treatments-xml/data/A0/BD/CE/A0BDCEBC385553478B0F8C6C98451795.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="4240" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.182.69016" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c8cb720e-0576-492c-a4e4-8e0597ae666b" ID-PMC="PMC8476484" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-182-67" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BAFBF41163635F388E1F186B16AE411A" ID-PubMed="34629928" ModsDocID="1314-2003-182-67" checkinTime="1632228606382" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Clark, John L., Tobar, Francisco, Clavijo, Laura, Perret, Mathieu &amp; Graham, Catherine Helen" docDate="2021" docId="A0BDCEBC385553478B0F8C6C98451795" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 182: 67-82" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 182" docPubDate="2021-09-20" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.182.69016" docTitle="Columnea floribunda Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="BAFBF41163635F388E1F186B16AE411A" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="BAFBF41163635F388E1F186B16AE411A" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Columnea (Gesneriaceae) from the western Andean slopes of Ecuador and Colombia" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1732825244288" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="77919BFC54F27A460AA9BD40ED12F985">Three new species of Columnea (Gesneriaceae) from the western Andean slopes of Ecuador and Colombia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="63D40FE701D03C9DBE5318F57754BCE4">Clark, John L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="37FB49F2903427BB5CF774E2520D4F86">Science Department, The Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F55D42A2FED45199E12A8BA42441C2D9" type="email">jclark@lawrenceville.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="080DAC19C31E85691C359C6AC4F7C19D">Tobar, Francisco</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2CDBE38569E7EB733757ABF6979E5C80" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-673X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C13EA4D5EF71962C0563B56C6009701C">Area de Investigacion y Monitoreo de Avifauna, Aves y Conservacion - BirdLife en Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador &amp; Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador QCNE, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2BE779F7ACD2CDE23C8E974F35CFEA44">Clavijo, Laura</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FEDFE6131323001CA9773D0BB152910F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3009-9158</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="82DC2282F306B34809976BC2AD88F2B0">Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="519C5AA169EFA1F4E7FA55619062BB01">Perret, Mathieu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E99C7082083D6B94D63339B7DDDBFF3A">Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Geneve, Ch. de l'Imperatrice 1, CH- 1292 Chambesy, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B8BF11127D3007569E4B7B0F3C37A6A8">Graham, Catherine Helen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D26236BB61C2DBE1C8F551FA73F44BD2">Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B622C566820D4A5105E228480435CC0D">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="A0BDCEBC385553478B0F8C6C98451795" ID-GBIF-Taxon="188459458" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A0BDCEBC385553478B0F8C6C98451795" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A0BDCEBC385553478B0F8C6C98451795" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" scope_family="Gesneriaceae">
<subSubSection id="840782262B8391B4AF7CB23F9CF8183C" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="41C8FD4DF745BC58871C6000675C84D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="0F68D60C5C0141EB63FC67229013A743" ID-CoL="8RT77" LSID="A0BDCEBC-3855-5347-8B0F-8C6C98451795" authority="Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark" authorityName="Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea floribunda" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floribunda" status="sp. nov.">Columnea floribunda Tobar &amp; J.L. Clark</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6C95498058F0DEBEE11A3716DA329EFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="193DDDDCA907433CA513C50D87B655CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="69642864662CDE3F01D8A9C6EF8510D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<figureCitation id="A400D8CA941A6D01724B57362CD3F52D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Columnea floribunda F. Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark A mature flower B front view of flower during anthesis C mature fruit D dorsiventral habit A-D from F. Tobar et al. 3527 (A-D from F. Tobar et al. 3527, holotype). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.182.69016.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/590852" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figs 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="CCE9E77A32247683429203069BFA3EB2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Columnea floribunda F. Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark A mature flower B Lateral view of corolla C dorsiventral habit D lateral view of calyx and style, showing shallowly bifid stigma E corolla dissected showing filaments and ventral view of anthers F lateral view of ovary and nectary gland G dorsal view of nectary gland. Illustrated by M. J. Gavilanes, based on F. Tobar et al. 3527, holotype." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.182.69016.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/590853" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">, 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0FF34CCE776FCE80C248415A089CD6BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="75F23EB4597097AAA82DF9DDFFC13A7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29D3618074AB10BC3FABD0A65108507E" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Differs from 
<taxonomicName id="051548FAFD628B4AA3214A12BA17FB1A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea picta" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="picta">
<emphasis id="B91F89150769E1543AC74192E7028D2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Columnea picta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a nearly tubular corolla (vs. deeply bilabiate corolla). Differs from 
<taxonomicName id="2196B34AA8DE9BEA33B8C6E23304E01A" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Tobar" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea angulata" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angulata">
<emphasis id="6688C44C9D4EC3DA3EFBBF7E4C1FFBAD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Columnea angulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the straight corolla relative to the calyx (vs. oblique to perpendicular corolla relative to the calyx). Differs from 
<taxonomicName id="396FCD2DF0A564081AD19A1F80AC41C5" authorityName="J. L. Clark &amp; Clavijo" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea tecta" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tecta">
<emphasis id="B3EB4DBE7A4BB7C2313AEA327E175725" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Columnea tecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by corollas that exceed the length of the calyx lobes (vs. corollas that are equal to or less than the length of the calyx lobes).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1CBF147DA8A96384B3A8F34C60985C78" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A881FC967E75E507558D56C306B469A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<typeStatus id="86D886510D7C5B27D9DE981187C5E71C">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A539890B487380CFF29E1C6730D5747" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<materialsCitation id="672A96BD6C169B72E1EAFD3EA5ECA44B" collectingDate="2020-01-18" collectorName="de Lodge, F. Tobar, C. H. Graham, T. Santander, E. Guevara" country="Ecuador" county="Pacto" elevation="1050" latitude="0.15" location="Mashpi Capuchin" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.86667" municipality="Bosque Protector Mashpi" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="E9BA4B9ED4F202178DEC6EAA8BB46002" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="A9D4C92012E932928C907893E448A09F" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha">Pichincha</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49B3F7A36B648A88056487F5CA653DD0" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha">
<normalizedToken id="E2341E8BA0D65EB5A974CC6155C7692F" originalValue="cantón">canton</normalizedToken>
Pichincha
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, parroquia 
<collectingCounty id="2E718752F12CCE17C5A2FA4635E9CC13">Pacto</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="CC61F5A74BA2464449E51A122A43A802">Bosque Protector Mashpi</collectingMunicipality>
, sendero 
<location id="9CA9CBA33A3F29D51C76039F5AE8511C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A0BDCEBC385553478B0F8C6C98451795:9CA9CBA33A3F29D51C76039F5AE8511C" country="Ecuador" county="Pacto" latitude="0.15" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.86667" municipality="Bosque Protector Mashpi" name="Mashpi Capuchin" stateProvince="Pichincha">Mashpi Capuchin</location>
, 
<quantity id="50232CEA24EBDAA7ADAF3197D8A45D6D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
al norte 
<collectorName id="68D6C0C6FB404B1503891CB9915CD8AA">de Lodge</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="2AAB9E74986C252741A9A713FDC73457" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.15">0°09'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7DF93BCD5554BAF15EA5675576CE9FE0" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.86667">78°52'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="7EEE259DBC48BFED6CF47EFF9F81064F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="900.0">
<elevation id="27E82CC64CCC46A609CDE276097509ED" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="900.0">900-1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="5F445FD1818BE99321843CE3265C6DE7" value="2020-01-18">18 Jan 2020</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis id="A566262C31960D1056E19C54E2648BBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<collectorName id="6366E22CB50E4428D5C58CC503D86DB7">F. Tobar</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="D1AF3E011BDA3BC89643A6B0C51E3563">C.H. Graham</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="7EDD26A6F1B514A4B4EC14E35BD1877E">T. Santander</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="FC8019616D2D0A2E26196E7922B69847">E. Guevara</collectorName>
3527
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="E5C742E443D6426E0F731BA27406F42C">holotype</typeStatus>
: QCA; isotypes: QCNE,
</materialsCitation>
<collectingCountry id="92A7150DBF551BE2310167D6F64507DE" name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C51559553A5C3BF61001096EAD8B6166" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph id="0046D5CA6B29BC2BE6FD8EC236C9D308" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29ECB756A036657C342D2801FA8723CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Facultative epiphyte with dorsiventral shoots to 2-3 m long, subwoody, suffrutescent, glabrescent below, sparsely pilose above; internodes 3-16 cm near base, then clustered at branch apex. Leaves opposite, strongly anisophyllous, papyraceous when dry; larger leaf nearly sessile, petioles 0.1-0.2 cm long, pilose; blade asymmetric, oblanceolate to oblong, 1-28 
<normalizedToken id="9B6D7B363AB8ED0F65D4EA97D4163D0C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.8-6.2 cm, base oblique, apex acuminate, margin serrate, adaxially uniformly dark green with bright red, glabrous, abaxially light green with bright red apex, sparsely pilose, lateral veins 7-12; smaller leaf sessile, blade asymmetric, lanceolate 1.4-2.5 
<normalizedToken id="8CB506F1F3BF14AF2AA941CE217AC48F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.3-0.5 cm, base oblique, apex acuminate, margin serrate, green with red apex on both surfaces, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely pilose. Inflorescence reduced to axillary clusters of 3-5 flowers; peduncles absent or highly reduced (&lt;0.2 cm long); bracts 1-2, light green, oblong, 0.5-1.2 
<normalizedToken id="02692FF1C3EC4945DDA47BE54C60A2C1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2-0.3 cm, glabrous on both sides. Flowers subtended by elongate pedicels, 2.2-3.3 cm long, sparsely pilose; calyx lobes 5, nearly free, mostly equal in size and shape, dorsal lobe elongate and slender, 1.7-2.1 
<normalizedToken id="87542EAA7204CD1C1A57E26DA28C689C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.7-1.3 cm, ovate, apex acute, margin serrate, mostly yellow with red splotches in the center, inner and outer surfaces pilose; corolla tubular, 0.6-2.1 cm long, mostly yellow with whitish base, outer and inner surfaces pilose, limb shallowly bilabiate, corolla lobes 0.3-0.5 
<normalizedToken id="BE0FC644DE61902AC43F629829E6AAE5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2-0.4 cm, lateral and lower lobes red, upper lobes yellow. Androecium of 4 stamens, filaments connate at the base and forming a filament curtain for 0.2-0.3 cm, free portion of filaments 1.5-1.9 cm long, minutely pubescent; anthers longer than broad, ca. 0.3 
<normalizedToken id="D3FCD5D5048379F9EEF9250A24CBFF1A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2 mm, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; staminode absent; nectary a trilobed dorsal gland, glabrous; ovary superior, densely pilose, 0.2-0.4 
<normalizedToken id="97902DFE47EB8CA5C0848CCFAD90C632" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.2 cm, style 1.5-1.8 cm long, minutely pubescent, stigma included and shallowly bifid. Fruit an indehiscent globose white berry. Seeds not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1077A8168933C979A15B6779D88C688C" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="BB5CEF71670C5C7776E4065C31E03235" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB5947DC71D442AE52A65789B209A4D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Collections of 
<taxonomicName id="DCF8654A6BABC99B6FCDAD4A5A98A749" authorityName="Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea floribunda" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floribunda">
<emphasis id="E435A805406C10B0B9B3B8F5E468D36B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Columnea floribunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are documented with flowers between January and April and between June and October. Fruits have been recorded during March.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0EA37F1899ADE2BED5B0BC2D6E4294B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8DA871B4AB4243C72E8A17731FC1C76B" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="17643E13039D061AB8948CDCAEA25A35" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">The specific epithet refers to axillary clusters of several flowers (3-5).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5540F7F3D45D4254A64682A640646EFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E098D83C27B4E8C85091C5E136805A2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Distribution and preliminary assessment of conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B93962366F667A6F6BE600705D1E9AC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="35CBF905191DDF4403C0F127A37B9E16" authorityName="Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea floribunda" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floribunda">
<emphasis id="78AA0EE8AAEC8F9CEC86A8BFDEA5B3BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Columnea floribunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is locally abundant in the Mashpi Rainforest Biodiversity Reserve (900-1340 m) and the surrounding roads, a 
<normalizedToken id="F1F437C0E11B2A47CBB6DDFE7922FB3D" originalValue="Chocó">Choco</normalizedToken>
biogeographic forest relict in northern Ecuador. It is likely that additional populations are located in the adjacent provinces of Imbabura and Esmeraldas. Future research expeditions to unexplored areas of the Cotacachi Cayapas Ecological Reserve will hopefully result in additional documented populations of 
<taxonomicName id="D16BEF39FFD0AD86C6D8BD3C3C70194A" lsidName="C. floribunda" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="floribunda">
<emphasis id="40AFC16EE1820447F170F27CE137C510" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C. floribunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to the IUCN Red List criteria (
<bibRefCitation id="00D1C907AB09D3574A8EE505C2EC158D" author="IUCN [Species Survival Commission]" journalOrPublisher="Rheedea" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B4" refString="IUCN [Species Survival Commission], 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge." year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
) for limited geographic range (B2a, less than five locations) and considering the uncertain future of habitat conservation, 
<taxonomicName id="D677363B882FF8F248983A9D4B2C2FDA" authorityName="Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea floribunda" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floribunda">
<emphasis id="31ED401EA951F851BE61541570B50290" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Columnea floribunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be listed in the category Endangered (EN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D4DC63F39A452AAD1069E6201D2A8A1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="comments">
<paragraph id="F7C08B974192208A994417C7A9F63B61" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="37867A5A470F843151CCEC434EFAEC4C" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="7444AC44A6AE48A08D17BD4368D19038" authorityName="Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea floribunda" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floribunda">
<emphasis id="6136A300A8A2C0C55BFC37998A11F112" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Columnea floribunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is readily distinguished from all other congeners by the elongate corolla tubes that exceed the length of the calyx lobes (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="6F09AF315214AF904B53ECCC8105C723" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Columnea floribunda F. Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark A mature flower B front view of flower during anthesis C mature fruit D dorsiventral habit A-D from F. Tobar et al. 3527 (A-D from F. Tobar et al. 3527, holotype). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.182.69016.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/590852" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">4A</figureCitation>
), in contrast to the corolla tubes of 
<taxonomicName id="8ADFD51B861007AB6E2C71191D72CC39" lsidName="C. tecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="tecta">
<emphasis id="58725F850E7B45571A8D381AD87EF3F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C. tecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that are equal to or less than the length of the calyx lobes (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="B2B7A9A74B1DB64BB9CCEA2C23890F0B" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Columnea tecta J. L. Clark &amp; Clavijo A mature flower with lateral calyx lobe pulled back B Oblong white berry C mature flower D dorsiventral habit (A-D from J. L. Clark et al. 13433). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.182.69016.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/590855" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">7C</figureCitation>
); the corolla posture relative to the calyx that is straight (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E0956DF5B459BA58849E40A204529BCA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Columnea floribunda F. Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark A mature flower B front view of flower during anthesis C mature fruit D dorsiventral habit A-D from F. Tobar et al. 3527 (A-D from F. Tobar et al. 3527, holotype). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.182.69016.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/590852" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">4A</figureCitation>
), in contrast to the oblique to perpendicular corolla relative to the calyx of 
<taxonomicName id="00AF225BA996F1052E21D07459ACDF16" lsidName="C. angulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="angulata">
<emphasis id="0171985CC8800817F4884BD577E0FBD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C. angulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="5E2156D30E49784B25AFA67F738524BF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Columnea angulata J. L. Clark &amp; F. Tobar A mature flower B front view of flower C ventral view of flower showing laterally compressed corolla tube D dorsiventral habit (A, D from J. L. Clark et al. 12198 B from J. L. Clark 10968 C from J. L. Clark et al. 7413). Photos by J. L. Clark." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.182.69016.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/590850" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">2A</figureCitation>
); and the axillary clusters of three or more flowers (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="B37EC87D4914AFABC755C467E4BBE55B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Columnea floribunda F. Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark A mature flower B front view of flower during anthesis C mature fruit D dorsiventral habit A-D from F. Tobar et al. 3527 (A-D from F. Tobar et al. 3527, holotype). Photos by F. Tobar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.182.69016.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/590852" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="AFDF7E2F5F80640CC744A8FE76D32F15" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.182.69016.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/590852" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="7B6DA476F094346B04500F2168E25900" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="A5F3A48AD9C8FB03C0D0C1A00AC1D1B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="886543F153EDFA98C1DED9C1D6BB7083" authorityName="Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea floribunda" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floribunda">
<emphasis id="7947124000970A3914264FABBB87BDDA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Columnea floribunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
F. Tobar &amp; J.L. Clark 
<emphasis id="014BBB7EF532B6005CC58450466D1DB8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
mature flower 
<emphasis id="3D090C21F34D985DEE8FCE89F76D4342" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
front view of flower during anthesis 
<emphasis id="11F0A3F347D4320DE74837BA015BCCDA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
mature fruit 
<emphasis id="F1E8224DBED86028D8ED901C3A520DF0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
dorsiventral habit 
<emphasis id="E2D252312C137CAF81D90CB0A3468842" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A-D</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis id="E41ADC7DA632053B45FA7C0B5856F7E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">F. Tobar et al. 3527</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="2F257A3ECAB5C933BB2A2181D3214B1B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A-D</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis id="6DBFF2F032503FE5D1CE262712108306" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">F. Tobar et al. 3527</emphasis>
, holotype). Photos by F. Tobar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8EEC969AD40CAF0248DE70208A87C774" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.182.69016.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/590853" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="9FAB13D3A5D98A4065264466E3D65178" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="60849F2E40C3D39B3BD6C29226038F22" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0FAC7FB58AE5F7E14B28564D6D40AD93" authorityName="Tobar &amp; J. L. Clark" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Columnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Columnea floribunda" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floribunda">
<emphasis id="05A91138E6708F1A8234DE7DD99DFB4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Columnea floribunda</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
F. Tobar &amp; J.L. Clark 
<emphasis id="C2EB1235B96A65A70EB7F284FACFB716" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
mature flower 
<emphasis id="B5391E5AE8AC13DDB5BCDF72F8784D90" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
Lateral view of corolla 
<emphasis id="B976C3969A5E91FEFE2F5837209C6CF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
dorsiventral habit 
<emphasis id="EFE178751D4A61E190C2C139E735E556" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
lateral view of calyx and style, showing shallowly bifid stigma 
<emphasis id="EEA12D7288A9E38109AC405BDA4A4E78" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">E</emphasis>
corolla dissected showing filaments and ventral view of anthers 
<emphasis id="7AC2FDCF8009E68837BD9718B3B208BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
lateral view of ovary and nectary gland 
<emphasis id="51758D948F7276C9DBE1DA65F753DED1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">G</emphasis>
dorsal view of nectary gland. Illustrated by M.J. Gavilanes, based on 
<emphasis id="2A60BB406B4E3CDF9BE13E90508DC9BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">F. Tobar et al. 3527</emphasis>
, holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B1FCC5157FE5075C958AFA94C5B2087E" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5949630A248F7426C1A77BA904D71340" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E469FC876D73CF92059BEF48160F20E" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<materialsCitation id="5CDF34F904118024C322EE634F2AEEDF" collectingDate="2017-09-21" collectingDateMax="2019-12-18" collectingDateMin="2017-09-21" collectorName="F. Tobar, A. Nieto, A. Marcayata, K. Cortez, La Delicia, de Mashpi, M. Gavilanes" country="Ecuador" county="Pacto" elevation="500" latitude="0.15" location="Mashpi Laguna" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.85" municipality="Mashpi Lodge" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pichincha">
<collectingCountry id="3D5071255966E95A9AA1B008992FE99D" name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="ECC7C5363F390CF7457B040EE40E6D8B" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha">Pichincha</collectingRegion>
: 
<normalizedToken id="C246FAA747CBC97D4340A1A61CFC3336" originalValue="cantón">canton</normalizedToken>
<collectingCounty id="017FE8C09B6D532F62C5DDC0E816B2E6">Pacto</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="31DAB6BCECAAD7F84300C261D1978DFD">Mashpi Lodge</collectingMunicipality>
, transecto 
<location id="859F7C6024D332260AAD53E0C67DA6F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A0BDCEBC385553478B0F8C6C98451795:859F7C6024D332260AAD53E0C67DA6F0" country="Ecuador" county="Pacto" latitude="0.15" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-78.85" municipality="Mashpi Lodge" name="Mashpi Laguna" stateProvince="Pichincha">Mashpi Laguna</location>
, a 
<quantity id="030077C9182BFD23ABCF3CE5AAB9BA9A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="9618AC6782DE5701D0B580AFC6CCF27B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
de la entrada del transecto, 
<geoCoordinate id="F0DE879CF3B674943E04D75A6B758397" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.15">0°09'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="357700378A250AB99AED4D039516CFF2" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.86667">78°52'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="10745FDE52B1EA3AD7A43B0F5F29470C" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" unit="m" value="880.0">
<elevation id="51729B0177748EAFBD24A1F2ACF240A9" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" unit="m" value="880.0">880 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="90CDFC00120239CCC4623FD9A350DA5D" value="2017-09-21">21 Sep 2017</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis id="FF8802F259332256604DBCF3E2DC9F7D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<collectorName id="B94B6B3BDCFB4D2534BE8B16D27B9AC6">F. Tobar</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="7BA847146683B7B94A3A760A8B8959C3">A. Nieto</collectorName>
2903
</emphasis>
(QCA); 
<normalizedToken id="DEE6F9AB479A91014FE31A1BC8E49A7E" originalValue="cantón">canton</normalizedToken>
Pacto, transecto Mashpi Capuchin, entrada del transecto, 
<geoCoordinate id="C95A556F6F0B0BFC1469DD02E644A9B7" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.16666667">0°10'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="CE6B2EEDC120A958A7A364FD767C993E" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.86667">78°52'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="E04E346DB202D61F27FFA1BD31BEB201" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation id="4202E6F696F49E5F69CF2DBE8E5A864B" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="6D06F7E03261DE009EB8C9A713ECA1BA" value="2018-03-20">20 Mar 2018</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis id="6868805980270A52A468049195B1F54F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<collectorName id="9F066F282639A2A6D387491B550CDF88">F. Tobar</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="057EFD8C4D9D1B3E9C2296F9D2AA2A4A">A. Marcayata</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="DBE4685201431A07B8FEB62E37540BDA">K. Cortez</collectorName>
3161
</emphasis>
(QCA); 
<normalizedToken id="4FB12F5304E3A567C6BEBFCD412003E4" originalValue="cantón">canton</normalizedToken>
Pacto, km 20, carretero entre 
<collectorName id="A226C9CAE22FDCFB2C4B0BCD9CA85A87">La Delicia</collectorName>
y el pueblo 
<collectorName id="1BFC00FFB296AB4CA3892B78AEC484A7">de Mashpi</collectorName>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="5531BADF6E7447516B029CDE71DF3C4B" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.15">0°09'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="B3EE6C02FC072180577DAE0D1E2DB8E8" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.85">78°51'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="A3344619F8ACF5AA7BCA2B508E462EFA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="B2C29C1FF10A0709FD556AE56114C819" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="461F125108D06CF079E8FBD79D214810" value="2019-12-18">18 Dec 2019</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis id="45690AA80E17689FF7D28620A001F25C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<collectorName id="14604FD4595058AB20752DA2931D1141">F. Tobar</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="EC90AD62DF95F1280FBF02528CF89FA2">M. Gavilanes</collectorName>
3509
</emphasis>
(QCA)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="04DD8173D8BEB2E8E639FE97D69BABE8" collectingDate="2018-03-18" collectingDateMax="2019-02-07" collectingDateMin="2018-03-18" collectorName="F. Tobar, C. Poveda, S. Basantes, M. Gavilanes, M. Perret" country="Ecuador" elevation="1200" latitude="0.16055556" location="Mashpi reserve" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.84945" municipality="Amagusa Reserve" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="canton Pichincha">
<collectingRegion id="0248CDAC91C1E904D548BF8F33A3CD54" country="Ecuador" name="Pichincha">
<normalizedToken id="AA0A2AF8976E6F8376D5CC280A160C29" originalValue="cantón">canton</normalizedToken>
Pichincha
</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="63BFC203BB1B079EC115E47475FCADC5">Amagusa Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity id="E40E07369CDEBDC51D52AF98D7D0D84A" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="F606C7DF2CA129FF21F98A344CACA667" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
dentro del sendero principal hacia el rio, 
<geoCoordinate id="EBF85757C05C997777CD2C773A66EEB8" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.15">0°09'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0D15933B7B813D12675212B87AD4CB8C" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.85">78°51'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="35BED8F2AD881CF2BC82D11BB90819FB" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2129999999999999" unit="m" value="1213.0">
<elevation id="CB6266CC95656C4F89F95275D20A7756" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2129999999999999" unit="m" value="1213.0">1213 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="4B2ABED60CEE59B38717C6C10E8BAFEF" value="2018-03-18">18 Mar 2018</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis id="2078C826A55462DD3455A79204163550" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<collectorName id="EC82874C6DAE2BA17BFC49C0AEB5A14F">F. Tobar</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="1172461A37A732B27E23E45D43150536">C. Poveda</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="7FAE140FC19DA96F8A1A9C45A8B7DFB9">S. Basantes</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="C97F4CFAA683AA7966FCE2683D8E224D">M. Gavilanes</collectorName>
</emphasis>
3465 (HPUCESI, QCNE); 
<normalizedToken id="D612F2540929C509472F4D352280EC5D" originalValue="cantón">canton</normalizedToken>
Pacto, 
<location id="99B75F5E32963E5BDB8E83D1A88D081B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A0BDCEBC385553478B0F8C6C98451795:99B75F5E32963E5BDB8E83D1A88D081B" country="Ecuador" latitude="0.16055556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.84945" municipality="Amagusa Reserve" name="Mashpi reserve" stateProvince="canton Pichincha">Mashpi reserve</location>
, road to lodge, 
<geoCoordinate id="FCDFD29F376C2BB8A4E58FD3A75F374F" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="0.16055556">0°09'38&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0673388523BA4523DFE40A2EEE6EC28B" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-78.84945">78°50'58&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="83EC815A0072B182E84D7FE5FDCEDB11" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.338" unit="m" value="1338.0">
<elevation id="489D14EB1D108F3DF6AC82208E0583F0" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.338" unit="m" value="1338.0">1338 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate id="A1EEF3DE71F5E32CD4ED3EC6773CACBE" value="2019-02-07">7 Feb 2019</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis id="68A340BE79971F26F742166824F222E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<collectorName id="E8C18160327C7ADD4CC346D5BABC1C35">M. Perret</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="D737EE2D1EF7E04E33F2DE626A841540">F. Tobar</collectorName>
258
</emphasis>
(QCNE)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>