522 lines
71 KiB
XML
522 lines
71 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B4B19282C27CD550153BB6E0697A38D9">An Introduction to Marmosops (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), with the Description of a New Species from Bolivia and Notes on the Taxonomy and Distribution of Other Bolivian Forms</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="80B075AF45A83056BA72317D49CFF7A9">VOSS, ROBERT S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CA97ADA8524DDE84A99CFC41AC65DD6B">TARIFA, TERESA</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="70982F147986BA8682AF362539AE7DF0">YENSEN, ERIC</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8BBFA5077DC366A4FEB68F4A42413188">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7B2E174D4CD32296092C513AF55308CC">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A61E461FFFCEFF9FED12FA572E1CFA54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5608860" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189551662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5608860" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A61E461FFFCEFF9FED12FA572E1CFA54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A61E461FFFCEFF9FED12FA572E1CFA54" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="66ADA482FFCEFF91ED12FA572943FA5E" box="[800,1128,1464,1488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E08F709FFCEFF91ED12FA572943FA5E" blockId="4.[800,1128,1464,1488]" box="[800,1128,1464,1488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="75404065FFCEFF91ED12FA572943FA5E" box="[800,1128,1464,1488]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCEFF91ED12FA572943FA5E" ID-CoL="5LHH" authority="Matschie, 1916" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[800,1128,1464,1488]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCEFF91ED12FA572E82FA41" box="[800,937,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Marmosops</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFCEFF91ED81FA562943FA5E" author="Matschie, P." box="[947,1128,1464,1487]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="259 - 272" refId="ref16586" refString="Matschie, P. 1916. Bemerkungen uber die Gattung Didelphis L. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde, Berlin 1916: 259 - 272." type="journal article" year="1916">Matschie, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66ADA482FFCEFF91ECEBFA072908F98C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2E08F709FFCEFF91ECEBFA072908F98C" blockId="4.[700,1229,1513,1741]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<collectionCode id="48A66FCCFFCEFF91ECEBFA072E5EFA6E" box="[729,885,1513,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TYPE SPECIES</collectionCode>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCEFF91EDB5FA072E2BF98C" authority="(Lund, 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incanus">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCEFF91EDB5FA07295FF991" box="[903,1140,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Marmosops incanus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFCEFF91EAB4FA072FD3F98C" author="Lund, P. W." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="219 - 272" refId="ref16492" refString="Lund, P. W. 1840. [Preprint of] Blik paa Brasiliens Dyreverden for sidste Jordomvaeltning. Tredie Afhandling: Fortsaettelse af Pattedyrene. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Na- turvidenskabelige og Matematiske Afhandlinger 8: 219 - 272 + pls. xiv - xxiv. [Preprint 56 pp., repaginated; not seen. Journal issue paginated as above published 1841]" type="book chapter" year="1840">Lund, 1840</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66ADA482FFCEFF93ECEBF9CA2E9FFB12" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2E08F709FFCEFF93ECEBF9CA2C41FCEA" blockId="4.[700,1229,1513,1741]" lastBlockId="6.[124,654,193,1742]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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DIAGNOSIS: Species of
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCEFF91EDD9F9CA295FF9AA" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[1003,1140,1572,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCEFF91EDD9F9CA295FF9AA" box="[1003,1140,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Marmosops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from other small didelphid marsupials by the following combination of character states: eye surrounded by mask of blackish fur contrasting in color with paler fur of crown and cheeks; dorsal pelage uniformly colored, unpatterned; manus mesaxonic (digit III longer than adjacent digits II and IV); manual claws small, not exceeding fleshy apical pads in length; central palmar surface of manus smooth (not densely tuberculate); digit IV of pes longer than adjacent digit III; caudal scales in spiral series; middle hair of each caudalscale triplet petiolate (narrower basally than at midlength), thicker, and usually more heavily pigmented than lateral hairs; tail longer than the combined length of head and body, not incrassate; ventral surface of tailtip modified for prehension; premaxillary rostral process usually well developed; postorbital processes usually absent; petrosal usually exposed on lateral surface of braincase through fenestra between squamosal and parietal bones; maxillary fenestrae absent; posterolateral palatal foramina small, not extending lingual to M4 protocones; maxillary and alisphenoid not in contact on floor of orbit; extracranial course of mandibular nerve (V
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<superScript id="D9C25A41FFCCFF93EF94FE452C84FE28" attach="left" box="[422,431,427,441]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3</superScript>
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) enclosed by anteromedial strut of alisphenoid bulla (secondary foramen ovale present); fenestra cochleae exposed laterally (not enclosed in a bony sinus); I2–I5 with approximately symmetrical rhomboidal crowns increasing in breadth from front to back; P2 and P3 subequal in height; molar dentition highly carnassialized; centrocrista strongly Vshaped, its apex high above trigon basin; lower canine (c1) procumbent and premolariform (always with a flattened, bladelike apex and usually with a small posterior accessory cusp); p2 taller than p3; dp3 fully molariform; m3 hypoconid labially salient; entoconid large and well developed on m1–m3.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7AC8A781FFCFFF90EEA7FA652959FA2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4735093" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4735093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4735093/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[149,187,1419,1440]" targetBox="[133,1215,188,1397]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="2E08F709FFCFFF90EEA7FA652959FA2A" blockId="5.[123,1227,1419,1467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Fig. 2. Dorsal and ventral views of the skull, and occlusal view of the maxillary dentition of
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCFFF90EAA7FA652C2DFA2A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCFFF90EAA7FA652C2DFA2A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Marmosa murina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, showing the anatomical limits of craniodental measurements defined in the text.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="2E08F709FFCCFF93EEABFC6F2E81FEA1" blockId="6.[124,654,193,1742]" lastBlockId="6.[700,1230,193,1566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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COMPARISONS WITH
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EFB9FC6F2CDCFC06" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[395,503,897,920]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EFB9FC6F2CDCFC06" box="[395,503,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MARMOSA</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: Species of
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EE4EFC712C2EFC27" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[124,261,927,950]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EE4EFC712C2EFC27" box="[124,261,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have long been confused with
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EE4EFC522DC0FC42" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[124,235,956,979]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EE4EFC522DC0FC42" box="[124,235,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which they superficially resemble in size and external appearance, but these taxa are only distantly related (
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<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFCCFF93EC20FC182C2EFBBA" author="Jansa, S. A. & R. S. Voss" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="43 - 77" refId="ref16263" refString="Jansa, S. A., and R. S. Voss. 2000. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials I. Introduction and preliminary results from nuclear IRBP gene sequences. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 7: 43 - 77." type="journal article" year="2000">Jansa and Voss, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFCCFF93EF27FBFA2F30FBBA" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[277,539,1044,1067]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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) and can readily be distinguished by qualitative integumental and craniodental characters (
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<tableCitation id="6335C2B2FFCCFF93EC1FFBA02F55FBF4" box="[557,638,1102,1125]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[852,926,487,506]" captionTargetId="figure-24@7.[123,1682,546,1428]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2 Diagnostic Morphological Comparisons among Marmosops, Marmosa, Gracilinanus, and Thylamys" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">table 2</tableCitation>
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). In the field, two external characters are useful for generic identification. Whereas the manus of
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EE93FB492C01FB2F" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[161,298,1191,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EE93FB492C01FB2F" box="[161,298,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is mesaxonic, with digit (d) III distinctly longer than the adjacent digits (dII and dIV; fig. 3A), the manus of
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EC63FB0F2D92FA87" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EC63FB0F2D92FA87" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is paraxonic, with dIII and dIV subequal in length (fig. 3B). Easily determined from live specimens (or properly fluidpreserved material) with elastic phalangeal joints that can be manipulated to align and straighten adjacent digits for relative length comparisons, this character is often hard to score from dried skins with hard, bent, twisted, or otherwise distorted fingers (see
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<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFCCFF93EC67FA072C10F98C" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: character 10). A second distinguishing external trait is the morphology of the caudal pelage, of which the central hair in each caudalscale triplet is petiolate (narrower basally than at midlength), thicker, and usually more darkly pigmented than the lateral hairs in
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EF57F9592CC5F95F" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[357,494,1719,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EF57F9592CC5F95F" box="[357,494,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; by contrast, the three hairs of each caudalscale triplet are subequal in thickness and similarly shaped and pigmented in
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EDA0FF12292AFE82" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[914,1025,252,275]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EDA0FF12292AFE82" box="[914,1025,252,275]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFCCFF93EA20FF122FD0FEA1" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: character 27).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E08F709FFCCFF93ECEBFED82950FCB2" blockId="6.[700,1230,193,1566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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In dorsal cranial comparisons, these taxa are distinguished by the usual absence of distinct postorbital processes of the frontal bones in
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<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93ECE9FE612E49FE37" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[731,866,399,422]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93ECE9FE612E49FE37" box="[731,866,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 4B) versus the usual presence of distinct postorbital processes in adults of most species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EDA9FE272922FE71" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[923,1033,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EDA9FE272922FE71" box="[923,1033,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 4A). In lateral cranial view, the petrosal capsule that encloses the paraflocculus and semicircular canals (= pars canalicularis or pars mastoideus) is usually exposed through a fenestra between the squamosal and parietal bones in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EA5DFDB22FC4FD01" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EA5DFDB22FC4FD01" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 5A), but there is no such lateral petrosal exposure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EDA0FD79292BFD3F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[914,1024,663,686]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EDA0FD79292BFD3F" box="[914,1024,663,686]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 5B). In ventral cranial view,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EDBBFD5A293BFD5A" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[905,1040,692,715]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EDBBFD5A293BFD5A" box="[905,1040,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished by the invariant presence of a secondary foramen ovale (fig. 6B), which is just as consistently absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EDA5FCE2292EFCB2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[919,1029,780,803]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EDA5FCE2292EFCB2" box="[919,1029,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 6A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFCCFF93ECEBFCC72E9FFB12" blockId="6.[700,1230,193,1566]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93ECEBFCC72E49FCD1" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[729,866,809,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93ECEBFCC72E49FCD1" box="[729,866,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93ED9BFCC72933FCD1" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[937,1048,809,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93ED9BFCC72933FCD1" box="[937,1048,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar in most dental traits, but the morphology of the deciduous lower third premolar (dp3) appears to provide a consistent difference. In all examined juvenile specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EA5FFC712FDBFC42" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EA5FFC712FDBFC42" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 7, upper panel) this tooth is fully molariform because the trigonid includes a distinct paraconid, protoconid, and metaconid. By contrast, the dp3 of juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EAA3FBFA2FD2FBD9" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EAA3FBFA2FD2FBD9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 7, lower panel) is not fully molariform because the bicuspid trigonid lacks a distinct metaconid.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66ADA482FFCCFF9FECEBFB672E1CFA54" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFCCFF9CECEBFB672C42FB31" blockId="6.[700,1230,193,1566]" lastBlockId="9.[123,652,956,1742]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
COMPARISONS WITH
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93ED8EFB672972FB0E" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[956,1113,1161,1184]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93ED8EFB672972FB0E" box="[956,1113,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">GRACILINANUS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Museum specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93ED6EFB492ECEFB2F" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[860,997,1191,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93ED6EFB492ECEFB2F" box="[860,997,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sometimes misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93ED66FB2A2EC6FB4A" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[852,1005,1220,1243]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93ED66FB2A2EC6FB4A" box="[852,1005,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, apparently the result of using inaccurate published keys.
|
||
<superScript id="D9C25A41FFCCFF93EAA2FB0E29B2FB7F" attach="left" box="[1168,1177,1248,1262]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5</superScript>
|
||
Despite such confusion, the two genera can be distinguished unambiguously by several external morphological differences (
|
||
<tableCitation id="6335C2B2FFCCFF93EA51FAD72995FAC1" box="[1123,1214,1337,1360]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[852,926,487,506]" captionTargetId="figure-24@7.[123,1682,546,1428]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2 Diagnostic Morphological Comparisons among Marmosops, Marmosa, Gracilinanus, and Thylamys" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93ED25FAB92E8BFAFF" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[791,928,1367,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93ED25FAB92E8BFAFF" box="[791,928,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a mesaxonic manus with dIII longer than the other digits,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EC8EFA7F2E7EFA39" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[700,853,1425,1448]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EC8EFA7F2E7EFA39" box="[700,853,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EDABFA7F2923FA39" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[921,1032,1425,1448]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EDABFA7F2923FA39" box="[921,1032,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) has a paraxonic manus with dIII and dIV subequal in length. Also, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93ED4BFA222929FA72" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[889,1026,1484,1507]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93ED4BFA222929FA72" box="[889,1026,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has spirally arranged caudal scales, the caudal scales of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EC8EF9E92E7EF98F" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[700,853,1543,1566]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EC8EF9E92E7EF98F" box="[700,853,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are arranged in predominantly annular series (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CEF06FC522F6AFC42" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[308,577,956,979]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 23). Lastly, the central hair of each caudalscale triplet is petiolate, thicker, and usually more heavily pigmented than the lateral hairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEEE9FBDF2C4FFBD9" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[219,356,1073,1096]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEEE9FBDF2C4FFBD9" box="[219,356,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas the central hair is not conspicuously differentiated from the lateral hairs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEF18FB822CE8FB12" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[298,451,1132,1155]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEF18FB822CE8FB12" box="[298,451,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CEFE1FB822D91FB31" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 27).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFCCFF93ECE1F9AF2929F95C" blockId="6.[700,1229,1601,1741]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<superScript id="D9C25A41FFCCFF93ECE1F9AF2FF1F9DD" attach="right" box="[723,730,1601,1612]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5</superScript>
|
||
Among other characters erroneously used in relevant key couplets by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFCCFF93ED56F9B42910F9FC" author="Hershkovitz, P." box="[868,1083,1626,1645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref16186" refString="Hershkovitz, P. 1992. The South American gracile mouse opossums, genus Gracilinanus Gardner and Creighton, 1989 (Marmosidae, Marsupialia): a taxonomic review with notes on general morphology and relationships. Fieldiana Zoology, new series 39: 1 - 56." type="book chapter" year="1992">Hershkovitz (1992: 6)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFCCFF93EA40F9B42E34F914" author="Anderson, S." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 652" refId="ref15278" refString="Anderson, S. 1997. Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 231: 1 - 652." type="journal article" year="1997">Anderson (1997: 30)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, presence/absence of gular glands, plantar pad morphology, nasal proportions, and presence/absence of postorbital processes do not reliably distinguish species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93ECE5F9542E6EF95C" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[727,837,1722,1741]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93ECE5F9542E6EF95C" box="[727,837,1722,1741]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCCFF93EDB3F9542ED0F95C" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[897,1019,1722,1741]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCCFF93EDB3F9542ED0F95C" box="[897,1019,1722,1741]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AC8A781FFCDFF92ED66FE09289BFD86" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[852,926,487,506]" targetBox="[123,1682,549,1428]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFCDFF92ED66FE09289BFD86" blockId="7.[343,1456,487,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
TABLE 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCDFF92EF65FDEC289BFD86" bold="true" box="[343,1456,514,535]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Diagnostic Morphological Comparisons among
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCDFF92ED41FDEC282EFD86" bold="true" box="[883,1285,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCDFF92ED41FDEC2ED9FD86" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[883,1010,514,535]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Marmosops</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCDFF92EA32FDEC2943FD86" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[1024,1128,514,535]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Marmosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCDFF92EA45FDEC282EFD86" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[1143,1285,514,535]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gracilinanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFCDFF92EB75FDEC289BFD86" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" box="[1351,1456,514,535]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Thylamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFCDFF92EB75FDEC289BFD86" bold="true" box="[1351,1456,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Thylamys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFCDFF92EB9DFDEF289DFD9F" blockId="7.[1455,1462,513,526]" box="[1455,1462,513,526]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<superScript id="D9C25A41FFCDFF92EB9DFDEF289DFD9F" attach="left" box="[1455,1462,513,526]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">a</superScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AC8A781FFC2FF9DED1FFE302EB4FD9E" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[813,887,478,497]" targetBox="[84,1643,541,1437]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFC2FF9DED1FFE302EB4FD9E" blockId="8.[801,927,478,527]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
TABLE 2
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC2FF9DED13FE142EB4FD9E" box="[801,927,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">(Continued)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="7AC8A781FFC3FF9CEEA7FD1B2EECFCE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4735095" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4735095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4735095/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[149,187,757,778]" targetBox="[171,1178,188,732]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFC3FF9CEEA7FD1B2EECFCE5" blockId="9.[123,1227,756,884]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Fig. 3. Dorsal views of right forefeet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEC47FD1B2E65FC9B" baseAuthorityName="Lund" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[629,846,757,778]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEC47FD1B2E65FC9B" box="[629,846,757,778]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Marmosops incanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CED56FD1A2E56FC98" bold="true" box="[868,893,756,777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A,</emphasis>
|
||
MVZ 197629) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEA55FD1B2DF4FCB4" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEA55FD1B2DF4FCB4" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Marmosa robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEEC0FCE12C21FCB5" bold="true" box="[242,266,783,804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B,</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH 259983) illustrating generic differences in digital proportions. Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEAA7FCFE2DE2FCAE" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEAA7FCFE2DE2FCAE" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have mesaxonic forefeet in which digit III is longer than all of the other manual digits and digit V is short (about equal in length to digit I). By contrast, species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CED6BFCAB2E96FCCB" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[857,957,837,858]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CED6BFCAB2E96FCCB" box="[857,957,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Marmosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEDCCFCAB29A3FCCB" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[1022,1160,837,858]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEDCCFCAB29A3FCCB" box="[1022,1160,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have paraxonic forefeet in which digits III and IV are subequal and digit V is long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFC3FF9CEEAAFB482F67FA72" blockId="9.[123,652,956,1742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Cranially,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEF29FB492C8FFB2F" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[283,420,1191,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEF29FB492C8FFB2F" box="[283,420,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consistently lacks maxillary fenestrae, palatal openings that are consistently present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEFBFFB0F2F0DFB69" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[397,550,1249,1272]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEFBFFB0F2F0DFB69" box="[397,550,1249,1272]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on each side of the maxillopalatine openings near the M1/M2 commissure (fig. 8). The morphology of the deciduous lower premolar (dp3) might also distinguish these taxa, but we have examined so few juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEFC0FA9A2FA0FA1A" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[498,651,1396,1419]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEFC0FA9A2FA0FA1A" box="[498,651,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="38B13C80FFC3FF9CEEB1FA7F2C18FA39" box="[131,307,1425,1448]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEF52FA7F2CECFA39" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[352,455,1425,1448]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEF52FA7F2CECFA39" box="[352,455,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. agilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEC0BFA7F2D84FA57" baseAuthorityName="Thomas" baseAuthorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emiliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEC0BFA7F2D84FA57" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. emiliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all with incomplete trigonids) that the diagnostic value of this trait is unclear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFC3FF9CEEAAFA072E76F9E4" blockId="9.[123,652,956,1742]" lastBlockId="9.[699,1228,956,1741]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
COMPARISONS WITH
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEFBBFA072CDCFA6E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" box="[393,503,1513,1536]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Thylamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEFBBFA072CDCFA6E" box="[393,503,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">THYLAMYS</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEEADF9E92C03F98F" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[159,296,1543,1566]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEEADF9E92C03F98F" box="[159,296,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have occasionally been misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEF22F9CA2C54F9AA" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" box="[272,383,1572,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Thylamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEF22F9CA2C54F9AA" box="[272,383,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thylamys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
despite the large number of consistent differences that distinguish these very dissimilar taxa. Whereas the dorsal body pelage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEF57F9922CC5F902" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[357,494,1660,1683]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEF57F9922CC5F902" box="[357,494,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uniformly colored and unpatterned, the middorsum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC3FF9CEE49F9592DC1F95F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" box="[123,234,1719,1742]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Thylamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC3FF9CEE49F9592DC1F95F" box="[123,234,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Thylamys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinctly darker than the flanks, with a moreorless sharp line of transition between the two colors on either side (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CEAA3FC372E50FB9C" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 7). Additional external differences (
|
||
<tableCitation id="6335C2B2FFC3FF9CEDAEFBFA2EDBFBBA" box="[924,1008,1044,1067]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[852,926,487,506]" captionTargetId="figure-24@7.[123,1682,546,1428]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2 Diagnostic Morphological Comparisons among Marmosops, Marmosa, Gracilinanus, and Thylamys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) include the morphology of the central palmar surface of the manus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CED2AFBA02936FBF4" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[792,1053,1102,1125]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 11), the occurrence of lateral carpal tubercles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CECF1FB672EE2FB31" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[707,969,1161,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 12), occurrence of plantar pelage on the tarsus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CEAA0FB482EAFFB4A" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 16), caudal hair morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CED6AFB0F297CFB69" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[856,1111,1249,1272]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 27), and caudal incrassation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CEA20FB102FD1FAA2" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 28). Craniodental differences between these genera are likewise numerous, including the presence/absence of a rostral premaxillary process (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CEDF1FA9A29E3FA1A" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[963,1224,1396,1419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 29), shape of the nasal bones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CEAA0FA7F2E54FA54" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 33), size and extent of the posterolateral palatal foramina (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CECF1FA072EE2F991" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[707,969,1513,1536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 41), lateral exposure of the fenestra cochleae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CEA6FF9E82E65F9AA" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 47), and upper premolar proportions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC3FF9CED9CF9AF29E3F9C9" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[942,1224,1601,1624]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: character 55).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFC3FF9FECEAF9922FA7F9E4" blockId="9.[699,1228,956,1741]" lastBlockId="10.[124,653,868,1741]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
PHYLOGENETIC STATUS AND RELATIONSHIPS: Although distinguished from certain other ‘‘marmosines’’ by a relatively small number of morphological characters,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEFE4FC8A2F74FCEA" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[470,607,868,891]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEFE4FC8A2F74FCEA" box="[470,607,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be a natural group based on recent phylogenetic analyses in which generic monophyly was tested rather than assumed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FEEB6FC372C8DFC61" author="Jansa, S. A. & R. S. Voss" box="[132,422,985,1008]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="43 - 77" refId="ref16263" refString="Jansa, S. A., and R. S. Voss. 2000. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials I. Introduction and preliminary results from nuclear IRBP gene sequences. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 7: 43 - 77." type="journal article" year="2000">Jansa and Voss, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FEF8CFC372D90FB9C" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The most taxonomically complete analysis to date (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FEF7CFBFA2F73FBBA" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[334,600,1044,1067]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) included only five species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEFFEFBDF2F7EFBD9" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[460,597,1073,1096]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEFFEFBDF2F7EFBD9" box="[460,597,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but among these were members of the diminutive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEE86FB822C79FB12" baseAuthorityName="Tate" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[180,338,1132,1155]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEE86FB822C79FB12" box="[180,338,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M. parvidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex as well as large Amazonian and southeastern Brazilian forms; generic monophyly was supported in separate parsimony analyses of both nonmolecular (morphological + karyotypic) characters and sequences from exon 1 of the nuclear gene encoding the Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein (IRBP), in a likelihood analysis of the IRBP data, and in a parsimony analysis of a combineddata (nonmolecular + IRBP) supermatrix. The only discrepant result concerning generic monophyly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FEEFCFA222F22FA72" author="Kirsch, J. A. W. & R. E. Palma" box="[206,521,1484,1507]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="403 - 425" refId="ref16346" refString="Kirsch, J. A. W., and R. E. Palma. 1995. DNA / DNA hybridization studies of carnivorous marsupials. V. A further estimate of relationships among opossums (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). Mammalia 59: 403 - 425." type="journal article" year="1995">Kirsch and Palma’s (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEE4EFA072C4CF991" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[124,359,1513,1536]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEE4EFA072C4CF991" box="[124,359,1513,1536]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gracilinanus agilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEF80FA072D85F98F" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorothea">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEF80FA072D85F98F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosops dorothea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are almost indistinguishable by thermal elution of scnDNA heteroduplexes, is now known to be an artifact of specimen misidentification (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FEF67F9B02F54F9E4" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[341,639,1630,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003: 57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
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|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFC0FF9FEEA4FD892F2EFC8D" blockId="10.[124,1229,615,797]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Fig. 4. Dorsal views of the interorbital region in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEC9FFD862E4FFDEC" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[685,868,616,637]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murina">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEC9FFD862E4FFDEC" box="[685,868,616,637]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosa murina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FED47FD892EA5FDED" bold="true" box="[885,910,615,636]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A,</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH 267368),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEA63FD862DC6FD06" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctivagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEA63FD862DC6FD06" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosops noctivagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEF32FD6C2C33FD06" bold="true" box="[256,280,642,663]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B,</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH 262402), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEC20FD6C2FCBFD06" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[530,736,642,663]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="agilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEC20FD6C2FCBFD06" box="[530,736,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gracilinanus agilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FECC0FD6C2E27FD06" bold="true" box="[754,780,642,663]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C,</emphasis>
|
||
MVZ 197439) illustrating generic differences in the development of postorbital processes. Distinct postorbital processes of the frontals (
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEAACFD7229EFFD20" bold="true" box="[1182,1220,668,689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ppf</emphasis>
|
||
) are normally present in fully adult specimens of most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FECF5FD562EA9FD5D" box="[711,898,695,717]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FECF5FD562E00FD5C" box="[711,811,696,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosa</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they are usually absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEE4EFD3C2DDCFD76" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[124,247,722,743]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEE4EFD3C2DDCFD76" box="[124,247,722,743]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEF1CFD3C2C93FD76" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[302,440,722,743]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEF1CFD3C2C93FD76" box="[302,440,722,743]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(indistinct processes are sometimes developed in old adults). Supraorbital beads (
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEEF9FD022DF1FC90" bold="true" box="[203,218,748,769]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b</emphasis>
|
||
), consisting of upturned dorsallygrooved ridges, are present in some but not all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEE4EFCE62DDCFC8C" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[124,247,776,797]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEE4EFCE62DDCFC8C" box="[124,247,776,797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Scale bars equal 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E08F709FFC0FF9FEEABF9922E1CFA54" blockId="10.[124,653,868,1741]" lastBlockId="10.[700,1229,868,1477]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Several phylogenetic analyses of molecular data (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FEF13F9772F6AF921" author="Kirsch, J. A. W. & R. E. Palma" box="[289,577,1689,1712]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="403 - 425" refId="ref16346" refString="Kirsch, J. A. W., and R. E. Palma. 1995. DNA / DNA hybridization studies of carnivorous marsupials. V. A further estimate of relationships among opossums (Marsupialia: Didelphidae). Mammalia 59: 403 - 425." type="journal article" year="1995">Kirsch and Palma, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FEC7CF9772C13F95C" author="Jansa, S. A. & R. S. Voss" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="43 - 77" refId="ref16263" refString="Jansa, S. A., and R. S. Voss. 2000. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials I. Introduction and preliminary results from nuclear IRBP gene sequences. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 7: 43 - 77." type="journal article" year="2000">Jansa and Voss, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FEF74F9582F62F95C" author="Voss, R. S. & S. A. Jansa" box="[326,585,1718,1741]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref18119" refString="Voss, R. S., and S. A. Jansa. 2003. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials II. Nonmolec- ular data and new IRBP sequences: separate and combined analyses of didelphine relationships with denser taxon sampling. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 276: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2003">Voss and Jansa, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FED1AFC8A2E9AFCEA" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[808,945,868,891]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FED1AFC8A2E9AFCEA" box="[808,945,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to a didelphine clade that also includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEDDFFC6F29ADFC09" authorityName="Gardner & Creighton" authorityYear="1989" box="[1005,1158,897,920]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Gracilinanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEDDFFC6F29ADFC09" box="[1005,1158,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gracilinanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEAA9FC6F2E00FC27" authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1934" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Lestodelphys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEAA9FC6F2E00FC27" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lestodelphys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FED48FC712EC2FC27" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1843" box="[890,1001,927,950]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Thylamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FED48FC712EC2FC27" box="[890,1001,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Thylamys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The recently described genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FED51FC522923FC42" box="[867,1032,956,979]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Chacodelphys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FED51FC522923FC42" box="[867,1032,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Chacodelphys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may also belong to this group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FED5DFC37296DFC61" author="Voss, R. S. & A. L. Gardner & S. A. Jansa" box="[879,1094,985,1008]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref18231" refString="Voss, R. S., A. L. Gardner, and S. A. Jansa. 2004. On the relationships of '' Marmosa '' formosa Shamel, 1930 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), a phylogenetic puzzle from the Chaco of northern Argentina. American Museum Novitates 3442: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2004">Voss et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FEC8EFC182EB4FB9C" author="Patton, J. L. & S. F. dos Reis & M. N. F. da Silva" box="[700,927,1014,1037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="3 - 29" refId="ref17085" refString="Patton, J. L., S. F. dos Reis, and M. N. F. da Silva. 1996. Relationships among didelphid marsupials based on sequence variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 3: 3 - 29." type="journal article" year="1996">Patton et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEA11FC192987FB9F" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[1059,1196,1015,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEA11FC192987FB9F" box="[1059,1196,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister taxon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEDF3FBFA296AFBBA" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1900" box="[961,1089,1044,1067]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Caluromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEDF3FBFA296AFBBA" box="[961,1089,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Caluromys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FED2FFBDF2E07FBD9" box="[797,812,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b</emphasis>
|
||
sequences they analyzed appear to be substitutionsaturated at this level of taxonomic comparison (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FED8EFB8229E2FB12" author="Jansa, S. A. & R. S. Voss" box="[956,1225,1132,1155]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="43 - 77" refId="ref16263" refString="Jansa, S. A., and R. S. Voss. 2000. Phylogenetic studies on didelphid marsupials I. Introduction and preliminary results from nuclear IRBP gene sequences. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 7: 43 - 77." type="journal article" year="2000">Jansa and Voss, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12), and the relationship in question (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FECF4FB492E64FB2F" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[710,847,1191,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FECF4FB492E64FB2F" box="[710,847,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FED4FFB492ED6FB2F" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1900" box="[893,1021,1191,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Caluromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FED4FFB492ED6FB2F" box="[893,1021,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Caluromys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) had only trivial bootstrap support in their parsimony results.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A268AF8FFC0FF9FEC8EFB0F293EFB69" author="Palma, R. E. & A. E. Spotorno" box="[700,1045,1249,1272]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="525 - 535" refId="ref16963" refString="Palma, R. E., and A. E. Spotorno. 1999. Molecular systematics of marsupials based on the rRNA 12 S mitochondrial gene: the phylogeny of Didelphimorphia and of the living fossil microbiotheriid Dromiciops gliroides. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 13: 525 - 535." type="journal article" year="1999">Palma and Spotorno’s (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report of a sistergroup relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FEA71FB1129E7FA87" authorityName="Matschie" authorityYear="1916" box="[1091,1228,1279,1302]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Marmosops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FEA71FB1129E7FA87" box="[1091,1228,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Marmosops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B78C8AFFC0FF9FECCAFAF22E57FAA2" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1854" box="[760,892,1308,1331]" class="Mammalia" family="Didelphidae" genus="Metachirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Didelphimorphia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CC32B1BFFC0FF9FECCAFAF22E57FAA2" box="[760,892,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Metachirus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(supported by very large bootstrap values in their neighborjoining and parsimony trees) is an unexplained anomaly that is not consistent with any other analytic results or character data of which we are aware.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |