553 lines
68 KiB
XML
553 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="4700656E24432F25A870F8871C6540C5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.176940" ID-GBIF-Dataset="00ef58c1-63d9-429c-8573-987d7fd7f2c1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="176940" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459843857524" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred & Allison, Allen" docDate="2007" docId="A25287C6FFA6D373FF23DFD0FD9FF922" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01485p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1485" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Platymantis bufonulus Kraus & Allison, 2007, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="5E6BFFBEFFADD363FFB4DA14FFDEFF82" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Platymantis (Anura: Ranidae) from New Britain" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698224610312" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="BB0113317992A5BF530D40A9EEFBA472" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EE9C1CC49F5E672E2BDDE0D1424AA849">
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<mods:title id="A27DFDF51441204B31E89141B57494DF">Two new species of Platymantis (Anura: Ranidae) from New Britain</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C0056FF094344021CD6E61EDAEF6D142" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D69D6DF14A2B2C643248314506D65D88">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8D987640AB1F9C43B41833BDED8C5987">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7472F55BE8FED8AAF9C845003AB3E6E3">Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3C93F1598F13A369730127FAE5D79C07" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="30D5292DA7D7B18F7E81C32DC289DB7C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CDB94B20C64C8567E5A400A8284CE076">Allison, Allen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6A75F7370C2D504C1C33351E1AA4C247">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="722A59FE90F1BC31BB1C99D1931EC864">
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<mods:title id="15B2E2532687E782733A7D1F3127FDB5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="718629D61A28B704E0E3AC046DBA5095">
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<mods:date id="24CA424EF4DF6B93073EFA38807763C8">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="140AC7EE9309A7E51920522EBA0D8D9B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5595FF68E0DF29C9DE1B4701C4615393">1485</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F06446FC4792FBA79A0D8394F7B014A2">13</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="665B99D3ED536D215F6C9E916907A1DE">32</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="9E8F1D4B0DFAF9358D6A92DA528E8C61">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DFFAC736469D82316D32C8A26C390413" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.176940</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8ACBE15648CFEDA3D7993B3AB0A981B5" type="GBIF-Dataset">00ef58c1-63d9-429c-8573-987d7fd7f2c1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2052FBF0D007003BCA03B1FEC3B80492" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="84D8B37289A9764EE695125100074D4B" type="Zenodo-Dep">176940</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A25287C6FFA6D373FF23DFD0FD9FF922" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6248431" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119361111" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6248431" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A25287C6FFA6D373FF23DFD0FD9FF922" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A25287C6FFA6D373FF23DFD0FD9FF922" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="62E1655BFFA6D368FF23DFD0FEBAF983" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA6D368FF23DFD0FDD0FA5C" blockId="11.[151,526,1476,1537]" box="[151,526,1476,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="710C81BCFFA6D368FF23DFD0FDD0FA5C" bold="true" box="[151,526,1476,1502]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA6D368FF23DFD0FDD0FA5C" bold="true" box="[151,526,1476,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA6D368FF23DFD0FE77FA5C" ID-CoL="4JSPH" box="[151,425,1476,1502]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufonulus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA6D368FF23DFD0FE77FA5C" bold="true" box="[151,425,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Platymantis bufonulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="03BC57B9FFA6D368FE04DFD0FDD0FA5C" box="[432,526,1476,1502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA6D368FF23DFF3FEBAF983" blockId="11.[151,526,1476,1537]" box="[151,356,1511,1537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">
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<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA6D368FF23DFF3FF3DF983" box="[151,227,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,354,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[156,1431,354,1802]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits of (A) Platymantis akarithymus, male, BPBM 22203; (B) Platymantis sulcatus, male, BPBM 22184; (C) P. s ul catu s, male, BPBM 22189; (D) P. sulcatus, male, BPBM 22222; (E) P. bufonulus, male, BPBM 22188; and (F) P. bufonulus, male, BPBM 22187. Photos by F. Kraus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176941/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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E, F, 2C, F
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62E1655BFFA6D368FF23DC22FC16F89B" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA6D368FF23DC22FF07F923" blockId="11.[151,1437,1590,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA6D368FF23DC22FECEF9D2" bold="true" box="[151,272,1590,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="F5408872FFA6D368FF23DC22FED5F9D2" box="[151,267,1590,1616]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="4CEAAE15FFA6D368FEA8DC23FEB0F9D3" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[284,366,1591,1617]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">BPBM</collectionCode>
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22188 (field no. FK 11173), adult male, collected by F. Kraus
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<quantity id="ED039B35FFA6D368FB30DC23FB04F9D3" box="[1156,1242,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="2.6">2.6 km</quantity>
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NNW Marmar,
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<geoCoordinate id="4FCF5017FFA6D368FF23DC4BFECDF9FB" box="[151,275,1631,1657]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" precision="1" value="-5.49895">5.49895ºS</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="4FCF5017FFA6D368FEABDC4BFE74F9FB" box="[287,426,1631,1657]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" precision="5" value="151.4893">151.4893ºE</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<quantity id="ED039B35FFA6D368FE02DC4BFDDAF9FB" box="[438,516,1631,1657]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.17" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="517.0">517 m</quantity>
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, East New
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<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFA6D368FD3DDC4BFD04F9FB" box="[649,730,1631,1657]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Britain</collectingCountry>
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Province, New
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<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFA6D368FC2CDC4BFC37F9FB" box="[920,1001,1631,1657]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Britain</collectingCountry>
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<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFA6D368FC45DC4BFBE2F9FB" box="[1009,1084,1631,1657]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Island</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFA6D368FBF3DC4BFAF0F9FB" box="[1095,1326,1631,1657]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="5E451010FFA6D368FA8DDC4BFF0BF923" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" value="2005-03-08">8 March 2005</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA6D368FF72DCBAFC16F89B" blockId="11.[151,1437,1590,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">
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||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA6D368FF72DCBAFE95F94A" bold="true" box="[198,331,1710,1736]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">
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<typeStatus id="F5408872FFA6D368FF72DCBAFE98F94A" box="[198,326,1710,1736]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFA6D368FEE7DCBBFDE5F94B" box="[339,571,1711,1737]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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: New
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<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFA6D368FD32DCBBFD09F94B" box="[646,727,1711,1737]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Britain</collectingCountry>
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<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFA6D368FD6BDCBBFCF5F94B" box="[735,811,1711,1737]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Island</collectingCountry>
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: East New
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<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFA6D368FC04DCBBFBDFF94B" box="[944,1025,1711,1737]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Britain</collectingCountry>
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Province:
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<quantity id="ED039B35FFA6D368FB36DCBBFB3FF94B" box="[1154,1249,1711,1737]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="11.3">11.3 km</quantity>
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NNW Marmar,
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<geoCoordinate id="4FCF5017FFA6D368FF23DCC3FECDF973" box="[151,275,1751,1777]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" precision="1" value="-5.42868">5.42868ºS</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="4FCF5017FFA6D368FE95DCC3FE62F973" box="[289,444,1751,1777]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" precision="1" value="151.45654">151.45654ºE</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="ED039B35FFA6D368FE7EDCC3FDC4F973" box="[458,538,1751,1777]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</quantity>
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||
,
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<date id="5E451010FFA6D368FD9DDCC3FD20F973" box="[553,766,1751,1777]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" value="2005-02-28">28 February 2005</date>
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||
(
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||
<collectionCode id="4CEAAE15FFA6D368FCA5DCC3FCBAF973" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[785,868,1751,1777]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">BPBM</collectionCode>
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||
22185–86);
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||
<quantity id="ED039B35FFA6D368FC4BDCC3FBBFF973" box="[1023,1121,1751,1777]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" unit="km" value="11.8">11.8 km</quantity>
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||
NNW Marmar,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="4FCF5017FFA6D368FA9FDCC3FA46F973" box="[1323,1432,1751,1777]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" precision="5" value="-5.4255">5.4255ºS</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="4FCF5017FFA6D368FF23DCEBFEEFF89B" box="[151,305,1791,1817]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" precision="1" value="151.45337">151.45337ºE</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="ED039B35FFA6D368FE89DCEBFE54F89B" box="[317,394,1791,1817]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="5E451010FFA6D368FE22DCEBFDE7F89B" box="[406,569,1791,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" value="2005-03-01">1 March 2005</date>
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(
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<collectionCode id="4CEAAE15FFA6D368FDFDDCEBFD42F89B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[585,668,1791,1817]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">BPBM</collectionCode>
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22187,
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<collectionCode id="4CEAAE15FFA6D368FD48DCEBFCB8F89B" box="[764,870,1791,1817]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">PNGNM</collectionCode>
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24026).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="62E1655BFFA6D36FFF72DD33FE5DF813" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA6D368FF72DD33FDABF863" blockId="11.[151,1437,1590,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">
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<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA6D368FF72DD33FE98F8C3" bold="true" box="[198,326,1831,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A small species of
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<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA6D368FD87DD33FD61F8C2" box="[563,703,1831,1856]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA6D368FD87DD33FD61F8C2" box="[563,703,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Platymantis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(males
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<quantity id="ED039B35FFA6D368FCAADD33FC13F8C3" box="[798,973,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" metricValueMax="2.1399999999999997" metricValueMin="1.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="18.4" valueMax="21.4" valueMin="15.4">15.4–21.4 mm</quantity>
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) lacking vocal slits and with expanded discs on toes but not fingers, blunt fingertips no wider than penultimate phalanges, first finger longer than second, head wide (HW/SV = 0.42–0.46), dorsum densely covered with tuberculate warts but lacking elongated ridges (
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||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA6D368FF5ADD8BFEEEF83B" box="[238,304,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,354,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[156,1431,354,1802]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits of (A) Platymantis akarithymus, male, BPBM 22203; (B) Platymantis sulcatus, male, BPBM 22184; (C) P. s ul catu s, male, BPBM 22189; (D) P. sulcatus, male, BPBM 22222; (E) P. bufonulus, male, BPBM 22188; and (F) P. bufonulus, male, BPBM 22187. Photos by F. Kraus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176941/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="24">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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E, F), an unpatterned mud-brown dorsum, and a three-note, frequency-modulated advertisement call that sounds like a dog’s squeaky toy.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="7E846658FFA1D36FFF23DF05FE38FA31" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176947/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[262,1339,194,1268]" targetPageId="12">
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||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA1D36FFF23DF05FE38FA31" blockId="12.[151,1436,1297,1459]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFF23DF05FEC7FAAB" bold="true" box="[151,281,1297,1321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
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(A) Complete waveform of the recorded call sequence for
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<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFC39DF05FBB4FAAA" box="[909,1130,1297,1320]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sulcatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFC39DF05FBB4FAAA" box="[909,1130,1297,1320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Platymantis sulcatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, BPBM 22189, from 9.0 km NNW Marmar, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea; recorded 23 Feb 2005 at 2145h, air temperature 21.2 ºC, (B), waveform of the last recorded call group of BPBM 22189, (C) complete waveform of the recorded call sequence of BPBM 22192 from 11.3 km NNW Marmar, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea; recorded 0 2 March 2005 at 1835h, air temperature 22.6 ºC.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA1D36FFF72DFF2FE5DF813" blockId="12.[151,1437,1510,2017]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFF72DFF2FDBFF982" bold="true" box="[198,609,1510,1536]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFDDEDFF3FCAAF982" box="[618,884,1511,1536]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufonulus">
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<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFDDEDFF3FCAAF982" box="[618,884,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Platymantis bufonulus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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is readily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFB6ADFF3FAABF982" box="[1246,1397,1511,1536]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adiastolus">
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<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFB6ADFF3FAABF982" box="[1246,1397,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. adiastolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFA32DFF3FF37F9AA" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="browni">
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<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFA32DFF3FF37F9AA" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. browni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFF4EDC1BFEB7F9AA" box="[250,361,1551,1576]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guppyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFF4EDC1BFEB7F9AA" box="[250,361,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. guppyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFECEDC1BFDF4F9AA" box="[378,554,1551,1576]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrosceles">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFECEDC1BFDF4F9AA" box="[378,554,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. macrosceles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFD8FDC1BFD2DF9AA" box="[571,755,1551,1576]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mamusiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFD8FDC1BFD2DF9AA" box="[571,755,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. mamusiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFCB0DC1BFC61F9AA" box="[772,959,1551,1576]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nakanaiorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFCB0DC1BFC61F9AA" box="[772,959,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. nakanaiorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFC65DC1BFB98F9AA" box="[977,1094,1551,1576]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neckeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFC65DC1BFB98F9AA" box="[977,1094,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. neckeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFBECDC1BFB0EF9AA" box="[1112,1232,1551,1576]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nexipus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFBECDC1BFB0EF9AA" box="[1112,1232,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. nexipus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFB56DC1BFA4BF9AA" box="[1250,1429,1551,1576]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhipiphalcus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFB56DC1BFA4BF9AA" box="[1250,1429,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. rhipiphalcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFF7EDC23FE96F9D2" box="[202,328,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. s c h m i d t i</emphasis>
|
||
in lacking (vs. having) expanded finger discs; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFC0BDC23FBB1F9D2" box="[959,1135,1591,1616]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="acrochordus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFC0BDC23FBB1F9D2" box="[959,1135,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. acrochordus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size and in lacking (vs. having) sharply pointed fingertips; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFCB1DC4BFC0DF9FA" box="[773,979,1631,1656]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aculeodactylus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFCB1DC4BFC0DF9FA" box="[773,979,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. aculeodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having tuberculate skin and in lacking (vs. having) sharply pointed fingertips; from
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFD7ADC93FC95F922" box="[718,843,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. m a c ro p s</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFC32DC93FC26F922" box="[902,1016,1671,1696]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFC32DC93FC26F922" box="[902,1016,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. parkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the first finger longer (vs. shorter) than the second; from
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFDB7DCBBFC9BF94A" box="[515,837,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFDB7DCBBFD42F94A" box="[515,668,1711,1736]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adiastolus">P. adiastolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFD1DDCBBFC9BF94A" box="[681,837,1711,1736]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">P. boulengeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFCE1DCBBFC0CF94A" box="[853,978,1711,1736]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilliardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFCE1DCBBFC0CF94A" box="[853,978,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. gilliardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFC55DCBBFB87F94A" box="[993,1113,1711,1736]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFC55DCBBFB87F94A" box="[993,1113,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. magnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFBDDDCBBFB0EF94A" box="[1129,1232,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. m y e r s i</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFB50DCBBFAA9F94A" box="[1252,1399,1711,1736]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="papuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFB50DCBBFAA9F94A" box="[1252,1399,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. papuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFA32DCBBFED0F972" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="solomonis">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFA32DCBBFED0F972" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. solomonis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFEE7DCC3FE61F972" box="[339,447,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. w e b e r i</emphasis>
|
||
in its much smaller size; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFCC0DCC3FBFAF972" box="[884,1060,1751,1776]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akarithymus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFCC0DCC3FBFAF972" box="[884,1060,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. akarithymus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFB81DCC3FB6DF972" box="[1077,1203,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. m i m i c u s</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFB48DCC3FAA6F972" box="[1276,1400,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. s u l c a t u s</emphasis>
|
||
in lacking elongated ridges on the dorsum. The absence of vocal slits and presence of a highly tuberculate, unpatterned mud-brown dorsum is unique among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFCB1DD33FC4FF8C2" box="[773,913,1831,1856]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFCB1DD33FC4FF8C2" box="[773,913,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Platymantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Bismarck and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFA1D36FFB78DD33FA46F8C3" box="[1228,1432,1831,1857]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Solomon islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFF42DD5BFE5CF8EA" box="[246,386,1871,1896]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFF42DD5BFE5CF8EA" box="[246,386,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Platymantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFA1D36FFE43DD5BFCDEF8EB" box="[503,768,1871,1897]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
|
||
the wide head is equalled only by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA1D36FFB2DDD5BFAEBF8EA" box="[1177,1333,1871,1896]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFB2DDD5BFAEBF8EA" box="[1177,1333,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFAF0DD5BFF1EF812" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. n e x i - pus</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFEB4DD63FEA7F812" box="[256,377,1911,1936]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">P. s u l c a t u s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62E1655BFFA1D373FF72DD8AFBD8FA5A" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA1D36EFF72DD8AFE10FD38" blockId="12.[151,1437,1510,2017]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,698]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA1D36FFF72DD8AFE2BF83A" bold="true" box="[198,501,1950,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="F5408872FFA1D36FFE37DD8AFE2FF83A" box="[387,497,1950,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An adult male with left lateral incision and liver removed. Vocal slits absent. Head wide (HW/SV = 0.44), wider than long (HW/HL = 1.04), with oblique loreal region; canthus rostralis rounded, largely straight but slightly concave immediately behind nares when viewed from above; nostrils small, directed laterally, much closer to tip of snout than to eyes; internarial distance slightly less than distance from naris to eye (EN/IN = 1.04); snout truncate when viewed from side, acutely rounded when viewed from above; eyes large (EY/SV = 0.16); eyelid equal to width of the interorbital distance; tympanum distinct, large (TY/SV = 0.12) but smaller than eye (TY/EY = 0.71), with a distinct annulus. Supratympanic fold composed of a series of connected pustules. Dorsal and lateral surfaces extremely rugose; skin granular with dense, irregular array of small, largely rounded warts. Ventral surfaces granular. Fingers unwebbed, relative lengths 3>4=1>2; tips rounded, without discs or terminal grooves, no wider than penultimate phalanges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA0D36EFA9BDBA4FAA7FE48" box="[1327,1401,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[181,1381,326,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1424,326,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Palmar surface of hand for (A) Platymantis akarithymus (BPBM 22205); (B) holotype of Platymantis sulcatus (BPBM 22192); (C) holotype of Platymantis bufonulus (BPBM 22188); (D – F) plantar surface of foot for same specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176942/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Subarticular and metacarpal tubercles extremely pronounced. Toes unwebbed, bearing discs with terminal grooves on toes 2–4; toe 1 slightly flattened but lacking disc and terminal groove; toe 5 rounded and lacking disc and terminal groove; relative lengths 4>3>2>5>1. Toe discs larger than fingertips, barely wider than penultimate phalanges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA0D36EFE31D844FE12FDE8" box="[389,460,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1703,1727]" captionTargetBox="[181,1381,326,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1424,326,1679]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Palmar surface of hand for (A) Platymantis akarithymus (BPBM 22205); (B) holotype of Platymantis sulcatus (BPBM 22192); (C) holotype of Platymantis bufonulus (BPBM 22188); (D – F) plantar surface of foot for same specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176942/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Subarticular tubercles well-developed; inner metatarsal tubercle large and oval, outer a small circular cone; entire plantar surface covered by rows of small supernumerary tubercles.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFA0D36EFAD5D86CFA42FD10" box="[1377,1436,632,658]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
legs short (TL/SV = 0.44).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7E846658FFA0D36EFF23DC7FFB89F926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176948/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[155,1435,754,1610]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA0D36EFF23DC7FFB89F926" blockId="13.[151,1436,1643,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA0D36EFF23DC7FFEC7F901" bold="true" box="[151,281,1643,1667]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of eastern New Britain showing the collecting localities for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA0D36EFC63DC7FFB89F900" box="[983,1111,1643,1666]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA0D36EFC63DC7FFB89F900" box="[983,1111,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">Platymantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described in this study. Asterisk indicates the range of collecting localities extending from 2.6–11.8 km NNW Marmar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA0D36EFF72DD14FB6CF860" blockId="13.[151,1437,1792,2018]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA0D36EFF72DD14FE05F898" bold="true" box="[198,475,1792,1818]" pageId="13" pageNumber="26">Color in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum uniformly dark gray with pair of small, obscure black spots present in suprascapular region; tympanum medium brown, contrasting with dorsum. Iris silver, densely stippled with black punctations. Rear of thighs with a suffusion of dark brown or gray over a light brown ground. Venter dirty white on granules with interstices brown, producing a network of white spots across entire surface, with brown increasing in extent under thighs and predominating under shanks and tarsi. Palmar and plantar surfaces dark gray-brown with subarticular, metacarpal, and metatarsal tubercles dirty white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA3D36DFF72DA83FD95FF5E" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,460]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA3D36DFF72DA83FE2FFF33" bold="true" box="[198,497,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Measurements (in mm).</emphasis>
|
||
SV = 21.4, TL = 9.5, HW = 9.5, HL = 9.1, IN = 2.3, EN = 2.4, SN = 3.8, EY = 3.5, TY = 2.5, FD = 0.48, TD = 0.66.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA3D36DFF72DAFEFD89FE4E" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,460]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA3D36DFF72DAFEFE9FFE86" bold="true" box="[198,321,234,260]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The range of mensural variation in the samples is minor (
|
||
<tableCitation id="6779036BFFA3D36DFC4DDAFEFB8CFE86" box="[1017,1106,234,260]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,791,815]" captionTargetBox="[159,1404,925,1545]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Mensural variation among adult Platymantis akarithymus and for the type series of P. sulcatus and P. bufonulus from New Britain Island, Papua New Guinea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7E846658FFAED360FF23D903FD7AFCD3" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" tableUuid="7E846658FFAED360FF23D903FD7AFCD3">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Degree of dorsal rugosity varies slightly, with one or two specimens having slightly smoother dorsa than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F5408872FFA3D36DFBDADB06FB06FEAE" box="[1134,1240,274,300]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Color pattern is remarkably uniform but two specimens are slightly lighter in dorsal color than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F5408872FFA3D36DFBCEDB2EFB3AFED6" box="[1146,1252,314,340]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, being medium brown-gray instead of dark gray. In these specimens, there is little contrast between the dorsal color and that of the tympana and the small black suprascapular spots are more distinct. Three
|
||
<typeStatus id="F5408872FFA3D36DFBE7DB9EFB1DFE26" box="[1107,1219,394,420]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
have some sparse white flecking on the plantar surfaces.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7E846658FFA3D36DFF23DE57FE6FFB1D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176949/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[173,1367,526,1067]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA3D36DFF23DE57FE6FFB1D" blockId="14.[151,1436,1091,1183]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA3D36DFF23DE57FEC3FBD9" bold="true" box="[151,285,1091,1115]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
(A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA3D36DFBFADE57FA9FFBD8" box="[1102,1345,1091,1114]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufonulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA3D36DFBFADE57FA9FFBD8" box="[1102,1345,1091,1114]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Platymantis bufonulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, BPBM 22185, from 11.3 km NNW Marmar, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea; recorded 28 February 2005 at 2030 h, air temperature 22.5 ºC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA3D36DFF72DEEFFD32FA0F" blockId="14.[151,1437,1275,2021]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA3D36DFF72DEEFFEB4FA97" bold="true" box="[198,362,1275,1301]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Color in life.</emphasis>
|
||
In life, BPBM 22185 was noted to have a uniformly dark brown dorsum, venter darkly flecked, and no red in groin or shanks. FK 10919 had the dorsum mud-brown and ventrum dark gray with light gray flecks. BPBM 22188 was noted to have the iris pale gray-green (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA3D36DFB87DF5FFBA6FAE7" box="[1075,1144,1355,1381]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,354,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[156,1431,354,1802]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits of (A) Platymantis akarithymus, male, BPBM 22203; (B) Platymantis sulcatus, male, BPBM 22184; (C) P. s ul catu s, male, BPBM 22189; (D) P. sulcatus, male, BPBM 22222; (E) P. bufonulus, male, BPBM 22188; and (F) P. bufonulus, male, BPBM 22187. Photos by F. Kraus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176941/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E). BPBM 22187 had a slightly yellow cast to the brown dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA3D36DFD31DF67FD16FA0F" box="[645,712,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1826,1850]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,354,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[156,1431,354,1802]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Portraits of (A) Platymantis akarithymus, male, BPBM 22203; (B) Platymantis sulcatus, male, BPBM 22184; (C) P. s ul catu s, male, BPBM 22189; (D) P. sulcatus, male, BPBM 22222; (E) P. bufonulus, male, BPBM 22188; and (F) P. bufonulus, male, BPBM 22187. Photos by F. Kraus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176941/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA3D36DFF72DF8FFBBDF9AF" blockId="14.[151,1437,1275,2021]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA3D36DFF72DF8FFEDCFA37" bold="true" box="[198,258,1435,1461]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Call.</emphasis>
|
||
The call is a quiet, infrequent 3-note squeak. The first note is difficult to discern and the overall impression of the call is similar to that produced by a dog’s squeeze toy, or a short cough or sneeze, sounding vaguely like a nasal “ah ha”. The species calls from under or on top of leaf litter on the forest floor. Males call infrequently and often shift location between calls, making them difficult to locate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA3D36DFF72DC2FFBB2F867" blockId="14.[151,1437,1275,2021]" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">
|
||
We recorded five calls from two frogs (BPBM 22185 and one uncaptured). These calls averaged 325 ms in duration (range 269–342,
|
||
<tableCitation id="6779036BFFA3D36DFE51DC77FDE3F9FF" box="[485,573,1635,1661]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,239,271,295]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,397,676]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 5. Call characteristics of Platymantis bufonulus. BPBM 22185 was recorded 28 February 2005 at 11.3 km NNW Marmar, at 2030 h and 22.5 ºC; the uncaptured individual was recorded 2 March 2005 at same location, at 1900 h and 22.6 ºC. Dom. Freq. = dominant frequency" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7E846658FFBDD373FF23DB1BFDB9FEEE" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" tableUuid="7E846658FFBDD373FF23DB1BFDB9FEEE">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA3D36DFDFEDC77FD4EF9FF" box="[586,656,1635,1661]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[173,1367,526,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[164,1422,517,1067]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of the call of Platymantis bufonulus, BPBM 22185, from 11.3 km NNW Marmar, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea; recorded 28 February 2005 at 2030 h, air temperature 22.5 ºC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176949/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each note of the three-note call was distinctly different. The first note consisted of an unpulsed click that averaged 17 ms in duration (range 16–19 ms,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA3D36DFB36DC9FFB0BF927" box="[1154,1237,1675,1701]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[275,1312,354,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[275,1312,354,1803]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. (A). Waveform of the first note in the call of Platymantis bufonulus BPBM 22185 from 11.3 km NNW Marmar, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea; recorded 28 February 2005 at 2030 h, air temperature 22.5 ºC, (B), second note of same call, (C) third note of same call." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176950/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
A). This was followed by a pause ranging from 41–91 ms (
|
||
<tableCitation id="6779036BFFA3D36DFD2EDCA7FD29F94F" box="[666,759,1715,1741]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,239,271,295]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,397,676]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 5. Call characteristics of Platymantis bufonulus. BPBM 22185 was recorded 28 February 2005 at 11.3 km NNW Marmar, at 2030 h and 22.5 ºC; the uncaptured individual was recorded 2 March 2005 at same location, at 1900 h and 22.6 ºC. Dom. Freq. = dominant frequency" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7E846658FFBDD373FF23DB1BFDB9FEEE" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" tableUuid="7E846658FFBDD373FF23DB1BFDB9FEEE">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). The second note was about three times longer than the first and averaged 44 ms in duration (range 41–49 ms,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA3D36DFC9DDCCFFC5FF977" box="[809,897,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[275,1312,354,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[275,1312,354,1803]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. (A). Waveform of the first note in the call of Platymantis bufonulus BPBM 22185 from 11.3 km NNW Marmar, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea; recorded 28 February 2005 at 2030 h, air temperature 22.5 ºC, (B), second note of same call, (C) third note of same call." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176950/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
B). This note was unpulsed in the uncaptured individual and had 2–3 pulses in BPBM 22185. In this latter individual the initial pulses were consistently brief (~3 ms) and the last pulse was consistently long (~37–40 ms). This was followed by a pause ranging from 50–121 ms (
|
||
<tableCitation id="6779036BFFA3D36DFEDFDD47FE19F8EF" box="[363,455,1875,1901]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,239,271,295]" captionTargetBox="[159,1424,397,676]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 5. Call characteristics of Platymantis bufonulus. BPBM 22185 was recorded 28 February 2005 at 11.3 km NNW Marmar, at 2030 h and 22.5 ºC; the uncaptured individual was recorded 2 March 2005 at same location, at 1900 h and 22.6 ºC. Dom. Freq. = dominant frequency" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7E846658FFBDD373FF23DB1BFDB9FEEE" pageId="14" pageNumber="27" tableUuid="7E846658FFBDD373FF23DB1BFDB9FEEE">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). The third note (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA3D36DFD2CDD47FD31F8EF" box="[664,751,1875,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="15.[151,255,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[275,1312,354,1803]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[275,1312,354,1803]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 10. (A). Waveform of the first note in the call of Platymantis bufonulus BPBM 22185 from 11.3 km NNW Marmar, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea; recorded 28 February 2005 at 2030 h, air temperature 22.5 ºC, (B), second note of same call, (C) third note of same call." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176950/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
C), which is evenly pulsed, averaged 73 ms in duration in BPBM 22185 (range 70–75) and was 104 ms long in the uncaptured frog (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA3D36DFBB3DD6FFB90F817" box="[1031,1102,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[173,1367,526,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[164,1422,517,1067]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of the call of Platymantis bufonulus, BPBM 22185, from 11.3 km NNW Marmar, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea; recorded 28 February 2005 at 2030 h, air temperature 22.5 ºC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176949/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="27">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The pulses were roughly similar in duration (~3 ms). The mean number of pulses for the third note produced by BPBM 22185 was 26 (range 25–27). The call of the uncaptured individual had 43 pulses in the third note.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA2D36CFF72DA8CFF22FEA8" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,298]" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The frequencies of the three notes varied (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFA2D36CFD73DA8CFCCEFF30" box="[711,784,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[173,1367,526,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[164,1422,517,1067]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of the call of Platymantis bufonulus, BPBM 22185, from 11.3 km NNW Marmar, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea; recorded 28 February 2005 at 2030 h, air temperature 22.5 ºC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176949/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The dominant frequency of the first note averaged 1560 Hz (range 1200–2060). In our recordings, this note was generally, but not always, well tuned. Its frequency was consistently modulated and generally dropped by 500–700 Hz from the beginning to the end of the note.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7E846658FFA2D36CFF23DD37FD25F802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176950/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[275,1312,354,1803]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA2D36CFF23DD37FD25F802" blockId="15.[151,1436,1827,1920]" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA2D36CFF23DD37FEF6F8B9" bold="true" box="[151,296,1827,1851]" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
(A). Waveform of the first note in the call of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFA2D36CFC92DD30FBC9F8B9" box="[806,1047,1828,1851]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufonulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFA2D36CFC92DD30FBC9F8B9" box="[806,1047,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">Platymantis bufonulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
BPBM 22185 from 11.3 km NNW Marmar, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea; recorded 28 February 2005 at 2030 h, air temperature 22.5 ºC, (B), second note of same call, (C) third note of same call.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFA2D373FF72DDA0FE43FF58" blockId="15.[151,1437,1972,2038]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="15" pageNumber="28">The second note had a higher pitch and was always well tuned. It had an average dominant frequency of 2910 (range 2840–3010) and was slightly modulated. The frequency generally increased by about 200 Hz around one-third to two-thirds of the way through the note and then slowly declined to the starting frequency by the end of the note.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7E846658FFBDD373FF23DB1BFDB9FEEE" ID-Table-UUID="7E846658FFBDD373FF23DB1BFDB9FEEE" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/7E846658FFBDD373FF23DB1BFDB9FEEE" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[159,1424,397,676]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFBDD373FF23DB1BFDB9FEEE" blockId="16.[151,1436,271,364]" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FF23DB1BFED6FEA5" bold="true" box="[151,264,271,295]" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Call characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFBDD373FE49DB04FD32FEA5" box="[509,748,272,295]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufonulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FE49DB04FD32FEA5" box="[509,748,272,295]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Platymantis bufonulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. BPBM 22185 was recorded 28 February 2005 at 11.3 km NNW Marmar, at 2030 h and 22.5 ºC; the uncaptured individual was recorded 2 March 2005 at same location, at 1900 h and 22.6 ºC. Dom. Freq. = dominant frequency
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFBDD373FF2BDB99FACDFD26" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<table id="58FBC470FFBD2C9CFF2BDB99FA4EFD26" box="[159,1424,397,676]" gridcols="5" gridrows="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" rowsContinueIn="16.[159,1408,781,1066]">
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BDB99FA4EFE26" box="[159,1424,397,420]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BDB99FEECFE26" box="[159,306,397,420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Specimen</th>
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEDFDB99FE46FE26" box="[363,408,397,420]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Call</th>
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD21DB99FCB1FE26" box="[661,879,397,420]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Note 1</th>
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC2ADB99FA4EFE26" box="[926,1424,397,420]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Internote 1 Note 2</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BDBACFA4EFE4D" box="[159,1424,440,463]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE50DBACFDB8FE4D" box="[484,614,440,463]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Duration (s)</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD21DBACFCB1FE4D" box="[661,879,440,463]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Dom. Freq.(Hz)</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC2ADBACFA4EFE4D" box="[926,1424,440,463]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Duration (s) Duration (s) Dom. Freq. (Hz)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BDBF6FA4EFE7B" box="[159,1424,482,505]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BDBF6FEECFE7B" box="[159,306,482,505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">BPBM 22185</th>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEDFDBF6FE46FE7B" box="[363,408,482,505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">A</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE50DBF6FDB8FE7B" box="[484,614,482,505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.017</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD21DBF6FCB1FE7B" box="[661,879,482,505]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">2060</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC2ADBF6FA4EFE7B" box="[926,1424,482,505]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.089 0.044 2840</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BD819FA4EFDA6" box="[159,1424,525,548]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BD819FEECFDA6" box="[159,306,525,548]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">"</th>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEDFD819FE46FDA6" box="[363,408,525,548]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">B</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE50D819FDB8FDA6" box="[484,614,525,548]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.017</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD21D819FCB1FDA6" box="[661,879,525,548]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">1550</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC2AD819FA4EFDA6" box="[926,1424,525,548]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.091 0.041 3010</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BD82CFA4EFDCD" box="[159,1424,568,591]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BD82CFEECFDCD" box="[159,306,568,591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">"</th>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEDFD82CFE46FDCD" box="[363,408,568,591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">C</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE50D82CFDB8FDCD" box="[484,614,568,591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.016</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD21D82CFCB1FDCD" box="[661,879,568,591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">1550</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC2AD82CFA4EFDCD" box="[926,1424,568,591]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.084 0.045 2920</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BD876FA4EFDFB" box="[159,1424,610,633]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BD876FEECFDFB" box="[159,306,610,633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">"</th>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEDFD876FE46FDFB" box="[363,408,610,633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">D</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE50D876FDB8FDFB" box="[484,614,610,633]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.019</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD21D876FCB1FDFB" box="[661,879,610,633]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">1200</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC2AD876FA4EFDFB" box="[926,1424,610,633]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.091 0.041 2920</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BD899FA4EFD26" box="[159,1424,653,676]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BD899FEECFD26" box="[159,306,653,676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Uncaptured 1</th>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEDFD899FE46FD26" box="[363,408,653,676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">A</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE50D899FDB8FD26" box="[484,614,653,676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.017</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD21D899FCB1FD26" box="[661,879,653,676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">1460</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC2AD899FA4EFD26" box="[926,1424,653,676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.049 0.049 2840</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFBDD373FF2BD919FB14FBA8" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<table id="58FBC470FFBD2C9CFF2BD919FA5EFBA8" box="[159,1408,781,1066]" gridcols="7" gridrows="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" rowsContinueFrom="16.[159,1424,397,676]">
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BD919FA5EFCA6" box="[159,1408,781,804]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BD919FEECFCA6" box="[159,306,781,804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Specimen</th>
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE55D919FDBDFCA6" box="[481,611,781,804]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Internote 2</th>
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC91D919FC17FCA6" box="[805,969,781,804]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Note 3</th>
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFB3AD919FA5EFCA6" box="[1166,1408,781,804]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Total Call Duration (s)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BD929FA5EFCD6" box="[159,1408,829,852]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEE5D929FE1DFCD6" box="[337,451,829,852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">No. Pulses</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE55D929FDBDFCD6" box="[481,611,829,852]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Duration (s)</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD32D929FCD6FCD6" box="[646,776,829,852]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Duration (s)</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC91D929FC17FCD6" box="[805,969,829,852]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Dom.Freq.(Hz)</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC5ED929FB82FCD6" box="[1002,1116,829,852]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">No. Pulses</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BD97CFA5EFCFD" box="[159,1408,872,895]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BD97CFEECFCFD" box="[159,306,872,895]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">BPBM 22185</th>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEE5D97CFE1DFCFD" box="[337,451,872,895]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">3</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE55D97CFDBDFCFD" box="[481,611,872,895]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.116</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD32D97CFCD6FCFD" box="[646,776,872,895]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.075</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC91D97CFC17FCFD" box="[805,969,872,895]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">1720</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC5ED97CFB82FCFD" box="[1002,1116,872,895]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">27</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFB3AD97CFA5EFCFD" box="[1166,1408,872,895]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.342</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BD987FA5EFC28" box="[159,1408,915,938]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BD987FEECFC28" box="[159,306,915,938]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">"</th>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEE5D987FE1DFC28" box="[337,451,915,938]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">2</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE55D987FDBDFC28" box="[481,611,915,938]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.117</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD32D987FCD6FC28" box="[646,776,915,938]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.071</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC91D987FC17FC28" box="[805,969,915,938]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">1720</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC5ED987FB82FC28" box="[1002,1116,915,938]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">25</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFB3AD987FA5EFC28" box="[1166,1408,915,938]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.337</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BD9A9FA5EFC56" box="[159,1408,957,980]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BD9A9FEECFC56" box="[159,306,957,980]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">"</th>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEE5D9A9FE1DFC56" box="[337,451,957,980]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">2</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE55D9A9FDBDFC56" box="[481,611,957,980]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.121</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD32D9A9FCD6FC56" box="[646,776,957,980]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.073</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC91D9A9FC17FC56" box="[805,969,957,980]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">1890</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC5ED9A9FB82FC56" box="[1002,1116,957,980]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">27</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFB3AD9A9FA5EFC56" box="[1166,1408,957,980]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.339</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BD9FCFA5EFC7D" box="[159,1408,1000,1023]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BD9FCFEECFC7D" box="[159,306,1000,1023]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">"</th>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEE5D9FCFE1DFC7D" box="[337,451,1000,1023]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">2</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE55D9FCFDBDFC7D" box="[481,611,1000,1023]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.115</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD32D9FCFCD6FC7D" box="[646,776,1000,1023]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.070</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC91D9FCFC17FC7D" box="[805,969,1000,1023]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">1890</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC5ED9FCFB82FC7D" box="[1002,1116,1000,1023]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">25</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFB3AD9FCFA5EFC7D" box="[1166,1408,1000,1023]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.336</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="94CB3492FFBD2C9CFF2BDE07FA5EFBA8" box="[159,1408,1043,1066]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFF2BDE07FEECFBA8" box="[159,306,1043,1066]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Uncaptured 1</th>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFEE5DE07FE1DFBA8" box="[337,451,1043,1066]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">1</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFE55DE07FDBDFBA8" box="[481,611,1043,1066]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.050</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFD32DE07FCD6FBA8" box="[646,776,1043,1066]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.104</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC91DE07FC17FBA8" box="[805,969,1043,1066]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">1800</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFC5EDE07FB82FBA8" box="[1002,1116,1043,1066]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">43</td>
|
||
<td id="D71A5DEEFFBD2C9CFB3ADE07FA5EFBA8" box="[1166,1408,1043,1066]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">0.269</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFBDD373FF72DE6AFD05FB6A" blockId="16.[151,1437,1150,1696]" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">The third note had a dominant frequency of 1810 Hz (range 1720–1890) and had a trill-like quality due to the pulsing. There was also modest frequency modulation, with an increase in dominant frequency of ~300– 700 Hz from the beginning to the end of the note.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFBDD373FF72DEE2FAF7FABA" blockId="16.[151,1437,1150,1696]" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The power spectrum for the overall call generally had two peaks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFBDD373FC62DEE2FBC0FA92" box="[982,1054,1270,1296]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,255,1091,1115]" captionTargetBox="[173,1367,526,1067]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[164,1422,517,1067]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. (A) Waveform, (B) power spectrum, and (C) spectrogram of the call of Platymantis bufonulus, BPBM 22185, from 11.3 km NNW Marmar, East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea; recorded 28 February 2005 at 2030 h, air temperature 22.5 ºC." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176949/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B), one at 1890 Hz, which coincided with the first and third notes, and the other at 3010 Hz, which coincided with the second note.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFBDD373FF72DF51FBD8FA5A" blockId="16.[151,1437,1150,1696]" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FF72DF51FE44FADD" bold="true" box="[198,410,1349,1375]" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is an inhabitant of leaf litter in primary and old secondary rainforests, being found by us in both ravine bottoms and on hill slopes. Its elevational range extends from at least
|
||
<quantity id="ED039B35FFBDD373FAD5DF7AFF34FA32" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="685.0" valueMax="850.0" valueMin="520.0">
|
||
520–
|
||
<specimenCount id="3CFDFD59FFBDD373FF23DF82FF34FA32" box="[151,234,1430,1456]" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" type="generic">850 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFBDD373FF4EDF82FDD8FA2D" box="[250,518,1430,1455]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bufonulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FF4EDF82FDD8FA2D" box="[250,518,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Platymantis bufonulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is syntopic with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFBDD373FD51DF82FC2BFA2D" box="[741,1013,1430,1455]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="adiastolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FD51DF82FC2BFA2D" box="[741,1013,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Platymantis adiastolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFBDD373FBBEDF82FB63FA2D" box="[1034,1213,1430,1455]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="akarithymus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FBBEDF82FB63FA2D" box="[1034,1213,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">P. akarithymus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFBDD373FB65DF82FAADFA2D" box="[1233,1395,1430,1455]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FB65DF82FAADFA2D" box="[1233,1395,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">P. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFBDD373FA32DF82FF37FA55" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FA32DF82FF37FA55" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">P. browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFBDD373FF43DFAAFEADFA55" box="[247,371,1470,1495]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gilliardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FF43DFAAFEADFA55" box="[247,371,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">P. gilliardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FE36DFAAFDF5FA55" box="[386,555,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">P. m a c ro s c e l e s</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFBDD373FD89DFAAFD6DFA55" box="[573,691,1470,1495]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratobatrachidae" genus="Platymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nexipus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FD89DFAAFD6DFA55" box="[573,691,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">P. nexipus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FD76DFAAFCE0FA55" box="[706,830,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">P. s c h m i d t i</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FC36DFAAFC22FA55" box="[898,1020,1470,1495]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">P. s u l c a t u s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="62E1655BFFBDD373FF72DFF1FD9FF922" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFBDD373FF72DFF1FE2DF9D2" blockId="16.[151,1437,1150,1696]" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FF72DFF1FE8DFA7D" bold="true" box="[198,339,1509,1535]" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name is a noun in apposition created by appending the masculine diminutive suffix “- ulus”, meaning “somewhat like”, to the generic name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDFB4D53FFBDD373FCA1DC1AFC92F9A5" box="[789,844,1550,1575]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FCA1DC1AFC92F9A5" box="[789,844,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Bufo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in reference to this species’ superficial similarity in appearance to a small toad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2A4436D0FFBDD373FF72DC49FD9FF922" blockId="16.[151,1437,1150,1696]" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="188FEAC2FFBDD373FF72DC49FEC0F9F5" bold="true" box="[198,286,1629,1655]" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Range.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the southern slopes of the Nakanai Mts. in the vicinity of the western end of Jacquinot Bay, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="52EC7640FFBDD373FE3DDC92FE04F922" box="[393,474,1670,1696]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Britain</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B2C02A55FFBDD373FE5EDC92FDEFF922" box="[490,561,1670,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1643,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,754,1610]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,754,1619]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Map of eastern New Britain showing the collecting localities for Platymantis described in this study. Asterisk indicates the range of collecting localities extending from 2.6 – 11.8 km NNW Marmar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/176948/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="29">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |