654 lines
97 KiB
XML
654 lines
97 KiB
XML
<document id="D4406225B92E39B8B66DB2BF7C372474" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4148.1.1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4148.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a757adc6-2763-41f7-ae26-b1cae841091c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="256946" ID-ZooBank="91353147-FDA8-45CC-A8F1-1DE801C835A6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1470724987728" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Krug, Patrick J., Vendetti, Jann E. & Valdés, Ángel" docDate="2016" docId="A04A7E6D9C0BFFC446C9FE80FB7F187C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4148.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4148 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Elysia marcusi Ev. Marcus 1972" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="72" masterDocId="5C7306159C4FFF83465EFFEFFFD91E74" masterDocTitle="Molecular and morphological systematics of Elysia Risso, 1818 (Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa) from the Caribbean region" masterLastPageNumber="137" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="69" updateTime="1698367345517" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F89B4857B30F5E8F2659A4FA89CBE988">Molecular and morphological systematics of Elysia Risso, 1818 (Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa) from the Caribbean region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0ABE6F482F428FA44B08B87C0048577D">Krug, Patrick J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="228DBC096FF00CE2EB1FF2453179B1F8">Vendetti, Jann E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="50B3F6BB57460BBFB2ECB597C09DBDC3">Valdés, Ángel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1CF7DBA94CF0181AB9685ACE163E5B1E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C3C28AF79BD7ABDBDE21115C1F84B366">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ADBA863E332C6578654917715BE36916">4148</mods:number>
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<treatment id="A04A7E6D9C0BFFC446C9FE80FB7F187C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5664201" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123514852" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5664201" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C0BFFC446C9FE80FB7F187C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A04A7E6D9C0BFFC446C9FE80FB7F187C" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C0BFFC746C9FE80FE871FDF" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC746C9FE80FDE41FFE" blockId="68.[151,573,367,427]" box="[151,573,367,394]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<heading id="731478179C0BFFC746C9FE80FDE41FFE" bold="true" box="[151,573,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C0BFFC746C9FE80FDE41FFE" ID-CoL="6F5ZL" authority="Ev. Marcus, 1972" authorityName="Ev. Marcus" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,573,367,394]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
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<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC746C9FE80FDE41FFE" bold="true" box="[151,573,367,394]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC746C9FE80FE921FFD" bold="true" box="[151,331,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Elysia marcusi</emphasis>
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(Ev. Marcus, 1972)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC746C9FE7DFE871FDF" blockId="68.[151,573,367,427]" box="[151,350,402,427]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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(
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<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC746C1FE7DFF351FDF" box="[159,236,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[239,1350,338,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[235,1352,337,1489]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Penial morphology of some species examined. A, Elysia ornata (LACM 178583). B – E, Elysia crispata (LACM 178640) (B); (LACM 178641) (C); (LACM 2004.5.1) (D); (isolate Ecri _ 10 LKS 03) (E). F, Elysia chlorotica (LACM 178597). G – H, Elysia patina (LACM 178650) (G); (LACM 178651) (H). I, Elysia flava (LACM 178626). J, Elysia subornata (LACM 178629). K, Elysia canguzua (LACM 178644). L, Elysia serca (CPIC 00027). M, Elysia evelinae (MZUCR INB 0003312779). N, Elysia velutinus (LACM 178642), O, Elysia papillosa (LACM 178607). P, Elysia cornigera (LACM 173227). Q, Elysia marcusi (LACM 178647), R, Elysia pratensis (CPIC 00068). S, Elysia zuleicae (LACM 178656). Abbreviations: bw, body wall; dd, deferent duct; pe, penis; s, stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256952/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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Q, 39–41)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C0BFFC746C9FE35FD961C1F" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC746C9FE35FBBF1C5A" blockId="68.[151,1437,474,619]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="08F3E8559C0BFFC746C9FE35FBBF1C5A" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C0BFFC746C9FE35FDE81F84" authority="Ev. Marcus 1972a: 293" authorityName="Ev. Marcus" authorityPageNumber="293" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,561,474,496]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
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<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC746C9FE35FE981F84" box="[151,321,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Bosellia marcusi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C0BFFC74718FE34FDE81F84" author="Ev" box="[326,561,474,496]" page="293" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" year="1972">
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<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC74718FE34FDD81F84" author="Ev" box="[326,513,474,496]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1972 a) On some opisthobranchs from Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 22, 284 - 308." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Ev. Marcus 1972a</bibRefCitation>
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: 293
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–295, figs. 19–22 (
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<typeStatus id="F75871D99C0BFFC744B3FE35FCF81F84" box="[749,801,474,496]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: Grassy Key and Bear Cut Rocks,
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<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C0BFFC7428AFE35FAF91F84" box="[1236,1312,474,496]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Florida</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C0BFFC74377FE35FA841F84" box="[1321,1373,474,496]" name="United States of America" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">USA</collectingCountry>
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)
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<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC7433AFE34FAA31F84" box="[1380,1402,475,496]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">—</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C0BFFC74325FE34FE5D1C7B" author="Ev" page="819" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" year="1973">
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<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC74325FE34FE881C7B" author="Ev" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1973) On the genus Bosellia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ascoglossa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 811 - 823." type="journal article" year="1973">Ev. Marcus 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: 819
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</treatmentCitation>
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–820, figs. 1, 7 (part), 11–12, 15;
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<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C0BFFC744B9FE15FC1A1C7B" author="Ev" box="[743,963,505,527]" page="76" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" year="1980">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC744B9FE15FC451C7B" author="Ev" box="[743,924,505,527]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1980) Review of western Atlantic Elysiidae (Opisthobranchia Ascoglossa) with a description of a new Elysia species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30, 54 - 79." type="journal article" year="1980">Ev. Marcus 1980</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 76
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C0BFFC7458EFE16FB771C7B" author="Thompson" box="[976,1198,505,527]" page="132" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC7458EFE16FBA21C7B" author="Thompson" box="[976,1147,505,527]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Thompson, T. E. (1977) Jamaican opisthobranch molluscs I. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 43, 93 - 140, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1977">Thompson 1977</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 132
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
–133, figs. 22e, 29a–b;
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<treatmentCitation id="A942E96A9C0BFFC74699FDF7FEB51C5A" author="Clark" box="[199,364,536,558]" page="905" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC74699FDF7FEE21C5A" author="Clark" box="[199,315,536,558]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Clark, K. B. (1994) Ascoglossan (= Sacoglossa) molluscs in the Florida Keys: Rare marine invertebrates at special risk. Bulletin of Marine Science, 54, 900 - 916." type="journal article" year="1994">Clark 1994</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 905
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
–906; Krug 2009: 361–365, figs. 1B, 4C, 5C, 6; Christa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC745FBFDF6FC001C5A" box="[933,985,536,558]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014: fig. 1D
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC746C9FDD9FD961C1F" blockId="68.[151,1437,474,619]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C0BFFC746C9FDD9FE231C38" ID-CoL="6F5ZL" authority="Ev. Marcus, 1972" authorityName="Ev. Marcus" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,506,566,589]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC746C9FDD9FEF41C39" box="[151,301,566,589]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Elysia marcusi</emphasis>
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||
(Ev. Marcus, 1972)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC747A4FDD7FDC91C39" box="[506,528,568,589]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">—</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC7444FFDD9FD3C1C38" author="Handeler" box="[529,741,566,589]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Handeler, K., Grzymbowski, Y. P., Krug, P. J. & Wagele, H. (2009) Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells: A unique evolutionary strategy in animal life. Frontiers in Zoology, 6, 28. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1742 - 9994 - 6 - 28" type="journal article" year="2009">
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||
Händeler
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||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC7442AFDD7FD701C38" box="[628,681,566,589]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 7;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC7456BFDD9FC1D1C38" author="Redfern" box="[821,964,566,588]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Redfern, C. (2013) Bahamian Seashells, 1161 Species from Abaco, Bahamas. Bahamiamseashells. com, Inc., Boca Raton, viii + 501 pp." type="book" year="2013">Redfern 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 282–283, fig. 785; Christa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC742BDFDD7FACE1C38" box="[1251,1303,566,589]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014: fig. 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC74699FDB9FEA81C1F" author="Krug" box="[199,369,597,619]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Krug, P. J., Vendetti, J. E., Ellingson, R. A., Trowbridge, C. D., Hirano, Y. M., Trathen, D. Y., Rodriguez, A. K., Swennen, C., Wilson, N. G. & Valdes, A. (2015) Species selection favors dispersive life histories in sea slugs, but higher per-offspring investment drives shifts to short-lived larvae. Systematic Biology, 64, 983 - 999. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syv 046" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Krug
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC7475FFDB9FEED1C1F" box="[257,308,597,619]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 990–991, figs. 3B, 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C0BFFC746C9FD78FE131A6C" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC746C9FD78FB581CA0" blockId="68.[151,1437,663,1949]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC746C9FD78FE901CC4" bold="true" box="[151,329,663,688]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC7470AFD78FDF41CC4" box="[340,557,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C0BFFC7470AFD78FE691CC4" box="[340,432,663,688]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bosellia</taxonomicName>
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||
marcusi—
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||
</emphasis>
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||
Untraceable, not at USNM. A specimen lot labeled “type specimen” at the MZSP (76043) contains a piece of calcareous algae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC744BBFD53FBAC1CA0" author="Siqueira" box="[741,1141,700,725]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Siqueira Dornellas, A. P. & Simone, L. R. (2011) Annotated list of type specimens of mollusks deposited in Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. Arquivos de Zoologia, 42, 1 - 81. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793. v 42 i 1 p 1 - 81" type="journal article" year="2011">Siqueira Dornellas & Simone 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC74699FD30FAE01C8C" blockId="68.[151,1437,663,1949]" box="[199,1337,735,760]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C0BFFC74699FD30FAE01C8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048932" box="[199,1337,735,760]" collectingDate="2010-07-10" collectionCode="LACM" country="Island, Bahamas" location="Material" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" specimenCode="LACM 178647-48" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="San Salvador">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC74699FD30FE691C8C" bold="true" box="[199,432,735,760]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C0BFFC74699FD30FEF61C8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C0BFFC446C9FE80FB7F187C:2D3C99A09C0BFFC74699FD30FEF61C8C" box="[199,303,735,760]" country="Island, Bahamas" name="Material" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" stateProvince="San Salvador">Material</location>
|
||
examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C0BFFC747E9FD0FFD951C8C" box="[439,588,735,760]" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">San Salvador</collectingRegion>
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<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C0BFFC7440DFD30FCD71C8C" box="[595,782,735,760]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Island, Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
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,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C0BFFC74544FD0FFC741C8C" box="[794,941,735,760]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2010-07-10">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C0BFFC74544FD0FFC741C8C" box="[794,941,735,760]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2010-07-10">10 July 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C0BFFC745E6FD0FFB9B1C8C" box="[952,1090,735,760]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="784567009C0BFFC7420FFD0FFAF71C8C" box="[1105,1326,735,760]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<collectionCode id="4EF257BE9C0BFFC7420FFD0FFB7D1C8C" box="[1105,1188,736,760]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
178647–48
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC74699FCEBFE0B1DD9" blockId="68.[151,1437,663,1949]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C0BFFC74699FCEBFE051D34" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048936" collectingDate="2007-06-23" country="Bahamas" location="San Salvador" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" specimenCount="23" stateProvince="San Salvador">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC74699FCEBFD981D69" bold="true" box="[199,577,772,797]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C0BFFC74410FCEBFD601D69" box="[590,697,772,797]" name="Bahamas" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C0BFFC74494FCEBFCBF1D69" box="[714,870,772,797]" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">San Salvador</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C0BFFC7452DFCEBFBEF1D69" box="[883,1078,772,797]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Island, Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C0BFFC74219FCEBFB351D68" box="[1095,1260,772,796]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2007-06-23">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C0BFFC74219FCEBFB351D68" box="[1095,1260,772,796]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2007-06-23">23 June 2007</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C0BFFC742A0FCEBFA441D69" box="[1278,1437,772,797]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="generic">23 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(isolate Emar_07Ssal02-24)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C0BFFC747AFFCC7FEC11D11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048940" collectingDate="2010-07-09" country="Bahamas" location="Goulding Point" municipality="New Providence" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="San Salvador">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C0BFFC747AFFCC7FD501D34" box="[497,649,807,832]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2010-07-09">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C0BFFC747AFFCC7FD501D34" box="[497,649,807,832]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2010-07-09">9 July 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C0BFFC744C0FCC7FCE81D34" box="[670,817,807,832]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(isolate Emar_10Ssal02-03),
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C0BFFC742C5FCC8FA8A1D34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C0BFFC446C9FE80FB7F187C:2D3C99A09C0BFFC742C5FCC8FA8A1D34" box="[1179,1363,807,832]" country="Bahamas" municipality="New Providence" name="Goulding Point" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" stateProvince="San Salvador">Goulding Point</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C83855019C0BFFC74339FCC7FEC11D11" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">New Providence</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C0BFFC74778FCA3FB0F1D11" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048944" box="[294,1238,844,869]" collectingDate="2010-07-13" country="Jamaica" location="Bay" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" specimenCount="21" stateProvince="Bay">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C0BFFC74778FCA3FE191D10" box="[294,448,844,869]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2010-07-13">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C0BFFC74778FCA3FE191D10" box="[294,448,844,869]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2010-07-13">13 July 2010</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C0BFFC74790FCA3FDB01D11" box="[462,617,844,869]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(isolate Emar_10NPr01-21); Discovery
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C0BFFC74262FCA2FBB31D11" box="[1084,1130,845,869]" country="Cayman Islands" name="West Bay" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Bay</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C0BFFC74227FCA3FB0F1D11" box="[1145,1238,844,869]" name="Jamaica" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="988BC5269C0BFFC742BAFCA3FBE41DFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1291048948" collectingDate="2006-03" country="United States of America" location="Geiger Beach" municipality="Key West" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" specimenCount="48" stateProvince="Florida">
|
||
<collectingDate id="4C1910539C0BFFC742BAFCA3FAAB1D11" box="[1252,1394,844,869]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2006-03">
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C0BFFC742BAFCA3FAAB1D11" box="[1252,1394,844,869]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2006-03">March 2006</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="3EE504F29C0BFFC743DEFCA3FED51DFC" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="generic">48 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(isolate Emar_06Jam01-48);
|
||
<location id="2D3C99A09C0BFFC74436FC80FCD01DFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A04A7E6D9C0BFFC446C9FE80FB7F187C:2D3C99A09C0BFFC74436FC80FCD01DFC" box="[616,777,879,904]" country="United States of America" municipality="Key West" name="Geiger Beach" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" stateProvince="Florida">Geiger Beach</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C83855019C0BFFC74547FC9FFC571DF3" box="[793,910,880,904]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Key West</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C0BFFC745C0FC80FC2B1DFC" box="[926,1010,879,904]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C0BFFC7425CFC9FFBE41DFC" box="[1026,1085,880,904]" name="United States of America" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="5C5DE9BB9C0BFFC74213FC9FFB361DFC" box="[1101,1263,880,904]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2007-06-12">12 June 2007</date>
|
||
, 58 specimens (isolate Emar_07Gei01-58).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC74699FC58FE131A6C" blockId="68.[151,1437,663,1949]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC74699FC58FE871DA4" bold="true" box="[199,350,951,976]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Live animal.</emphasis>
|
||
Body highly plastic. Resting slugs contract into perfectly round circles, thick in the center like gumdrops; crawling specimens elongate into a long, thin, typical slug form. Specimens observed ranged from
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C0BFFC7432CFC33FF1A1A63" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC74762FC10FE551A6C" box="[316,396,1023,1048]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C0BFFC54699FBCBFF391987" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC74699FBCBFC901B29" blockId="68.[151,1437,663,1949]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC74699FBCBFE7E1A49" bold="true" box="[199,423,1060,1085]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">External anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Overall coloration uniformly light to dark green (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC745B2FBCBFB981A48" box="[1004,1089,1060,1085]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
A), overlaid by white pigment patches if present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC747DDFBA8FE041A14" box="[387,477,1095,1120]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
B–C). Body edge may be rimmed by whitish-blue spots or short, lateral lines perpendicular to edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC747F8FB83FE241AF0" box="[422,509,1132,1157]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
C). White patches scattered across dorsal surface in some specimens, absent in others. White spots may be concentrated in patch behind head, where anterolateral groove terminates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC74374FB60FAA21ADC" box="[1322,1403,1167,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
C– D). Front of head smooth-edged, no oral lobes. Widely spaced eyes. Rhinophores solid white, simple, flattened (not rolled); fully retractable into head. Some specimens with white bar extending between parapodia, posterior to eyes, like a solid eyebrow. Most
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C0BFFC7478BFB13FDFF1B61" box="[469,550,1276,1301]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens with iridescent deep blue spots scattered across body. Specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C0BFFC74689FACFFEA91B4C" box="[215,368,1311,1336]" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
San
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C0BFFC74752FAF0FEA91B4C" box="[268,368,1311,1336]" name="El Salvador" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C0BFFC74724FAF0FE671B4C" box="[378,446,1311,1336]" name="Iceland" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
uniformly green. Specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C0BFFC74508FAF0FC691B4C" box="[854,944,1311,1336]" name="Jamaica" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
with scattered white spots across dorsum, denser along side of foot, sometimes with scattered blue dots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC74699FA88FC911841" blockId="68.[151,1437,663,1949]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Parapodia superficially absent, having secondarily fused to body; fusion line forming mid-dorsal line and antero-lateral furrow on right side behind head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC744E7FA63FCD51BD0" box="[697,780,1420,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Body surface uniformly smooth. Curved, anterolateral furrow extending up right side of body, starting from side of foot about one-quarter of total body length from front of head. Furrow narrowing and straightening to form mid-dorsal longitudinal line, running straight down midline of dorsum; terminating just anterior to tail, where vaginal opening appears in a white patch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC7428BFA18FAF21864" box="[1237,1323,1527,1552]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
A). White pigment patches clustering along midline in some specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC74699F9D0FD9A189C" blockId="68.[151,1437,663,1949]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0BFFC74699F9D0FE47182C" bold="true" box="[199,414,1599,1624]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Internal anatomy.</emphasis>
|
||
Radula with 15 teeth (LACM 178647), 7 teeth in ascending limb and
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C0BFFC742ECF9AFFB04182C" box="[1202,1245,1599,1624]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
descending limb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC746C1F98BFF2F1808" box="[159,246,1636,1661]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1091,1113]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1068]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,193,1069]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 40. Elysia marcusi, SEM of the radula and penis (LACM 178648). A, Partly disarticulated but complete radula. B, Tooth showing denticles. C, Penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256988/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Radula with 18 teeth according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC744E9F98AFC4B1808" box="[695,914,1636,1660]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1973) On the genus Bosellia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ascoglossa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 811 - 823." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Leading tooth robust and elongate with 7–8 triangular denticles on cusp from mid-tooth to sharp tooth tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC7450CF968FC7F18D4" box="[850,934,1671,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1091,1113]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1068]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,193,1069]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 40. Elysia marcusi, SEM of the radula and penis (LACM 178648). A, Partly disarticulated but complete radula. B, Tooth showing denticles. C, Penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256988/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
B). Housing depression for interlocking teeth “V”-shaped and extending ½ of tooth length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC744ECF943FCD018B0" box="[690,777,1708,1733]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1091,1113]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1068]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,193,1069]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 40. Elysia marcusi, SEM of the radula and penis (LACM 178648). A, Partly disarticulated but complete radula. B, Tooth showing denticles. C, Penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256988/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Base of tooth ½ total tooth length. Ascus containing jumbled heap of discarded large teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC74699F91BFD9A1921" blockId="68.[151,1437,663,1949]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC74735F91AFD951978" author="Ev" box="[363,588,1780,1804]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1972 a) On some opisthobranchs from Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 22, 284 - 308." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Ev. Marcus (1972a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0BFFC74402F91BFD4E1978" author="Marcus" box="[604,663,1780,1804]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1973) On the genus Bosellia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ascoglossa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 811 - 823." type="journal article" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), pharynx small (230 µm long × 150 µm high, on
|
||
<quantity id="EF1B629E9C0BFFC742A3F91BFA861978" box="[1277,1375,1780,1804]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long animals). Esophagus narrowing into small stomach. Anus opening into anterior transverse groove. Heart and kidney reduced, not visible externally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0BFFC74699F8B0FE5519E8" blockId="68.[151,1437,663,1949]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
Penis small and oval to spherical in shape (LACM 178647–48), with a pointed stylet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC742E5F8B0FAD8190C" box="[1211,1281,1887,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[239,1350,338,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[235,1352,337,1489]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Penial morphology of some species examined. A, Elysia ornata (LACM 178583). B – E, Elysia crispata (LACM 178640) (B); (LACM 178641) (C); (LACM 2004.5.1) (D); (isolate Ecri _ 10 LKS 03) (E). F, Elysia chlorotica (LACM 178597). G – H, Elysia patina (LACM 178650) (G); (LACM 178651) (H). I, Elysia flava (LACM 178626). J, Elysia subornata (LACM 178629). K, Elysia canguzua (LACM 178644). L, Elysia serca (CPIC 00027). M, Elysia evelinae (MZUCR INB 0003312779). N, Elysia velutinus (LACM 178642), O, Elysia papillosa (LACM 178607). P, Elysia cornigera (LACM 173227). Q, Elysia marcusi (LACM 178647), R, Elysia pratensis (CPIC 00068). S, Elysia zuleicae (LACM 178656). Abbreviations: bw, body wall; dd, deferent duct; pe, penis; s, stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256952/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
Q,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0BFFC74378F8B0FAA5190C" box="[1318,1404,1887,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="70.[151,250,1091,1113]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1068]" captionTargetId="figure@70.[151,1436,193,1069]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="FIGURE 40. Elysia marcusi, SEM of the radula and penis (LACM 178648). A, Partly disarticulated but complete radula. B, Tooth showing denticles. C, Penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256988/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Deferent duct narrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7C9C9FF39C0AFFC646C9FA97FA5918D6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" targetPageId="69">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0AFFC646C9FA97FA5918D6" blockId="69.[151,1436,1400,1698]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0AFFC646C9FA97FEC61BFA" bold="true" box="[151,287,1400,1422]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 39.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C0AFFC6477BFA97FE651BFA" box="[293,444,1400,1422]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0AFFC6477BFA97FE651BFA" box="[293,444,1400,1422]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Elysia marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, external morphology and egg masses.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0AFFC64515FA97FCBA1BFA" bold="true" box="[843,867,1400,1422]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A,</emphasis>
|
||
Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0AFFC6445CFA78FDC01BD9" bold="true" box="[514,537,1431,1453]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0AFFC64271FA78FB911BD9" bold="true" box="[1071,1096,1431,1453]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">C,</emphasis>
|
||
Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “gumdrop” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0AFFC64357FA5AFAF81BBF" bold="true" box="[1289,1313,1461,1483]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">D,</emphasis>
|
||
Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0AFFC644ACFA1CFCF3187D" bold="true" box="[754,810,1523,1545]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">E–H,</emphasis>
|
||
Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C0AFFC64699F926FEC219AA" blockId="69.[151,1437,1737,2014]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C0AFFC64699F926FD8B1896" bold="true" box="[199,594,1737,1762]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Reproduction and development.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0AFFC64400F925FCE31896" box="[606,826,1738,1762]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1973) On the genus Bosellia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ascoglossa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 811 - 823." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the reproductive system as triaulic, with anterior male and female apertures and a posterior vaginal pore leading to bursa for receipt of allosperm. Follicles (n = 5–6) of ovotestes large (250 µm across). Penis transparent, saclike, round and flat at the end with a curved, pointed stylet. Female opening in dorsal furrow on right side, posterior to male aperture containing penial sheath. Bursa copulatrix inside posterior end of body, connected to outside by vaginal pore; duct running forward along midline of body to region where sperm duct and oviduct separate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C0AFFC645D7F891FB9719E2" author="Ev" box="[905,1102,1918,1942]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1973) On the genus Bosellia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ascoglossa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 811 - 823." type="journal article" year="1973">Ev. Marcus 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 15). The specimens here examined also had a round penis with a hollow apical stylet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C0AFFC6452EF84EFC1B19CE" box="[880,962,1953,1978]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1510,1532]" captionTargetBox="[239,1350,338,1481]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[235,1352,337,1489]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Penial morphology of some species examined. A, Elysia ornata (LACM 178583). B – E, Elysia crispata (LACM 178640) (B); (LACM 178641) (C); (LACM 2004.5.1) (D); (isolate Ecri _ 10 LKS 03) (E). F, Elysia chlorotica (LACM 178597). G – H, Elysia patina (LACM 178650) (G); (LACM 178651) (H). I, Elysia flava (LACM 178626). J, Elysia subornata (LACM 178629). K, Elysia canguzua (LACM 178644). L, Elysia serca (CPIC 00027). M, Elysia evelinae (MZUCR INB 0003312779). N, Elysia velutinus (LACM 178642), O, Elysia papillosa (LACM 178607). P, Elysia cornigera (LACM 173227). Q, Elysia marcusi (LACM 178647), R, Elysia pratensis (CPIC 00068). S, Elysia zuleicae (LACM 178656). Abbreviations: bw, body wall; dd, deferent duct; pe, penis; s, stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256952/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
Q, 40C), confirming Ev. Marcus’ (1973) description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7C9C9FF39C09FFC546C9FBACFDE41A03" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256988/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1068]" targetPageId="70">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C09FFC546C9FBACFDE41A03" blockId="70.[151,1435,1091,1143]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C09FFC546C9FBACFEF81A2D" bold="true" box="[151,289,1091,1113]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIGURE 40.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C09FFC54776FBACFE191A2D" box="[296,448,1091,1113]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C09FFC54776FBACFE191A2D" box="[296,448,1091,1113]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Elysia marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SEM of the radula and penis (LACM 178648).
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C09FFC545E9FBACFC161A2D" bold="true" box="[951,975,1091,1113]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A,</emphasis>
|
||
Partly disarticulated but complete radula.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C09FFC543DAFBACFA421A2D" bold="true" box="[1412,1435,1091,1113]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">B,</emphasis>
|
||
Tooth showing denticles.
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C09FFC547C5FB8EFE6D1A03" bold="true" box="[411,436,1121,1143]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">C,</emphasis>
|
||
Penial stylet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C09FFC54699FB71FC0C1B33" blockId="70.[151,1437,1182,2035]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
During mating, some pairs lined up with the head of one aligned with the tail of the other, and reciprocally inseminated for periods of>1 hour. Occasional group mating was observed, with three slugs forming a circle, each inseminating the slug before it. Inseminations occurred either into the posterior furrow, at or near the location of the terminal vaginal pore leading to the internal bursa copulatrix (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C09FFC5453DFAE5FC6E1B57" box="[867,951,1290,1315]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
D), or into the antero-lateral furrow. Slugs settled into their round, flat resting morphology immediately after mating.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C09FFC54699FABDFBD718A7" blockId="70.[151,1437,1182,2035]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Larval development is described in Krug (2009) as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C09FFC54540FABDFCA31B1F" box="[798,890,1362,1387]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C09FFC54540FABDFCA31B1F" box="[798,890,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Bosellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C09FFC545D1FABBFC311B1F" box="[911,1000,1364,1387]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C09FFC545D1FABBFC311B1F" box="[911,1000,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Development is lecithotrophic. Mean clutch size was 26.0 ± 14.3 SD, including clutches from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C09FFC54560FA99FC561BFB" box="[830,911,1398,1423]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(n = 4),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C09FFC5425CFA99FB851BFB" box="[1026,1116,1398,1423]" name="Jamaica" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(n = 9) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C09FFC542A3FA98FA411BFB" box="[1277,1432,1398,1423]" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
San
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C09FFC5436DFA99FA411BFB" box="[1331,1432,1398,1423]" name="El Salvador" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C09FFC546C9FA75FF271BC7" box="[151,254,1434,1459]" name="Bahamas" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
(n = 3). Grand mean diameter of uncleaved ova was 103.9 µm ± 2.8 SD (n = 8 clutches; range of mean egg diameters from different clutches was 99.5 ± 3.3 to 108.5 ± 4.4). White or yellow eggs are laid in a typical spiral, one egg per capsule, usually with ECY of the same color attached to the outside of the egg capsules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C09FFC54331FA0DFF6D186B" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
E–H). One clutch from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C09FFC547E3F9E8FD8B186B" box="[445,594,1542,1567]" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
San
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C09FFC547B0F9E9FD8B186B" box="[494,594,1542,1567]" name="El Salvador" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
had both white and yellow ova, and white and yellow ECY (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C09FFC5435CF9E9FA8C186B" box="[1282,1365,1542,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Of 13 clutches observed sufficiently early in development, ECY was present as one rounded blob per capsule (6 clutches;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C09FFC54758F9A1FE851813" box="[262,348,1614,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
E); two small streaks per capsule (one clutch); continuous threads of almost translucent pale yellow (two clutches;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C09FFC547CEF99DFE3B18FF" box="[400,482,1650,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
F); one irregular blob or streak for every third capsule (one clutch;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C09FFC5428BF99DFAFE18FF" box="[1237,1319,1650,1675]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
G); or was absent (all three clutches from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C09FFC547A6F979FD9418DB" box="[504,589,1686,1711]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C09FFC54407F979FD7518DB" box="[601,684,1686,1711]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1400,1422]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@69.[151,1436,193,1379]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 39. Elysia marcusi, external morphology and egg masses. A, Crawling specimen from Jamaica showing vaginal pore (vp) and antero-lateral furrow (af). B, Crawling specimen from Florida with white spots. C, Resting specimen from Jamaica, showing rounded “ gumdrop ” posture adopted by slugs on algae. Size = 4 mm (A), 5 mm (B), 4 mm (C). D, Copulating specimens from Jamaica. Translucent penis of slug (left) is visibly being inserted into vaginal pore of larger slug (right); note antero-lateral furrows on both slugs. Field of view = 5 mm. E – H, Egg masses showing variation in ECY. Clutches deposited by Jamaica specimens had either regularly spaced blobs of whitish ECY, one attached to the outside of each capsule (E; width of egg mass = 1.2 mm), or else a thread of yellow ECY running along the inside edge of the string of egg capsules (F; width of egg mass = 1.6 mm). An egg mass from San Salvador (G) containing both white and yellow ova at the four-cell stage had ECY deposited as one white blob or streak per capsule for the first turn of the egg spiral, but thereafter as one yellow blob or streak every third capsule. Width of egg mass = 1.5 mm. An egg mass from Florida lacked ECY (H; width of egg mass = 1.0 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256987/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
H). Capsules were deposited with an opaque material, presumably albumen, surrounding the uncleaved ova; capsular fluid cleared within an hour.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C09FFC54699F931FF391987" blockId="70.[151,1437,1182,2035]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
Clutches held at ~25°C developed large eyespots after about 10 d, and in some clutches the encapsulated larvae developed a brick-red color shortly before hatching. Intra-capsular metamorphosis was only recorded in one of 11 clutches (Krug 2009). Larvae hatched after 14 d (± 0.7 SD, n = 2), releasing swimming veligers that swam actively for 4–7 d before either undergoing spontaneous metamorphosis or dying in the absence of an algal cue (Krug 2009). Mean larval shell length was 190.3 µm (± 13.9 SD, n = 5 clutches, grand mean; range = 175.5 ± 7.63 to 210.3 ± 13.3), the smallest lecithotrophic larvae reported for any elysiid, and the second-smallest out of 22 sacoglossans for which data exist; only the poecilogonous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C09FFC54573F859FC0219BB" box="[813,987,1974,1999]" class="Gastropoda" family="Limapontiidae" genus="Alderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="willowi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C09FFC54573F859FC0219BB" box="[813,987,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Alderia willowi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has smaller lecithotrophic larvae (Krug 2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C08FFC44699FF78FED41CDC" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C08FFC44699FF78FF331F10" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44699FF78FEBC1EC4" bold="true" box="[199,357,151,176]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Host ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C08FFC447D5FF78FE051EC4" box="[395,476,151,176]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C08FFC4444AFF78FDA81EC4" box="[532,625,151,176]" name="Jamaica" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, specimens were collected from clumps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44207FF78FAFC1EC4" box="[1113,1317,151,176]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="opuntia">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44207FF78FAFC1EC4" box="[1113,1317,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Halimeda opuntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, generally in shaded and protected habitats, in water as shallow as a few cm. Slugs maintained in aquaria fed readily on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC443DFFF52FF341E8C" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="opuntia">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC443DFFF52FF341E8C" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">H. opuntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and rarely crawled off their host, on which they are highly cryptic. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C08FFC4426CFF30FB411E8C" box="[1074,1176,223,248]" name="Bahamas" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
sites, specimens were collected from clumps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44791FEEAFD951F68" box="[463,588,261,284]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="goreaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44791FEEAFD951F68" box="[463,588,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">H. goreaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that grew hanging down in highly shaded pockets of dead coral (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C08FFC4432FFEEBFF251F34" country="El Salvador" name="San Salvador" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
San
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F48FEB9C08FFC446C9FEC8FF251F34" box="[151,252,295,320]" name="El Salvador" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
) or under rock ledges (New Providence). Specimens were not collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC4423DFEC6FB201F34" box="[1123,1273,297,320]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="incrassata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC4423DFEC6FB201F34" box="[1123,1273,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">H. incrassata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44359FEC6FA851F34" box="[1287,1372,297,320]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="tuna">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44359FEC6FA851F34" box="[1287,1372,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">H. tuna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC443DFFEC6FF3A1F11" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="monile">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC443DFFEC6FF3A1F11" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">H. monile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C08FFC44699FE80FED41CDC" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44699FE80FDD31FFC" bold="true" box="[199,522,367,392]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Phylogenetic relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
Our phylogenetic analyses indicated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC4459EFE9EFBE51FFC" box="[960,1084,369,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC4459EFE9EFBE51FFC" box="[960,1084,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a derived species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44308FE80FA451FFC" box="[1366,1436,367,392]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44308FE80FA451FFC" box="[1366,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Elysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C08FFC446C1FE7BFF3D1FD8" box="[159,228,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[222,1338,197,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[222,1338,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic hypothesis for family Plakobranchidae rooted on genus Bosellia (not shown) to illustrate relationships within the genera Elysia, Plakobranchus and Thuridilla. Topology and branch lengths are from Maximum Likelihood analysis of concatenated DNA sequences (2,807 bp total) representing portions of two mitochondrial (COI, 16 S) and two nuclear (H 3, 28 S) genes. Significant support values are given as ML bootstrap percentages (below branch), or BI posterior probabilities (above branch); asterisk = 1.0 or 100 % support. Species discussed in this study are bolded. Triangle denotes presence of a penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256950/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) consistent with prior molecular analyses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC44493FE7BFC621FD8" author="Handeler" box="[717,955,404,429]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Handeler, K., Grzymbowski, Y. P., Krug, P. J. & Wagele, H. (2009) Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells: A unique evolutionary strategy in animal life. Frontiers in Zoology, 6, 28. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1742 - 9994 - 6 - 28" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Händeler
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44560FE7AFCA11FD9" box="[830,888,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Christa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC4427FFE7AFB821FD9" box="[1057,1115,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC442F5FE7AFAB51FD9" author="Krug" box="[1195,1388,404,429]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Krug, P. J., Vendetti, J. E., Ellingson, R. A., Trowbridge, C. D., Hirano, Y. M., Trathen, D. Y., Rodriguez, A. K., Swennen, C., Wilson, N. G. & Valdes, A. (2015) Species selection favors dispersive life histories in sea slugs, but higher per-offspring investment drives shifts to short-lived larvae. Systematic Biology, 64, 983 - 999. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syv 046" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Krug
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC442B3FE7AFAFF1FD9" box="[1261,1318,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its misclassification as a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC447C5FE58FE2E1FA4" box="[411,503,439,464]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC447C5FE58FE2E1FA4" box="[411,503,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bosellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resulted from the fusion of parapodia over the dorsum, and convergence on a flattened boselliid shape due to their shared niche (adhering tightly to flat pieces of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44260FE33FB751F81" box="[1086,1196,476,501]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44260FE33FB751F81" box="[1086,1196,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Halimeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC4429DFE33FAB01F80" box="[1219,1385,476,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC4429DFE33FAB01F80" box="[1219,1385,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Elysia marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not closely related to any of the seven other sampled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC444A2FE10FC9B1C6C" box="[764,834,511,536]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC444A2FE10FC9B1C6C" box="[764,834,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Elysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. that feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC4424CFE10FB591C6C" box="[1042,1152,511,536]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC4424CFE10FB591C6C" box="[1042,1152,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Halimeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and was one of the few species for which no sister taxon was identified with significant support (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B0D8D3FE9C08FFC44588FDCBFBC51C48" box="[982,1052,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[222,1338,197,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[222,1338,193,1823]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic hypothesis for family Plakobranchidae rooted on genus Bosellia (not shown) to illustrate relationships within the genera Elysia, Plakobranchus and Thuridilla. Topology and branch lengths are from Maximum Likelihood analysis of concatenated DNA sequences (2,807 bp total) representing portions of two mitochondrial (COI, 16 S) and two nuclear (H 3, 28 S) genes. Significant support values are given as ML bootstrap percentages (below branch), or BI posterior probabilities (above branch); asterisk = 1.0 or 100 % support. Species discussed in this study are bolded. Triangle denotes presence of a penial stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256950/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The relatively long branch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC443DAFDCAFF291C14" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC443DAFDCAFF291C14" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could result from a failure to sample related species, and/or from the high degree of adaptive evolution that this taxon has undergone, reflected in both the highly derived morphology of this taxon and a large number of fixed mutations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C08FFC44699FD5BFAAD1C84" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C08FFC44699FD5BFAAD1C84" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44699FD5BFECA1CB9" bold="true" box="[199,275,692,717]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Range</emphasis>
|
||
. Bahamas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC447C7FD5BFD381CB9" author="Redfern" box="[409,737,692,717]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Redfern, C. (2013) Bahamian Seashells, 1161 Species from Abaco, Bahamas. Bahamiamseashells. com, Inc., Boca Raton, viii + 501 pp." type="book" year="2013">Redfern 2013; present study</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Costa Rica (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC445DCFD5BFB4B1CB8" author="Espinosa" box="[898,1170,692,717]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Espinosa, J. & Ortea, J. (2001) Moluscos del Mar Caribe de Costa Rica: Desde Cahuita hasta Gandoca. Avicennia, suplemento 4, 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="2001">Espinosa & Ortea 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Cuba (Espinosa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC4433CFD5AFA451CB9" box="[1378,1436,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005), Florida, USA (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC447D2FD37FD851C84" author="Ev" box="[396,604,728,752]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1972 a) On some opisthobranchs from Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 22, 284 - 308." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Ev. Marcus 1972a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC44439FD38FD311C84" author="Clark" box="[615,744,727,752]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Clark, K. B. (1994) Ascoglossan (= Sacoglossa) molluscs in the Florida Keys: Rare marine invertebrates at special risk. Bulletin of Marine Science, 54, 900 - 916." type="journal article" year="1994">Clark 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present study), Jamaica (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC44259FD38FAB11C84" author="Thompson" box="[1031,1384,727,752]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Thompson, T. E. (1977) Jamaican opisthobranch molluscs I. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 43, 93 - 140, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1977">Thompson 1977; present study</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="60F99CF09C08FFC44699FD13FB7F187C" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C08FFC44699FD13FB581B78" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44699FD13FEE21D61" bold="true" box="[199,315,764,789]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC4471FFD12FDC11D60" author="Ev" box="[321,536,764,788]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1972 a) On some opisthobranchs from Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 22, 284 - 308." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Ev. Marcus (1972a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC4447DFD13FD851D60" author="Marcus" box="[547,604,764,788]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1973) On the genus Bosellia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ascoglossa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 811 - 823." type="journal article" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) placed this species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44503FD13FC601D61" box="[861,953,764,789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44503FD13FC601D61" box="[861,953,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bosellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presumably due to the absence of apparent parapodia, despite the absence of dorsal vessels. Preceding molecular phylogenetic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC4420CFCF0FAE71D4C" author="Handeler" box="[1106,1342,799,824]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Handeler, K., Grzymbowski, Y. P., Krug, P. J. & Wagele, H. (2009) Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells: A unique evolutionary strategy in animal life. Frontiers in Zoology, 6, 28. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1742 - 9994 - 6 - 28" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Händeler
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC4429CFCCEFB251D4C" box="[1218,1276,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Christa
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC446C9FCAAFF091D29" box="[151,208,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC4477FFCAAFE071D29" author="Krug" box="[289,478,836,861]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Krug, P. J., Vendetti, J. E., Ellingson, R. A., Trowbridge, C. D., Hirano, Y. M., Trathen, D. Y., Rodriguez, A. K., Swennen, C., Wilson, N. G. & Valdes, A. (2015) Species selection favors dispersive life histories in sea slugs, but higher per-offspring investment drives shifts to short-lived larvae. Systematic Biology, 64, 983 - 999. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syv 046" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Krug
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC4473CFCAAFE451D29" box="[354,412,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and developmental studies (Krug 2009) noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44271FCAAFB701D28" box="[1071,1193,837,860]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44271FCAAFB701D28" box="[1071,1193,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was a derived
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44308FCABFA451D29" box="[1366,1436,836,861]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44308FCABFA451D29" box="[1366,1436,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Elysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, but no formal taxonomic transfer has been published previously. Anatomical study indicates the parapodia secondarily fused to the body, forming the curved antero-lateral furrow and the mid-dorsal line.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC4428CFC63FA451DD0" author="Thompson" box="[1234,1436,908,933]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Thompson, T. E. (1977) Jamaican opisthobranch molluscs I. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 43, 93 - 140, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1977">Thompson (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
speculated about this, noting the “dorsal longitudinal line resembled the line of fusion of lateral parapodial lobes found in some aplysiomorphs”. The fusion of parapodia would have covered the ancestral dorsal vessel network and renopericardial complex, becoming hidden from external observation.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC44256FC17FB331A64" author="Ev" box="[1032,1258,1016,1040]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1972 a) On some opisthobranchs from Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 22, 284 - 308." type="journal article" year="1972" yearSuffix="a">Ev. Marcus (1972a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC442A5FC17FAED1A64" author="Marcus" box="[1275,1332,1016,1040]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1973) On the genus Bosellia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ascoglossa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 811 - 823." type="journal article" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) did not question her assignment of this species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC4442AFBF3FD091A41" box="[628,720,1052,1077]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC4442AFBF3FD091A41" box="[628,720,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bosellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, despite remarking on the numerous features that distinguished
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC446C9FBAEFEC91A2C" box="[151,272,1089,1112]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC446C9FBAEFEC91A2C" box="[151,272,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(slender, curved radular teeth; ascus storing discarded teeth; no evident dorsal vessels, pericardium or pharyngeal crop; triaulic reproductive system with few, large follicles in the ovotestes; penial stylet) from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC443DAFB8AFF271AD4" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mimetica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC443DAFB8AFF271AD4" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">B. mimetica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C72B28A9C08FFC44753FB67FE381AD4" box="[269,481,1160,1184]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Marcus, Ev. (1973) On the genus Bosellia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ascoglossa). Bulletin of Marine Science, 23, 811 - 823." type="journal article">Ev. Marcus (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44400FB66FD3A1AD4" box="[606,739,1161,1184]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="corinnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44400FB66FD3A1AD4" box="[606,739,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">B. corinnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="EA2701999C08FFC44574FB68FCA71AD4" box="[810,894,1159,1184]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
, which in most respects was more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC443DAFB66FF291AB0" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC443DAFB66FF291AB0" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44712FB42FE0B1AB0" box="[332,466,1197,1220]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mimetica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44712FB42FE0B1AB0" box="[332,466,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">B. mimetica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but had the exposed dorsal vessels of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC445D9FB43FC3A1AB1" box="[903,995,1196,1221]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC445D9FB43FC3A1AB1" box="[903,995,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bosellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
yet highly distinct radular teeth. Given the absence of any subsequent studies, the identity and generic placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC445A4FB3EFBA71A9C" box="[1018,1150,1233,1256]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="corinnae">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC445A4FB3EFBA71A9C" box="[1018,1150,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">B. corinnae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unclear; it could be a derived
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44778FB1BFEB51B79" box="[294,364,1268,1293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44778FB1BFEB51B79" box="[294,364,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Elysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that has lost parapodia, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC444F0FB1AFCD01B78" box="[686,777,1269,1292]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="serca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC444F0FB1AFCD01B78" box="[686,777,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. serca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or a second Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC445A0FB1BFB831B79" box="[1022,1114,1268,1293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC445A0FB1BFB831B79" box="[1022,1114,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bosellia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="285CCF7B9C08FFC44699FAF8FB7F187C" blockId="71.[151,1437,151,1544]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Together with its small size, the secondary fusion of parapodia over the dorsum allows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC442C9FAF6FAD61B44" box="[1175,1295,1305,1328]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC442C9FAF6FAD61B44" box="[1175,1295,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to flatten its body onto blades of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC447DFFAD3FD951B20" box="[385,588,1340,1365]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="opuntia">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC447DFFAD3FD951B20" box="[385,588,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Halimeda opuntia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC4442BFAD2FD371B20" box="[629,750,1341,1364]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="species" species="goreaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC4442BFAD2FD371B20" box="[629,750,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">H. goreaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in protected microhabitats. Several elysiids have a flattened body shape and reduced parapodia (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC4441AFA8EFD6D1B0C" box="[580,692,1375,1400]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC4441AFA8EFD6D1B0C" box="[580,692,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44496FA8EFC911B0C" box="[712,840,1375,1400]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44496FA8EFC911B0C" box="[712,840,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. stylifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44505FA8EFC621B0C" box="[859,955,1377,1400]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="serca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44505FA8EFC621B0C" box="[859,955,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. serca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) analogous to the fused parapodia in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC443DAFA8EFF291BE8" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC443DAFA8EFF291BE8" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, likely reflecting convergent evolution. Selection may favor a flattened morphology for greater adherence to hosts presenting flat surfaces such as seagrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44487FA46FCEF1BB4" box="[729,822,1449,1472]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="serca">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44487FA46FCEF1BB4" box="[729,822,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. serca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC445E1FA48FBF71BB4" box="[959,1070,1447,1472]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Udoteaceae" genus="Halimeda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Bryopsidales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC445E1FA48FBF71BB4" box="[959,1070,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Halimeda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44226FA46FB3C1BB4" box="[1144,1253,1447,1472]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44226FA46FB3C1BB4" box="[1144,1253,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC442A8FA46FAAA1BB4" box="[1270,1395,1447,1472]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stylifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC442A8FA46FAAA1BB4" box="[1270,1395,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. stylifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC443DAFA46FF291B90" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC443DAFA46FF291B90" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC446A1FA23FE101B90" box="[255,457,1484,1509]" class="Gastropoda" family="Boselliidae" genus="Bosellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mimetica">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC446A1FA23FE101B90" box="[255,457,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Bosellia mimetica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Homoplasy in body form resulted in the erroneous generic placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFE3B4F89C08FFC44342FA22FA4C1B90" box="[1308,1429,1485,1508]" class="Gastropoda" family="Plakobranchidae" genus="Elysia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marcusi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A9713699C08FFC44342FA22FA4C1B90" box="[1308,1429,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. marcusi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, highlighting the need to consider ecological information when making taxonomic diagnoses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |