552 lines
61 KiB
XML
552 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="08395C75A0B4758382324B252F5A6815" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0d08947e-58cb-44b1-816f-116333e54d61" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="289621" ID-ZooBank="DEC9A4D9-8A52-4AF0-B45B-076BC40730BA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461268341881" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Michelsen, Verner" docDate="2015" docId="9F0510086B58D306D8A7760DFE8B7BBE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04020p080.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4020 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pegomya fulgens" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="633C68706B59D305D8307215FFD0793A" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of the major larval pests of bolete fungi (Boletaceae) in Europe: The Pegomya fulgens, furva and tabida species groups (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="80" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698611093928" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4528AB1C56425720BCE4F2FFA5D665D6">
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<mods:title id="5F95634A43E51583552DABBCB2C5FD3F">Taxonomic review of the major larval pests of bolete fungi (Boletaceae) in Europe: The Pegomya fulgens, furva and tabida species groups (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BEAF4A95FF5B5F19D49238F044831690" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4AF791CEC9253E7A8B9139DD5818E779">Michelsen, Verner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="154B5208A403ADE8B949DFDA769B635C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EDDEC2E7C56DC745BA434221C3E4B72C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="603602FEC044BA10BB884F84C60C968E">
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<mods:date id="F1C1EB518375F56AF11B835C3FE16456">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A653420F2BFA7769710CB8A1184AC65F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2B4BB7E4294E9903E33C3E7226B02EC0">4020</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="119992633BD155E37A2418033370AEAE" type="issue">
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<mods:identifier id="8A214349461DC542B36B93B9948D8D76" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4020.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9F0510086B58D306D8A7760DFE8B7BBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6096926" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127693414" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6096926" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F0510086B58D306D8A7760DFE8B7BBE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F0510086B58D306D8A7760DFE8B7BBE" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection id="5FB6F2956B58D304D8A7760DFDF87D08" box="[151,552,1047,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1713A11E6B58D304D8A7760DFDF87D08" blockId="1.[151,552,1047,1074]" box="[151,552,1047,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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<heading id="4C5B16726B58D304D8A7760DFDF87D08" bold="true" box="[151,552,1047,1074]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D8A7760DFDF87D08" bold="true" box="[151,552,1047,1074]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304D8FF7602FE4F7D0B" ID-CoL="769X6" box="[207,415,1047,1073]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D8FF7602FE4F7D0B" bold="true" box="[207,415,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subsection
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5FB6F2956B58D307D8A7764BFAAF7D9B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1713A11E6B58D304D8A7764BFB797FA9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1118,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D8A7764BFEC17D4D" bold="true" box="[151,273,1118,1143]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Ground colour of head, body and appendages ranging from extensively yellow to extensively brownish black. Even the darkest males of
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DA287691FD147DA1" box="[536,708,1155,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DA287691FD147DA1" box="[536,708,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Pegomya furva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are yellowish enlightened at palpal base and on tibiae, and the palest, newly emerged males and females show at least some darkening on occiput and postpedicel. Prementum glossy, without any dusting. Knob of haltere yellow. Antennae and mouth parts unremarkable: Postpedicel more or less shorter than distance between upper katepisternal setae; palp at widest point not or barely exceeding width of parafacial. Male frons at narrowest point with contiguous parafrontalia usually separating the eyes by less than transverse diameter of anterior ocellus, bare apart from 2‒4 pairs of frontal setae on lower half. Female frons with pair of interfrontal setae varying in size from normal to absent. Parafacialia moderately narrow, in middle one-third to two-thirds as wide as postpedicel. Genal setae few, standing in a single row. Acrostichal setal rows in front of suture usually slightly closer together than their distance to adjacent dorsocentral setal rows. Prealar seta, except in
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D8A777D2FECB7CE4" box="[151,283,1479,1502]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304D8A777D2FEC87CE4" box="[151,280,1479,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittigera">P. vittigera</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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shorter than posterior notopleural seta. Lower calypter same size as or slightly smaller than upper calypter. Vein C, except in
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304D9F977F9FD947F39" box="[457,580,1516,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittigera">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D9F977F9FD947F39" box="[457,580,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. vittigera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, without
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DA8077FFFD6E7F39" box="[688,702,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">d</emphasis>
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setulae but with abundant
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DBDF77F9FC2B7F39" box="[1007,1019,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">v</emphasis>
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setulae. Fore tibia with 1
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DD1477FFFA907F39" box="[1316,1344,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">ad</emphasis>
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and 1
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DDBE77F9FA4C7F39" box="[1422,1436,1516,1539]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">p</emphasis>
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setae. Mid femur with 0
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D981741AFE1C7F1C" box="[433,460,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">av</emphasis>
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and 2‒4 basal
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DA4A741AFD457F1C" box="[634,661,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">pv</emphasis>
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setae (fewer in females than males). Mid tibia with 0‒1
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DD2D741BFAE97F1D" box="[1309,1337,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">ad</emphasis>
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(present and stronger in females), 1‒2
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D9D47427FDD07F71" box="[484,512,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">pd</emphasis>
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and 1‒2
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DA567421FDA47F71" box="[614,628,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">p</emphasis>
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setae.
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<collectingCountry id="6FBBE18E6B58D304DAF17427FD297F71" box="[705,761,1586,1611]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Hind</collectingCountry>
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femur (
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<figureCitation id="8F97BD9B6B58D304DB617427FC447F71" box="[849,916,1586,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 ‒ 10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1998,2021]" captionTargetBox="[233,1338,1037,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,988,1976]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 6 ‒ 10. Pegomya spp., male. Left hind leg. Same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289623/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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) with 4‒8
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DC3C7421FBF67F71" box="[1036,1062,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">av</emphasis>
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setae, 0‒
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<date id="631287DE6B58D304DCA47426FB4E7F71" box="[1172,1182,1587,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">1</date>
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DC947421FB607F71" box="[1188,1200,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">v</emphasis>
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seta near at base and 0‒3
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D8F97442FF337F54" box="[201,227,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">pv</emphasis>
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setae at mid-length.
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<collectingCountry id="6FBBE18E6B58D304D9E27443FDDA7F55" box="[466,522,1622,1647]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Hind</collectingCountry>
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tibia with 1
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DAAC7442FD657F54" box="[668,693,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">av</emphasis>
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, 2‒3
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DAC57443FCC17F55" box="[757,785,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">ad</emphasis>
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and 2
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DB507443FCAC7F55" box="[864,892,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">pd</emphasis>
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setae. Female tergite VI shiny, without dusting, normally almost concealed under tergite V. Three spermathecae blackish, small and globular.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1713A11E6B58D307D8F7748BFEC47805" blockId="1.[151,1436,1118,2007]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D8F7748BFD817F8D" bold="true" box="[199,593,1694,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Species groups and relationships.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DABA748AFC9A7F8D" box="[650,842,1694,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DABA748AFC9A7F8D" box="[650,842,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subsection was first proposed by
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<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B58D304DCF4748BFAA47F8D" author="Griffiths" box="[1220,1396,1694,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Griffiths, G. C. D. (1983) Anthomyiidae [part]. In: Griffiths, G. C. D. (Ed.), Flies of the Nearctic Region, 8 (2), 2. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 161 - 288." type="journal article" year="1983">Griffiths (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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for three “superspecies” referred to in the following as the
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DB2C74D1FC0E7FE1" box="[796,990,1730,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DB2C74D1FC0E7FE1" box="[796,990,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DBDF74D6FBFB7FE1" box="[1007,1067,1731,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DBDF74D6FBFB7FE1" box="[1007,1067,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">furva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DC5774D7FB7F7FE1" box="[1127,1199,1730,1755]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabida">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DC5774D7FB7F7FE1" box="[1127,1199,1730,1755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">tabida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species groups. The
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304D8A774F2FE887FC5" box="[151,344,1766,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D8A774F2FE887FC5" box="[151,344,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group includes two very similar species, the West Palearctic
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DC5574F2FB1F7FC5" box="[1125,1231,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. f ulgens</emphasis>
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(Meigen) and the northern Holarctic
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304D9467519FD787E19" authority="Zetterstedt" authorityName="Zetterstedt" box="[374,680,1802,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trangressa">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D9467519FDDD7E19" box="[374,525,1804,1827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. trangressa</emphasis>
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(Zetterstedt)
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</taxonomicName>
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. The
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DADE7519FC4E7E19" box="[750,926,1803,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DADE7519FC4E7E19" box="[750,926,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Pegomya furva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group consists also of two weakly differentiated species, both with northern Holarctic distributions,
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DB4C753AFC017E7C" box="[892,977,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. f urva</emphasis>
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Ringdahl and
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DC4C753AFE8C7E51" authority="Ackland & Griffiths. The" authorityName="Ackland & Griffiths. The" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circumpolaris">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DC4C753AFAE57E7D" box="[1148,1333,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. circumpolaris</emphasis>
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Ackland & Griffiths. The
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304D95A7541FDF87E51" box="[362,552,1874,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabida">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D95A7541FDF87E51" box="[362,552,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Pegomya tabida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group contains 11 species, among them six Holarctic:
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DD1E7541FA497E51" box="[1326,1433,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. z o na t a</emphasis>
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(Zetterstedt),
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<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304D9057562FD847EB5" authority="Zetterstedt" authorityName="Zetterstedt" box="[309,596,1910,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notabilis">
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<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D9057562FE697EB5" box="[309,441,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. notabilis</emphasis>
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(Zetterstedt)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DA557562FC977EB5" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[613,839,1910,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabida">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DA557562FD1F7EB5" box="[613,719,1910,1935]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. tabida</emphasis>
|
||
(Meigen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DB687562FBA47EB5" authority="Zetterstedt" authorityName="Zetterstedt" box="[856,1140,1910,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DB687562FC097EB4" box="[856,985,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. vittigera</emphasis>
|
||
(Zetterstedt)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DCB57562FB2B7EB4" box="[1157,1275,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. i n ci s i v a</emphasis>
|
||
Stein and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DDB77562FE717E89" authority="Zetterstedt" authorityName="Zetterstedt" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DDB77562FEDC7E89" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. scapularis</emphasis>
|
||
(Zetterstedt)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, two Nearctic:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DA7E7589FCB77E89" authority="Griffiths" authorityName="Griffiths" box="[590,871,1946,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassiforceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DA7E7589FD2E7E89" box="[590,766,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. crassiforceps</emphasis>
|
||
Griffiths
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DBAF7589FB5C7E89" authority="Griffiths" authorityName="Griffiths" box="[927,1164,1946,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gilvoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DBAF7589FBF17E89" box="[927,1057,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. gilvoides</emphasis>
|
||
Griffiths
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and three Palearctic:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DDB77589FEA37EED" authority="Zetterstedt" authorityName="Zetterstedt" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenera">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DDB77589FF0F7EEC" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. tenera</emphasis>
|
||
(Zetterstedt)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304D94E75AAFDBA7EED" authority="Loew" authorityName="Loew" box="[382,618,1982,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304D94E75AAFDC07EED" box="[382,528,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. pulchripes</emphasis>
|
||
(Loew)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DA9175AAFCF57EED" box="[673,805,1982,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ringdahli" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DA9175AAFCF57EED" box="[673,805,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">P. ringdahli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EEBC0776B58D304DB1C75AAFC537EEC" box="[812,899,1983,2006]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
All nine species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B58D304DCBD75AAFA947EED" box="[1165,1348,1982,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabida">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B58D304DCBD75AAFA947EED" box="[1165,1348,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Pegomya tabida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group with Holarctic or Palearctic distributions are found in Europe. The knowledge about the occurrence of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307D8A772A8FE8A79EF" box="[151,346,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307D8A772A8FE8A79EF" box="[151,346,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsection east of the Urals is still fragmentary. The only species recorded from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FBBE18E6B5BD307DD3E72A9FA8179EF" box="[1294,1361,188,213]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DDB772A8FF0F79C2" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabida">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DDB772A8FF0F79C2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. tabida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307D92572F4FE7779C2" box="[277,423,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307D92572F4FE7779C2" box="[277,423,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. pulchripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FBBE18E6B5BD307D9C472F5FDE479CD" box="[500,564,224,247]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DA0C72F4FD7279C2" box="[572,674,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DA0C72F4FD7279C2" box="[572,674,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. zonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DA8072F4FCFE79C2" box="[688,814,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DA8072F4FCFE79C2" box="[688,814,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. notabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DB0D72F4FC1F79C2" box="[829,975,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DB0D72F4FC1F79C2" box="[829,975,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. pulchripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and possibly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DC5B72F4FB3E79C2" box="[1131,1262,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ringdahli">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DC5B72F4FB3E79C2" box="[1131,1262,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. ringdahli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FBBE18E6B5BD307DD0C72F5FA5079CD" box="[1340,1408,224,247]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DDB772F4FEDD7827" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DDB772F4FEDD7827" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. pulchripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; from Far East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FBBE18E6B5BD307D9F97311FDC47827" box="[457,532,260,285]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuriles)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DBA17310FBE27826" box="[913,1074,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transgressa">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DBA17310FBE27826" box="[913,1074,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. transgressa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DC737310FB147827" box="[1091,1220,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DC737310FB147827" box="[1091,1220,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. notabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DCE57310FA9B7826" box="[1237,1355,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisiva">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DCE57310FA9B7826" box="[1237,1355,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. incisiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DDB77310FEDD787A" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DDB77310FEDD787A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. pulchripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1713A11E6B5BD307D8F77359FE3C78CE" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The evidence for the monophyly of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DAB77358FC98785F" box="[647,840,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DAB77358FC98785F" box="[647,840,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsection is rather circumstantial, but supported by the observation that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307D98D7364FDBE78B2" box="[445,622,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307D98D7364FDBE78B2" box="[445,622,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya furva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group perfectly bridges the morphological gap between the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307D8A77380FE8B7897" box="[151,347,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307D8A77380FE8B7897" box="[151,347,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group and the overall apomorphic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DB687380FBC37897" box="[856,1043,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabida">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DB687380FBC37897" box="[856,1043,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya tabida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group. Further support is gained from the observation that the larvae from the three species groups may all feed exclusively on a narrow selection of bolete sporocarps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1713A11E6B5BD307D8F773EAFE877BBF" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307D8CB7014FE6C7B22" box="[251,444,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307D8CB7014FE6C7B22" box="[251,444,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group appears overall plesiomorphic in relation to the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DD047014FF027B06" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DD047014FF027B06" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya furva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, notably in respect to the simpler male sternite V and the average length oviscapt. Still, it is conceivably monophyletic considering that only subtle morphological differences exist between the only two included species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1713A11E6B5BD307D8F7709AFEEB7BCA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307D8CC7084FE787B92" box="[252,424,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307D8CC7084FE787B92" box="[252,424,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya furva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group also contains two weakly differentiated species. Their monophyly is well supported by the male sternite V possessing a prominent outer expansion on the posterior lobes, and by the very short oviscapt.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1713A11E6B5BD307D8F770E9FBA57A9F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307D8C970E8FE7F7A2F" box="[249,431,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabida">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307D8C970E8FE7F7A2F" box="[249,431,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya tabida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, presently including 11 species, is well supported as monophyletic based on several characters of the male and female terminalia: Posterior lobes of male sternite V split into an obtuse, outer expansion and a projecting inner lamella separated distally by a membranous incision; surstyli and cerci slender and elongated; postgonite and phallus enlarged and elongated; hind marginal setae increasingly reduced on segments VII and VIII of oviscapt; female hypoproct small, without usual cuticular pile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1713A11E6B5BD307D8F771BAFAAF7D9B" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
The structure of the male sternite V in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DA9F71A4FC8B7AF2" box="[687,859,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DA9F71A4FC8B7AF2" box="[687,859,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya furva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F97BD9B6B5BD307DC3F71BAFB407AF2" box="[1039,1168,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURES 11 ‒ 15" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1991,2014]" captionTargetBox="[184,1405,232,1990]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1996]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 11 ‒ 15. Pegomya spp., male. 11 ‒ 13. Sternite V in laterodorsal view. 14, 15. Sternite V in dorsal view. Same scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289624/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Figs 13‒15</figureCitation>
|
||
) approaches that of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307D8A771C0FE837AD7" box="[151,339,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabida">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307D8A771C0FE837AD7" box="[151,339,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya tabida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F97BD9B6B5BD307DA2171C1FD477AD7" box="[529,663,980,1005]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 28 ‒ 33" captionStart-1="FIGURES 34 ‒ 36" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,1759,1782]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,1579,1602]" captionTargetBox-0="[188,1412,255,1709]" captionTargetBox-1="[156,1421,946,1443]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[151,1436,195,1738]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[151,1436,879,1557]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 28 ‒ 33. Pegomya spp., male. Sternite V in laterodorsal view. Same scale." captionText-1="FIGURES 34 ‒ 36. Pegomya spp., male. Sternite V in laterodorsal view. Same scale." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/289626/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/289627/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Figs 28‒36</figureCitation>
|
||
) and suggests that these species groups are most closely related. However, as pointed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5BD307D9E971E2FD5E7D2A" author="Griffiths" box="[473,654,1015,1040]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Griffiths, G. C. D. (1983) Anthomyiidae [part]. In: Griffiths, G. C. D. (Ed.), Flies of the Nearctic Region, 8 (2), 2. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 161 - 288." type="journal article" year="1983">Griffiths (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this is in conflict with other and perhaps more convincing evidence for a closest relationship between the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DA767608FCD87D0F" box="[582,776,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DA767608FCD87D0F" box="[582,776,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DB717608FC3D7D0E" box="[833,1005,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DB717608FC3D7D0E" box="[833,1005,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya furva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species groups. This is first of all the dense clothing of sensilla under the mid and hind tarsi in the females of both species groups (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8F97BD9B6B5BD307DCF4762AFAD97D62" box="[1220,1289,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,957,979]" captionText="FIGURE 5. Pegomya furva, female. Tarsus of left mid and hind legs." pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), an obvious apomorphy not known from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DA187670FD407D46" box="[552,656,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DA187670FD407D46" box="[552,656,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The total absence of scales or other surface texture on the membranous parts of oviscapt may also be synapomorphic for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DBB0769CFB907D9A" box="[896,1088,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DBB0769CFB907D9A" box="[896,1088,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DC46769CFB1D7D9A" box="[1142,1229,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furva">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DC46769CFB1D7D9A" box="[1142,1229,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. furva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5FB6F2956B5BD306D8F776B9FBAF787A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1713A11E6B5BD307D8F776B9FE6C7CA7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307D8F776B9FEF77DFF" bold="true" box="[199,295,1196,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Studies on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307D98576B9FDD97DFF" box="[437,521,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
breeding in sporocarps of macrofungi undertaken in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FBBE18E6B5BD307DC4D76B9FB027DFF" box="[1149,1234,1196,1221]" name="Finland" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5BD307DCD576B9FA487DFF" author="Hackman" box="[1253,1432,1196,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Hackman, W. (1976) De som larver i hattsvampar levande anthomyiidernas biologi (Diptera) [The biology of anthomyiid flies feeding as larvae in fungi (Diptera).] Notulae entomologicae, 56, 129 - 134. [In Swedish with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1976">Hackman 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1979,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5BD307D8ED76DAFDF97DD2" author="Hackman" box="[221,553,1231,1256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Hackman, W. & Meinander, M. (1979) Diptera feeding as larvae on macrofungi in Finland. Annales zoologici fennici, 16, 50 - 83." type="journal article" year="1979">Hackman & Meinander 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5BD307DA0676DAFD2B7DD2" author="Stahls" box="[566,763,1231,1256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Stahls, G., Ribeiro, E. & Hanski, I. (1989) Fungivorous Pegomya flies: spatial and temporal variation in a guild of competitors. Annales zoologici fennici, 26, 103 - 112." type="journal article" year="1989">
|
||
Ståhls
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DAB276C4FD6B7DD2" box="[642,699,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1989
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and in boreal North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FBBE18E6B5BD307DBC076DAFB807DD2" box="[1008,1104,1231,1256]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5BD307DC6F76DAFAD37DD2" author="Griffiths" box="[1119,1283,1231,1256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Griffiths, G. C. D. (1983) Anthomyiidae [part]. In: Griffiths, G. C. D. (Ed.), Flies of the Nearctic Region, 8 (2), 2. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp. 161 - 288." type="journal article" year="1983">Griffiths 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5BD307DD2076C4FA447DD2" author="Bruns" box="[1296,1428,1232,1256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Bruns, T. D. (1984) Insect mycophagy in the Boletales: Fungivore diversity and the mushroom habitat. In: Wheeler, Q. & Blackwell, M. (Eds.), Fungus-insect relationships. Perspectives in ecology and evolution. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 91 - 129." type="book chapter" year="1984">Bruns 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) strongly suggest that all 15 species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DAA276E0FC877C37" box="[658,855,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DAA276E0FC877C37" box="[658,855,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsection have a very narrow larval host range involving primarily boletes (Boletacea) of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DAD2770CFC9F7C0A" box="[738,847,1305,1328]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Leccinum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DAD2770CFC9F7C0A" box="[738,847,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Leccinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, notably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DB86770CFBE47C0A" box="[950,1076,1303,1328]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Leccinum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="scabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DB86770CFBE47C0A" box="[950,1076,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">L. scabrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DC59770CFB2A7C0A" box="[1129,1274,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DC59770CFB267C0A" box="[1129,1270,1303,1328]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Leccinum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="versipelle">L. versipelle</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A few species have also been reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307D9E67729FDA67C6F" box="[470,630,1340,1365]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Boletus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307D9E67729FDA67C6F" box="[470,630,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Boletus edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and closely related “porcini boletes”. A few records from other fungi, notably by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5BD307D927774AFD737C42" author="Dely-Draskovits" box="[279,675,1375,1400]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Dely-Draskovits, A. & Mihalyi, F. (1972) Systematische und okologische Untersuchungen an den in Ungarn als Schadlinge der Hutpilze auftretenden Fliegen, III. Anthomyiidae, Muscidae (Diptera). Annales historico-naturales musei nationalis hungarici, 64, 323 - 329." type="journal article" year="1972">Dely-Draskovits & Mihályi (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, are probably based on misidentifications of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DC917774FAD97C42" box="[1185,1289,1377,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DC917774FAD97C42" box="[1185,1289,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with different host preferences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1713A11E6B5BD307D8F777B2FACA7FAD" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
All species appear to be univoltine and overwinter as puparia in the ground. Puparia of some species may hibernate twice in response to dry seasons with a small production of sporocarps. The adult flies emerge by mid- June to mid-July, often weeks before the emergence of the host sporocarps. The females of some species are longlived and capable of laying eggs on late season sporocarps. My own observations in south
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FBBE18E6B5BD307DCBA7401FB337F17" box="[1162,1251,1556,1581]" name="Sweden" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
indicate that the adults do not normally forage on flowers, but are regularly seen “grazing” on foliage of oak and hazel. They are also attracted to surfaces with secretions from aphids. I have never observed males engaged in swarming or station taking. Gravid females are of course attracted to young sporocarps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DB957494FBC27FA2" box="[933,1042,1665,1688]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Leccinum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DB957494FBC27FA2" box="[933,1042,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Leccinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DC78746AFAC37FA2" box="[1096,1299,1663,1688]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Boletus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DC78746AFB4C7FA2" box="[1096,1180,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Boletus</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DCE0746AFAC37FA2" box="[1232,1299,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1713A11E6B5BD307D8F774B0FDD97EAF" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Most species deposit their eggs four or five together in the pore layer of the young sporocarp according to Hackman (1979). As noted by the same author, a certain niche partion exists though, as two species with sharp and pointed cerci insert their eggs in bigger masses beneath the cap cuticle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DBF574F8FB477E3F" box="[965,1175,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DBF574F8FB477E3F" box="[965,1175,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya notabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or within the stipe (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DDB774F8FF3E7E12" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisiva">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DDB774F8FF3E7E12" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. incisiva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). I would suspect, based on the sharply pointed cerci, that also the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DC637504FB1E7E12" box="[1107,1230,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DC637504FB1E7E12" box="[1107,1230,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">P. vittigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar egglaying strategy. The larvae hatch from the numerous eggs within a day or two and start vigorously to feed and tunnel their way through all fresh fungal tissue available in an attempt to reach maturity before the decay of the sporocarp has progressed too far.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1713A11E6B5BD306D8F775B5FBAF787A" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,645]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307D97575B4FE627E82" box="[325,434,1953,1976]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Leccinum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307D97575B4FE627E82" box="[325,434,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Leccinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a circum-boreal, mainly cool-temperate to low arctic distribution that corresponds well with the distribution range of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5BD307DA7175D0FCD07EE7" box="[577,768,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5BD307DA7175D0FCD07EE7" box="[577,768,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsection.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5BD307DBBA75D0FAD77EE7" box="[906,1287,1988,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" refString="Den Bakker, H. C. & Noordeloos, M. E. (2005) A revision of European species of Leccinum Gray and notes on extralimital species. Persoonia, 18, 511 - 587." type="journal article">Den Bakker & Noordeloos (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognize 16 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306D93C728CFEA9798A" box="[268,377,153,176]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Leccinum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306D93C728CFEA9798A" box="[268,377,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Leccinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Europe, most of which are establishing mycorrhizal associations with species of either birch (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306D89072A9FF3979EF" box="[160,233,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306D89072A9FF3979EF" box="[160,233,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Betula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), aspen and poplars (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306D9E872A9FDE479EF" box="[472,564,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306D9E872A9FDE479EF" box="[472,564,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Populus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), pine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306DABB72A8FD1B79EE" box="[651,715,189,212]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DABB72A8FD1B79EE" box="[651,715,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Pinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or spruce (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306DB6172A8FC4179EE" box="[849,913,189,212]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DB6172A8FC4179EE" box="[849,913,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Picea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The low arctic and alpine zones have species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306D88772F4FEF479C2" box="[183,292,225,248]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Leccinum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306D88772F4FEF479C2" box="[183,292,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Leccinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306D90772F4FE6079C2" box="[311,432,223,248]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Leccinum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="holopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306D90772F4FE6079C2" box="[311,432,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">L. holopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306D9DB72F4FD4C79C2" box="[491,668,223,248]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Leccinum" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rotundifoliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306D9DB72F4FD4C79C2" box="[491,668,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">L. rotundifoliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) forming mycorrhizae with scrubs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306DC6472CAFB0E79C2" box="[1108,1246,223,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nana">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DC6472CAFB0E79C2" box="[1108,1246,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Betula nana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its Nearctic counterpart,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306D9157310FE107827" box="[293,448,260,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glandulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306D9157310FE107827" box="[293,448,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">B. glandulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This explains the occurrence of species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306DBE97310FB497827" box="[985,1177,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DBE97310FB497827" box="[985,1177,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsection in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FBBE18E6B5AD306D8A77332FEDC787A" box="[151,268,295,320]" name="Greenland" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5AD306D92A7332FE0F787A" author="Michelsen" box="[282,479,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Michelsen, V. (2006 b) Annotated catalogue of the Anthomyiidae, Fanniidae, Muscidae and Scathophagidae (Diptera: Muscoidea) of Greenland. Steenstrupia, 29, 105 - 126." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">Michelsen 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and beyond the tree line in Fennoscandia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5AD306DBF77332FBA3787A" author="Ringdahl" box="[967,1139,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Ringdahl, O. (1951) Flugor fran Lapplands, Jamtlands och Harjedalens fjalltrakter (Diptera Brachycera). Opuscula entomologica, 16, 113 - 186. [In Swedish.]" type="journal article" year="1951">Ringdahl 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5FB6F2956B5AD306D8F77359FE8B7BBE" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="1713A11E6B5AD306D8F77359FE8B7BBE" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306D8F77359FEBB785F" box="[199,363,332,357]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Boletus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="edulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306D8F77359FEBB785F" box="[199,363,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Boletus edulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its close allies, also known as “porcini mushrooms”, are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere from the subarctic zone to the tropics with some 25 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5AD306DBF4737AFB6878B2" author="Dentinger" box="[964,1208,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Dentinger, B. T., Ammirati, J. F., Both, E. E., Desjardin, D. E., Halling, R. E., Henkel, T. W., Moreau, P. A., Nagasawa, E., Soytong, K., Taylor, A. F., Watling, R., Moncalvo, J. M. & McLaughlin, D. J. (2010) Molecular phylogenetics of porcini mushrooms (Boletus section Boletus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 1276 - 1292. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.10.004" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Dentinger
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DC0D7364FBA478B2" box="[1085,1140,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This commercially important group of boletes includes only four species in Europe according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5AD306DBC57381FADD7896" box="[1013,1293,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Beugelsdijk, D. C. M., van der Linde, S., Zuccarello, G. C., den Bakker, H. C., Draisma, S. G. A. & Noordeloos, M. E. (2008) A phylogenetic study of Boletus section Boletus in Europe. Persoonia, 20, 1 - 7. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3767 / 003158508 X 283692" type="journal article">
|
||
Beugelsdijk
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DCB27380FB6A7897" box="[1154,1210,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but some of them reach out to habitats in the Mediterranean Basin well beyond the climatic tolerance of the boreal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306DD0473ACFF3878CF" ID-CoL="769X6" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DD0473ACFF3878CF" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsection. They are in northern Europe mainly found in mycorrhizal associations with pine, spruce, oak and beech. Only three species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306DA0F7014FCD17B22" ID-CoL="769X6" box="[575,769,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DA0F7014FCD17B22" box="[575,769,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Pegomya fulgens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subsection (
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DBA27014FC277B22" box="[914,1015,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">P. z o na t a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306DC3A7014FB597B22" ID-CoL="92VRH" box="[1034,1161,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DC3A7014FB597B22" box="[1034,1161,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">P. notabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306DCF37014FA847B22" ID-CoL="92VRR" box="[1219,1364,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scapularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DCF37014FA847B22" box="[1219,1364,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">P. scapularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have been reared from sporocarps of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306DA1C7031FD1B7B07" ID-CoL="MCH9" box="[556,715,548,573]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Boletus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DA1C7031FD1B7B07" box="[556,715,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Boletus edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="733DDCEF6B5AD306DB4D7031FB1B7B06" author="Hackman" box="[893,1227,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" refString="Hackman, W. & Meinander, M. (1979) Diptera feeding as larvae on macrofungi in Finland. Annales zoologici fennici, 16, 50 - 83." type="journal article" year="1979">Hackman & Meinander 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in Europe. Bruns (1983) further recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306D98D705CFD437B5A" ID-CoL="92VS6" box="[445,659,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vittigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306D98D705CFD437B5A" box="[445,659,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Pegomya vittigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306DAEA705CFC1E7B5A" ID-CoL="92VRX" box="[730,974,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Pegomya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tabida">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DAEA705CFC927B5A" box="[730,834,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Pegomya</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DBB67052FC1E7B5A" box="[902,974,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">tabida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from sporocarps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0ACDA9D6B5AD306DCE17052FAA77B5A" ID-CoL="MCH9" box="[1233,1399,583,608]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Boletaceae" genus="Boletus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="edulis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25D87D0C6B5AD306DCE17052FAA77B5A" box="[1233,1399,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Boletus edulis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Minnesota,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6FBBE18E6B5AD306D92B7079FE877BBE" box="[283,343,620,644]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |