193 lines
36 KiB
XML
193 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="C854C50A61845F2A404E02485DBF2443" ID-CLB-Dataset="46033" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02a757e8-6240-4baf-8f17-95a0a1cef56f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="250280" ID-ZooBank="898ABD42-FC45-4CA5-B67F-5D162BD67E50" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460407604574" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Straehler-Pohl, Ilka, Garm, Anders & Morandini, André C." docDate="2014" docId="A3588669FFAA2128FF2553796D6B105E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03785p549.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3785 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tripedalia binata Moore 1988" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="538" masterDocId="5F61FE11FFAF212DFFB2511469191654" masterDocTitle="Sexual dimorphism in Tripedaliidae (Conant 1897) (Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Carybdeida)" masterLastPageNumber="549" masterPageNumber="533" pageNumber="538" updateTime="1698299992820" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="8CDC8806EE18745D9DEFEF4ECE4FEA37" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5F23B793ACA2F205A0E06F16B3D53B8B">
|
||
<mods:title id="7CD7D3701EFC698F3C605D6CD614AA7C">Sexual dimorphism in Tripedaliidae (Conant 1897) (Cnidaria, Cubozoa, Carybdeida)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="92A3D6B69D1ECC848D233FF921A51A54" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="74ADFB19AF5E3ED84BB7AB89034BDD00">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0F83DEB740E9DDD21BF1640F953481F4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5FF25FD86B9B76899797F20707E9DD57">Straehler-Pohl, Ilka</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B9BFA298D9A5E0FDBFBD4C3F5FF4ECC5" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="06419C6E1CAA773AB59D6120F886E526">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="ED4A31FDE533EA2F38D3BEFC3AB6E351">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0BEE6BAAB8BF88076E46570AA0046F8D">Garm, Anders</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="760585D89FAFE23DE02F5B056651422A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C087A9D847E6A3B97CF7819B52707DAD">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BC10ECD943E451A497ED922C7DF8E164">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D832CA736192A3D3940CF47374114D52">Morandini, André C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="E16BB09D8F331BE4EE442526D0474EB6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="6CD65B176817847DD2085CAA29B352C6" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="CDF1ACA84DF30C40401C695854018B37">
|
||
<mods:title id="E41C6CB9E728C25D14D0BB01E71D86C4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="669DD01EF53854E6E837E1A78D8BFDC7">
|
||
<mods:date id="9748FC27BA3B1347D7FD4D97D0C25990">2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6D2EC3428F1E6178C7EBF358FA0A0B18" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="59DCB2C6DFEAFADE8B42922525A2DC32">3785</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C51629B77E7A9DF4B673BFE3D549045E" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="3C1898961F40FC118DE689BA2662F0DA">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="1AC33A8ADF0C130CA3D16CD74F455D9F" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="264A907DE400687C3C51A6F92E91935D">533</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="2A39A6F98717F8D67C4762BD86705CA8">549</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="29F4B7D3F6E30EB2BCAE0FE6F52F8AE4">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="22020903EF7BA0E819644C01DBACB1AC" type="CLB-Dataset">46033</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A5C4022FF6BB486677A41C2A295915B6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3785.4.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DF6E52BC873858D4CDA3DCD874F5AA7C" type="GBIF-Dataset">02a757e8-6240-4baf-8f17-95a0a1cef56f</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="995FAA81B7A1297D6A1938E2E02F6024" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="012DF761376B2608579DAD3603C6F16E" type="Zenodo-Dep">250280</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C6065267ECFED0FCBD189AF188F3D7A4" type="ZooBank">898ABD42-FC45-4CA5-B67F-5D162BD67E50</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="A3588669FFAA2128FF2553796D6B105E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6125849" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119422335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6125849" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A3588669FFAA2128FF2553796D6B105E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A3588669FFAA2128FF2553796D6B105E" lastPageNumber="538" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<subSubSection id="63EB64F4FFAA2128FF2553796AF714D3" box="[151,1006,621,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B4E377FFFAA2128FF2553796AF714D3" blockId="5.[151,1006,621,647]" box="[151,1006,621,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<heading id="70068013FFAA2128FF2553796AF714D3" bold="true" box="[151,1006,621,647]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FF2553796AF714D3" bold="true" box="[151,1006,621,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FF2553796B1A14D3" authority="Moore 1988" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,515,621,647]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FF255379687F14D3" bold="true" box="[151,358,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia binata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F604A8EFFAA2128FEDC53796B1A14D3" author="Moore" box="[366,515,621,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" refString="Moore, S. J. (1988) A new species of cubomedusan (Cubozoa: Cnidaria) from Northern Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Northern Territory Museum of Arts and Sciences, 5 (1), 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1988">Moore 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FDF253796AF714D3" authority="Conant 1897" authorityName="Conant" authorityYear="1897" box="[576,1006,621,647]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FDF253796A5E14D3" bold="true" box="[576,839,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F604A8EFFAA2128FCFD53796AF714D3" author="Conant" box="[847,1006,621,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" refString="Conant, F. S. (1897) Notes on the Cubomedusae. Johns Hopkins University Circulars, 132, 8 - 10." type="journal article" year="1897">Conant 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="63EB64F4FFAA2128FF2553A66D6B105E" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2B4E377FFFAA2128FF2553A66BC615CF" blockId="5.[151,1436,690,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FF2553A66BFB149F" bold="true" box="[151,738,690,715]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Description and comparison of adult medusae.</emphasis>
|
||
Both species with cuboid bell, whitish transparent with a yellowish to brownish tinge in colour, with rounded edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FC9353C16A9314BA" box="[801,906,725,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[203,1366,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1366,193,1743]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tripedalia binata (two medusae from paratype material NTM C 2944 a – i; scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, stick-shaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: pedalium. E: epauletteshaped gastric phacellum. F: rhopalial niche and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). G: mature female medusa, note horizontal constriction near apex (arrows). H: mature, butterfly wing-shaped, female gonads. I: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc / msp = velarial canals). J: velarium of a specimen with further developed canal system giving the impression of more than 6 main canals per quadrant, note main canal 1 shows three, partly lobed branches (bracket encloses three branches), main canals 2 and 3 simple, main canal 4 shows one side branch, main canal 5 simple, main canal 6 shows lobation and the beginning of a second branch (f = frenulum; tb = tentacle base) (photo provided by A. Underwood)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, G;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FC7D53C16D2114BA" box="[975,1080,725,750]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tripedalia cystophora (preserved material, scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, butterfly wingshaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: stomach with epaulette-shaped gastric phacellae. E: rhopalial niche. F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure. H: mature female medusa. I: mature, longish-oval shaped, female gonads. J: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc = velarial canals)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250284/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figures 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A, H). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FB1053C16C7C14BA" box="[1186,1381,725,750]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FB1053C16C7C14BA" box="[1186,1381,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia binata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, bell sparsely covered with nematocyst warts, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FDCF53E36A6C1544" box="[637,885,759,784]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FDCF53E36A6C1544" box="[637,885,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nematocyst warts frame mainly bell outline from apex edge to velarium; apex of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FE4C520E6BDA1567" box="[510,707,794,819]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FE4C520E6BDA1567" box="[510,707,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia binata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flattened with slight horizontal constriction near the top (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FAE3520E69BA1502" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[203,1366,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1366,193,1743]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tripedalia binata (two medusae from paratype material NTM C 2944 a – i; scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, stick-shaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: pedalium. E: epauletteshaped gastric phacellum. F: rhopalial niche and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). G: mature female medusa, note horizontal constriction near apex (arrows). H: mature, butterfly wing-shaped, female gonads. I: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc / msp = velarial canals). J: velarium of a specimen with further developed canal system giving the impression of more than 6 main canals per quadrant, note main canal 1 shows three, partly lobed branches (bracket encloses three branches), main canals 2 and 3 simple, main canal 4 shows one side branch, main canal 5 simple, main canal 6 shows lobation and the beginning of a second branch (f = frenulum; tb = tentacle base) (photo provided by A. Underwood)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G, arrows), apex of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FE3F52296B901502" box="[397,649,829,854]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FE3F52296B901502" box="[397,649,829,854]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
slightly arched, no horizontal constriction; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FB1052296C711502" box="[1186,1384,829,854]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FB1052296C711502" box="[1186,1384,829,854]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia binata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bell heights up to
|
||
<quantity id="EC099A9AFFAA2128FE82527468991523" box="[304,384,864,888]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
|
||
, bell width up to
|
||
<quantity id="EC099A9AFFAA2128FDF752746B8D1523" box="[581,660,864,888]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
|
||
(interpedalia distance), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FC73524B6DA3152C" box="[961,1210,863,888]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FC73524B6DA3152C" box="[961,1210,863,888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bell height up to
|
||
<quantity id="EC099A9AFFAA2128FA32527469DC15CE" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
, bell width up to
|
||
<quantity id="EC099A9AFFAA2128FE3A529668CE15CE" box="[392,471,898,923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
(interpedalia distance).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B4E377FFFAA2128FF7552B26B7B1286" blockId="5.[151,1436,690,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Groups of two (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FE3952B16B4C15EA" box="[395,597,933,958]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FE3952B16B4C15EA" box="[395,597,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia binata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or three (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FD6F52B16AC215EA" box="[733,987,933,958]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FD6F52B16AC215EA" box="[733,987,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) flattened, slender knife-blade-shaped pedalia with one tentacle each located at interradial corner of bell rim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FC0352D36D0815B4" box="[945,1041,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[203,1366,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1366,193,1743]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tripedalia binata (two medusae from paratype material NTM C 2944 a – i; scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, stick-shaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: pedalium. E: epauletteshaped gastric phacellum. F: rhopalial niche and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). G: mature female medusa, note horizontal constriction near apex (arrows). H: mature, butterfly wing-shaped, female gonads. I: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc / msp = velarial canals). J: velarium of a specimen with further developed canal system giving the impression of more than 6 main canals per quadrant, note main canal 1 shows three, partly lobed branches (bracket encloses three branches), main canals 2 and 3 simple, main canal 4 shows one side branch, main canal 5 simple, main canal 6 shows lobation and the beginning of a second branch (f = frenulum; tb = tentacle base) (photo provided by A. Underwood)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FB8652D36D8A15B4" box="[1076,1171,967,992]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tripedalia cystophora (preserved material, scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, butterfly wingshaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: stomach with epaulette-shaped gastric phacellae. E: rhopalial niche. F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure. H: mature female medusa. I: mature, longish-oval shaped, female gonads. J: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc = velarial canals)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250284/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F); pedalia length ca. 1/ 2–2/3 bell height. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FE2252FE6B941257" box="[400,653,1002,1027]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FE2252FE6B941257" box="[400,653,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
outer wing keel length lined by nematocyst band. In both species, pedalial canals show slight bend, round knee; tentacles resemble string of beads with white (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FB1B55196C741272" box="[1193,1389,1037,1062]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FB1B55196C741272" box="[1193,1389,1037,1062]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia binata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FF25553B688B121C" box="[151,402,1071,1096]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FF25553B688B121C" box="[151,402,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) nematocyst batteries in life specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FCC6553B6AC0121C" box="[884,985,1071,1096]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tripedalia cystophora (preserved material, scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, butterfly wingshaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: stomach with epaulette-shaped gastric phacellae. E: rhopalial niche. F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure. H: mature female medusa. I: mature, longish-oval shaped, female gonads. J: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc = velarial canals)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250284/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Rhopalium located inside rhopalial niche cavity on each side of bell, 1/3 of bell height up from margin, (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FC7E55466D8B123F" box="[972,1170,1106,1131]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FC7E55466D8B123F" box="[972,1170,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia binata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FB1655466C1C123F" box="[1188,1285,1106,1131]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[203,1366,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1366,193,1743]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tripedalia binata (two medusae from paratype material NTM C 2944 a – i; scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, stick-shaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: pedalium. E: epauletteshaped gastric phacellum. F: rhopalial niche and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). G: mature female medusa, note horizontal constriction near apex (arrows). H: mature, butterfly wing-shaped, female gonads. I: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc / msp = velarial canals). J: velarium of a specimen with further developed canal system giving the impression of more than 6 main canals per quadrant, note main canal 1 shows three, partly lobed branches (bracket encloses three branches), main canals 2 and 3 simple, main canal 4 shows one side branch, main canal 5 simple, main canal 6 shows lobation and the beginning of a second branch (f = frenulum; tb = tentacle base) (photo provided by A. Underwood)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FA955546680A12DA" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FA955546680A12DA" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FE975561689112DA" box="[293,392,1141,1166]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tripedalia cystophora (preserved material, scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, butterfly wingshaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: stomach with epaulette-shaped gastric phacellae. E: rhopalial niche. F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure. H: mature female medusa. I: mature, longish-oval shaped, female gonads. J: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc = velarial canals)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250284/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E), niche forms a roof without upper nor lower covering scale. Short, very faint, “viking helmet-horn”-like rhopalial horns extend from top of rhopalial niche in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FC7A55836D9412E4" box="[968,1165,1175,1200]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FC7A55836D9412E4" box="[968,1165,1175,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia binata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FB2F55836DE412E4" box="[1181,1277,1175,1200]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[203,1366,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1366,193,1743]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tripedalia binata (two medusae from paratype material NTM C 2944 a – i; scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, stick-shaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: pedalium. E: epauletteshaped gastric phacellum. F: rhopalial niche and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). G: mature female medusa, note horizontal constriction near apex (arrows). H: mature, butterfly wing-shaped, female gonads. I: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc / msp = velarial canals). J: velarium of a specimen with further developed canal system giving the impression of more than 6 main canals per quadrant, note main canal 1 shows three, partly lobed branches (bracket encloses three branches), main canals 2 and 3 simple, main canal 4 shows one side branch, main canal 5 simple, main canal 6 shows lobation and the beginning of a second branch (f = frenulum; tb = tentacle base) (photo provided by A. Underwood)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F, arrows), no rhopalial horns in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FED155AE6B421287" box="[355,603,1210,1235]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cystophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FED155AE6B421287" box="[355,603,1210,1235]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia cystophora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B4E377FFFAA2128FF7555C96A2F130A" blockId="5.[151,1436,690,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Velarium, measuring ca. 1/5–1/6 width of bell base, containing 6, sharp-pointed-triangular velarial canals per quadrant in both species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FE0455EB6B39134C" box="[438,544,1279,1304]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[203,1366,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1366,193,1743]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tripedalia binata (two medusae from paratype material NTM C 2944 a – i; scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, stick-shaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: pedalium. E: epauletteshaped gastric phacellum. F: rhopalial niche and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). G: mature female medusa, note horizontal constriction near apex (arrows). H: mature, butterfly wing-shaped, female gonads. I: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc / msp = velarial canals). J: velarium of a specimen with further developed canal system giving the impression of more than 6 main canals per quadrant, note main canal 1 shows three, partly lobed branches (bracket encloses three branches), main canals 2 and 3 simple, main canal 4 shows one side branch, main canal 5 simple, main canal 6 shows lobation and the beginning of a second branch (f = frenulum; tb = tentacle base) (photo provided by A. Underwood)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C, I, J;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FDC555EB6BF9134C" box="[631,736,1279,1304]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1798,1820]" captionTargetBox="[196,1396,193,1774]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1396,193,1775]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Copula sivickisi (scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa, note purple tentacle stripes (live specimen). B: mature male gonads (live specimen). C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: adhesive pads on apex (preserved), note ivory coloured gastric phacellae shining through. E: rhopalial niche with keyhole-shaped opening and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure (in life). H: mature female medusa (in life). I: mature female gonads (in life). J: velarium of mature female medusa (preserved) with yellow “ velarial spots ”, colour due to preservation (vc / msp = velarial canals marked as maturity spots). K: velarium of mature female medusa (live specimen) with white “ velarial spots ” (photo provided by Ronald Petie)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250282/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, J), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECF14CFCFFAA2128FCF155EB6D1D134C" box="[835,1028,1279,1304]" class="Cubozoa" family="Carybdeidae" genus="Tripedalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cubomedusae" pageId="5" pageNumber="538" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="binata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1985EB6DFFAA2128FCF155EB6D1D134C" box="[835,1028,1279,1304]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Tripedalia binata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
main canals flanking pedalia and/or frenulae can grow branches or side canals in further development (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FCCC54366AC4136F" box="[894,989,1314,1339]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[203,1366,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1366,193,1743]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tripedalia binata (two medusae from paratype material NTM C 2944 a – i; scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, stick-shaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: pedalium. E: epauletteshaped gastric phacellum. F: rhopalial niche and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). G: mature female medusa, note horizontal constriction near apex (arrows). H: mature, butterfly wing-shaped, female gonads. I: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc / msp = velarial canals). J: velarium of a specimen with further developed canal system giving the impression of more than 6 main canals per quadrant, note main canal 1 shows three, partly lobed branches (bracket encloses three branches), main canals 2 and 3 simple, main canal 4 shows one side branch, main canal 5 simple, main canal 6 shows lobation and the beginning of a second branch (f = frenulum; tb = tentacle base) (photo provided by A. Underwood)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
J). Mature females in both species show stark white coloured velarial canal tips (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FDF954516BB1130A" box="[587,680,1349,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[203,1366,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1366,193,1743]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tripedalia binata (two medusae from paratype material NTM C 2944 a – i; scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, stick-shaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: pedalium. E: epauletteshaped gastric phacellum. F: rhopalial niche and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). G: mature female medusa, note horizontal constriction near apex (arrows). H: mature, butterfly wing-shaped, female gonads. I: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc / msp = velarial canals). J: velarium of a specimen with further developed canal system giving the impression of more than 6 main canals per quadrant, note main canal 1 shows three, partly lobed branches (bracket encloses three branches), main canals 2 and 3 simple, main canal 4 shows one side branch, main canal 5 simple, main canal 6 shows lobation and the beginning of a second branch (f = frenulum; tb = tentacle base) (photo provided by A. Underwood)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<date id="5F4F11BFFFAA2128FD2854526BB1130A" box="[666,680,1350,1374]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">3</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FD7254516A04130A" box="[704,797,1349,1374]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tripedalia cystophora (preserved material, scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, butterfly wingshaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: stomach with epaulette-shaped gastric phacellae. E: rhopalial niche. F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure. H: mature female medusa. I: mature, longish-oval shaped, female gonads. J: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc = velarial canals)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250284/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B4E377FFFAA2128FF75547C680E1392" blockId="5.[151,1436,690,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">
|
||
In both species, long, four-lobed manubrium, 1/2 to 3/4 bell height in length; small, flat stomach communicating with 4 gastric pouches leading into velarial canals. Gastric phacellae in both species epaulette-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FA91549E6C9B13F7" box="[1315,1410,1418,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1771,1793]" captionTargetBox="[203,1366,193,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[203,1366,193,1743]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tripedalia binata (two medusae from paratype material NTM C 2944 a – i; scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, stick-shaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: pedalium. E: epauletteshaped gastric phacellum. F: rhopalial niche and rhopalial horns (arrows, horn contours outlined by hand). G: mature female medusa, note horizontal constriction near apex (arrows). H: mature, butterfly wing-shaped, female gonads. I: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc / msp = velarial canals). J: velarium of a specimen with further developed canal system giving the impression of more than 6 main canals per quadrant, note main canal 1 shows three, partly lobed branches (bracket encloses three branches), main canals 2 and 3 simple, main canal 4 shows one side branch, main canal 5 simple, main canal 6 shows lobation and the beginning of a second branch (f = frenulum; tb = tentacle base) (photo provided by A. Underwood)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250283/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B3CA2BFAFFAA2128FF2554B969ED1392" box="[151,244,1453,1478]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1720]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tripedalia cystophora (preserved material, scales: 1 mm). A: mature male medusa. B: mature, butterfly wingshaped, male gonads. C: velarium of mature male medusa (vc = velarial canals). D: stomach with epaulette-shaped gastric phacellae. E: rhopalial niche. F: pedalium. G: tentacle structure. H: mature female medusa. I: mature, longish-oval shaped, female gonads. J: velarium of mature female medusa, note conspicuously white tips of velarial canals (vc = velarial canals)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250284/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2B4E377FFFAA2128FF7554DB6D6B105E" blockId="5.[151,1436,690,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="538">Gonads located in gastric pouches, generally butterfly-shaped and separated by interradial septum, centres of gonad “wings” attached to septum, canal system connects gonad “wings” through septum.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |