106 lines
21 KiB
XML
106 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="26041D0801730D9CADAE477767D9DB1D" ID-CLB-Dataset="46033" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02a757e8-6240-4baf-8f17-95a0a1cef56f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="250280" ID-ZooBank="898ABD42-FC45-4CA5-B67F-5D162BD67E50" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460407604574" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Straehler-Pohl, Ilka, Garm, Anders & Morandini, André C." docDate="2014" docId="A3588669FFAC212EFF2552F86C9E10A3" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03785p549.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3785 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Copula sivickisi Stiasny 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="536" masterDocId="5F61FE11FFAF212DFFB2511469191654" masterDocTitle="Sexual dimorphism in Tripedaliidae (Conant 1897) (Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Carybdeida)" masterLastPageNumber="549" masterPageNumber="533" pageNumber="536" updateTime="1698299992820" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2D3FFCEB32854AE4271309B8FD316664">
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<mods:title id="79392881E390DB9CB3C06DF01BBCA6CD">Sexual dimorphism in Tripedaliidae (Conant 1897) (Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Carybdeida)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="32E383A2F883961173EEEF93E84EA231" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A34B6223BE7F9013F403AB05B49C9929">Straehler-Pohl, Ilka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7DBD1B0585D6C1534FA54CF9A122B1C8">Garm, Anders</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="AED91566D2C09294EDB6243DC3C95EB9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BC6E70ADC6C6651B699D2DC4456930F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F676DACCC7459F0C1FFB611C34E1582C">Morandini, André C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="888AFA1C9E7A2A536B62B8997CCB9102">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7FA087457E6626BA69D2DC155AA9BF4C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6BA3E811EC878DFF917A7B3156C3DB39">
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<mods:date id="383620CA281BD2BF1471AFF66809D82A">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="91858A3CDB26DAC762ED0AD31796ACD2">3785</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D62C6592C6E118E9D9FD632830511C2F">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7F3F0A95666BFCB21E8082587A554033">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="B8E7692CB63B70DB1138962E113BF16F" type="CLB-Dataset">46033</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D6068AFDC50C420B2933D779BF8B9D0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A3588669FFAC212EFF2552F86C9E10A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6125845" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119422332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6125845" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A3588669FFAC212EFF2552F86C9E10A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3588669FFAC212EFF2552F86C9E10A3" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">
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<subSubSection id="63EB64F4FFAC212EFF2552F86B151252" box="[151,524,1004,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="536" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2B4E377FFFAC212EFF2552F86B151252" blockId="3.[151,524,1004,1030]" box="[151,524,1004,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">
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<heading id="70068013FFAC212EFF2552F86B151252" bold="true" box="[151,524,1004,1030]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="536" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAC212EFF2552F86B151252" ID-CoL="Y8YQ" authority="Stiasny 1926" authorityName="Stiasny" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,524,1004,1030]" class="Cubozoa" family="Tripedaliidae" genus="Copula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carybdeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="536" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sivickisi">
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<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAC212EFF2552F86B151252" bold="true" box="[151,524,1004,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAC212EFF2552F8684F1252" bold="true" box="[151,342,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Copula sivickisi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4F604A8EFFAC212EFED752F86B1D1252" author="Stiasny" box="[357,516,1004,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="536" refString="Stiasny, G. (1926) Uber einige Scyphomedusen von Puerto Galera, Mindoro (Philippinen). Zoologische Mededeelingen Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie in Leiden, 9, 239 - 248." type="journal article" year="1926">Stiasny 1926</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="63EB64F4FFAC212EFF2555266C9E10A3" pageId="3" pageNumber="536" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2B4E377FFFAC212EFF2555266A1212AB" blockId="3.[151,1436,1074,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAC212EFF25552668E6121F" bold="true" box="[151,511,1074,1099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Description of adult medusae.</emphasis>
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Bell blunt, pyramidal (slightly wider at bell opening and slightly narrower at top compared to bell height), highly transparent, slightly brownish, with white nematocyst warts (
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<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAC212EFB5055426C48123B" box="[1250,1361,1110,1135]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[196,1396,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1396,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Copula sivickisi (scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa, note purple tentacle stripes (live specimen). B: mature male gonads (live specimen). C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: adhesive pads on apex (preserved), note ivory coloured gastric phacellae shining through. E: rhopalial niche with keyhole-shaped opening and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure (in life). H: mature female medusa (in life). I: mature female gonads (in life). J: velarium of mature female medusa (preserved) with yellow “ velarial spots ”, colour due to preservation (vc / msp = velarial canals marked as maturity spots). K: velarium of mature female medusa (live specimen) with white “ velarial spots ” (photo provided by Ronald Petie)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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A, H). Nematocyst warts scattered on bell from apex to velarium. Bell apex flattened with no horizontal constriction near top, with 4 adhesive pads used to attach themselves to substrates when resting. Adhesive pads transparent, almost invisible in live specimens, but slightly opaque and visible in preserved medusae (
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<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAC212EFB8355D66D8B128F" box="[1073,1170,1218,1243]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[196,1396,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1396,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Copula sivickisi (scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa, note purple tentacle stripes (live specimen). B: mature male gonads (live specimen). C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: adhesive pads on apex (preserved), note ivory coloured gastric phacellae shining through. E: rhopalial niche with keyhole-shaped opening and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure (in life). H: mature female medusa (in life). I: mature female gonads (in life). J: velarium of mature female medusa (preserved) with yellow “ velarial spots ”, colour due to preservation (vc / msp = velarial canals marked as maturity spots). K: velarium of mature female medusa (live specimen) with white “ velarial spots ” (photo provided by Ronald Petie)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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D). Bell height up to
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<quantity id="EC099A9AFFAC212EFA3255D769DC12AA" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="536" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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, bell width ca.
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<quantity id="EC099A9AFFAC212EFEDD55F368A712AA" box="[367,446,1255,1279]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="536" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
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wide (interpedalial distance).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2B4E377FFFAC212EFF75541E6C8E13E7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1074,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">
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Pedalium, single, flattened, slender knife blade-shaped, ca. ½ the bell height in length (
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<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAC212EFB2D541E6C191377" box="[1183,1280,1290,1315]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[196,1396,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1396,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Copula sivickisi (scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa, note purple tentacle stripes (live specimen). B: mature male gonads (live specimen). C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: adhesive pads on apex (preserved), note ivory coloured gastric phacellae shining through. E: rhopalial niche with keyhole-shaped opening and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure (in life). H: mature female medusa (in life). I: mature female gonads (in life). J: velarium of mature female medusa (preserved) with yellow “ velarial spots ”, colour due to preservation (vc / msp = velarial canals marked as maturity spots). K: velarium of mature female medusa (live specimen) with white “ velarial spots ” (photo provided by Ronald Petie)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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F), situated in each interradial corner, with 3–7 broad, rectangular nematocyst bands on outer keel of pedalium, carrying single tentacle. Tentacles show typical striped pattern (also maintained in preserved specimens) of broad and thin bands of brightly purple (males) or brown-orange colour (males and females) and white nematocyst batteries (
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<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAC212EFAA554626C6313DB" box="[1303,1402,1398,1423]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[196,1396,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1396,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Copula sivickisi (scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa, note purple tentacle stripes (live specimen). B: mature male gonads (live specimen). C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: adhesive pads on apex (preserved), note ivory coloured gastric phacellae shining through. E: rhopalial niche with keyhole-shaped opening and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure (in life). H: mature female medusa (in life). I: mature female gonads (in life). J: velarium of mature female medusa (preserved) with yellow “ velarial spots ”, colour due to preservation (vc / msp = velarial canals marked as maturity spots). K: velarium of mature female medusa (live specimen) with white “ velarial spots ” (photo provided by Ronald Petie)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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G). Pedalial canal with rounded knee bend without any angle, hook or thorn appended to the outer knee bend (
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<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAC212EFAA8548E6C6013E7" box="[1306,1401,1434,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[196,1396,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1396,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Copula sivickisi (scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa, note purple tentacle stripes (live specimen). B: mature male gonads (live specimen). C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: adhesive pads on apex (preserved), note ivory coloured gastric phacellae shining through. E: rhopalial niche with keyhole-shaped opening and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure (in life). H: mature female medusa (in life). I: mature female gonads (in life). J: velarium of mature female medusa (preserved) with yellow “ velarial spots ”, colour due to preservation (vc / msp = velarial canals marked as maturity spots). K: velarium of mature female medusa (live specimen) with white “ velarial spots ” (photo provided by Ronald Petie)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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F).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2B4E377FFFAC212EFF7554AA69EB1017" blockId="3.[151,1436,1074,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">
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Rhopalium located inside rhopalial niche on each side of bell. Orifice vertical, longish keyhole-shaped with rounded closure at the top and being open at the bottom without any prominent covering scales (
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<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAC212EFB1F54F66C1013AF" box="[1197,1289,1506,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[196,1396,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1396,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Copula sivickisi (scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa, note purple tentacle stripes (live specimen). B: mature male gonads (live specimen). C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: adhesive pads on apex (preserved), note ivory coloured gastric phacellae shining through. E: rhopalial niche with keyhole-shaped opening and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure (in life). H: mature female medusa (in life). I: mature female gonads (in life). J: velarium of mature female medusa (preserved) with yellow “ velarial spots ”, colour due to preservation (vc / msp = velarial canals marked as maturity spots). K: velarium of mature female medusa (live specimen) with white “ velarial spots ” (photo provided by Ronald Petie)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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E), ca. 1/6 of bell height up from margin. Rhopalial horns thin and short, located above top end of rhopalial niche (
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<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAC212EFA9157126C9C104B" box="[1315,1413,1542,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[196,1396,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1396,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Copula sivickisi (scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa, note purple tentacle stripes (live specimen). B: mature male gonads (live specimen). C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: adhesive pads on apex (preserved), note ivory coloured gastric phacellae shining through. E: rhopalial niche with keyhole-shaped opening and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure (in life). H: mature female medusa (in life). I: mature female gonads (in life). J: velarium of mature female medusa (preserved) with yellow “ velarial spots ”, colour due to preservation (vc / msp = velarial canals marked as maturity spots). K: velarium of mature female medusa (live specimen) with white “ velarial spots ” (photo provided by Ronald Petie)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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E, arrows).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2B4E377FFFAC212EFF75575A6C9E10A3" blockId="3.[151,1436,1074,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">
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Velarium, containing 4 simple, broad velarial canals per quadrant (
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<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAC212EFC53575A6D4B1033" box="[993,1106,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[196,1396,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1396,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Copula sivickisi (scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa, note purple tentacle stripes (live specimen). B: mature male gonads (live specimen). C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: adhesive pads on apex (preserved), note ivory coloured gastric phacellae shining through. E: rhopalial niche with keyhole-shaped opening and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure (in life). H: mature female medusa (in life). I: mature female gonads (in life). J: velarium of mature female medusa (preserved) with yellow “ velarial spots ”, colour due to preservation (vc / msp = velarial canals marked as maturity spots). K: velarium of mature female medusa (live specimen) with white “ velarial spots ” (photo provided by Ronald Petie)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Figures 2</figureCitation>
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C, J). Four-lobed, cruciform manubrium, ca. 1/3 of bell height in length and connected to flat stomach; stomach communicates perradially with 4 gastric pouches leading into velar canals. Four horizontal, slightly concave gastric phacellae (
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<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAC212EFB6B57826C2510FB" box="[1241,1340,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[196,1396,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1396,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Copula sivickisi (scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa, note purple tentacle stripes (live specimen). B: mature male gonads (live specimen). C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: adhesive pads on apex (preserved), note ivory coloured gastric phacellae shining through. E: rhopalial niche with keyhole-shaped opening and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure (in life). H: mature female medusa (in life). I: mature female gonads (in life). J: velarium of mature female medusa (preserved) with yellow “ velarial spots ”, colour due to preservation (vc / msp = velarial canals marked as maturity spots). K: velarium of mature female medusa (live specimen) with white “ velarial spots ” (photo provided by Ronald Petie)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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D), each consist of ca. 40, simple, unbranched, vertically stacked gastric filaments. Gonads paired (hemigonads), separated by interradial septum, extending from stomach rim to upper third of the bell about manubrium level (
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<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAC212EFAB057CA6C7A10A3" box="[1282,1379,1758,1783]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[196,1396,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1396,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Copula sivickisi (scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa, note purple tentacle stripes (live specimen). B: mature male gonads (live specimen). C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: adhesive pads on apex (preserved), note ivory coloured gastric phacellae shining through. E: rhopalial niche with keyhole-shaped opening and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure (in life). H: mature female medusa (in life). I: mature female gonads (in life). J: velarium of mature female medusa (preserved) with yellow “ velarial spots ”, colour due to preservation (vc / msp = velarial canals marked as maturity spots). K: velarium of mature female medusa (live specimen) with white “ velarial spots ” (photo provided by Ronald Petie)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250282/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="536">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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H).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |