426,587,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. motuoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65312805096694FEF4" authorityName="Gurumayum & Kosygin" authorityYear="2016" box="[602,729,295,321]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65312805096694FEF4" box="[602,729,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. tamangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6530650509678BFEF4" authorityName="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[791,966,295,321]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yajiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6530650509678BFEF4" box="[791,966,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. yajiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="E970CBCFFFDBFB6530A405086074FEF5" box="[982,1081,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" unit="in" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653733050960A0FEF4" authorityName="Tamang, Sinha, Abujam & Kumar" authorityYear="2019" box="[1089,1261,295,321]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranganensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653733050960A0FEF4" box="[1089,1261,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. ranganensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); sublachrymal groove not connected (vs. connected in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65312A05656747FED1" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[600,778,331,357]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biloborostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65312A05656747FED1" box="[600,778,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. biloborostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65306A056567FCFED1" authorityName="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj" authorityYear="2020" box="[792,945,331,357]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65306A056567FCFED1" box="[792,945,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. chathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653082056560D6FED0" authorityName="Tamang, Sinha, Abujam & Kumar" authorityYear="2019" box="[1008,1179,331,357]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranganensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653082056560D6FED0" box="[1008,1179,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. ranganensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to rostral cap groove; presence of black spot anteriorly (vs. posteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6531A50541671AFE3D" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[727,855,367,393]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6531A50541671AFE3D" box="[727,855,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653017054167B0FE3D" authorityName="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj" authorityYear="2020" box="[869,1021,367,393]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653017054167B0FE3D" box="[869,1021,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. chathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653748054160EFFE3D" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1082,1186,367,393]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gotyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653748054160EFFE3D" box="[1082,1186,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. gotyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to upper angle of gill opening; and posteriormost margin of pulvinus extending beyond (vs. extending upto, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6537E105BD610AFE19" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[1171,1351,403,429]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biloborostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6537E105BD610AFE19" box="[1171,1351,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. biloborostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6536F305BD6490FE65" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gotyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6536F305BD6490FE65" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. gotyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) imaginary vertical line through posterior margin of eye; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6530DB05996011FE65" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[937,1116,439,465]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biloborostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6530DB05996011FE65" box="[937,1116,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. biloborostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having transverse groove demarcating transverse lobe, not extending laterally on each side (vs. extending laterally on each side to make the transverse lobe, a prominent knob-like protuberance); and fewer anal-fin base scales (3–4 vs. 5–6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFDBFB6533B5060D6630FC59" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6533B5060D6582FD89" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,463,547,573]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6533B5060D6582FD89" box="[199,463,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6531BC060D6719FD89" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[718,852,547,573]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6531BC060D6719FD89" box="[718,852,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the possession of a black spot anteriorly (vs. posteriorly) to upper angle of gill opening; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6531C90669671EFDD5" authorityName="Ezung, Shangningam & Pankaj" authorityYear="2020" box="[699,851,583,609]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chathensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6531C90669671EFDD5" box="[699,851,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. chathensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having greater number of tubercles on transverse lobe (13–35 vs. 10–12); and conical (vs. bicuspid) tubercles on proboscis; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65376606456031FD31" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[1044,1148,619,645]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gotyla">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65376606456031FD31" box="[1044,1148,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. gotyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having greater number of tubercles on transverse lobe (13–35 vs. 9–13); and fewer transverse scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin (3½ vs. 4½); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6532C6069D6619FD78" authorityName="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[436,596,691,717]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="motuoensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6532C6069D6619FD78" box="[436,596,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. motuoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having longer snout (50–57% HL vs. 42–49), and head (24.6–30.4% SL vs. 21.2–23.8); shorter caudal peduncle (10.1–15.4% SL vs. 16.8–20.3); and greater prepectoral (22.6–25.5% SL vs. 18.7–20.2), and preanal distance (76.9–84.9% SL vs. 72.7–75.4); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6530AC06D560C7FCA0" authorityName="Tamang, Sinha, Abujam & Kumar" authorityYear="2019" box="[990,1162,763,789]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ranganensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6530AC06D560C7FCA0" box="[990,1162,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. ranganensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having deeper caudal peduncle (12.4–14.5% SL vs. 11.6–12.0); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6531DD07316760FC8C" authorityName="Gurumayum & Kosygin" authorityYear="2016" box="[687,813,799,825]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6531DD07316760FC8C" box="[687,813,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. tamangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in presence of conical (vs. uni-to tetracuspid) tubercles on transverse lobe of snout; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653151076D6699FCE8" authorityName="Gong, Freyhof, Wang, Liu, Liu, Lin, Jiang & Liu" authorityYear="2018" box="[547,724,835,861]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yajiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653151076D6699FCE8" box="[547,724,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. yajiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in absence (vs. presence) of grey submarginal band on distal half of dorsal fin; more anteriorly-situated anus (distance from anus to anal fin 29−40% of pelvic-anal distance vs. 19−24); and smaller gular disc (disc length 36–47% HL vs. 49–58, disc width 54–65% HL vs. 66–77, pulvinus length 24–32% HL vs. 33–40, pulvinus width 36–43% HL vs. 44–50); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65309A0781616CFC7D" authority="sensu M'Clelland" authorityName="M'Clelland" box="[1000,1313,943,969]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65309A07816018FC7C" box="[1000,1109,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. nasuta</emphasis>
|
||
sensu M’Clelland
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in absence (vs. presence) of distinct pit between nares.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFDBFB6533B507D960ADFACD" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6533B507D96584FBA5" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,457,1015,1041]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6533B507D96584FBA5" box="[199,457,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from congeners, viz.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65306207D967A4FBA5" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2018" box="[784,1001,1015,1041]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="substrictorostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65306207D967A4FBA5" box="[784,1001,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. substrictorostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65308707D960E3FBA5" authorityName="Roni, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2019" box="[1013,1198,1015,1041]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paratrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65308707D960E3FBA5" box="[1013,1198,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. paratrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65379807D961D0FBA5" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[1258,1437,1015,1041]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koladynensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65379807D961D0FBA5" box="[1258,1437,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. koladynensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Barak-Meghna and Kaladan River basins in the possession of conical (vs. multicuspid) acanthoid tubercles on transverse lobe and proboscis of snout; hexagon-shaped proboscis (vs. quadrate-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6537C9001161DBFBED" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2018" box="[1211,1430,1087,1113]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="substrictorostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6537C9001161DBFBED" box="[1211,1430,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. substrictorostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, anteriorly round-shaped in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6532BB004D66CEFBC9" authorityName="Roni, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2019" box="[457,643,1123,1149]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paratrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6532BB004D66CEFBC9" box="[457,643,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. paratrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6531C9004D6722FBC9" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[699,879,1123,1149]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koladynensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6531C9004D6722FBC9" box="[699,879,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. koladynensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and fewer circumpeduncular scale rows (12 vs. 16), lateral-line scales (31−32 vs. 33−34), and branched pectoral-fin rays (11−12 vs. 14−15).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6537EE00A961D1FB15" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[1180,1436,1159,1185]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonarostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6537EE00A961D1FB15" box="[1180,1436,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Garra hexagonarostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
further differs from the above three congeners in the possession of unilobed (vs. trilobed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6537C300856126FB71" authorityName="Roni, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2019" box="[1201,1387,1195,1221]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paratrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6537C300856126FB71" box="[1201,1387,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. paratrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6533E500E16500FB5D" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,333,1231,1257]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="koladynensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6533E500E16500FB5D" box="[151,333,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. koladynensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) proboscis; and presence of black spot anteriorly (vs. posteriorly in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65371B00E16108FB5D" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2018" box="[1129,1349,1231,1257]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="substrictorostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65371B00E16108FB5D" box="[1129,1349,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. substrictorostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6536F300E16563FAB9" authorityName="Roni, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2019" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paratrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6536F300E16563FAB9" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. paratrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to upper angle of gill opening; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6531B200DD67DAFAB9" authorityName="Roni & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2018" box="[704,919,1267,1293]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="substrictorostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6531B200DD67DAFAB9" box="[704,919,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. substrictorostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in possession of hexagon-shaped (vs. quadrate-shaped) proboscis; sublachrymal groove not connected (vs. connected) to rostral cap groove; and fewer transverse scale rows above lateral line (4½ vs. 5½); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6531D501156710FAE1" authorityName="Roni, Chinglemba, Rameshori & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2019" box="[679,861,1339,1365]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="paratrilobata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6531D501156710FAE1" box="[679,861,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. paratrilobata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in possession of flat (vs. concave) depressed rostral surface; and fewer branched pelvic-fin rays (8 vs. 9), and circumpeduncular scale rows (12 vs. 16).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFDBFB6533B501AC655BF92D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6533B501AC6021FA29" bold="true" box="[199,1132,1410,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">
|
||
Status of
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65324901AD6797FA29" bold="true" box="[315,986,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65324901AD6646FA29" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[315,523,1410,1437]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticaputus">Garra alticaputus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65316B01AD66C4FA29" box="[537,649,1410,1437]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimini">G. kimini</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6531EA01AD676FFA29" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[664,802,1411,1437]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">G. minimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65304301AD6799FA29" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[817,980,1410,1437]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">G. nigricauda</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65376A01AD6021FA29" box="[1048,1132,1411,1437]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tyao">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65376A01AD6021FA29" bold="true" box="[1048,1132,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. tyao</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Arunachalam
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65366901AD6118FA29" box="[1307,1365,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013,
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6533E501896603FA75" box="[151,590,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture,</emphasis>
|
||
4: 121–138, described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65301201896061FA75" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[864,1068,1447,1473]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticaputus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65301201896061FA75" box="[864,1068,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Garra alticaputus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65374F018960E4FA75" box="[1085,1193,1447,1473]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65374F018960E4FA75" box="[1085,1193,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. kimini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6537C801896173FA74" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[1210,1342,1447,1473]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6537C801896173FA74" box="[1210,1342,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6536F30189655FFA51" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6536F30189655FFA51" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. nigricauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the upper Brahmaputra River basin in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EC4CA8C8FFDBFB65306301E567A6FA51" box="[785,1003,1483,1509]" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and subsequently Arunachalam
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65361001E561D0FA51" box="[1378,1437,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014,
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65339201C16579F9BD" box="[224,308,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Species</emphasis>
|
||
, 10: 58–78 described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65314A01C166C0F9BC" box="[568,653,1519,1545]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tyao">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65314A01C166C0F9BC" box="[568,653,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. tyao</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65307101C16075F9BD" authority="River, Kaladan River" authorityName="River, Kaladan River" box="[771,1080,1519,1545]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tyao">Tyao River, Kaladan River</taxonomicName>
|
||
basin in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EC4CA8C8FFDBFB6537D501C1615CF9BD" box="[1191,1297,1519,1545]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFDBFB65366C01C1658DF999" author="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W." pageId="8" pageNumber="197" pagination="17 - 53" refId="ref16564" refString="Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2017) On the snout and oromandibular morphology of genus Garra, description of two new species from the Koladyne River basin in Mizoram, India, and redescription of G. manipurensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 28, 17 - 53." type="journal article" year="2017">Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2017: 48)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated uncertainties regarding the identity of these species, and stated that “[t]he characters, mainly on the colour and meristic data, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65318E021967D7F9E5" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[764,922,1591,1617]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65318E021967D7F9E5" box="[764,922,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. nigricauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6537D10219613CF9E5" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[1187,1393,1591,1617]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6537D10219613CF9E5" box="[1187,1393,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. arunachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6536F3021964BBF9C0" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6536F3021964BBF9C0" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6532090275660AF9C1" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[379,583,1627,1653]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadratirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6532090275660AF9C1" box="[379,583,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. quadratirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653124027566F3F9C1" box="[598,702,1627,1653]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653124027566F3F9C1" box="[598,702,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. kimini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653187027567D9F9C1" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[757,916,1627,1653]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticaputus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653187027567D9F9C1" box="[757,916,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. alticaputus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65376B027560D7F9C1" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[1049,1178,1627,1653]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65376B027560D7F9C1" box="[1049,1178,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6537DB027560B6F9C0" box="[1193,1275,1627,1653]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tyao">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6537DB027560B6F9C0" box="[1193,1275,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. tyao</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6536F3027564B6F92D" authorityName="Kullander & Fang" authorityYear="2004" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rakhinca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6536F3027564B6F92D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. rakhinca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFDBFB6533B5028D65B2F821" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">
|
||
While describing these four species, Aruanchalam
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653074028D670DF909" box="[774,832,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013,
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6530FD028D6173F909" box="[911,1342,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture,</emphasis>
|
||
4: 121– 138 presented many ambiguous characters as well as misused several terminologies related to oral and gular disc structures (see
|
||
<tableCitation id="630A5391FFDBFB65323002C565D4F8B1" box="[322,409,1771,1797]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. A critical review of the ambiguous characters and misuse of terminologies related to the oral and gular disc structures, and meristic data presented in Arunachalam et al.’s 2013, Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4: 121–138 description of G. minimus, G. nigricauda, G. alticaputus, and G. kimini. Text in bold indicates the ambiguous characters and misuse of terminology. Species Character Verbatim text within quotation marks Notes about inconsistencies in Arunachalam et al. from Arunachalam et al. 2013, Journal of 2013, Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4: Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4: 121–138 121–138 Garra Proboscis of Diagnosis: “Garra with smoothly rounded Different interpretations lead to the question of whether minimus snout snout tip, a very distinct rostral lobe and snout of G. minimus possesses a proboscis or smooth without a proboscis.”; (in comparison surface. with G. gotyla gotyla) “snout without a Illustration (Fig. 4a) clearly indicates that the species proboscis (weakly developed vs. well- has a distinct proboscis on snout. developed median proboscis).” Table 1: “not well-developed proboscis and shallow transverse groove.” Discussion: “G. minimus sp. nov. differs from G. manipurensis [14] by the presence of proboscis and transverse groove;”" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). A critical review and comparison of characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65309902C560C7F8B1" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[1003,1162,1771,1797]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65309902C560C7F8B1" box="[1003,1162,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. nigricauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6537BF02C561D1F8B1" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[1229,1436,1771,1797]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6537BF02C561D1F8B1" box="[1229,1436,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. arunachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="630A5391FFDBFB6533ED032164B8F89D" box="[159,245,1807,1833]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,239,1284,1308]" captionText="TABLE 3. Review of the meristic counts and colouration of Garra nigricauda reported in Arunachalam et al. 2013, Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4: 121–138 and comparison with data on G. arunachalensis in Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2013). Values in bold indicate differences." pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65327F032165C2F89C" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[269,399,1807,1833]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65327F032165C2F89C" box="[269,399,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6532A3032166D0F89D" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[465,669,1807,1833]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadratirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6532A3032166D0F89D" box="[465,669,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. quadratirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="630A5391FFDBFB6531D903216749F89D" box="[683,772,1807,1833]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Review of meristic counts and colouration of Garra minimus reported in Arunachalam et al. 2013, Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4: 121–138 and comparison of the reviewed data to those of G. quadratirostris in Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2013). Values in bold indicate differences." pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
); and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653038032167A4F89D" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[842,1001,1807,1833]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticaputus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653038032167A4F89D" box="[842,1001,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. alticaputus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653750032160C6F89D" box="[1058,1163,1807,1833]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653750032160C6F89D" box="[1058,1163,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. kimini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6537BE03216100F89D" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[1228,1357,1807,1833]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6537BE03216100F89D" box="[1228,1357,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="630A5391FFDBFB65362E032164E8F8F9" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Review of meristic and colouration of Garra alticaputus and G. kimini in Arunachalam et al. (2013), and comparison of the reviewed data to those of G. birostris in Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2013). Values in bold indicate differences." pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
) reveal several inconsistencies and inaccuracies which lead us to consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB653774031D60C4F8F8" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[1030,1161,1843,1869]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB653774031D60C4F8F8" box="[1030,1161,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. minimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6533E50379652EF8C5" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,355,1879,1905]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadratirostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6533E50379652EF8C5" box="[151,355,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. quadratirostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6532000379665DF8C5" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[370,528,1879,1905]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6532000379665DF8C5" box="[370,528,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. nigricauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65305B037967BAF8C5" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[809,1015,1879,1905]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arunachalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65305B037967BAF8C5" box="[809,1015,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. arunachalensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65374403796098F8C5" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Rameshori & Prabina" authorityYear="2024" box="[1078,1237,1879,1905]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alticaputus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65374403796098F8C5" box="[1078,1237,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. alticaputus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65367F0379613BF8C5" box="[1293,1398,1879,1905]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kimini">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65367F0379613BF8C5" box="[1293,1398,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. kimini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65320A035565B5F821" authorityName="Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2013" box="[376,504,1915,1941]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birostris">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65320A035565B5F821" box="[376,504,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. birostris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFDBFB6433B503B167D2FF61" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,150,1941]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">
|
||
While
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFDBFB65326A03B1663FF80D" author="Solo, B. & Lalnuntluanga" box="[280,626,1951,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" pagination="125 - 132" refId="ref17091" refString="Solo, B. & Lalnuntluanga (2018) Diversity, distribution and conservation status of fish of the genus Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Kaladan drainage of Mizoram, northeastern India. Science Vision, 18, 125 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.33493 / scivis. 18.04.04" type="journal article" year="2018">Solo & Lalnuntluanga (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied the species diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65308503B16070F80D" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[1015,1085,1951,1977]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65308503B16070F80D" box="[1015,1085,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Garra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Kaladan River and its tributaries in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EC4CA8C8FFDBFB65325E03ED65DEF869" box="[300,403,1987,2013]" country="India" name="Mizoram" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">Mizoram</collectingRegion>
|
||
, they considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB65312A03ED66E7F868" box="[600,682,1987,2013]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tyao">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB65312A03ED66E7F868" box="[600,682,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">G. tyao</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDBFB6530CA03ED6000F869" box="[952,1101,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDBFB6530CA03ED6004F869" authorityName=", Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[952,1097,1987,2013]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rakhinica">G. rakhinica</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The characters distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDAFB6433E504B964A4FF04" box="[151,233,151,177]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tyao">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDAFB6433E504B964A4FF04" box="[151,233,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="198">G. tyao</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDAFB64325804B965FAFF05" authorityName=", Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[298,439,151,177]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rakhinica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDAFB64325804B965FAFF05" box="[298,439,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="198">G. rakhinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mentioned in Arunachalam
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDAFB64318704B96760FF05" box="[757,813,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="198">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014,
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDAFB64300804B96783FF05" box="[890,974,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="198">Species</emphasis>
|
||
, 10: 58–78 are critically reviewed (
|
||
<tableCitation id="630A5391FFDAFB64362F04B964EAFF61" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 6. Comparison between data of G. tyao and those of G. rakhinica in Kullander & Fang (2004) and Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2017). Characters in bold which indicate the distinguishing characters of the former from the latter reported in Arunachalam et al. 2014, Species, 10: 58–78. Double asterisk (**) indicates subsequent data derived from the same material studied in Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2017). Text in bold of G. rakhinica in Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2017) indicates differences from those of G. tyao in Arunachalam et al. 2014, Species, 10: 58–78 and G. rakhinica in Kullander & Fang (2004)." pageId="9" pageNumber="198">Table 6</tableCitation>
|
||
), revealing that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDAFB64322F049565E2FF60" box="[349,431,187,213]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tyao">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDAFB64322F049565E2FF60" box="[349,431,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="198">G. tyao</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is indeed a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9881DA9FFDAFB643079049567D5FF61" authorityName=", Nebeshwar & Vishwanath" authorityYear="2017" box="[779,920,187,213]" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="198" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rakhinica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDAFB643079049567D5FF61" box="[779,920,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="198">G. rakhinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E37662AFFDAFB6433B504F166ABFE3D" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="198">
|
||
In addition to the issues presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="630A5391FFDAFB64310204F1669CFF4D" box="[624,721,223,249]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. A critical review of the ambiguous characters and misuse of terminologies related to the oral and gular disc structures, and meristic data presented in Arunachalam et al.’s 2013, Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4: 121–138 description of G. minimus, G. nigricauda, G. alticaputus, and G. kimini. Text in bold indicates the ambiguous characters and misuse of terminology. Species Character Verbatim text within quotation marks Notes about inconsistencies in Arunachalam et al. from Arunachalam et al. 2013, Journal of 2013, Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4: Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4: 121–138 121–138 Garra Proboscis of Diagnosis: “Garra with smoothly rounded Different interpretations lead to the question of whether minimus snout snout tip, a very distinct rostral lobe and snout of G. minimus possesses a proboscis or smooth without a proboscis.”; (in comparison surface. with G. gotyla gotyla) “snout without a Illustration (Fig. 4a) clearly indicates that the species proboscis (weakly developed vs. well- has a distinct proboscis on snout. developed median proboscis).” Table 1: “not well-developed proboscis and shallow transverse groove.” Discussion: “G. minimus sp. nov. differs from G. manipurensis [14] by the presence of proboscis and transverse groove;”" pageId="9" pageNumber="198">Tables 2</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="630A5391FFDAFB6431AD04F166A3FF4D" box="[735,750,223,249]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,239,1284,1308]" captionText="TABLE 3. Review of the meristic counts and colouration of Garra nigricauda reported in Arunachalam et al. 2013, Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4: 121–138 and comparison with data on G. arunachalensis in Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2013). Values in bold indicate differences." pageId="9" pageNumber="198">3</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="630A5391FFDAFB64318E04F16741FF4D" box="[764,780,223,249]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="17.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 4. Review of meristic counts and colouration of Garra minimus reported in Arunachalam et al. 2013, Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4: 121–138 and comparison of the reviewed data to those of G. quadratirostris in Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2013). Values in bold indicate differences." pageId="9" pageNumber="198">4</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="630A5391FFDAFB64306804F06767FF4D" box="[794,810,222,249]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 5. Review of meristic and colouration of Garra alticaputus and G. kimini in Arunachalam et al. (2013), and comparison of the reviewed data to those of G. birostris in Nebeshwar & Vishwanath (2013). Values in bold indicate differences." pageId="9" pageNumber="198">5</tableCitation>
|
||
, and 6, the text in Arunachalam
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDAFB6437EC04F16095FF4D" box="[1182,1240,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="198">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013,
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDAFB64365504F16583FEA9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="198">Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture,</emphasis>
|
||
4: 121–138, is full of glaring errors and inaccuracies (
|
||
<tableCitation id="630A5391FFDAFB643723052D60E6FEA9" box="[1105,1195,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="25.[152,244,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,229,1001]" captionText="TABLE 7. A review of the errors in ‘verbatim text’ and ‘morphometric data’ from Arunachalam et al. 2013, Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4: 121–138, presented within quotation marks." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7AF736A2FFCAFB7433EA04B967FCFF67" pageId="9" pageNumber="198" tableUuid="7AF736A2FFCAFB7433EA04B967FCFF67">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
), suggesting that the manuscript may not have even undergone a proper peer-review. Similar issues with papers of the same author/s have been highlighted previously by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFDAFB64314B056566A5FED1" author="Conway, K. W." box="[569,744,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="198" pagination="594 - 600" refId="ref15452" refString="Conway, K. W. (2018) ' On Psilorhynchus sucatio and P. nudithoracicus ', the sequel: Unnecessary and unspecific names lead to rapid synonymization and taxonomic time wasting - A response to Arunachalam et al. (2018). Zootaxa, 4418 (6), 594 - 600 https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4418.6.7" type="journal article" year="2018">Conway (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A191BDBFFDAFB64305205656068FED1" author="Raghavan, R. & Dahanukar, N. & Knight, J. M. & Bijukumar, A. & Katwate, U. & Krishnakumar, K. & Ali, A. & Philip, S." box="[800,1061,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="198" pagination="740 - 742" refId="ref16695" refString="Raghavan, R., Dahanukar, N., Knight, J. M., Bijukumar, A., Katwate, U., Krishnakumar, K., Ali, A. & Philip, S. (2014) Predatory journals and Indian ichthyology. Current Science, 107, 740 - 742." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Raghavan
|
||
<emphasis id="1CFCBA38FFDAFB6430EA05656784FED1" box="[920,969,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="198">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and results in the destabilization of taxonomic efforts in a global biodiversity hotspot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |