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<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFE25FDD084E3FDF7" bold="true" box="[402,683,611,638]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Nipponoluciola owadai</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFD0CFDD785F3FDF7" author="Sato &amp; Kimura" box="[699,955,612,638]" firstAuthor="Sato" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="159 - 162" refId="ref32137" refString="Sato M. &amp; Kimura M. 1994. Discovery of a new firefly of the genus Luciola (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from Kume-jima of the Ryukyu islands. Elytra, Tokyo 22 (1): 159 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994">Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFD0CFD348530FD28" blockId="39.[402,1186,611,674]" box="[699,888,647,674]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<figureCitation id="B2D52A00776AFF8BFD0CFD34856BFD28" box="[699,803,647,673]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[190,233,1928,1954]" captionStartId-1="8.[189,232,1640,1666]" captionTargetBox-0="[229,1386,1026,1882]" captionTargetBox-1="[263,1320,289,1581]" captionTargetId-0="figure-258@4.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@8.[250,1338,265,1599]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Dorsal habitus males. A. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. B. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. Drawings by I. Kawashima (AB)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Background information. A. Type specimen label, museum registry label, and excerpt of original description of Luciola cruciata Motschulsky, 1854 in ZMMU. B. Luciola picticollis Kiesenwetter, 1874, ♂, syntype (NHMUK). C. Luciola vitticollis Kiesenwetter, 1874, ♂, syntype (NHMUK). D. Excerpt from Gorham (1883) annotated by H. Suzuki and I. Kawashima. EF. Dorsal (left) and ventral aspects specimens of Luciola cruciata from E. Olivier collection in MNHN compared with types. G. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov., neotype (KPMNH). H. Luciola owadai Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994 holotype (NSMT). Image A specimen label and registry by Aleksey Gusakov (ZMMU); excerpt of original description from Biodiversity Heritage Library; images BC Luciola picticollis by Keita Matsumoto (NHMUK) https://www.flickr.com/; image D reproduced from Biodiversity Heritage Library; images EF by Christophe Rivier (MNHN); image G by I. Kawashima; image H by H. Yoshitomi (Entomological Laboratory of Ehime University)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501296" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501298" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7501296/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7501298/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2D52A00776AFF8BFC98FD348577FD2B" box="[815,831,647,674]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[212,1386,528,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-109@19.[189,1398,513,1818]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Features of male genitalia.AH. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. IQ. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. AB, E, IK. Aedeagal sheath: dorsal (A, lower portion of E shows tergite alone; I), ventral (B, upper portion of E; J), and left lateral (K) views. CD, FH, LQ. Aedeagus: ventral (C, G, O, P), dorsal (D, H, M, N), and right lateral (F, L, Q) views. Images by L. Ballantyne (AD, IM, O) and I. Kawashima (EH, N, PQ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7501304/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2D52A00776AFF8BFCFAFD348530FD28" box="[845,888,647,673]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="24.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionStartId-1="25.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox-0="[236,1294,667,1861]" captionTargetBox-1="[224,1383,645,1874]" captionTargetId-0="figure-185@24.[189,1398,659,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-106@25.[189,1398,607,1886]" captionTargetPageId-0="24" captionTargetPageId-1="25" captionText-0="Fig. 8. Dorsal habitus larvae. A. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. B. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. (Ohba et al. 1994). C. Head, dorsal view of A. Images by I. Kawashima (AB) and L. Ballantyne (C). Scale bar = 5 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 9. Larvae. AD. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. EH. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. A, C, E, GH. Dorsal view. B, D, F. Ventral view. Images by I. Kawashima (AF) and F. Satou (Kumejima Firefly Museum) (GH)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501310" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501314" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7501310/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7501314/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">89</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFF0AFD7A873CFD6A" box="[189,372,713,739]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Luciola owadai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFECBFD7A84FFFD6A" author="Sato &amp; Kimura" box="[380,695,712,739]" firstAuthor="Sato" page="159" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="159 - 162" refId="ref32137" refString="Sato M. &amp; Kimura M. 1994. Discovery of a new firefly of the genus Luciola (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from Kume-jima of the Ryukyu islands. Elytra, Tokyo 22 (1): 159 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994">Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994: 159</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFF0AFCB9873DFCAD" box="[189,373,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Luciola owadai</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFE23FCB984FFFCAD" author="Ohba" box="[404,695,778,805]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ohba" page="13 - 26" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="13 - 26" refId="ref31462" refString="Ohba N., Azuma S., Nishiyama K., Goto Y., Suzuki H., Sato Y. &amp; Kawashima I. 1994. Morphology, life history and behaviour of the firefly Luciola owadai (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum 42: 13 - 26. [In Japanese with English abstract.]" type="journal article" year="1994">
Ohba
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFE6BFCB88447FCAD" box="[476,527,778,804]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 1994: 1326
</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="AB4F1094776AFF8BFD5FFCB985D2FCAD" author="Ohba N." box="[744,922,778,804]" page="17" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFD5FFCB985D2FCAD" author="Ohba" box="[744,922,778,804]" firstAuthor="Ohba" page="17" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="17 - 21" refId="ref31242" refString="Ohba N. 1996. Ecological study of the firefly, Luciola owadai and conservation of its habitat. The Nature and Insects 31 (6): 17 - 21. [In Japanese.]" type="journal article" year="1996">Ohba 1996: 17</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="AB4F1094776AFF8BFC1FFCB98269FCAD" author="Ohba N." box="[936,1057,778,804]" page="10" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFC1FFCB98269FCAD" author="Ohba" box="[936,1057,778,804]" firstAuthor="Ohba" page="10" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref31358" refString="Ohba N. (ed.) 2004 b. Hotaru Tenmetsu no Fushigi, Chikyu no Kiseki (Mystery of Fireflies). Yokosuka City Museum, Yokosuka. [In Japanese with English title.]" type="book" year="2004" yearSuffix="b">2004b: 10</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFB98FCB982E1FCAD" author="Ohba N." box="[1071,1193,778,805]" editor="Ishiwata S. et al." journalOrPublisher="Gakken, Tokyo" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="237 - 243" refId="ref31396" refString="Ohba N. 2005. Lampyridae, Rhagophthalmidae. In: Ishiwata S. et al. (eds) Insect Larvae of Japan: 237 - 243. Gakken, Tokyo. [In Japanese.]" title="Lampyridae, Rhagophthalmidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Insect Larvae of Japan" year="2005">2005: 240</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="AB4F1094776AFF8BFB6DFCB98743FCCE" author="Suzuki H." page="19" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFB6DFCB98743FCCE" author="Suzuki" firstAuthor="Suzuki" page="19" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref32226" refString="Suzuki H. 1997. Molecular phylogenetic studies of Japanese fireflies and their mating systems (Coleoptera: Cantharoidea). Tokyo Metropolitan University Bulletin of Natural History 3: 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1997">Suzuki 1997: 19</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="AB4F1094776AFF8BFE89FC9D8473FCC1" author="Jeng M. - L. &amp; Lai J. &amp; Yang P. - S." box="[318,571,813,840]" page="543" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFE89FC9D8473FCC1" author="Jeng" box="[318,571,813,840]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jeng" page="543" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="539 - 562" refId="ref29170" refString="Jeng M. - L., Lai J. &amp; Yang P. - S. 2003. Lampyridae: a synopsis of aquatic fireflies with description of a new species. In: Jach M. A. &amp; Ji L. (eds) Water Beetles of China Vol. 3: 539 - 562. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Osterreich und Wiener Coleopterologenverein, Vienna, Austria." type="journal article" year="2003">
Jeng
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFECAFC9D87F9FCCE" box="[381,433,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2003: 543
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 550551, 553556. —
<treatmentCitation id="AB4F1094776AFF8BFCECFC9E82E6FCCE" author="Kawashima I. &amp; Suzuki H. &amp; Sato M." box="[859,1198,813,840]" page="248" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFCECFC9E82E6FCCE" author="Kawashima" box="[859,1198,813,840]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kawashima" page="248" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="241 - 261" refId="ref29704" refString="Kawashima I., Suzuki H. &amp; Sato M. 2003. A check-list of Japanese fireflies (Coleoptera, Lampyridae and Rhagophthalmidae). Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology 9 (2): 241 - 261." type="journal article" year="2003">
Kawashima
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFC47FC9D826BFCCE" box="[1008,1059,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2003: 248
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="AB4F1094776AFF8BFB57FC9E872CFCE2" author="Suzuki H. &amp; Sato Y. &amp; Ohba N. &amp; Bae J-S. &amp; Jin B-R. &amp; Sohn H-D. &amp; Kim S-E." page="297" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFB57FC9E872CFCE2" author="Suzuki" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Suzuki" page="297" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="287 - 300" refId="ref32452" refString="Suzuki H., Sato Y., Ohba N., Bae J-S., Jin B-R., Sohn H-D. &amp; Kim S-E. 2004. Phylogeographic analysis of the firefly, Luciola lateralis, in Japan and Korea based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Biochemical Genetics 42 (9 / 10): 287 - 300. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / B: BIGI. 0000039805.75118.8 f" type="journal article" year="2004">
Suzuki
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFA8BFC9D8338FCCE" box="[1340,1392,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al</emphasis>
. 2004: 297
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. —
<treatmentCitation id="AB4F1094776AFF8BFE23FCE384A1FCE2" author="Geisthardt M. &amp; Sato M." box="[404,745,848,875]" page="232" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFE23FCE384A1FCE2" author="Geisthardt &amp; Sato" box="[404,745,848,875]" firstAuthor="Geisthardt" page="232" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="225 - 234" refId="ref28359" refString="Geisthardt M. &amp; Sato M. 2007. Lampyridae. In: Lobl I. &amp; Smetana A. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 4: 225 - 234. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark." type="journal article" year="2007">Geisthardt &amp; Satô 2007: 232</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62F4650E776AFF8BFF0AFC218343FBA8" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFF0AFC21877EFC25" blockId="39.[189,310,914,940]" box="[189,310,914,940]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="711981E9776AFF8BFF0AFC21877EFC25" bold="true" box="[189,310,914,940]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFF0AFC21877EFC25" bold="true" box="[189,310,914,940]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFF0AFC738343FBA8" blockId="39.[189,1398,960,1058]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D06776AFF8BFE07FC73849BFC53" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[432,723,960,986]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata" status="gen. et comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFE07FC73849BFC53" box="[432,723,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Nipponoluciola cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03A957EC776AFF8BFD68FC72858AFC52" box="[735,962,960,987]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">gen. et comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the yellowish orange pronotum, (where the underlying fat body is yellowish), MS and MN (the pronotum of
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D06776AFF8BFB89FC57828AFC74" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1086,1218,996,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFB89FC57828AFC74" box="[1086,1218,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">N. cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has underlying pink fat body and a median dark marking in most specimens, and the MS is black) (
<figureCitation id="B2D52A00776AFF8BFB24FBB482B5FBA8" box="[1171,1277,1031,1057]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[190,233,1928,1954]" captionStartId-1="8.[189,232,1640,1666]" captionTargetBox-0="[229,1386,1026,1882]" captionTargetBox-1="[263,1320,289,1581]" captionTargetId-0="figure-258@4.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@8.[250,1338,265,1599]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Dorsal habitus males. A. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. B. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. Drawings by I. Kawashima (AB)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Background information. A. Type specimen label, museum registry label, and excerpt of original description of Luciola cruciata Motschulsky, 1854 in ZMMU. B. Luciola picticollis Kiesenwetter, 1874, ♂, syntype (NHMUK). C. Luciola vitticollis Kiesenwetter, 1874, ♂, syntype (NHMUK). D. Excerpt from Gorham (1883) annotated by H. Suzuki and I. Kawashima. EF. Dorsal (left) and ventral aspects specimens of Luciola cruciata from E. Olivier collection in MNHN compared with types. G. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov., neotype (KPMNH). H. Luciola owadai Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994 holotype (NSMT). Image A specimen label and registry by Aleksey Gusakov (ZMMU); excerpt of original description from Biodiversity Heritage Library; images BC Luciola picticollis by Keita Matsumoto (NHMUK) https://www.flickr.com/; image D reproduced from Biodiversity Heritage Library; images EF by Christophe Rivier (MNHN); image G by I. Kawashima; image H by H. Yoshitomi (Entomological Laboratory of Ehime University)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501296" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501298" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7501296/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7501298/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62F4650E776AFF8BFF0AFBFB87EBFA97" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFF0AFBFB87E2FBEB" blockId="39.[189,426,1096,1122]" box="[189,426,1096,1122]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="711981E9776AFF8BFF0AFBFB87E2FBEB" bold="true" box="[189,426,1096,1122]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFF0AFBFB87E2FBEB" bold="true" box="[189,426,1096,1122]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFF0AFBC487EBFA97" blockId="39.[189,1399,1143,1310]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<materialsCitation id="9A863CD8776AFF8BFF0AFBC4879EFB3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012829329" collectingDate="1993-04-25" collectionCode="CIK" collectorName="I. Kawashima" country="Japan" location="Mt Uegusuku-dake" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Okinawa">
<collectingCountry id="52F97615776AFF8BFF0AFBC4875EFB18" box="[189,278,1143,1169]" name="Japan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFE81FBC485CBFB18" bold="true" box="[310,899,1143,1169]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Kume-jima Is.,
<collectingRegion id="E82AF867776AFF8BFE4AFBC48427FB18" box="[509,623,1143,1169]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
Isls, Middle Ryukyus
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="3CE8FD0C776AFF8BFC28FBC48586FB18" box="[927,974,1143,1169]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="2F31605E776AFF8BFC69FBC4828DFB18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A2478793776AFF85FE25FDD08513FB97:2F31605E776AFF8BFC69FBC4828DFB18" box="[990,1221,1143,1169]" country="Japan" name="Mt Uegusuku-dake" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Okinawa">Mt Uegusuku-dake</location>
;
<date id="5E501045776AFF8BFB64FBC4833AFB18" box="[1235,1394,1143,1170]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1993-04-25">
<collectingDate id="4E14E9AD776AFF8BFB64FBC4833AFB18" box="[1235,1394,1143,1170]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1993-04-25">25 Apr. 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="871B5353776AFF8BFF0AFB288728FB3D" box="[189,352,1178,1205]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">I. Kawashima</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="4CFFAE40776AFF8BFE14FB29879EFB3D" box="[419,470,1178,1204]" collectionName="CIK" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CIK</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9A863CD8776AFF8BFE58FB2982BFFB3D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012829346" box="[495,1271,1178,1207]" collectingDate="1993-04-25" collectionCode="CIK" collectorName="I. Kawashima" country="Japan" location="Ota-gawa Riv." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Isls, Middle Ryukyus">
<specimenCount id="3CE8FD0C776AFF8BFE58FB29847BFB3C" box="[495,563,1178,1205]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="3CE8FD0C776AFF8BFDF7FB298426FB3C" box="[576,622,1178,1205]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="2F31605E776AFF8BFDCBFB288561FB3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A2478793776AFF85FE25FDD08513FB97:2F31605E776AFF8BFDCBFB288561FB3D" box="[636,809,1178,1207]" country="Japan" name="Ota-gawa Riv." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Isls, Middle Ryukyus">Ôta-gawa Riv.</location>
;
<date id="5E501045776AFF8BFC81FB29859AFB3D" box="[822,978,1178,1205]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1993-04-25">
<collectingDate id="4E14E9AD776AFF8BFC81FB29859AFB3D" box="[822,978,1178,1205]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1993-04-25">25 Apr. 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="871B5353776AFF8BFC69FB2882C9FB3D" box="[990,1153,1178,1205]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">I. Kawashima</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="4CFFAE40776AFF8BFB73FB2982BFFB3D" box="[1220,1271,1178,1204]" collectionName="CIK" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CIK</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9A863CD8776AFF8BFAA7FB29856FFB5E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012829323" collectingDate="1993-12-27" collectionCode="CIK" collectorName="Y. Goto" country="Japan" location="Shirase-gawa Riv." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-larva="2" stateProvince="Isls, Middle Ryukyus">
<specimenCount id="3CE8FD0C776AFF8BFAA7FB29833AFB3D" box="[1296,1394,1178,1204]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
;
<location id="2F31605E776AFF8BFF0AFB0E87DFFB5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A2478793776AFF85FE25FDD08513FB97:2F31605E776AFF8BFF0AFB0E87DFFB5E" box="[189,407,1213,1239]" country="Japan" name="Shirase-gawa Riv." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Isls, Middle Ryukyus">Shirase-gawa Riv.</location>
;
<date id="5E501045776AFF8BFE13FB0E840FFB5E" box="[420,583,1213,1240]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1993-12-27">
<collectingDate id="4E14E9AD776AFF8BFE13FB0E840FFB5E" box="[420,583,1213,1240]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1993-12-27">27 Dec. 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="871B5353776AFF8BFDE3FB0D84F8FB5E" box="[596,688,1213,1240]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Y. Goto</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="4CFFAE40776AFF8BFD43FB0E856FFB5E" box="[756,807,1213,1239]" collectionName="CIK" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">CIK</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9A863CD8776AFF8BFCF5FB0E8553FB72" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012829315" collectingDate="1994-04-26" collectionCode="YCM" collectorName="Y. Goto" country="Japan" location="Shirase-gawa Riv." pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="28" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="20" stateProvince="Isls, Middle Ryukyus" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="3CE8FD0C776AFF8BFCF5FB0E85DEFB51" box="[834,918,1213,1240]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="male">20 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="3CE8FD0C776AFF8BFC13FB0E85AFFB51" box="[932,999,1213,1240]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="female">8 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="F5558827776AFF8BFC4FFB0E8227FB5E" box="[1016,1135,1213,1239]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
); same collection data as for preceding;
<date id="5E501045776AFF8BFE39FB538464FB72" box="[398,556,1248,1275]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1994-04-26">
<collectingDate id="4E14E9AD776AFF8BFE39FB538464FB72" box="[398,556,1248,1275]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1994-04-26">26 Apr. 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="871B5353776AFF8BFD8FFB5284DDFB72" box="[568,661,1249,1275]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Y. Goto</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="4CFFAE40776AFF8BFD6FFB528553FB72" box="[728,795,1249,1275]" collectionName="YCM" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/573v-bfnq" name="Yokosuka City Museum" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">YCM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9A863CD8776AFF8BFC80FB5287E8FA97" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4012829342" collectingDate="1994-04-28" collectionCode="YCM" collectorName="Y. Goto" country="Japan" location="Shimajiri" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Isls, Middle Ryukyus" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="3CE8FD0C776AFF8BFC80FB528534FB72" box="[823,892,1249,1275]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="male">7 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="3CE8FD0C776AFF8BFC3DFB5285F0FB72" box="[906,952,1249,1275]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<typeStatus id="F5558827776AFF8BFC7FFB528277FB72" box="[968,1087,1249,1275]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
);
<location id="2F31605E776AFF8BFBE2FB53828EFB73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A2478793776AFF85FE25FDD08513FB97:2F31605E776AFF8BFBE2FB53828EFB73" box="[1109,1222,1248,1274]" country="Japan" name="Shimajiri" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Isls, Middle Ryukyus">Shimajiri</location>
;
<date id="5E501045776AFF8BFB64FB52833AFB72" box="[1235,1394,1249,1275]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1994-04-28">
<collectingDate id="4E14E9AD776AFF8BFB64FB52833AFB72" box="[1235,1394,1249,1275]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1994-04-28">28 Apr. 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="871B5353776AFF8BFF0AFAB78750FA97" box="[189,280,1284,1310]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Y. Goto</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="4CFFAE40776AFF8BFEEEFAB787E8FA97" box="[345,416,1284,1310]" collectionName="YCM" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/573v-bfnq" name="Yokosuka City Museum" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">YCM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62F4650E776AFF8BFF0AFAF687B3F9B7" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFF0AFAF6874BFAD6" blockId="39.[189,259,1349,1375]" box="[189,259,1349,1375]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="711981E9776AFF8BFF0AFAF6874BFAD6" bold="true" box="[189,259,1349,1375]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFF0AFAF6874BFAD6" bold="true" box="[189,259,1349,1375]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Notes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFF0AFAC087B3F9B7" blockId="39.[189,1399,1395,1598]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
Locality labels on the type specimen were incorrectly quoted in
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFC1EFAC782F8FA07" author="Sato &amp; Kimura" box="[937,1200,1395,1422]" firstAuthor="Sato" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="159 - 162" refId="ref32137" refString="Sato M. &amp; Kimura M. 1994. Discovery of a new firefly of the genus Luciola (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from Kume-jima of the Ryukyu islands. Elytra, Tokyo 22 (1): 159 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994">Satô &amp; Kimura (1994)</bibRefCitation>
and are repeated here in their correct form (
<figureCitation id="B2D52A00776AFF8BFDB2FA24842EFA38" box="[517,614,1431,1457]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1640,1666]" captionTargetBox="[263,1320,289,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[250,1338,265,1599]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. Background information. A. Type specimen label, museum registry label, and excerpt of original description of Luciola cruciata Motschulsky, 1854 in ZMMU. B. Luciola picticollis Kiesenwetter, 1874, ♂, syntype (NHMUK). C. Luciola vitticollis Kiesenwetter, 1874, ♂, syntype (NHMUK). D. Excerpt from Gorham (1883) annotated by H. Suzuki and I. Kawashima. EF. Dorsal (left) and ventral aspects specimens of Luciola cruciata from E. Olivier collection in MNHN compared with types. G. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov., neotype (KPMNH). H. Luciola owadai Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994 holotype (NSMT). Image A specimen label and registry by Aleksey Gusakov (ZMMU); excerpt of original description from Biodiversity Heritage Library; images BC Luciola picticollis by Keita Matsumoto (NHMUK) https://www.flickr.com/; image D reproduced from Biodiversity Heritage Library; images EF by Christophe Rivier (MNHN); image G by I. Kawashima; image H by H. Yoshitomi (Entomological Laboratory of Ehime University)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501298" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7501298/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
) as follows (from top to bottom, a slash indicates a line break): Kumejima-Uegusuku-dake, Minami (in Japanese “Kanji” characters) /
<collectingCountry id="52F97615776AFF8BFC4CFA088209FA5C" box="[1019,1089,1467,1493]" name="Japan" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Ryukyus / Kumejima Is. / Mt. Uegusuku (south) /
<specimenCount id="3CE8FD0C776AFF8BFE61FA6E8451FA71" box="[470,537,1501,1528]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">
<quantity id="ED169B60776AFF8BFE61FA6E845DFA71" box="[470,533,1501,1528]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<date id="5E501045776AFF8BFD96FA6E84FAFA7E" box="[545,690,1501,1528]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1993-04-27">27. IV. 1993</date>
/ Mamoru Owada leg. (original white label, printed in black ink);
<typeStatus id="F5558827776AFF8BFF49F9B287D1F992" box="[254,409,1537,1563]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D06776AFF8BFE02F9B38427F993" authorityName="Sato &amp; Kimura" authorityYear="1994" box="[437,623,1536,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="owadai">
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFE02F9B38427F993" box="[437,623,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Luciola owadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ M.
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFD1AF9B285F8F992" author="Sato et Kimura" box="[685,944,1536,1563]" firstAuthor="Sato" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="159 - 162" refId="ref32137" refString="Sato M. &amp; Kimura M. 1994. Discovery of a new firefly of the genus Luciola (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from Kume-jima of the Ryukyu islands. Elytra, Tokyo 22 (1): 159 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994">Satô et Kimura, 1994</bibRefCitation>
/ DET. M.
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFB88F9B28285F992" author="SATO" box="[1087,1229,1537,1565]" firstAuthor="SATO" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="159 - 162" refId="ref32137" refString="Sato M. &amp; Kimura M. 1994. Discovery of a new firefly of the genus Luciola (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from Kume-jima of the Ryukyu islands. Elytra, Tokyo 22 (1): 159 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994">SATÔ 1994</bibRefCitation>
(red
<typeStatus id="F5558827776AFF8BFAA7F9B3833FF993" box="[1296,1399,1536,1562]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
label, printed in black ink).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62F4650E776AFF85FF0AF9D682D3FD1D" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFF0AF9D68706F9F6" blockId="39.[189,334,1637,1663]" box="[189,334,1637,1663]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="711981E9776AFF8BFF0AF9D68706F9F6" bold="true" box="[189,334,1637,1663]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFF0AF9D68706F9F6" bold="true" box="[189,334,1637,1663]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFF5DF92787E2F927" blockId="39.[189,522,1683,1746]" box="[234,426,1683,1710]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFF5DF9278762F927" bold="true" box="[234,298,1684,1710]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B2D52A00776AFF8BFE8EF92087E9F927" box="[313,417,1683,1710]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[190,233,1928,1954]" captionStartId-1="8.[189,232,1640,1666]" captionTargetBox-0="[229,1386,1026,1882]" captionTargetBox-1="[263,1320,289,1581]" captionTargetId-0="figure-258@4.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@8.[250,1338,265,1599]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Dorsal habitus males. A. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. B. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. Drawings by I. Kawashima (AB)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Background information. A. Type specimen label, museum registry label, and excerpt of original description of Luciola cruciata Motschulsky, 1854 in ZMMU. B. Luciola picticollis Kiesenwetter, 1874, ♂, syntype (NHMUK). C. Luciola vitticollis Kiesenwetter, 1874, ♂, syntype (NHMUK). D. Excerpt from Gorham (1883) annotated by H. Suzuki and I. Kawashima. EF. Dorsal (left) and ventral aspects specimens of Luciola cruciata from E. Olivier collection in MNHN compared with types. G. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov., neotype (KPMNH). H. Luciola owadai Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994 holotype (NSMT). Image A specimen label and registry by Aleksey Gusakov (ZMMU); excerpt of original description from Biodiversity Heritage Library; images BC Luciola picticollis by Keita Matsumoto (NHMUK) https://www.flickr.com/; image D reproduced from Biodiversity Heritage Library; images EF by Christophe Rivier (MNHN); image G by I. Kawashima; image H by H. Yoshitomi (Entomological Laboratory of Ehime University)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501296" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501298" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7501296/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7501298/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 12</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFF0AF9048442F958" blockId="39.[189,522,1683,1746]" box="[189,522,1719,1746]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
BODY LENGTH.
<quantity id="ED169B60776AFF8BFED0F904844EF958" box="[359,518,1719,1746]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.265" metricValueMax="1.58" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="12.65" valueMax="15.8" valueMin="9.5">9.515.8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFF0AF94B8455F8F5" blockId="39.[189,1401,1784,1916]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
COLOUR (
<figureCitation id="B2D52A00776AFF8BFE99F94B87D4F89B" box="[302,412,1784,1810]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[190,233,1928,1954]" captionStartId-1="8.[189,232,1640,1666]" captionTargetBox-0="[229,1386,1026,1882]" captionTargetBox-1="[263,1320,289,1581]" captionTargetId-0="figure-258@4.[189,1398,995,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@8.[250,1338,265,1599]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Dorsal habitus males. A. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. B. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. Drawings by I. Kawashima (AB)." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Background information. A. Type specimen label, museum registry label, and excerpt of original description of Luciola cruciata Motschulsky, 1854 in ZMMU. B. Luciola picticollis Kiesenwetter, 1874, ♂, syntype (NHMUK). C. Luciola vitticollis Kiesenwetter, 1874, ♂, syntype (NHMUK). D. Excerpt from Gorham (1883) annotated by H. Suzuki and I. Kawashima. EF. Dorsal (left) and ventral aspects specimens of Luciola cruciata from E. Olivier collection in MNHN compared with types. G. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov., neotype (KPMNH). H. Luciola owadai Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994 holotype (NSMT). Image A specimen label and registry by Aleksey Gusakov (ZMMU); excerpt of original description from Biodiversity Heritage Library; images BC Luciola picticollis by Keita Matsumoto (NHMUK) https://www.flickr.com/; image D reproduced from Biodiversity Heritage Library; images EF by Christophe Rivier (MNHN); image G by I. Kawashima; image H by H. Yoshitomi (Entomological Laboratory of Ehime University)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501296" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501298" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7501296/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7501298/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figs 12</figureCitation>
). All of body including head, mouthparts and antennae, ventral thorax, legs and abdomen, black, except for yellowish orange pronotum (with underlying yellowish fat body), having no median darker markings, yellowish MN and MS, and white LO in V6, 7. Pronotal width/GHW 1.391.46. GHW/SIW: 44.8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A513685776AFF8BFF0AF81082B1F837" blockId="39.[189,1273,1955,1982]" box="[189,1273,1955,1982]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
ABDOMEN. As depicted in
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B74776AFF8BFE5DF81784FAF834" author="Jeng" box="[490,690,1955,1982]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jeng" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="539 - 562" refId="ref29170" refString="Jeng M. - L., Lai J. &amp; Yang P. - S. 2003. Lampyridae: a synopsis of aquatic fireflies with description of a new species. In: Jach M. A. &amp; Ji L. (eds) Water Beetles of China Vol. 3: 539 - 562. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Osterreich und Wiener Coleopterologenverein, Vienna, Austria." type="journal article" year="2003">
Jeng
<emphasis id="189AEA97776AFF8BFD90F817842AF834" box="[551,610,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
(2003
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 8), with a short broad apically rounded MPP.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF0AFEBA8451FECF" blockId="40.[189,1399,265,327]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
AEDEAGAL SHEATH (
<figureCitation id="B2D52A007765FF84FE2BFEBA87ABFEAD" box="[412,483,265,292]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[212,1386,528,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-109@19.[189,1398,513,1818]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Features of male genitalia.AH. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. IQ. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. AB, E, IK. Aedeagal sheath: dorsal (A, lower portion of E shows tergite alone; I), ventral (B, upper portion of E; J), and left lateral (K) views. CD, FH, LQ. Aedeagus: ventral (C, G, O, P), dorsal (D, H, M, N), and right lateral (F, L, Q) views. Images by L. Ballantyne (AD, IM, O) and I. Kawashima (EH, N, PQ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7501304/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Sheath sternite widely emarginated on right side, and scarcely so on left (see also
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B747765FF84FF44FE9E87FAFECF" author="Jeng" box="[243,434,300,327]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jeng" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="539 - 562" refId="ref29170" refString="Jeng M. - L., Lai J. &amp; Yang P. - S. 2003. Lampyridae: a synopsis of aquatic fireflies with description of a new species. In: Jach M. A. &amp; Ji L. (eds) Water Beetles of China Vol. 3: 539 - 562. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Osterreich und Wiener Coleopterologenverein, Vienna, Austria." type="journal article" year="2003">
Jeng
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FE86FE9E8723FECF" box="[305,363,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 28).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF0AFEDD8793FD9D" blockId="40.[189,1401,365,532]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
AEDEAGUS (
<figureCitation id="B2D52A007765FF84FEF3FEDD87C3FE01" box="[324,395,365,392]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[191,234,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[212,1386,528,1794]" captionTargetId="figure-109@19.[189,1398,513,1818]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 5. Features of male genitalia.AH. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. IQ. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. AB, E, IK. Aedeagal sheath: dorsal (A, lower portion of E shows tergite alone; I), ventral (B, upper portion of E; J), and left lateral (K) views. CD, FH, LQ. Aedeagus: ventral (C, G, O, P), dorsal (D, H, M, N), and right lateral (F, L, Q) views. Images by L. Ballantyne (AD, IM, O) and I. Kawashima (EH, N, PQ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501304" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7501304/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). BP well sclerotised; median anterior margin of BP with deep and well-defined notch (see also
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B747765FF84FE85FE2287B4FE22" author="Jeng" box="[306,508,401,427]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jeng" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="539 - 562" refId="ref29170" refString="Jeng M. - L., Lai J. &amp; Yang P. - S. 2003. Lampyridae: a synopsis of aquatic fireflies with description of a new species. In: Jach M. A. &amp; Ji L. (eds) Water Beetles of China Vol. 3: 539 - 562. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Osterreich und Wiener Coleopterologenverein, Vienna, Austria." type="journal article" year="2003">
Jeng
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FEC4FE2187FAFE22" box="[371,434,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 34); lateral margins of ML subparallel-sided in basal 7/₁₀, gradually narrowing in apical 3/₁₀. LL/ML 2.81; LL apex width considerably wider than width of apex of ML; dorsal base of LL symmetrical; apex of ML depressed on both sides; the outline of apex rounded when viewed from either side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF0AFD8F85D0FDF0" blockId="40.[189,1399,572,633]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">AEDEAGAL PATTERNS. Since the distribution of this species is limited to the small island Kume-jima Is., there is little individual variation in the shape of the aedeagus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF5DFD1287F1FD32" blockId="40.[189,576,672,734]" box="[234,441,672,699]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FF5DFD12870DFD32" bold="true" box="[234,325,673,699]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Female</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B2D52A007765FF84FEE1FD1387E7FD32" box="[342,431,672,699]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[209,1394,542,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-87@22.[189,1398,538,1747]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Female morphology. A, C-J. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. ♀ (Doubaru, Japan; ANIC). B. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. AB. Habitus, dorsal view. CD. Abdomen, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) view. EG. Female reproductive tract. E. With ovipositor to right and SDG to left. F. Area of bursa. G. Spermatheca to left. H. MO plate posterior end to right. I. V8 ventral surface. J. Ovipositor. Abbreviations: MO = median oviduct; MOP = median oviduct plate; SDG = spermatophore digesting gland; SP = spermatheca; ST = styli; V = valvifers. Images by I. Kawashima (AB) and by L. Ballantyne (CJ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7501308/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF0AFD778408FD57" blockId="40.[189,576,672,734]" box="[189,576,708,734]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Macropterous and flight capable.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF0AFCB58451FCA9" blockId="40.[189,537,773,800]" box="[189,537,773,800]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
BODY LENGTH.
<quantity id="ED169B607765FF84FED0FCB6845DFCA9" box="[359,533,773,800]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" metricValueMax="1.5699999999999998" metricValueMin="1.31" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="14.399999999999999" valueMax="15.7" valueMin="13.1">13.115.7 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF0AFCF4832BFB99" blockId="40.[187,1401,838,1041]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
COLOUR (
<figureCitation id="B2D52A007765FF84FE93FCF58734FCE8" box="[292,380,838,865]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[190,233,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[209,1394,542,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-87@22.[189,1398,538,1747]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 7. Female morphology. A, C-J. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. ♀ (Doubaru, Japan; ANIC). B. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. AB. Habitus, dorsal view. CD. Abdomen, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) view. EG. Female reproductive tract. E. With ovipositor to right and SDG to left. F. Area of bursa. G. Spermatheca to left. H. MO plate posterior end to right. I. V8 ventral surface. J. Ovipositor. Abbreviations: MO = median oviduct; MOP = median oviduct plate; SDG = spermatophore digesting gland; SP = spermatheca; ST = styli; V = valvifers. Images by I. Kawashima (AB) and by L. Ballantyne (CJ)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7501308/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Colouration as in male except for whitish LO in V6 (
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B747765FF84FC6DFCF4828FFCE8" author="Sato &amp; Kimura" box="[986,1223,838,865]" firstAuthor="Sato" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="159 - 162" refId="ref32137" refString="Sato M. &amp; Kimura M. 1994. Discovery of a new firefly of the genus Luciola (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from Kume-jima of the Ryukyu islands. Elytra, Tokyo 22 (1): 159 - 162." type="journal article" year="1994">Satô &amp; Kimura 1994</bibRefCitation>
describe this as the 5
<superScript id="DD9B9BCD7765FF84FF42FCDA874AFCFE" attach="left" box="[245,258,873,887]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">th</superScript>
abdominal segment) occupying all but a narrow transparent posterior margin; V7 mostly black, not transparent as that of female of
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067765FF84FD90FC3D84E0FC2E" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[551,680,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FD90FC3D8473FC2E" box="[551,571,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FDFEFC3D84E0FC2E" box="[585,680,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and no underlying fat bodies visible; basal portion of V7 may have irregular and indistinct pale patches where the blackish pigmentation appears to be lost; V8 black; dorsal surface of all tergites (up to T8) and dorsally reflexed margins of ventrites (to V5, and V7, V8) dark brown to black; T6 black with outer margins of dorsally reflexed parts of V6 white and semitransparent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF0AFB8A848DFBDB" blockId="40.[189,709,1080,1107]" box="[189,709,1080,1107]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">PRONOTUM. Pronotal width/GHW 1.741.86.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF0AFBC9845CFB1D" blockId="40.[189,532,1146,1172]" box="[189,532,1146,1172]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">HEAD. GHW/SIW 2.782.90.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF0AFB0887F2FAB7" blockId="40.[189,1398,1211,1343]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
ABDOMEN. Posterior margin of V7 shallowly and narrowly emarginated as in
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B747765FF84FBF1FB088346FB5C" author="Jeng" box="[1094,1294,1211,1237]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jeng" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="539 - 562" refId="ref29170" refString="Jeng M. - L., Lai J. &amp; Yang P. - S. 2003. Lampyridae: a synopsis of aquatic fireflies with description of a new species. In: Jach M. A. &amp; Ji L. (eds) Water Beetles of China Vol. 3: 539 - 562. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Osterreich und Wiener Coleopterologenverein, Vienna, Austria." type="journal article" year="2003">
Jeng
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FB33FB0F82FFFB5C" box="[1156,1207,1211,1237]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
. (2003
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 16). Lateral margins of V8 converge posteriorly; with the median posterior margin very shallowly and narrowly emarginated.
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B747765FF84FE78FAB184D1FA92" author="Jeng" box="[463,665,1281,1308]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jeng" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="539 - 562" refId="ref29170" refString="Jeng M. - L., Lai J. &amp; Yang P. - S. 2003. Lampyridae: a synopsis of aquatic fireflies with description of a new species. In: Jach M. A. &amp; Ji L. (eds) Water Beetles of China Vol. 3: 539 - 562. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Osterreich und Wiener Coleopterologenverein, Vienna, Austria." type="journal article" year="2003">
Jeng
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FDB9FAB18402FA92" box="[526,586,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
(2003
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 16) depict the posterior margin of V7 with a shallow and narrow emargination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF0AFAD58319FA4F" blockId="40.[189,1399,1382,1478]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Well defined thin walled SDG; MOP trapezoidal, filling half of the median oviduct, with the anterior margin almost straight; lateral margins straight and convergent toward the posterior margin; posterior margin nearly straight but slightly irregular. Ovipositor elongate slender.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF5DFA5D8449F981" blockId="40.[188,1401,1518,1896]" box="[234,513,1518,1544]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FF5DFA5D877FF981" bold="true" box="[234,311,1518,1544]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Larva</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B2D52A007765FF84FEF1FA5D87EFF981" box="[326,423,1518,1544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[236,1294,667,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-185@24.[189,1398,659,1884]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 8. Dorsal habitus larvae. A. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. B. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. (Ohba et al. 1994). C. Head, dorsal view of A. Images by I. Kawashima (AB) and L. Ballantyne (C). Scale bar = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7501310/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figs 8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2D52A007765FF84FE04FA5D87B1F981" box="[435,505,1518,1544]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[224,1383,645,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-106@25.[189,1398,607,1886]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 9. Larvae. AD. Nipponoluciola cruciata (Motschulsky, 1854) gen. et comb. nov. EH. Nipponoluciola owadai (Satô &amp; Kimura, 1994) gen. et comb. nov. A, C, E, GH. Dorsal view. B, D, F. Ventral view. Images by I. Kawashima (AF) and F. Satou (Kumejima Firefly Museum) (GH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7501314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7501314/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">9EH</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857765FF84FF0AF9A28442F8E1" blockId="40.[188,1401,1518,1896]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
Approx. body length
<quantity id="ED169B607765FF84FE75F9A28450F9A2" box="[450,536,1553,1579]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
(specimens measured were severely shrunken due to ethanol fixation); maximum (median) length of protergum
<quantity id="ED169B607765FF84FD12F987854BF9C6" box="[677,771,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
; maximum width of protergum
<quantity id="ED169B607765FF84FBC8F9878296F9C6" box="[1151,1246,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
. Penultimate instar larvae were examined. The larvae of this species closely resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067765FF84FB3CF9EB8358F9F8" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1163,1296,1624,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FB3CF9EB82D5F9F8" box="[1163,1181,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FB19F9EB8358F9F8" box="[1198,1296,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and are not clearly distinguishable from each other in general appearance and morphological characteristics. However, the ground colour of the membranous body of
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067765FF84FCDFF92C85A9F931" authorityName="Sato &amp; Kimura" authorityYear="1994" box="[872,993,1694,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="owadai">
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FCDFF92C85A9F931" box="[872,993,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">N. owadai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much paler (
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B747765FF84FB2CF92D8321F931" author="Ohba" box="[1179,1385,1694,1720]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ohba" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="13 - 26" refId="ref31462" refString="Ohba N., Azuma S., Nishiyama K., Goto Y., Suzuki H., Sato Y. &amp; Kawashima I. 1994. Morphology, life history and behaviour of the firefly Luciola owadai (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum 42: 13 - 26. [In Japanese with English abstract.]" type="journal article" year="1994">
Ohba
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FB50F92C836AF931" box="[1255,1314,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
), light to greyish brown, while that of
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067765FF84FDD6F97184ADF952" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[609,741,1729,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FDD6F971843DF952" box="[609,629,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FD34F97184ADF952" box="[643,741,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is dark to blackish brown, and it differs from
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067765FF84FB45F971833FF952" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1266,1399,1729,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FB45F971834EF952" box="[1266,1286,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">N</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FAA2F971833FF952" box="[1301,1399,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the tendency of the pale markings on the lateral margins of pronotum to separate anteriorly and posteriorly into four independent spots.
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B747765FF84FD2DF8B4853DF8A8" author="Ohba" box="[666,885,1799,1826]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ohba" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="13 - 26" refId="ref31462" refString="Ohba N., Azuma S., Nishiyama K., Goto Y., Suzuki H., Sato Y. &amp; Kawashima I. 1994. Morphology, life history and behaviour of the firefly Luciola owadai (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum 42: 13 - 26. [In Japanese with English abstract.]" type="journal article" year="1994">
Ohba
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FD53F8BB855FF8A8" box="[740,791,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
. (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
recorded 12 abdominal pygopodia in what was possibly the last instar larva.
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B747765FF84FDF5F8988542F8CC" author="Jeng" box="[578,778,1834,1861]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jeng" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" pagination="539 - 562" refId="ref29170" refString="Jeng M. - L., Lai J. &amp; Yang P. - S. 2003. Lampyridae: a synopsis of aquatic fireflies with description of a new species. In: Jach M. A. &amp; Ji L. (eds) Water Beetles of China Vol. 3: 539 - 562. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Osterreich und Wiener Coleopterologenverein, Vienna, Austria." type="journal article" year="2003">
Jeng
<emphasis id="189AEA977765FF84FDCCF89884E5F8CD" box="[635,685,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">et al</emphasis>
. (2003)
</bibRefCitation>
considered the basal row of pygopods was composed of four retractable filaments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857764FF85FF0AFEBA8783FEAB" blockId="41.[189,459,264,291]" box="[189,459,264,291]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="711981E97764FF85FF0AFEBA8783FEAB" bold="true" box="[189,459,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
<emphasis id="189AEA977764FF85FF0AFEBA8783FEAB" bold="true" box="[189,459,264,291]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Flash communication</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857764FF85FF0AFE848787FD8B" blockId="41.[187,1399,311,514]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
The flash pattern of both sexes of this species is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067764FF85FC6EFE8B8213FED8" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[985,1115,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="189AEA977764FF85FC6EFE8B8213FED8" box="[985,1115,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">N. cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the communication system is the same as that of
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067764FF85FD96FEE884EDFEFD" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[545,677,347,372]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="189AEA977764FF85FD96FEE884EDFEFD" box="[545,677,347,372]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">N. cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Synchronous flashing of the males is similar to that of east
<collectingCountry id="52F976157764FF85FF0AFECD8748FE11" box="[189,256,382,408]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Japan</collectingCountry>
populations of
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067764FF85FE01FECD8472FE1E" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[438,570,382,407]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="189AEA977764FF85FE01FECD8472FE1E" box="[438,570,382,407]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">N. cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the flash interval gets shorter over time, from 4 sec to 3 and 2 sec. However, unlike the west
<collectingCountry id="52F976157764FF85FE43FE12847FFE32" box="[500,567,417,443]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Japan</collectingCountry>
populations of
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067764FF85FD44FE12853FFE33" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[755,887,417,442]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="189AEA977764FF85FD44FE12853FFE33" box="[755,887,417,442]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">N. cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the synchronous flashing does not last for a long time but continues intermittently through the night. Thus, it has characteristics of both east and west
<collectingCountry id="52F976157764FF85FF4CFE5B8776FD8B" box="[251,318,488,514]" name="Japan" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Japan</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067764FF85FEF3FE5B8780FD88" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[324,456,488,513]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="189AEA977764FF85FEF3FE5B8780FD88" box="[324,456,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">N. cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857764FF85FF0AFD9B87F7FDCB" blockId="41.[189,447,552,578]" box="[189,447,552,578]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="711981E97764FF85FF0AFD9B87F7FDCB" bold="true" box="[189,447,552,578]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
<emphasis id="189AEA977764FF85FF0AFD9B87F7FDCB" bold="true" box="[189,447,552,578]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Spawning behaviour</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857764FF85FF0AFDE482D3FD1D" blockId="41.[189,1398,599,661]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
Females gather and lay eggs on the moss near water as in the western Japanese form of
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067764FF85FB5CFDEB8327FDF8" authorityName="Ballantyne &amp; Kawashima &amp; Jusoh &amp; Suzuki" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1259,1391,600,625]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Nipponoluciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="189AEA977764FF85FB5CFDEB8327FDF8" box="[1259,1391,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">N. cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, they gather all at once just before dawn, not one after another in the night.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62F4650E7764FF85FF0AFD0F8513FB97" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2A5136857764FF85FF0AFD0F8767FD5F" blockId="41.[189,303,700,726]" box="[189,303,700,726]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="711981E97764FF85FF0AFD0F8767FD5F" bold="true" box="[189,303,700,726]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
<emphasis id="189AEA977764FF85FF0AFD0F8767FD5F" bold="true" box="[189,303,700,726]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A5136857764FF85FF0AFD598513FB97" blockId="41.[188,1400,746,1054]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
This species is designated both a natural monument of
<collectingRegion id="E82AF8677764FF85FC81FD598256FC8D" box="[822,1054,746,772]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Okinawa Prefecture</collectingRegion>
and an endangered species of wild fauna and flora under the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties and the Act on Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, respectively. It is now difficult if not impossible to obtain specimens of this endangered species in the locality, Kume-jima Is. The few specimens examined by IK are listed above. All other remarks about this species are referenced.
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B747764FF85FB91FCC482B4FC18" author="Ohba" box="[1062,1276,887,913]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ohba" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="13 - 26" refId="ref31462" refString="Ohba N., Azuma S., Nishiyama K., Goto Y., Suzuki H., Sato Y. &amp; Kawashima I. 1994. Morphology, life history and behaviour of the firefly Luciola owadai (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum 42: 13 - 26. [In Japanese with English abstract.]" type="journal article" year="1994">
Ohba
<emphasis id="189AEA977764FF85FBDAFCCB82EFFC18" box="[1133,1191,887,913]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
(1994)
</bibRefCitation>
addressed life history, behaviour and morphology.
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B747764FF85FD2CFC298508FC3C" author="Ohba" box="[667,832,922,949]" firstAuthor="Ohba" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" refId="ref31358" refString="Ohba N. (ed.) 2004 b. Hotaru Tenmetsu no Fushigi, Chikyu no Kiseki (Mystery of Fireflies). Yokosuka City Museum, Yokosuka. [In Japanese with English title.]" type="book" year="2004" yearSuffix="b">Ohba (2004b)</bibRefCitation>
depicted various aspects of morphology of this species including flashing patterns (page 7), dorsal aspect of female (page 11) and male (pages 38, 45), SEMs of anterior head (page 62) and a species overview (in Japanese, page 109).
<bibRefCitation id="4E7F4B747764FF85FB16FC52833EFC72" author="Jeng" box="[1185,1398,992,1019]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jeng" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="539 - 562" refId="ref29170" refString="Jeng M. - L., Lai J. &amp; Yang P. - S. 2003. Lampyridae: a synopsis of aquatic fireflies with description of a new species. In: Jach M. A. &amp; Ji L. (eds) Water Beetles of China Vol. 3: 539 - 562. Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Osterreich und Wiener Coleopterologenverein, Vienna, Austria." type="journal article" year="2003">
Jeng
<emphasis id="189AEA977764FF85FB56FC528356FC73" box="[1249,1310,992,1018]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
keyed aquatic Taiwanese and Japanese
<taxonomicName id="EDEE4D067764FF85FD3DFBB7854FFB97" authorityName="Lacordaire" authorityYear="1857" box="[650,775,1028,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Luciolinae">Luciolinae</taxonomicName>
males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>