246 lines
41 KiB
XML
246 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="49870091D10CB5363593E3F34850D424" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00844.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5408589" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630349144448" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Adnet, Sylvain, Cappetta, Henri, Guinot, Guillaume & Sciara, Giuseppe Notarbartolo Di" docDate="2012" docId="A260879AFFCBA21BFF6D8EDB30080353" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2012.00844.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2012.00844.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Oromobula dakhlaensis Adnet & Cappetta & Guinot & Sciara 2012, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="5E59FFE2FFC6A214FFD68A4B313F043C" masterDocTitle="Evolutionary history of the devilrays (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) from fossil and morphological inference" masterLastPageNumber="159" masterPageNumber="132" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1699240823188" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3757C588EE01AD8D26D3094F968A81A4">Evolutionary history of the devilrays (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes) from fossil and morphological inference</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="669C40AB811C652E9ACEA1D4E2002651">Adnet, Sylvain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8F3123FE798876521046EEBEEBCBC654">Cappetta, Henri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="91E1B9B574F461B6231281929C11A195">Guinot, Guillaume</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4C6CF514C85EFC0A5E3C409585F8CDC4">Sciara, Giuseppe Notarbartolo Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9683F84459EDD85AC72530494C959D62">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F5F7F3EF96AF54121FED0EE8A2E5C44F">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E7CF8F2DCBBD2F72A1A781E668E353CE">2015-07-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9F96447CBAABA5151CBB5C38911F5137">166</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="62D36507FFCBA219FF6D8EDB33F5009A" box="[187,714,1168,1190]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A76368CFFCBA219FF6D8EDB33F5009A" blockId="13.[187,714,1168,1190]" box="[187,714,1168,1190]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
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<heading id="713E81E0FFCBA219FF6D8EDB33F5009A" box="[187,714,1168,1190]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFCBA219FF6D8EDB30C30099" authority="Adnet & Cappetta & Guinot & Sciara, 2012" authorityName="Adnet & Cappetta & Guinot & Sciara" authorityYear="2012" box="[187,508,1168,1189]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Oromobula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dakhlaensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">OROMOBULA DAKHLAENSIS</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FDD08EDF33540099" bold="true" box="[518,619,1168,1189]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="038E57E5FFCBA219FDD08EDF33540099" box="[518,619,1168,1189]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FDA88EDB33FD009A" box="[638,706,1168,1190]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">FIG. 6</figureCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62D36507FFCBA21BFF468EF330080353" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2A76368CFFCBA219FF468EF3337F0136" blockId="13.[144,759,1207,1290]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FF468EF3301800F0" box="[144,295,1207,1229]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Type locality:</emphasis>
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DAK3. Unit 2, level B2; from two sites south of Ad Dakhla (
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<quantity id="ED319B69FFCBA219FE438E9E30CF00D7" box="[405,496,1237,1259]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" unit="km" value="35.5">35.5 km</quantity>
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and
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<quantity id="ED319B69FFCBA219FDE18E9E33AA00D7" box="[567,661,1237,1259]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" unit="km" value="41.5">41.5 km</quantity>
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), southwestern
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<collectingCountry id="52DE761CFFCBA219FF228EBE306E0136" box="[244,337,1269,1290]" name="Morocco" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4E584B7DFFCBA219FEB48EBF330A0136" author="Adnet S & Cappetta H & Tabuce R" box="[354,565,1268,1290]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" pagination="860 - 870" refId="ref16589" refString="Adnet S, Cappetta H, Tabuce R. 2010. A Middle-Late Eocene vertebrate fauna (marine fish and mammals) from southwestern Morocco; preliminary report: age and palaeobiogeographical implications. Geological Magazine 147: 860 - 870." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Adnet
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<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FE648EBE30DD0135" box="[434,482,1268,1290]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A76368CFFCBA219FF468F7933C80159" blockId="13.[144,759,1329,1382]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FF468F79300E017A" box="[144,305,1329,1351]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Type horizon:</emphasis>
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Samlat Formation, Gerran member (
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<bibRefCitation id="4E584B7DFFCBA219FF418F1B3066015A" author="Ratschiller LK" box="[151,345,1360,1382]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" pagination="55 - 190" refId="ref19042" refString="Ratschiller LK. 1967. Sahara, correlazioni geologicolithostratigrafiche fra Sahara Centrale ed Occidentale (con note gologiche generali e brevi cenni sulle possibilita dell'Africa Nord-Occidentale). Memorie del Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali 16: 55 - 190." type="journal article" year="1967">Ratschiller, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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) – late Middle Eocene/Late Eocene.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A76368CFFCBA219FF468FC531FA01FE" blockId="13.[144,759,1421,1474]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FF468FC53033019F" box="[144,268,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Synonymy:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFCBA219FECD8FC6309F019F" box="[283,416,1421,1443]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Mobula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FECD8FC6304D019E" box="[283,370,1421,1442]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Mobula</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="4E584B7DFFCBA219FE608FC633B0019F" author="Adnet S & Cappetta H & Tabuce R" box="[438,655,1421,1443]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" pagination="860 - 870" refId="ref16589" refString="Adnet S, Cappetta H, Tabuce R. 2010. A Middle-Late Eocene vertebrate fauna (marine fish and mammals) from southwestern Morocco; preliminary report: age and palaeobiogeographical implications. Geological Magazine 147: 860 - 870." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Adnet
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<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FDDC8FC53305019E" box="[522,570,1421,1443]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
) in text only.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A76368CFFCBA219FF468FA2333A0221" blockId="13.[144,759,1513,1566]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FF468FA2303201C2" box="[144,269,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Etymology:</emphasis>
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Species named after the peninsula of Dakhla, south-western
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<collectingCountry id="52DE761CFFCBA219FE768C43333E0221" box="[416,513,1544,1565]" name="Morocco" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Morocco</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A76368CFFCBA219FF468C0E332E0267" blockId="13.[144,529,1605,1627]" box="[144,529,1605,1627]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FF468C0E31C50266" box="[144,250,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
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<typeStatus id="F572882EFFCBA219FF468C0E31CB0266" box="[144,244,1605,1626]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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DAK 2B-5 (
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<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FE5B8C0E333A0267" box="[397,517,1605,1627]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6E–H</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A76368CFFCBA219FF468CC830C902A4" blockId="13.[144,502,1666,1688]" box="[144,502,1666,1688]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FF468CC8303902A4" box="[144,262,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Same as the genus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A76368CFFCBA219FF468C8B3520004E" blockId="13.[144,759,1728,1903]" lastBlockId="13.[806,1422,198,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
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||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FF468C8B302702E9" box="[144,280,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Description:</emphasis>
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Crown is three or more times higher than root. Its lateral extremities are flared as in
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<typeStatus id="F572882EFFCBA219FD408C9533C802C8" box="[662,759,1758,1780]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
(
|
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<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FF4E8CB631D5032F" box="[152,234,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
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) to convex (
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<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FEAE8CB630F3032F" box="[376,460,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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) in labial or lingual view. Strongly labiolingually flattened, its lingual face is concave between a basal transversal roll of enameloid, overlapping the root/crown boundary, toward the transversal crest. Labial face is however, principally convex with a curve that follows those of lingual face in profile (
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<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FC058B4835180525" box="[979,1063,259,281]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
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). Labial visor is only visible on the smallest tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FBDD8B69355E0504" box="[1035,1121,290,312]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6N</figureCitation>
|
||
) but disappears in larger ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FCBF8B0B32E4056A" box="[873,987,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and root is totally overhung in labial view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FCBA8B1432DA0549" box="[876,997,351,373]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nearly all the labial surface (visor included) is ragged by numerous deep vertical folds that form partially anastomosing lamellae around the mid part of labial face. The basal part is devoid of grooves, especially on the small teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FAD98B9234BA05D3" box="[1295,1413,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6M–P</figureCitation>
|
||
) considered as the youngest specimen. The apical part of the labial face that edges the transversal crest (making an occlusal surface) is flat, nearly horizontal, and smooth (except on the smallest elements,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FCF0883932A206B4" box="[806,925,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6M–P</figureCitation>
|
||
) because of scouring by functional wear. Occlusal contour is chaotic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FBAE88DA3425069A" box="[1144,1306,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6D, H, L</figureCitation>
|
||
), with no geometric structure indicating possible interlocking columns of teeth, even weakly. The transversal crest is irregular and largely overlaps the lingual face. The lingual face is relatively smooth except under the transversal crest where a few pronounced vertical folds extend below the transversal crest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FAD2890334BD0762" box="[1284,1410,840,862]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6E, M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Root is extremely reduced in size, both in height and depth. Except on some of the youngest specimens of the type series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FC3689EF35610786" box="[992,1118,932,954]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
), root is principally at the polyaulacorhize state. Root lobes are lamella-like and are well-spaced, except on the youngest specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FCF88E4B32940029" box="[814,939,1024,1046]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
), in which the root shows a more compact shape. Small scattered foramina are sometimes visible on the labial and lingual faces of root, as in
|
||
<typeStatus id="F572882EFFCBA219FCF08E1732B8004E" box="[806,903,1116,1138]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FC4F8E17352D004E" box="[921,1042,1116,1138]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A76368CFFCBA219FCF08ED135D2023C" blockId="13.[806,1422,1177,1903]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FCF08ED132980093" box="[806,935,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
Teeth of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFCBA219FBF18ED235EF0092" authority="Adnet & Cappetta & Guinot & Sciara, 2012" authorityName="Adnet & Cappetta & Guinot & Sciara" authorityYear="2012" box="[1063,1232,1177,1198]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Oromobula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dakhlaensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FBF18ED235EF0092" box="[1063,1232,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">O. dakhlaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="038E57E5FFCBA219FB0D8ED234B10092" box="[1243,1422,1177,1198]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
come only from the level B2 (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4E584B7DFFCBA219FB6A8EF334B200F1" author="Adnet S & Cappetta H & Tabuce R" box="[1212,1421,1208,1230]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" pagination="860 - 870" refId="ref16589" refString="Adnet S, Cappetta H, Tabuce R. 2010. A Middle-Late Eocene vertebrate fauna (marine fish and mammals) from southwestern Morocco; preliminary report: age and palaeobiogeographical implications. Geological Magazine 147: 860 - 870." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Adnet
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FADA8EF3340200F1" box="[1292,1341,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for geological details) and have never been found together with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFCBA219FBE68EBE35A80136" authority="Adnet & Cappetta & Guinot & Sciara, 2012" authorityName="Adnet & Cappetta & Guinot & Sciara" authorityYear="2012" box="[1072,1175,1269,1290]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Argoubia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbei" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FBE68EBE35A80136" box="[1072,1175,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">A. barbei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="038E57E5FFCBA219FB768EBE34700136" box="[1184,1359,1269,1290]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from the underlying level B1. Distinct in time, these two taxa are also distinct in morphology with the youngest (†
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFCBA219FC668F1A3566015A" authority="Adnet & Cappetta & Guinot & Sciara, 2012" authorityName="Adnet & Cappetta & Guinot & Sciara" authorityYear="2012" box="[944,1113,1361,1382]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Oromobula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dakhlaensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FC668F1A3566015A" box="[944,1113,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">O. dakhlaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="038E57E5FFCBA219FBBE8F1A3416015A" box="[1128,1321,1361,1382]" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) having more strongly labiolingually compressed teeth with a higher crown without well-marked bulge on the labial face, a non-ornamented lingual face and a higher root strongly compressed labiolingually compared to the crown with well-spaced short lamellae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A76368CFFCBA21BFCE98C4330080353" blockId="13.[806,1422,1177,1903]" lastBlockId="15.[144,759,1299,1903]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Neither sexual nor monognathic heterodonty are seen in our limited sample. However, ontogenetic heterodonty is substantial within the smallest specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2F22A09FFCBA219FCA08C2F32DE0246" box="[886,993,1636,1658]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="14.[164,243,1664,1683]" captionTargetBox="[174,1437,202,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-0@14.[164,1445,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 6. Oromobula dakhlaensis gen. nov., sp. nov. A-D, DAK2B-4, tooth position unknown. A, lingual view; B, profile; C, labial view; D, occlusal view. E-H, holotype DAK2B-5, tooth position unknown. E, lingual view; F, profile; G, labial view; H, occlusal view; I-L, DAK2B-6, tooth position unknown; I, lingual view; J, profile; K, labial view; L, occlusal view. M-N, young element DAK2B-7, tooth position unknown. M, lingual view; N, profile. O-P, young element DAK2B-8, tooth position unknown. O, lingual view; P, occlusal view. Vertical scale bar for A-H, horizontal scale bar for I-P." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5408601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5408601/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Fig. 6I–P</figureCitation>
|
||
), which display teeth showing more morphological affinities with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFCBA219FB2E8CC8347002A4" authorityName="RAFINESQUE" authorityYear="1810" box="[1272,1359,1667,1688]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Mobula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FB2E8CC8347002A4" box="[1272,1359,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">Mobula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g. holaulacorhize to polyaulacorhize root, labial face partially ornamented, presence of an individualized labial visor). The labiolingual flattening as well as the enameloid ornamentation is moreover only slightly marked on the smallest teeth. Affinities with the Oligocene †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFCBA219FC358D7035620373" authorityName="Pfeil" authorityYear="1981" box="[995,1117,1850,1872]" class="Elasmobranchii" genus="Eomanta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kowaldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FC358D7035620373" box="[995,1117,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">E. kowaldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFCBA219FB678D7034650373" box="[1201,1370,1850,1872]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Plinthicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kruibekensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFCBA219FB678D7034650373" box="[1201,1370,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="145">P. kruibekensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are marked as they share a number of similar characters such as a reduced labial visor combined with a concave lingual face in large teeth and a flat occlusal surface with a transversal crest often ragged (contrary to †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFC9A21BFED28F24304601B8" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1869" box="[260,377,1391,1412]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Plinthicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFC9A21BFED28F24304601B8" box="[260,377,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="147">Plinthicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, the enameloid layer on the lingual face is globally smooth (except some scattered folds) as in †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFC9A21BFE588FE630C901FE" authorityName="Pfeil" authorityYear="1981" box="[398,502,1453,1474]" class="Elasmobranchii" genus="Eomanta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFC9A21BFE588FE630C901FE" box="[398,502,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="147">Eomanta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and contrary to †
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFC9A21BFD688FE731E301DC" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFC9A21BFD688FE731E701DC" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1869" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Plinthicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plinthicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The teeth are strongly constricted labiolingually with a high crown/root ratio and the root possesses thin regular lamellae as in †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFC9A21BFD998C4333FB0221" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1869" box="[591,708,1544,1565]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Plinthicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFC9A21BFD998C4333FB0221" box="[591,708,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="147">Plinthicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and contrary to †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFC9A21BFEF08C6C30B10200" authorityName="Pfeil" authorityYear="1981" box="[294,398,1575,1596]" class="Elasmobranchii" genus="Eomanta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFC9A21BFEF08C6C30B10200" box="[294,398,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="147">Eomanta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Indeed, this genus represents an intermediate form with a mixed suite of characters existing in both enigmatic genera. Comparisons may be extended with care to †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFC9A21BFE128CC8337C02A4" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[452,579,1667,1688]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Plinthicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFC9A21BFE128CC8337C02A4" box="[452,579,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="147">P. stenodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as some small specimens of this species with large teeth recovered from the mid Miocene of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E80DF86EFFC9A21BFE1C8C8B33BE02EA" box="[458,641,1728,1750]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="15" pageNumber="147">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52DE761CFFC9A21BFD448C8B33F802E9" box="[658,711,1728,1749]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="147">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(H. Cappetta, unpubl. data), resemble those of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFC9A21BFD668C9431C4032E" authority="Adnet & Cappetta & Guinot & Sciara, 2012" authorityName="Adnet & Cappetta & Guinot & Sciara" authorityYear="2012" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Oromobula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dakhlaensis" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFC9A21BFD668C9431C4032E" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="147">O. dakhlaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="038E57E5FFC9A21BFED58CB63092032E" box="[259,429,1789,1810]" pageId="15" pageNumber="147" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
However, we remain unsure whether these unstudied and unfigured teeth really represent juvenile specimens of †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC94D0FFFC9A21BFDC78D7033AF0373" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[529,656,1850,1872]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Myliobatidae" genus="Plinthicus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="18BDEA9EFFC9A21BFDC78D7033AF0373" box="[529,656,1850,1872]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="147">P. stenodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or a different lineage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |