320 lines
28 KiB
XML
320 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2108" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7726d63c-7218-4f24-bb5c-da8ae55535f5" ID-PMC="PMC3253632" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-160-73" ID-PubMed="22303121" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-160-73" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 160" ModsDocTitle="New genus and species of broad-nosed weevils from Baltic amber and notes on fossils of the subfamily Entiminae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)" checkinTime="1451249417750" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yunakov, Nikolai N. & Kirejtshuk, Alexander G." docDate="2011" docId="A2E5BE6118B24A8134798372417E1C07" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 160: 73-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 160" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2108" docTitle="Arostropsis groehni Yunakov & Kirejtshuk, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="5A42FFA03B07FFE1FFCAFFA5C95AFFE0" masterDocTitle="New genus and species of broad-nosed weevils from Baltic amber and notes on fossils of the subfamily Entiminae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="73" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1668153115801" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New genus and species of broad-nosed weevils from Baltic amber and notes on fossils of the subfamily Entiminae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yunakov, Nikolai N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kirejtshuk, Alexander G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>160</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>73</mods:start>
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<mods:end>96</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2108</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2108</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-160-73</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032882" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25FBCC0C-8376-41C7-A86E-F024B1541EEC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2E5BE6118B24A8134798372417E1C07" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25FBCC0C-8376-41C7-A86E-F024B1541EEC" authority="Yunakov & Kirejtshuk" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis groehni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groehni">Arostropsis groehni Yunakov & Kirejtshuk</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="76">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1-16
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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Holotype "C 7968, GPIH 4516", male (GPIH); the complete beetle with a clear integument is included in an irregular parallelepiped with the largest plane about 18.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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14.0 mm and the smallest one 11.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7.0 mm; amber matter on right side from the beetle is rather homogeneous, but that from the left side of the inclusion consists of some layers, in which between the borders is a fine net of dark (almost blackish) organic matter.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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The epithet of the new species is formed from the name of Carsten
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gröhn">Groehn</normalizedToken>
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, collector of its holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="type strata">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Type strata.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Baltic Amber; Upper Eocene, Prussian Formation.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Baltic Sea coast and Amber quarry Jantarny near Kaliningrad (formerly Koenigsberg), Kaliningrad region, Russia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="3" pageNumber="76" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Length 6.4, width 1.8, height 1.3 mm. Body slender, distinctly depressed from above. Pronotum and elytra strongly carinate at sides. Integument densely covered with small, apparently metallic, lanceolate (apparently green) scales at both sides of body and legs.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">
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Head. Rostrum 1.5 times as long as wide, narrow, distinctly narrower than head capsule, laterally depressed. Pterygia weakly extending beyond lateral contour of rostrum. Epistomal area not depressed. Lateral edges of epifrons at middle convex, narrowed towards middle, then parallel-sided, without basal, transverse depression or sulcus. Median sulcus shallow, extending towards pit between eyes, not continuing towards vertex. Head capsule not constricted beyond eyes. Frons distinctly convex, almost twice as wide as epifrons at level of antennal insertions. Maximum width of head at posterior part of eyes. Scape comparatively short, about 1/4 as long as funicle, strongly expanded apically, somewhat compressed dorsoventrally, not extending beyond anterior third of eyes, directed obliquely downwards in folded state. Funicle slender; all segments elongate, funicular segment 1 about three times as long as wide, 2nd about two times as long as wide, 3rd about 1.5 times as long as wide; 4th-5th about two times as long as wide, segments
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="77" start="start">6</pageBreakToken>
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-7 about 1.5 times as long as wide. Club spindle-shaped and comparatively thin, with distinctly separated segments, about as long as funicular segments 1-7 together. Mandibles entirely bare (without scales), moderately extended beyond buccal cavity. The only remaining left mandibular process knife-shaped, in apical third slightly curved inward, without internal prominences, about 1.5 times as long as protruding part of mandibles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="4" pageNumber="77">
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Pronotum elongate, almost parallel-sided, with anterior and posterior constrictions widely expressed, weakly and evenly convex at sides, with disc weakly convex transversely
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="78" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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anterior edge curving upward; posterior edge slightly bisinuate; posterior angles widely rounded and somewhat projecting posteriorly; anterior edge nearly straight.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="78">Elytra elongate, about 4.5 times as long as wide, parallel-sided, humeral prominences distinct (Fig. 8, hp), basal edge of elytra biconvex opposite the posterior pronotal depressions. Elytral declivity gently sloping (Fig. 7).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="6" pageNumber="79">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="79" start="start">Legs</pageBreakToken>
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slender. Femora slender, elongate, obtuse, weakly swollen in apical third. Tibiae slender and elongate. Protibiae gently curved inwards in apical third; with anterior row of thin spines. Metatibiae subflattened and with inner edge sinuate at apical third. Corbels open (Figs 6, cb; 8), without additional row of spines. Tarsi slender, setaceous, pelma well-developed (term after
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<bibRefCitation author="Doyen, JT" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous publications of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="86" pagination="103 - 150" title="The Skeletal Anatomy of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." volume="5" year="1966">Doyen 1966</bibRefCitation>
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). Tarsomere 1 almost as long as
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="80" start="start">tarsomeres</pageBreakToken>
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2-3 combined. Ultimate tarsomere extended beyond lobes of tarsomere 3 by length of last one. Claws free. Procoxae comparatively small, situated in middle of prothorax (Fig. 8).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
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Figures 1-6.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis groehni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groehni">Arostropsis groehni</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp.n. 1 body, dorsal view 2 body, lateral view 3 body, ventro-lateral view 4 head, dorsal view 5 protarsi 6 metatibia apex. Abbreviations: cb - corbel, ma - mandibular process. Body length: 6.4 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
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Figures 7-8.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis groehni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groehni">Arostropsis groehni</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp.n. 7 body outline, lateral view 8 idem, ventro-lateral view (anterior and middle limbs removed). Abbreviations: ed elytral declivity, hp humeral prominence, lr lateral ridge, ma mandibular process. Body length: 6.4 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
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Figures 9-12.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis groehni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groehni">Arostropsis groehni</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp.n. 9 head, antero-lateral view 10 idem, antero-dorsal view 11 head and prothorax, lateral view 12 antenna, lateral view. Abbreviations: lr lateral ridge, ma mandibular process. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="80">
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Figures 13-18. Species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lepropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepropus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lepropus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Naupactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naupactus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Naupactus</taxonomicName>
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, details. Figs 17 and 18 (modified from
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<bibRefCitation author="Thompson, RT" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="87" pagination="835 - 891" title="Observations on the morphology and classification of weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) with a key to major groups." url="doi: 10.1080/00222939200770511" volume="26" year="1992">Thompson 1992</bibRefCitation>
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). 13-16.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis groehni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="groehni">Arostropsis groehni</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. 13 base of pronotum and elytra 14 epistome 15 epipleural margin of elytra 16 protarsus 17
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lepropus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepropus rutilans" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Lepropus rutilans</taxonomicName>
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(Olivier, 1807) (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanymecini">Tanymecini</taxonomicName>
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), mandibular processes dentate 18
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Naupactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naupactus fatuus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fatuus">Naupactus fatuus</taxonomicName>
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Boheman, 1833, mandibular processes simple (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="80" rank="tribe" tribe="Naupactini">Naupactini</taxonomicName>
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). Abbreviations: dc dorsal carina of mandibular process, ibt interobasal tooth of mandibular process, es epistomal setae, ma mandibular process. Scale bar: 1 mm (Figs 13, 15); 0.5 mm (Figs 14, 16); not in scale (Figs 17, 18).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="81" type="comparison with recent genera">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="81" start="start">Comparison</pageBreakToken>
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with recent genera.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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The new genus differs from all recent genera of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Naupactini">Naupactini</taxonomicName>
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with open corbels and procoxae not completely separated from the prosternum (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mesagroicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mesagroicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mesagroicus</taxonomicName>
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Schoenherr, 1840,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Eurymetopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eurymetopus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eurymetopus</taxonomicName>
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Schoenherr, 1840,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Melanocyphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanocyphus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Melanocyphus</taxonomicName>
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Jekel, 1875,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Trichonaupactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trichonaupactus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trichonaupactus</taxonomicName>
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Hustache, 1939) in the following characters: short and depressed scape, rostrum narrow, epistomal area weakly setose, epifrons with a weakly developed median depression and vertex with very small fossa, not continuing to occiput.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="81" type="comparison with baltic amber entimine genera">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">Comparison with Baltic amber entimine genera.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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Since
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. has free claws, only two other fossil genera,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Paonaupactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paonaupactus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paonaupactus</taxonomicName>
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Voss, 1953 and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Protonaupactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protonaupactus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protonaupactus</taxonomicName>
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Zherikhin, 1971, share the same character state and can be compared with the new genus.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. strongly differs from both
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Paonaupactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paonaupactus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paonaupactus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Protonaupactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protonaupactus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protonaupactus</taxonomicName>
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in the following characters given in the key below.
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</paragraph>
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<subSection pageId="8" pageNumber="81" type="key to baltic amber genera of entiminae with free claws">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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Key to Baltic amber genera of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entiminae">Entiminae</taxonomicName>
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with free claws
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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<table pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">ndstth</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">ndstth</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Protonaupactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Protonaupactus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Protonaupactus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Paonaupactus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paonaupactus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paonaupactus</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<subSection pageId="8" pageNumber="81" type="systematic position">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">Systematic position</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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This new genus is undoubtedly a member of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entiminae">Entiminae</taxonomicName>
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due to the presence of mandibular processes. Due to structural characters: mandibular processes long, knife-shaped (ibt not developed) - claws free, vertex and epifrons combined in uniform structure without transverse sulcus before eyes, the new genus could be assigned to the tribes
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Naupactini">Naupactini</taxonomicName>
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or
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Geonemini">Geonemini</taxonomicName>
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Gistel, 1848. Emden separated these groups from other
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘brachyderoid’">'brachyderoid'</normalizedToken>
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tribes of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entiminae">Entiminae</taxonomicName>
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with free claws (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanymecini">Tanymecini</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Anypotactini">Anypotactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by the following characters (Table 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="1A20E2CC5A34F7A27C41FE69BB935952" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/1A20E2CC5A34F7A27C41FE69BB935952" pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Table 1. Basic morphological characters of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘brachyderoid’">'brachyderoid'</normalizedToken>
|
||
tribes of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entiminae">Entiminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with free claws in comparison with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen.n.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<table pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<tr pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Geonemini">Geonemini</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Naupactini">Naupactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanymecini">Tanymecini</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Anypotactini">Anypotactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The position of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is tested following the table:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Presumption 1 (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Geonemini">Geonemini</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen.n. lacks the key characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Geonemini">Geonemini</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as: evenly sloping lateral edges of epifrons, very narrow vertex and anterior position of procoxae. Consequently this genus cannot be assigned to this tribe..
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Presumption 2 (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanymecini">Tanymecini</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. n. could not be considered in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanymecini">Tanymecini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to absence of postocular vibrissae at the prothorax. The amount of vibrissae varies from genus to genus within
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanymecini">Tanymecini</taxonomicName>
|
||
but at least a few vibrissae are present (some
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pandeleteius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pandeleteius" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pandeleteius</taxonomicName>
|
||
). We do not know any case in which vibrissae are completely absent, so it is unlikely that
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanymecini">Tanymecini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Presumption 3 (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Anypotactini">Anypotactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Due to absence of transverse sulcus between vertex and epifrons and U-shaped epistome in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is impossible to consider this genus within
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Anypotactini">Anypotactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Presumption 4 (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Naupactini">Naupactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The strictly lateral position of the eyes, flattened epifrons and very broad vertex resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
within
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Naupactini">Naupactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, the shape of the rostrum is very different from that of any known member of this tribe. This transformation of rostrum probably resulted in reduction of the frontal fossa (Fig. 10) that is normally (in genera with broad rostrum) deep, long and continuing from the anterior portion of epifrons to the occiput. Such head shape together with the unusual slender body makes it difficult to recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Arostropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Arostropsis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arostropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a member of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" rank="tribe" tribe="Naupactini">Naupactini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||
Probable bionomy. The long legs and well developed tarsal pelma (term after
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Doyen, JT" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous publications of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="86" pagination="103 - 150" title="The Skeletal Anatomy of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)." volume="5" year="1966">Doyen 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of the new species suggests that this beetle was capable of running swiftly between leaves and, therefore, it was likely a canopy-dweller.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |