treatments-xml/data/9E/88/66/9E8866E4A7FD5B0487C2231B2E656289.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.53099" ID-GBIF-Dataset="19d82844-0ce4-4edd-9bd7-e4a8b62fc533" ID-PMC="PMC7340628" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-944-129" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D3B78C8AAD25541380CB22698BDA841B" ID-PubMed="32684777" ID-ZooBank="F00B2CAF5D9548F59C580DD95AAC9B8B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-944-129" checkinTime="1593557116768" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lee, Chi-Feng &amp; Beenen, Ron" docDate="2020" docId="9E8866E4A7FD5B0487C2231B2E656289" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 944: 129-146" docOrigin="ZooKeys 944" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.53099" docTitle="Taiwanoshaira tsoui Lee &amp; Beenen 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="8B744065-FF3A-41D4-ADD4-9952A41D0D7F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="D3B78C8AAD25541380CB22698BDA841B" lastPageNumber="129" masterDocId="D3B78C8AAD25541380CB22698BDA841B" masterDocTitle="Taiwanoshaira Lee &amp; Beenen, a new genus and first record of moss-inhabiting Galerucinae sensu stricto (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="146" masterPageNumber="129" pageNumber="129" updateTime="1668169024658" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taiwanoshaira Lee &amp; Beenen, a new genus and first record of moss-inhabiting Galerucinae sensu stricto (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) from Taiwan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lee, Chi-Feng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Applied Zoology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung 413, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-0557</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chifeng@tari.gov.tw</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Beenen, Ron</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Martinus Nijhoffhove 51, NL- 3437 ZP Nieuwegein, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>944</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>129</mods:start>
<mods:end>146</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.53099</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.53099</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-944-129</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F00B2CAF5D9548F59C580DD95AAC9B8B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D3B78C8AAD25541380CB22698BDA841B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164844952" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B744065-FF3A-41D4-ADD4-9952A41D0D7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E8866E4A7FD5B0487C2231B2E656289" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName LSID="9E8866E4-A7FD-5B04-87C2-231B2E656289" authority="Lee &amp; Beenen, 2020" authorityName="Lee &amp; Beenen" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Taiwanoshaira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taiwanoshaira tsoui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsoui" status="sp. nov.">Taiwanoshaira tsoui</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="129">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira taipingshanensis sp. nov. and T. tsoui sp. nov. A T. taipingshanensis sp. nov., male, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, female, dorsal view D T. tsoui sp. nov., male, dorsal view E same, ventral view F same, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426849" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figures 6D-F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">, 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Types</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">N</emphasis>
= 54).
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Holotype</emphasis>
</emphasis>
♂ (TARI): Taiwan. Nantou: Hsiaofengkou (小風口), 9.VIII.2012, leg. C.-F. Lee.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Paratypes.</emphasis>
14♂♂, 21♀♀ (12♂♂, 19♀♀TARI; 2♂♂, 2♀♀: RBCN), same data as holotype; 7♂♂, 6♀♀ (TARI), same but with &quot;leg. T.-H. Lee&quot;; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), same locality, 29.VII.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; 1♀ (NMNS), same locality, 23.VI.-24.VIII.2009, leg. W. T. Yang &amp; K. W. Huang; 1♂, 3♀♀ (NMNS), same locality, 24.VIII.-24.IX.2009, leg. W. T. Yang &amp; K. W. Huang; Ilan: 2♂♂, 1♀ (TARI), Taipingshan (太平山), 5.VIII.2015, leg. Y.-T. Chung; 1♀ (TARI), Yuanyanghu (鴛鴦湖), 19.VIII.2010, leg. S.-S. Li; Nantou: 1♀ (TARI), Meifeng (梅峰), 11.VI.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; 1♂ (TARI), same locality, 29.VII.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; 9♂♂, 2♀♀ (TARI), Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), 3.VII.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee; Taichung: 8♂♂, 4♀♀ (TARI), Tahsuehshan (大雪山), 2.VIII.2019, leg. B.-X. Guo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
Length 4.1-4.8 mm, width 2.5-2.9 mm. General color dark brown or blackish-brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira taipingshanensis sp. nov. and T. tsoui sp. nov. A T. taipingshanensis sp. nov., male, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, female, dorsal view D T. tsoui sp. nov., male, dorsal view E same, ventral view F same, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426849" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">6D-F</figureCitation>
); each antennomere basally paler; margins of pronotum and elytra, including suture yellowish-brown; legs yellowish-brown but apices of femora and bases of tibiae dark brown. Antennae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8A</figureCitation>
) filiform in males, ratio of lengths of antennomeres I to XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.7: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7; ratios of lengths to widths from antennomeres I to XI 3.3: 2.2: 2.3: 2.2: 2.5: 2.7: 3.1: 2.8: 2.8: 2.7: 3.2; similar in females, ratio of lengths of antennomeres I to XI (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8B</figureCitation>
) 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.7; ratios of lengths to widths from antennomeres I to XI 3.2: 2.1: 2.0: 2.4: 2.5: 2.7: 2.6: 2.4: 2.4: 2.4: 2.7. Pronotum 1.63-1.68 times wider than long; lateral margins moderately rounded; disc with fine punctures bearing tiny setae. Procoxal cavities widely open. Elytra 1.17-1.26 times longer than wide; disc with sparse, confused, fine punctures; apices tapering in males, but widely rounded in females. Protarsomeres I not sexually dimorphic. Penis (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8C, D</figureCitation>
) wide, about 5.6 times longer than wide; parallel sided and moderately curved in lateral view, apex narrowly rounded, base with shallow median notch; tectum broad from apical 1/6 to middle, apex truncate; ventral surface with large opening. Endophallic spiculae complex with median endophallic spiculae extremely slender, apically curved in lateral view; with one pair of small sclerites near base. Gonocoxae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8M, N</figureCitation>
) short; apex of each gonocoxa widely rounded, with eight to 11 long setae along apical margin, basally narrowed. Ventrite VIII (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8O, P</figureCitation>
) short and well sclerotized, with several short setae along apical margin, spiculum short. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8Q</figureCitation>
) swollen; pump slender and curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct short.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lee &amp; Beenen" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Taiwanoshaira" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taiwanoshaira tsoui" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsoui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Taiwanoshaira tsoui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">A</emphasis>
antenna, male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">B</emphasis>
antenna, female
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">C</emphasis>
penis, dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">D</emphasis>
penis, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">E</emphasis>
endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">F</emphasis>
ditto, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">G</emphasis>
same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">H</emphasis>
ditto, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">I</emphasis>
samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山),
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">J</emphasis>
ditto, laeral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">K</emphasis>
same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">L</emphasis>
ditto, lateral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">M</emphasis>
gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">N</emphasis>
same, from Taipingshan (太平山)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">O</emphasis>
abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">P</emphasis>
same, from Taipingshan (太平山)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Q</emphasis>
spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
Specimens from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) have paler bodies and shorter antenna than others. The endophallic spiculae complexes are variable among localities: subbases of endophallic spiculae are shorter and wider in specimens from Meifeng (梅峰) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8E, F</figureCitation>
); similar to those from Meifeng but with a median membranous area and straight apex in specimens from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8G, H</figureCitation>
); similar to those in Peitungyangshan, but with bifurcate apices in specimens from Tahsuehshan (大雪山) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8I, J</figureCitation>
); specimens from Taipingshan (太平山) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8K, L</figureCitation>
) possess more slender median endophallic spiculae than those from Hsiaofengkou and shorter more truncate apices. Females from Hsiaofengkou have gradually narrowed bases of the gonocoxae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8M</figureCitation>
) that differ from those with strongly narrowed bases in others (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8N</figureCitation>
). Females from Taipingshan have narrower apices of abdominal ventrites VIII (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8P</figureCitation>
) than others (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8O</figureCitation>
). It raises the question whether such variations of endophallic spiculae complexes at different localities indicate interspecific differentiation since endophallic sclerites are usually very consistent within a species. The problem needs further study by collecting more material from additional localities and combined with molecular study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
Adults of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tsoui" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="tsoui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. tsoui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. are similar to those of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. chujoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="chujoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. chujoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kimoto) comb. nov. in sharing the following characters: elytra smooth and lacking longitudinal ridges (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira chujoi comb. nov. A male, paratype, from Alishan (阿里山), dorsal view B same, ventral view C female, paratype, from Tapan (達邦), dorsal view D male, from Bilu Divine Tree (碧綠神木), dorsal view E same, ventral view F female, from Bilu Divine Tree (碧綠神木), dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426846" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">3A, C, D, F</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira taipingshanensis sp. nov. and T. tsoui sp. nov. A T. taipingshanensis sp. nov., male, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, female, dorsal view D T. tsoui sp. nov., male, dorsal view E same, ventral view F same, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426849" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">6D, F</figureCitation>
) (presence of the longitudinal ridges on elytra (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira taipingshanensis sp. nov. and T. tsoui sp. nov. A T. taipingshanensis sp. nov., male, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, female, dorsal view D T. tsoui sp. nov., male, dorsal view E same, ventral view F same, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426849" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">6A, C</figureCitation>
) in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. taipingshanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="taipingshanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. taipingshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.), widely open procoxal cavities (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Generic characters for Taiwanoshaira. A prothorax, ventral view, T. taipingshanensis sp. nov. B prothorax, ventral view, T. tsoui sp. nov. C last two abdominal ventrites, dorsal view, male, T. tsoui sp. nov. D elytron, ventral view, T. tsoui sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426845" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">2B</figureCitation>
) (almost closed procoxal cavities (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Generic characters for Taiwanoshaira. A prothorax, ventral view, T. taipingshanensis sp. nov. B prothorax, ventral view, T. tsoui sp. nov. C last two abdominal ventrites, dorsal view, male, T. tsoui sp. nov. D elytron, ventral view, T. tsoui sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426845" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">2A</figureCitation>
) in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. taipingshanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="taipingshanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. taipingshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.), yellowish-brown legs with dark apices of femora and bases of tibiae (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira chujoi comb. nov. A male, paratype, from Alishan (阿里山), dorsal view B same, ventral view C female, paratype, from Tapan (達邦), dorsal view D male, from Bilu Divine Tree (碧綠神木), dorsal view E same, ventral view F female, from Bilu Divine Tree (碧綠神木), dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426846" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira taipingshanensis sp. nov. and T. tsoui sp. nov. A T. taipingshanensis sp. nov., male, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, female, dorsal view D T. tsoui sp. nov., male, dorsal view E same, ventral view F same, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426849" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">6D-F</figureCitation>
) (entirely black legs (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira taipingshanensis sp. nov. and T. tsoui sp. nov. A T. taipingshanensis sp. nov., male, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, female, dorsal view D T. tsoui sp. nov., male, dorsal view E same, ventral view F same, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426849" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">6A-C</figureCitation>
) in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. taipingshanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="taipingshanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. taipingshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.), uniform protarsi I in both sexes (sexually dimorphic protarsi I in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. taipingshanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="taipingshanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. taipingshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.), tapering elytra apices only in males (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira chujoi comb. nov. A male, paratype, from Alishan (阿里山), dorsal view B same, ventral view C female, paratype, from Tapan (達邦), dorsal view D male, from Bilu Divine Tree (碧綠神木), dorsal view E same, ventral view F female, from Bilu Divine Tree (碧綠神木), dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426846" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira taipingshanensis sp. nov. and T. tsoui sp. nov. A T. taipingshanensis sp. nov., male, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, female, dorsal view D T. tsoui sp. nov., male, dorsal view E same, ventral view F same, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426849" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">6D-F</figureCitation>
) (tapering elytral apices of both sexes (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira taipingshanensis sp. nov. and T. tsoui sp. nov. A T. taipingshanensis sp. nov., male, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, female, dorsal view D T. tsoui sp. nov., male, dorsal view E same, ventral view F same, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426849" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">6A-C</figureCitation>
) in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. taipingshanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="taipingshanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. taipingshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.). Adults of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. tsoui" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="tsoui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. tsoui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differ from those of
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. chujoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="chujoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. chujoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. by possessing yellowish-brown sutures and margins with black or blackish-brown elytra having punctures more sparse (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira taipingshanensis sp. nov. and T. tsoui sp. nov. A T. taipingshanensis sp. nov., male, dorsal view B same, ventral view C same, female, dorsal view D T. tsoui sp. nov., male, dorsal view E same, ventral view F same, female, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426849" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">6D, F</figureCitation>
), in contrast to black or blackish elytra (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Habitus of Taiwanoshaira chujoi comb. nov. A male, paratype, from Alishan (阿里山), dorsal view B same, ventral view C female, paratype, from Tapan (達邦), dorsal view D male, from Bilu Divine Tree (碧綠神木), dorsal view E same, ventral view F female, from Bilu Divine Tree (碧綠神木), dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426846" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">3A, C</figureCitation>
) with denser punctures in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. chujoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="chujoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. chujoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. In addition, most genitalic characters of this species are diagnostic, including moderately curved penis (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8C, D</figureCitation>
) (slightly curved (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira chujoi comb. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E gonocoxae, from Tapan (達邦) F gonocoxae, from Pilu (碧綠) G abdominal ventrite VIII H spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426847" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">4C, D</figureCitation>
) in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. chujoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="chujoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. chujoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov.), narrower base of gonocoxae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8M, N</figureCitation>
) (wider base of gonocoxae (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira chujoi comb. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E gonocoxae, from Tapan (達邦) F gonocoxae, from Pilu (碧綠) G abdominal ventrite VIII H spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426847" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">4E, F</figureCitation>
) in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. chujoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="chujoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. chujoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov.), and shorter spermathecal pump (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira tsoui sp. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E endophallic sclerites, from Meifeng (梅峰), dorsal view F ditto, lateral view G same, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山), dorsal H ditto, lateral view I samel, from Tahsuehshan (大雪山), J ditto, laeral view K same, form Taipingshan (太平山), dorsal L ditto, lateral view M gonocoxae, from Hsiaofengkou (小風口) N same, from Taipingshan (太平山) O abdominal ventrite VIII, from Peitungyanshan (北東眼山) P same, from Taipingshan (太平山) Q spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426851" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">8Q</figureCitation>
) (much longer pump (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Diagnostic characters of Taiwanoshaira chujoi comb. nov. A antenna, male B antenna, female C penis, dorsal view D penis, lateral view E gonocoxae, from Tapan (達邦) F gonocoxae, from Pilu (碧綠) G abdominal ventrite VIII H spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426847" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">4H</figureCitation>
) in
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. chujoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="chujoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. chujoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="food plants">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Food plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
Probably some species of moss, currently unknown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitat photographs. A microhabitat for Taiwanoshaira taipingshanensis sp. nov. and T. tsoui sp. nov. at Yuanyang Lake (鴛鴦湖) B active adults of T. chujoi comb. nov. inside moss cushions at Pilu (畢祿) C adult of T. taipingshanensis sp. nov. feeding on leaves of Plagiomnium vesicatum at Yuanyang Lake (鴛鴦湖) D adults of T. taipingshanensis sp. nov. mating at Yuanyang Lake (鴛鴦湖) E adult of T. tsoui sp. nov. at Hsiaofengkou (小風口) F adult of T. tsoui sp. nov. at Meifeng (梅峰)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426844" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">1E, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">This new species is dedicated to Mei-Hua Tsou, a member of TCRT and the first to collect this new species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="129" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="129">
Northern and central Taiwan (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Distribution map of Taiwanoshaira species, solid line: 1000 m, broken line: 2000 m. Blue Dots T. chujoi comb. nov. Red Dots T. tsoui sp. nov. Green Dots T. taipingshanensis sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.53099.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/426848" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">5</figureCitation>
). It is sympatric with
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. taipingshanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="taipingshanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. taipingshanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. at Yuanyanahu (鴛鴦湖) and Taipingshan (太平山), and with
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. chujoi" pageId="0" pageNumber="129" rank="species" species="chujoi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="129">T. chujoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. at Meifeng (梅峰).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>