169 lines
14 KiB
XML
169 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4882baaf-3747-4865-87e1-49e725955118" ID-PMC="PMC3361087" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-195-1" ID-PubMed="22679386" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-195-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 195" ModsDocTitle="The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae)" checkinTime="1451249010182" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Miller, Jeremy A., Griswold, Charles E., Scharff, Nikolaj, Řezac, Milan, Szűts, Tamas & Marhabaie, Mohammad" docDate="2012" docId="A356A4B0FFA1958E9FB85C7BC75F4C6C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 195: 1-144" docOrigin="ZooKeys 195" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342" docTitle="Paradonea variegata" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="FFABFFD09B65FF5EFFA6FFE4FFE1FFC2" masterDocTitle="The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="70" updateTime="1668153919305" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miller, Jeremy A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Griswold, Charles E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scharff, Nikolaj</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Řezac, Milan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Szűts, Tamas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marhabaie, Mohammad</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>195</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>144</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-195-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035676" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A356A4B0FFA1958E9FB85C7BC75F4C6C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A356A4B0FFA1958E9FB85C7BC75F4C6C" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Paradonea_variegata" authority="Purcell" class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Paradonea variegata (Purcell)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 2G, H10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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14B, C18B, E6971
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Adonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adonea variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Adonea variegata</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Purcell, WF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="115 - 173" title="Descriptions of new genera and species of South African spiders." url="10.1080/21560382.1904.9626437" volume="15" year="1904">Purcell 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 137, pl. 10, fig. 7;
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<bibRefCitation author="Lehtinen, PT" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici Fennici" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="199 - 468" title="Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families." volume="4" year="1967">Lehtinen 1967</bibRefCitation>
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: 461, figs 457, 459.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Paradonea variegata</taxonomicName>
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(Purcell, 1904).
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<bibRefCitation author="Lawrence, RF" journalOrPublisher="Annales of the Natal Museum" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="109 - 121" title="Four new spiders from southern Africa (Araneae)." volume="20" year="1968">Lawrence 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 116.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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Male distinguished from other eresids except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea presleyi" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="presleyi">Paradonea presleyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by the conductor, which bears a helical ridge fringed with distinct papillae (Figs 14B, C, 69G, H); distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea presleyi" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="presleyi">Paradonea presleyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by the mesally excavated chelicerae (Fig. 69C; contiguous in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea presleyi" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="presleyi">Paradonea presleyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., Fig. 70I), the dorsal abdominal pattern (Fig. 69A), the median eye group, which has only slight overlap on the vertical axis (Figs 10E, 69C; significant overlap in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea presleyi" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="presleyi">Paradonea presleyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., Fig. 70I), and the relatively more narrow and long shape of the conductor (Fig. 14B, C; compare with Fig. 14J, L). Female distinguished from other eresids except members of the
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
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group by the large, bulbous spermathecal head (Fig. 18E); distinguished from the
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
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group by the larger size difference
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<pageBreakToken pageId="70" pageNumber="71" start="start">between</pageBreakToken>
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the AME and PME (AME/PME ca. 0.5 in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Paradonea variegata</taxonomicName>
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, Fig. 69F;>0.6 in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Eresus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eresus sandaliatus" order="Araneae" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandaliatus">Eresus sandaliatus</taxonomicName>
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group, Fig. 9C) and by the overall lighter color (Fig. 69D; compare with Fig. 43E). Note that interpretation of the female reproductive duct characters for
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Paradonea variegata</taxonomicName>
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is based on light microscopy, not SEM, and must therefore be regarded as tentative.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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Male (Breekkierie Dunes, South Africa, C1062, SAM): Carapace with some white setae, especially around margin of thoracic region, cephalic region subtriangular, longer than wide, moderately raised; AME distinctly smaller than PME (AME/PME 0.52), median eyes adjacent on horizontal axis, some overlap on vertical axis; ALE tubercles absent; PER much narrower than AER (PER/AER 0.86), PLE position on carapace 0.31, clypeal hood forms a slightly less than 90° angle; fovea shallow. Chelicerae with lateral boss, excavated mesally. Legs with some white setae; with row of distal ventral macrosetae on metatarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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and scattered ventral macrosetae
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<pageBreakToken pageId="71" pageNumber="72" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
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metatarsus and tarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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. Dorsal surface of abdomen thickly covered in white setae except for central irregular oblong dark patch (Figs 10E, F, 69
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Male palp with proximal-distal axis; tegulum bulbous; conductor and embolus together form apical complex running more or less distally; conductor moderately sclerotized with helical ridge fringed with distinct papillae, hooked distally; tegular division longer than embolic division; cymbium with several prolateral macrosetae (Figs 14B, C, 69G, H).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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Female (Steinkopf, South Africa, ZMB 26964, ZMHB): Carapace with patches of white setae; cephalic region subtrapezoidal, longer than wide, moderately raised; AME distinctly smaller than PME (AME/PME 0.48), median eyes with some overlap on horizontal axis, some overlap on vertical axis; ALE on small tubercles; PER slightly narrower than AER (PER/AER 0.93), PLE position on carapace 0.31; clypeal hood forms acute angle; fovea moderately deep. Chelicerae contiguous mesally, with lateral boss. Legs without conspicuous white setae; legs with row of distal ventral macrosetae on metatarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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and numerous ventral macrosetae on metatarsus and tarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–IV">II-IV</normalizedToken>
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. Abdomen with numerous white setae (Figs 10G, H, 69
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Epigynum with slightly converging slit-like atria copulatory converging slits occupying ca. the posterior half, median lobe subtrapezoidal, nearly as long as wide, deeply recessed within epigynum (Fig. 18B). Vulva with bulbous lobes slightly converging anteriorly (presumably bearing the spermathecal heads) and multilobed spermathecae posteriorly (Fig. 18E).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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Figure 69.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Paradonea variegata</taxonomicName>
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.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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male from Breekkierie Dunes, Northern Cape, South Africa (C1062, SAM)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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female from Steinkopf, South Africa (ZMB 26964, ZMHB)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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habitus of male, photomicrographs
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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habitus of female photomicrographs
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–H">G-H</normalizedToken>
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illustrations of left male palp A, D dorsal view B, E ventral view C, F anterior view G prolateral view H retrolateral view. C conductor ST subtegulum T tegulum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="natural history">
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Natural history.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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Known from savanna and semiarid desert. They build silken tubes under stones or under shrubs. Sometimes, spiders build a round web approximately 10 cm in diameter that may be covered with sand and herbal debris. Juveniles feed on their
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<normalizedToken originalValue="mother’s">mother's</normalizedToken>
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corpse before dispersing (cf. Fig. 3D). Adults appear around December, juveniles disperse in October (Martin Forman, personal observation).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |