355 lines
45 KiB
XML
355 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="EF16759647FC2106F3EE2F3C965908A9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.280590" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35f6ecad-68d3-44cb-9183-d1c9617c2c57" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280590" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460462301487" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cárdenas, Paco & Rapp, Hans Tore" docDate="2012" docId="A61787B7DC4AFF90FF33FA05FCACFED7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03253p053.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3253" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Thenea levis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="38" masterDocId="5A2EFFCFDC69FFB6FFA4FFC9FFB8FFE8" masterDocTitle="A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1698304409925" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="16756DD7DB7286DAC83F4B44FC3C0693">
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<mods:title id="BDF327FE3C3F526040294CB62467B267">A review of Norwegian streptaster-bearing Astrophorida (Porifera: Demospongiae: Tetractinellida), new records and a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="2BD577CE5B400517AA37B6557EF961F6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D1EE07B39D61D62035E73E0C4BD87648">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9E1A01656B46FFCC2998F10963C39A4F">Cárdenas, Paco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="5491DA9FB2EB702EF250E212637412B2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="189E5F3A194514B5105021843AA664D6">Rapp, Hans Tore</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3007222C8FC88569AD72A9AF6C2496F3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="61BD47D0267A9CD3AEBB9AA1A8B5F12A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="51B1A7BB09819E4CAC610E4D525CF16C">
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<mods:date id="799F282D63FBF4DF18F34874F648A000">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="CAB4C315AD63A1A877CDF900C689C98B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DEA4932E41F5247739E42436CC3B0136">3253</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B28BE5D3558EAF8EB3E7FCB8418C1FEE">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0959322A859F69BC7B69F5EEFC9019BD">52</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="1B4574E1440073A69AF4A66E393644E0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="89AC43382441772DC9BA93E99ACB2C4D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.280590</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E008E19C003BC6C05C3455630F2773A8" type="GBIF-Dataset">35f6ecad-68d3-44cb-9183-d1c9617c2c57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="73A61186336978AA404DDA834C43052E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B53556CB0589823EEDA79FB49D5E2E4E" type="Zenodo-Dep">280590</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A61787B7DC4AFF90FF33FA05FCACFED7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6166255" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119512839" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6166255" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A61787B7DC4AFF90FF33FA05FCACFED7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A61787B7DC4AFF90FF33FA05FCACFED7" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC4AFF95FF33FA05FEB2F9A4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF33FA05FDFAFA0D" blockId="35.[151,578,1483,1542]" box="[151,578,1483,1510]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="754981CDDC4AFF95FF33FA05FDFAFA0D" bold="true" box="[151,578,1483,1510]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF33FA05FDFAFA0D" bold="true" box="[151,578,1483,1510]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4AFF95FF33FA05FE97FA0E" box="[151,303,1484,1510]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
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<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF33FA05FE97FA0E" bold="true" box="[151,303,1484,1510]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Thenea levis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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von
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FECFFA02FDFAFA0D" author="Lendenfeld" box="[363,578,1483,1509]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11, i - iv, 59 - 374, pls IX - XLVI." type="journal article" year="1907">Lendenfeld, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF33FA27FE11F9EE" blockId="35.[151,578,1483,1542]" box="[151,425,1518,1542]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FF3AFA27FEAEF9EE" box="[158,278,1518,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[216,1384,193,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[216,1385,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Streptasters of Norwegian species of Thenea. Streptasters of Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Plesiaster; B. Spirasters; Streptasters of Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. C. Plesiaster. Same scale as A; D. spirasters. Streptasters of Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) [ZMBN 85231]. E. Plesiaster; F. Spiraster; Streptasters of Thenea valdiviae von Lendenfeld, 1907. G. Plesiaster [ZMBN 85257]; H. Spirasters. Same scale as E. [ZMBN 85233]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280608/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figures 18</figureCitation>
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C–D, 19, 20)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF33F9FEFEB2F9A4" blockId="35.[151,1436,1591,1674]" box="[151,266,1591,1612]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Synonymy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC4AFF95FF33F99CFDBAF961" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF33F99CFDBAF961" blockId="35.[151,1436,1591,1674]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4AFF95FF33F99CFEA0F983" box="[151,280,1621,1643]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
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<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF33F99CFEA0F983" box="[151,280,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Thenea levis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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von
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FEF4F99CFDB0F983" author="Lendenfeld" box="[336,520,1621,1643]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11, i - iv, 59 - 374, pls IX - XLVI." type="journal article" year="1907">Lendenfeld, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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: von
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FDE7F99CFD4CF983" author="Lendenfeld" box="[579,756,1621,1643]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11, i - iv, 59 - 374, pls IX - XLVI." type="journal article" year="1907">Lendenfeld 1907</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 215;
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FCF6F99FFBDCF983" author="Steenstrup" box="[850,1124,1621,1643]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Steenstrup, E. & Tendal, O. S. (1982) The genus Thenea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Choristida) in the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters; an annotated key. Sarsia, 67, 259 - 268." type="journal article" year="1982">Steenstrup & Tendal 1982</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 259;
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FB66F99CFAD8F983" author="Klitgaard" box="[1218,1376,1621,1643]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Klitgaard, A. B. (1995) The fauna associated with outer shelf and upper slope sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) at the Faroe Islands, northeastern Atlantic. Sarsia, 80, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1995">Klitgaard 1995</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 1;
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<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4AFF95FF63F9BAFE20F961" author="Cardenas" box="[199,408,1651,1674]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Cardenas, P., Xavier, J. R., Reveillaud, J., Schander, C. & Rapp, H. T. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae p) reveals an unexpected high level of spicule homoplasy. PLoS ONE, 6, e 18318. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0018318." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Cárdenas
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<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FE8FF9BCFEE7F962" box="[299,351,1652,1674]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
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2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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, Table S1.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC4AFF95FF33F97FFB43F84E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF33F97FFD3DF8B6" blockId="35.[151,1436,1718,2030]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF33F97FFF41F926" box="[151,249,1718,1742]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC4AFF95FEACF97EFEE1F926" box="[264,345,1719,1742]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ZMBN</collectionCode>
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85230, 85249, West of Marstein, western
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<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4AFF95FC9DF97EFC2CF927" box="[825,916,1719,1743]" name="Norway" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Norway</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FC04F97FFBAFF926" box="[928,1047,1718,1742]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="15" value="60.138336">60°8'18''N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FB80F97FFB20F926" box="[1060,1176,1718,1742]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="15" value="4.846389">4°50'47''E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FB00F97FFB55F926" box="[1188,1261,1718,1742]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
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, Agassiz trawl;
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<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC4AFF95FF33F912FEA3F91A" box="[151,283,1755,1778]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pnpi-f6fs" name="Norwegian University of Science and Technology - University Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">NTNU-VM</collectionCode>
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55838, 55839, 55842, Haltenbanken, western
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<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4AFF95FC9FF912FC2EF91B" box="[827,918,1755,1779]" name="Norway" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Norway</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FC01F913FB92F91A" box="[933,1066,1754,1778]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="15" value="64.248886">64°14'56''N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FB9DF913FB1FF91A" box="[1081,1191,1754,1778]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="1" value="9.001028">9°0'3.7''E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC4AFF95FB11F912FABEF91A" box="[1205,1286,1755,1778]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ZMBN</collectionCode>
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85250, Røst reef, northern
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<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4AFF95FE93F936FE2AF8FF" box="[311,402,1791,1815]" name="Norway" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Norway</collectingCountry>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FE39F937FDA7F8FE" box="[413,543,1790,1814]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="9" value="67.506836">67°30.41'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FD8FF937FD24F8FE" box="[555,668,1790,1814]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="9" value="9.426666">9°25.60'E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FD0CF937FD49F8FE" box="[680,753,1790,1814]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="312.0">312 m</quantity>
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, large boxcore;
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<collectionCode id="48AFAE64DC4AFF95FC01F936FC4EF8FE" box="[933,1014,1791,1814]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0tqf-efed" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collection" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ZMBN</collectionCode>
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85229, Sotbakken, northern
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<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4AFF95FA98F936FA2FF8FF" box="[1340,1431,1791,1815]" name="Norway" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Norway</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FF33F8EBFEA1F8D2" box="[151,281,1826,1850]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="9" value="70.75533">70°45.32'N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FE80F8EBFE1AF8D2" box="[292,418,1826,1850]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="9" value="18.6685">18°40.11'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FE0AF8EBFE4FF8D2" box="[430,503,1826,1850]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.86" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="286.0">286 m</quantity>
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||
, large boxcore; University of Tromsø, Marbank, field# M07GOS0081-7, off Tromsø,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FF1AF88FFEA5F8B6" box="[190,285,1862,1886]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="925" value="71.13333">71°08'N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FE8CF88FFE1FF8B6" box="[296,423,1862,1886]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="9" value="18.6555">18°39.33'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FE16F88FFE43F8B6" box="[434,507,1862,1886]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="190.0">190 m</quantity>
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||
, beamtrawl.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63F8A2FE7EF86A" blockId="35.[151,1436,1718,2030]" box="[199,454,1899,1923]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63F8A2FE07F86B" box="[199,447,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Comparative material</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63F847FB43F84E" blockId="35.[151,1436,1718,2030]" box="[199,1275,1934,1958]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4AFF95FF63F847FEEBF84E" box="[199,339,1934,1958]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63F847FEEBF84E" box="[199,339,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Thenea levis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, ZMAPOR 21501, SW of Rockall Bank,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FC8CF847FC0DF84E" box="[808,949,1934,1958]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="1" value="55.51886">55°31'7.9"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4B8A5066DC4AFF95FC65F847FBD6F84E" box="[961,1134,1934,1958]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="1" value="-15.807651">15°48'27.54"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FBDDF847FB4EF84E" box="[1145,1270,1934,1958]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.504999999999999" metricValueMax="8.57" metricValueMin="8.44" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="850.5" valueMax="857.0" valueMin="844.0">
|
||
844-
|
||
<specimenCount id="38B8FD28DC4AFF95FB08F847FB4EF84E" box="[1196,1270,1934,1958]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="generic">857 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC4AFF93FF63F87DFCADFE1D" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4AFF95FF63F87DFA24F806" blockId="35.[151,1436,1718,2030]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4AFF95FF63F87DFD92F823" box="[199,554,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description. Outer morphology</emphasis>
|
||
. Massive elongated sponge. ZMBN 85230 is straight (
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FB39F87BFB6DF822" box="[1181,1237,1970,1994]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FABBF87BFAE0F822" box="[1311,1368,1970,1994]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4AFF95FF3BF81FFF48F806" box="[159,240,2006,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1885,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,419,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,419,1860]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 19. Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 2 cm; B. Detail showing the cribriporal pores, with a thick overhang. Scale: 4 mm; C. Thick section of sieved pores. Scale: 2 mm; D. Thick section showing skeletal organization of ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 100 µm; F. Protriaene. Scale: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280609/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
A) while ZMBN 85249 (
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FDAAF81FFDE5F806" box="[526,605,2006,2030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="6.5">6.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4AFF95FD03F81FFD4DF806" box="[679,757,2006,2030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high) is slightly bent. Both have a minutely hispid surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4DFF92FF33FF51FAD8FEF5" blockId="36.[151,1436,151,356]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
ZMBN 85251 (
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4DFF92FEE3FF5EFEC7FF47" box="[327,383,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4DFF92FE6CFF5EFDB9FF47" box="[456,513,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
high) is very hispid with very long hair-like oxeas. Specimens are not compressible. Color alive and in ethanol is brown. Choanosome is whitish to brownish (alive and in ethanol). Pore and oscule areas (both with sieves) are along the longitudinal sides, opposite to each other. They are more or less long and high. A thick overhang protects the pore area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4DFF92FD6BFECDFC99FEF4" box="[719,801,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1885,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,419,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,419,1860]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 19. Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 2 cm; B. Detail showing the cribriporal pores, with a thick overhang. Scale: 4 mm; C. Thick section of sieved pores. Scale: 2 mm; D. Thick section showing skeletal organization of ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 100 µm; F. Protriaene. Scale: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280609/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Small roots extend from the base of the sponge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4DFF92FF63FEE1FC17FE8C" blockId="36.[151,1436,151,356]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4DFF92FF63FEE1FE9EFEA8" box="[199,294,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4DFF92FE92FEEEFE30FED7" box="[310,392,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1885,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,419,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,419,1860]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 19. Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 2 cm; B. Detail showing the cribriporal pores, with a thick overhang. Scale: 4 mm; C. Thick section of sieved pores. Scale: 2 mm; D. Thick section showing skeletal organization of ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 100 µm; F. Protriaene. Scale: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280609/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D). Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4DFF92FDB5FEE0FD1EFEA8" box="[529,678,296,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4DFF92FDB5FEE0FD1EFEA8" box="[529,678,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">T. abyssorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except for the presence of many protriaenes (below the ectosome) and abundance of plesiasters, especially near the poral area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4DFF92FC9FFE85FC35FE8C" box="[827,909,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1885,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,419,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,419,1860]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 19. Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 2 cm; B. Detail showing the cribriporal pores, with a thick overhang. Scale: 4 mm; C. Thick section of sieved pores. Scale: 2 mm; D. Thick section showing skeletal organization of ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 100 µm; F. Protriaene. Scale: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280609/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AC16629DC4DFF92FF33F894FB5AF858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280609/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" targetBox="[151,1424,419,1859]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4DFF92FF33F894FB5AF858" blockId="36.[151,1436,1885,1968]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4DFF92FF33F894FE9AF89A" bold="true" box="[151,290,1885,1908]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4DFF92FE8EF894FE13F89B" box="[298,427,1885,1907]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4DFF92FE8EF894FE13F89B" box="[298,427,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Thenea levis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 2 cm; B. Detail showing the cribriporal pores, with a thick overhang. Scale: 4 mm; C. Thick section of sieved pores. Scale: 2 mm; D. Thick section showing skeletal organization of ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 100 µm; F. Protriaene. Scale: 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4CFF93FF63FF51FCADFE1D" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FF63FF51FE9CFF58" box="[199,292,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
(ZMBN 85230) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4CFF93FE4DFF5EFDFBFF47" box="[489,579,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[216,1384,193,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[216,1385,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Streptasters of Norwegian species of Thenea. Streptasters of Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Plesiaster; B. Spirasters; Streptasters of Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. C. Plesiaster. Same scale as A; D. spirasters. Streptasters of Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) [ZMBN 85231]. E. Plesiaster; F. Spiraster; Streptasters of Thenea valdiviae von Lendenfeld, 1907. G. Plesiaster [ZMBN 85257]; H. Spirasters. Same scale as E. [ZMBN 85233]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280608/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D, 19D–F). (a) oxeas, stout, straight or slightly bent, length: 3375-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FAECFF51FA2BFF58" box="[1352,1427,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">5311.5</emphasis>
|
||
- 7750 µm (N=13); width: 35-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FE4CFF75FDBCFF3C" box="[488,516,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">70</emphasis>
|
||
-95 µm (N=17). (b) dichotriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4CFF93FC39FF75FC4BFF3C" box="[925,1011,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1885,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,419,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,419,1860]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 19. Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 2 cm; B. Detail showing the cribriporal pores, with a thick overhang. Scale: 4 mm; C. Thick section of sieved pores. Scale: 2 mm; D. Thick section showing skeletal organization of ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 100 µm; F. Protriaene. Scale: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280609/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
D), straight rhabdome, length: 4500-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FF33FF29FF77FF10" box="[151,207,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">5187</emphasis>
|
||
-6500 µm (N=4); width: 33-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FDAFFF29FD84FF10" box="[523,572,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">58.6</emphasis>
|
||
-85 µm; protoclad length: 130-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FC30FF29FC6BFF10" box="[916,979,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">196.3</emphasis>
|
||
-260 µm; deuteroclad length: 230-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FAF0FF29FA2BFF10" box="[1364,1427,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">574.8</emphasis>
|
||
- 950 µm. (c) anatriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4CFF93FE64FECDFDACFEF4" box="[448,532,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1885,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,419,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,419,1860]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 19. Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 2 cm; B. Detail showing the cribriporal pores, with a thick overhang. Scale: 4 mm; C. Thick section of sieved pores. Scale: 2 mm; D. Thick section showing skeletal organization of ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 100 µm; F. Protriaene. Scale: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280609/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
E), straight rhabdome (which can become flexible at its end), many irregular swellings were observed on some rhabdomes, length up to 1,35 cm; rhabdome width: 5-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FB27FEE1FB0CFEA8" box="[1155,1204,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">14.4</emphasis>
|
||
-20 µm; clad length: 15-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FF18FE85FF4DFE8C" box="[188,245,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">111.9</emphasis>
|
||
-160 µm (N=14). A more or less developped swelling can be found above the cladome. (d) protriaenes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4CFF93FF3BFEA6FF4CFE6F" box="[159,244,367,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1885,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,419,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[151,1436,419,1860]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 19. Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. A. Whole specimen. Scale: 2 cm; B. Detail showing the cribriporal pores, with a thick overhang. Scale: 4 mm; C. Thick section of sieved pores. Scale: 2 mm; D. Thick section showing skeletal organization of ectosome. Scale: 1 mm; E. Anatriaene. Scale: 100 µm; F. Protriaene. Scale: 500 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280609/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
F), common, straight, rhabdome length: from 3825 µm to>5700 µm; rhabdome width: 40-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FAB1FEB9FAFEFE60" box="[1301,1350,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">54.1</emphasis>
|
||
-75 µm (N=18); clad length: 400-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FE1DFE5DFE40FE44" box="[441,504,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">609.6</emphasis>
|
||
-1200 µm (N=14). (e) spirasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4CFF93FCD6FE5DFC7BFE44" box="[882,963,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[216,1384,193,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[216,1385,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Streptasters of Norwegian species of Thenea. Streptasters of Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Plesiaster; B. Spirasters; Streptasters of Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. C. Plesiaster. Same scale as A; D. spirasters. Streptasters of Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) [ZMBN 85231]. E. Plesiaster; F. Spiraster; Streptasters of Thenea valdiviae von Lendenfeld, 1907. G. Plesiaster [ZMBN 85257]; H. Spirasters. Same scale as E. [ZMBN 85233]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280608/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
D), spined, length: 17,5-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FB7CFE5DFAB0FE44" box="[1240,1288,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">21,4</emphasis>
|
||
-29,1 µm. (f) plesiasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4CFF93FEB9FE7EFEC9FE27" box="[285,369,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[216,1384,193,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[216,1385,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Streptasters of Norwegian species of Thenea. Streptasters of Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Plesiaster; B. Spirasters; Streptasters of Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. C. Plesiaster. Same scale as A; D. spirasters. Streptasters of Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) [ZMBN 85231]. E. Plesiaster; F. Spiraster; Streptasters of Thenea valdiviae von Lendenfeld, 1907. G. Plesiaster [ZMBN 85257]; H. Spirasters. Same scale as E. [ZMBN 85233]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280608/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
C), very abundant, 3-6 actines, faintly spined (not visible with an optical microscope), actine length: 30-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FEB5FE15FEFAFE1C" box="[273,322,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">83,7</emphasis>
|
||
-145 µm; actine width: 4,2-
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FDD1FE15FD1FFE1C" box="[629,679,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">10,8</emphasis>
|
||
-24,3 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC4CFF93FF63FDC9FCDEF8F2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4CFF93FF63FDC9FD23FDB7" blockId="37.[151,1436,151,607]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FF63FDC9FEE8FDF0" box="[199,336,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4CFF93FEC0FE36FE06FDFF" box="[356,446,511,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[160,1413,679,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,661,1675]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 20. Geographical distribution of Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907. Localities from Steenstrup and Tendal (1982) and those from this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280610/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). South-East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4CFF93FDF9FE36FD6DFDFF" box="[605,725,511,535]" name="Greenland" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4CFF93FD41FE36FCF5FDFF" box="[741,845,511,535]" name="Denmark" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
Strait and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4CFF93FC72FE36FB90FDFF" box="[982,1064,511,535]" name="Iceland" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4CFF93FB98FE36FA37FDFF" author="Steenstrup" box="[1084,1423,511,535]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Steenstrup, E. & Tendal, O. S. (1982) The genus Thenea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Choristida) in the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters; an annotated key. Sarsia, 67, 259 - 268." type="journal article" year="1982">Steenstrup and Tendal, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4CFF93FF33FDECFF49FDD5" box="[151,241,549,573]" name="Norway" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
and western Barents Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4CFF93FD9AFDEDFC9BFDD4" author="Tendal" box="[574,803,548,572]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Tendal, O. S., Brattegard, T. & Rapp, H. T. (2001) Phylum Porifera, p. 36 - 51. In: Distribution of marine, benthic macroorganisms in Norway. A tabulated catalogue. - Research Report for DN 2001 - 3. Brattegard, T. & Holthe, T. (eds.). Directorate for Nature Management, Trondheim." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Tendal
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FD3EFDECFD62FDD4" box="[666,730,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study); north of Wyville Thomson Ridge (von
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4CFF93FF33FD8EFED8FDB7" author="Lendenfeld" box="[151,352,583,607]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="von Lendenfeld, R. (1907) Die Tetraxonia. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf der Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899, 11, i - iv, 59 - 374, pls IX - XLVI." type="journal article" year="1907">Lendenfeld, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Rockall Bank (this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7AC16629DC4CFF93FF33F969FE24F93D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280610/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" targetBox="[160,1413,679,1666]" targetPageId="37">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4CFF93FF33F969FE24F93D" blockId="37.[151,1436,1696,1749]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FF33F969FE99F95E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1696,1719]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4CFF93FDF6F968FD6AF95F" box="[594,722,1697,1719]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FDF6F968FD6AF95F" box="[594,722,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Thenea levis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
von Lendenfeld, 1907. Localities from Steenstrup and Tendal (1982) and those from this study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4CFF93FF63F8CBFCDEF8F2" blockId="37.[151,1436,1794,2035]" box="[199,870,1794,1818]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FF63F8CBFEABF8F2" box="[199,275,1794,1818]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Depth.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="E9469B44DC4CFF93FEBDF8CBFE1EF8F2" box="[281,422,1794,1818]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" metricValueMax="14.8" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="m" value="835.0" valueMax="1480.0" valueMin="190.0">190–1480 m</quantity>
|
||
(this study;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4CFF93FD95F8CBFCE1F8F2" author="Steenstrup" box="[561,857,1794,1818]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Steenstrup, E. & Tendal, O. S. (1982) The genus Thenea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Choristida) in the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters; an annotated key. Sarsia, 67, 259 - 268." type="journal article" year="1982">Steenstrup & Tendal 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66A4652ADC4CFF90FF63F8EEFCACFED7" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E0136A1DC4CFF90FF63F8EEFCACFED7" blockId="37.[151,1436,1794,2035]" lastBlockId="38.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FF63F8EEFEF1F8D6" box="[199,329,1831,1854]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
This is the first record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4CFF93FDC8F8EEFD03F8D6" box="[620,699,1830,1854]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FDC8F8EEFD03F8D6" box="[620,699,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">T. levis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Rockall Bank. These findings extend its geographical range to the south (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4CFF93FE9EF883FE2CF88A" box="[314,404,1866,1890]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1696,1719]" captionTargetBox="[160,1413,679,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@37.[151,1436,661,1675]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 20. Geographical distribution of Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907. Localities from Steenstrup and Tendal (1982) and those from this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280610/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4CFF93FD07F882FC9FF88A" box="[675,807,1867,1890]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FD07F882FC9FF88A" box="[675,807,1867,1890]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">T. muricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4CFF93FC23F883FC43F88A" box="[903,1019,1866,1890]" name="Greenland" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4CFF93FBA7F883FBEDF88A" box="[1027,1109,1866,1890]" name="Iceland" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
/southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4CFF93FB6EF882FA9CF88B" box="[1226,1316,1867,1891]" name="Norway" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
area, and sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4CFF93FEEEF8A6FE68F86E" box="[330,464,1902,1926]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FEEEF8A6FE68F86E" box="[330,464,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">T. valdiviae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56A97631DC4CFF93FDC5F8A6FD05F86F" box="[609,701,1903,1927]" name="Norway" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The spicules measured in our specimen (ZMBN 85230) fit the general redescription given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4A2F4B50DC4CFF93FDA3F85BFCD8F842" author="Steenstrup" box="[519,864,1938,1962]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" refString="Steenstrup, E. & Tendal, O. S. (1982) The genus Thenea (Porifera, Demospongiae, Choristida) in the Norwegian Sea and adjacent waters; an annotated key. Sarsia, 67, 259 - 268." type="journal article" year="1982">Steenstrup and Tendal (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
except for the presence of mesoprotriaenes and prodiaenes that we did not find. The plesiasters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4CFF93FD75F87EFC98F826" box="[721,800,1974,1998]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FD75F87EFC98F826" box="[721,800,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">T. levis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are on average as large as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4CFF93FBCAF87EFABBF826" box="[1134,1283,1974,1998]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FBCAF87EFABBF826" box="[1134,1283,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">T. abyssorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but there is a wider range of sizes and they are not strongly spined. The spirasters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4CFF93FC17F812FBB9F81A" box="[947,1025,2010,2034]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FC17F812FBB9F81A" box="[947,1025,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">T. levis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are smaller that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4CFF93FB7CF812FAD4F81A" box="[1240,1388,2010,2034]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4CFF93FB7CF812FAD4F81A" box="[1240,1388,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">T. abyssorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in the same size range as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4FFF90FE6BFF50FDF5FF58" box="[463,589,153,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4FFF90FE6BFF50FDF5FF58" box="[463,589,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">T. muricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4FFF90FD21FF50FCBFFF58" box="[645,775,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4FFF90FD21FF50FCBFFF58" box="[645,775,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">T. valdiviae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. SEM pictures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6852A24DC4FFF90FC19FF5EFBB5FF47" box="[957,1037,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1922,1945]" captionTargetBox="[216,1384,193,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[216,1385,193,1911]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Streptasters of Norwegian species of Thenea. Streptasters of Thenea abyssorum Koltun, 1964 [ZMBN 85228]. A. Plesiaster; B. Spirasters; Streptasters of Thenea levis von Lendenfeld, 1907 [ZMBN 85230]. C. Plesiaster. Same scale as A; D. spirasters. Streptasters of Thenea muricata (Bowerbank, 1858) [ZMBN 85231]. E. Plesiaster; F. Spiraster; Streptasters of Thenea valdiviae von Lendenfeld, 1907. G. Plesiaster [ZMBN 85257]; H. Spirasters. Same scale as E. [ZMBN 85233]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280608/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
) suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4FFF90FB0DFF50FB4FFF58" box="[1193,1271,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4FFF90FB0DFF50FB4FFF58" box="[1193,1271,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">T. levis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plesiasters are more delicately spined than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4FFF90FE74FF74FDF6FF3C" box="[464,590,189,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muricata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4FFF90FE74FF74FDF6FF3C" box="[464,590,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">T. muricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4FFF90FD20FF74FCBEFF3C" box="[644,774,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="valdiviae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4FFF90FD20FF74FCBEFF3C" box="[644,774,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">T. valdiviae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plesiasters: the spines are not only smaller but their density is higher, more uniform (same goes for the spirasters). However, to generalize this observation, one would need to look at many more specimens with the SEM. The distinctive elongated shape with longitudinal opposite poral and oscular areas may be used to identify
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9BE4D22DC4FFF90FD99FEE0FD31FEA8" box="[573,649,296,320]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theneidae" genus="Thenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="levis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CCAEAB3DC4FFF90FD99FEE0FD31FEA8" box="[573,649,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">T. levis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |